GCE A Level H2 Chemistry Nov 2010 Paper 2 Suggested Solutios

1
!a" C
2
O
4
2-
2CO
2
+ 2e- x 3
FeO
4
2-
+ 8H
+
+ 3e- Fe
3+
+ 4H
2
O x 2
2FeO
4
2-
+ 16H
+
+ 3C
2
O
4
2-
6CO
2
+ 2Fe
3+
+ 8H
2
O
Note: Question says FA1 is acidified, thus must include H
+
.
!#" Making the assumption that no. of dops is die!t"# popotiona" to $o"ume of
so"utions used %that means the $o"ume of ea!h dop is &eing !onsistent'(
suppose )e pipette 2*.+ !m
3
of ,a
2
C
2
O
4
%+.1++ mo" dm
-3
'( the estimated tite
$o"ume %FeO
4
2-
' )ou"d &e + . 2*
32
1+
- ..8+ !m
3
. /his tite $o"ume is too sma""
and "eads to po&"ems of a!!ua!# in measuement and hen!e the
!on!entation of ,a
2
C
2
O
4
pepaed is not suita&"e and shou"d &e "age to
o&tain a "age and moe suita&"e tite $o"ume %shou"d &e aound 2*.+ !m
3
'.
!$" 1. 0eigh a!!uate"# a&out 1+..+ g of so"id anh#dous ,a
2
C
2
O
4
in a !"ean d#
)eighing &ott"e. 1e!od the eadings a!!oding"#.
Mass of )eighing &ott"e + ,a
2
C
2
O
4
2 g m
1
Mass of empt# )eighing &ott"e 2 g
Mass of )eighing &ott"e + esidua" ,a
2
C
2
O
4
2 g m
2
Mass of ,a
2
C
2
O
4
tansfeed 2 g m
1
% m
2
Note: Reweighing the bottle after transferring the solid is important to mention
so that the mass of solid that actually dissolves in the beaker is known
accurately.
2. 3isso"$e the so"id )eighed in the &eake and tansfe it and the )ashings
into a 2*+ !m
3
$o"umeti! f"ask and make up to the mak )ith disti""ed )ate.
4hake to ensue a homogeneous so"ution o&tained. 5a&e" this so"ution &A2.
Note: annot prepare a standard solution using beakers, conical flasks or
measuring cylinders. !tate the volume of flask to be used.
6ustifi!ation fo !on!entation of &A2
4in!e 2FeO
4
2-
3C
2
O
4
2-
( denoting !on!entation of &A1 as C
1
( its $o"ume
used as 7
1
( &A2 as C
2
( its $o"ume as C
2
( then
2 2
1 1
"
"
-
3
2
an estimate of !on!entation of &A1 -
1+ 3
32 1++ . + 2

- +.213 mo" dm
-3
/aking that fo a!tua" titation( 2*.+ !m
3
of &A2 is pipetted and 2*.+ !m
3
of
&A1 is e8uied fo !omp"ete ea!tion( an estimated suita&"e !on!entation of
&A2 -
2
3 213 . +
- +.32+ mo" dm
-3
%highe than +.1++ mo" dm
-3
oigina""#'
/his means that a suita&"e amount of ,a
2
C
2
O
4
to )eigh - +.32+ 134
1+++
2*+

- 1+..+ g.
Note: #he $ustification for concentration of FA2 is re%uired.
3. 9ipette 2*.+ !m
3
of &A2 into a !oni!a" f"ask and add a&out an e8ua" $o"ume
of 1 mo" dm
-3
su"fui! a!id %an ex!ess'( using a measuing !#"inde.
Note: &ust mention acifification of solution and in an e'cess, and cannot use
Hl. (lso, the pippetted solution should be placed in conical flask, not
beakers.
4. /itate the a&o$e so"ution )ith &A1( p"a!ed in a &uette. ,o extena"
indi!ato is e8uied sin!e the the !o"ou !hange at the end-point is fom
!o"ou"ess %a"most' %due to the ex!ess &A2 and Fe
3+
' to pa"e pink %due to an
ex!ess dop of &A1'.
*. 1epeat titation as man# times as ne!essa# ti"" !onsistent esu"ts %)ithin
+.1+ !m
3
of ea!h othe' o&tained. 1e!od the esu"ts a!!oding"#.
/itation no. 1ough :!!uate
1 2
Fina" &uette eading 2 !m
3
;nitia" &uette eading 2 !m
3
7o"ume of tite used 2 !m
3
/i!k fo !onsistent eadings
4umma#<
2*.+ !m
3
of a!idified &A2 e8uied ========== !m
3
of &A1 fo !omp"ete
ea!tion.
!d" :mount of &A2 %C
2
O
4
2-
' - &
y

1+++
mo"
4in!e 2FeO
4
2-
3C
2
O
4
2-
( amount of &A1 in x !m
3
-

&
y
1+++ 3
2
Con!entation of &A1 - &
y
'

1+++ 3
2 1+++
-
'
y&
3
2
mo" dm
-3
!e" ,a
2
C
2
O
4
and FeO
4
-
is exteme"# toxi! and shou"d not &e "eft in !onta!t )ith
the skin. :$oid spi""ing )hen )eighing.
2
!a" ;. H
2
4O
4
+ ,a> H> + ,aH4O
4
;;. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH + H> CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
> + H
2
O
!#" ,ote< CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH ,a>
:mount of ,a> -
1+3
3*
- +.34+ mo"
:mount of CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH -
.4
81 . + 2*
- +.2.4 mo" ? +.34+ mo"
/heefoe ,a> is in ex!ess.
!$"
!i" 9otonation of H
2
O &# !on! H
2
4O
4
%stong >onsted a!id' )hen H
2
4O
4
is
&eing di"uted.
Note: No credit if $ust say )an e'othermic reaction occurs*.
!ii" ;nogani! &#-podu!t< >
2
@8uation< H
2
4O
4
+ 2H> >
2
+ 4O
2
+ 2H
2
O %accept e%uivalent reaction of
H
+
!,
-
with Na.r'
Ogani! &#-podu!t< CH
3
CH
2
CH-CH
2
%dehydration of butan/0/ol'
Note: No credit if $ust write )butene* or
-
H
1
.
@8uation< CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH CH
3
CH
2
CH-CH
2
+ H
2
O
%if e%uation involves H
+
!,
-
on 2H!, RH! must also have H
+
!,
-
or its
e%uivalent form for balancing.'
!d" :"most a"" of ogani! ea!tions e8uies &eaking of !o$a"ent &onds( and these
in genea" e8uie high amounts of eneg# to o$e!ome.
!e" 0ate and &utan-1-o". /he# ha$e !"osest &.p. to 1-&omo&utane %118 AC'( and
)i"" &e disti""ed off togethe.
!'" 5o)e "a#e. 1-&omo&utane has a highe densit# than a8ueous so"ution
%"age"# )ate'.
Note: No credit for comparing &
r
.
!g"
!i" &utan-1-o" %!"ue gi$en in 8uestion< HC" is a stong a!id( as a >onsted a!id( it
)ou"d "ose H
+
to potonate &utan-1-o".'
!ii" CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH + HC" CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH
2
+
+ C"
-
Note: #he product is not 0/chlorobutane because this will not help to e'plain
why it is more soluble in water than the original reactant.
!iii" 9odu!t is ioni!( and hen!e !an fom ion-dipo"e intea!tions &et)een podu!t
and )ate( and this po!ess is mu!h moe exothemi! than fomation of
h#dogen &onding %"imited due to non-po"a a"k#" !hain' &et)een &utan-1-o"
and )ate.
Note: No credit for answering in terms of van der waals3 forces formed.
!h" impuit#< !on!entated HC" %!"ue gi$en in 8uestion< at step .( Be"ease
pessue at inte$a"sC D suggest gas is podu!ed as &#-podu!t'
e8uation< 2HC" + ,a
2
CO
3
2,aC" + CO
2
+ H
2
O
!i" )ate %!"ue< anh#dous D "a!k of )ate'
!(" fom 1++ to 11+ C %note< pue 1-&omo&utane &oi"s at 1+2 AC'
)
!a" 9hoto!hemi!a" smog D "eads to diffi!u"t# in &eathing et!
Note: No credit for answering formation of acid rain 4 already mentioned5
!#" 9"ot gaph of initia" ate against %9
,O
'
2
o initia" ate against 9
,O
. Eaphs must
pass though oigin.
!$" 2
nd
ode.
Fo gaph of initia" ate against %9
,O
'
2
o&tained in !#" is a staight "ine )ith
positi$e gadient( suggesting that ate is die!t"# popotiona" to %9
,O
'
2
*+
Fo gaph of initia" ate against 9
,O
o&tained in !#"( as 9
,O
is dou&"ed( ate is
in!eased foufo"d %sho) e$iden!e in gaph p"otted.' %No credit if say since
the graph is not a straight line the reaction must be +
nd
order wrt 6
N,
.7
Note: 6lot graph of initial rate against 86
N,
7
+
is more straightforward.
!d" 1
st
ode. Eadient of gaph as in !#" is e8ui$a"ent to k%9
O2
'
m
( )hee m denotes
ode of ea!tion )ith espe!t to O
2
. 4in!e on ha"$ing patia" pessue of O
2
(
gadient is ha"$ed( this imp"ies that ate shou"d &e die!t"# popotiona" to
patia" pessue of O
2
.
!e"
!i" ate - k%9
,O
'
2
9
O2
%Note: No credit by writing in terms of concentrations.'
!ii" Fnits of k - ,
-2
m
4
s
-1
%Note: 9nits of rate is N m
/+
s
/0
'
,
!a"
!i" magnitude of "atti!e eneg# de!eases %note: actually insignificant decrease'
!ii" 5.@.
+
+
+

r r
% %
. 4in!e &oth !hages %M
2+
( 4O
4
2-
' and ioni! adius of su"fate ae
!onsistent( the detemining fa!to is the ioni! adius of M
2+
( and fom 3ata
>ook"et( the ioni! adius in!eases fom Mg
2+
to >a
2+
%+.+6* to +.13* nm'.
/his means the ioni! &ond stength &et)een the opposite"# !haged ions gets
)eake due to "ess !"ose appoa!h.
!#"
!i"
3otted "ines denote ion-dipo"e intea!tions
!ii" H
h#d

+
+

r
%
. O&$ious"# the !hage is !onstant %+2'( and fom 3ata >ook"et(
the ioni! adius in!eases fom Mg
2+
to >a
2+
. /he !hage on !ation is "ess
!on!entated as ioni! adius in!eases %de!easing !hage densit#'( and
hen!e thee is de!ease in a&i"it# to atta!t H
2
O mo"e!u"es %de!ease in
po"aising po)e' stong"# %the ion-dipo"e atta!tion eneg# de!eases'.
Note: No credit if argue in terms of :; and :H.

!$"
!i" nu!"eophi"i! addition %No credit for $ust stating )addition*.'
!ii" h#do"#sis 8look at the products formed, overall there is addition of H/,H.7
!d"
+ +
+
+
-
-
!e"
-
!a"
!i" /he disuption of se!onda# and2o tetia# stu!tue of potein mo"e!u"es due
to disuption and2o modifi!ation of $aious 1 %esidua"' goup intea!tions &#
adding )eak a!ids( heating( enG#mes et!. ho)e$e( the exa!t amino a!id
se8uen!e that makes up the potein %pima# stu!tue' emains inta!t.
!ii" Heating to a high tempeatue is a possi&"it# %8uestion sa#s ge"atin is
pepaed in the food and phama!euti!a" industies'. /he )eake 1 goup
intea!tions su!h as h#dogen &onding o p.d.-p.d. )i"" get disupted.
No credit for stating hydrolysis of collagen 4 not denaturation5
!#" 6
!$"
!i"
!ii"
Question asks for amino acid molecules, not repeat units.
!d"
!i" @xtended heating fo a fe) hous )ith 6 mo" dm
-3
HC" o 6 mo" dm
-3
,aOH.
!ii"
!iii" Monome of poteins< amino a!ids D ea!h !ontains #oth DCO
2
H and D,H
2
goup. Monome of He$"a< di!a&ox#"i! a!ids and diamines sepaate"#
Question is not asking for difference between monomers that make up <evlar
!e" HOCH
2
CO
2
CH%CH
3
'CO
2
H and CH
3
CH%OH'CO
2
CH
2
CO
2
H
!'"
!i" h#do"#sis of este to efom !a&ox#"i! a!id and a"!oho"
!ii" fomation of ion-dipo"e intea!tions &et)een !a&ox#"ate ions and )ate( and
h#dogen &onding &et)een DOH goups and )ate.