176 Cau Hoi Bao Ve TN Duong Thuong Gap

CNG TT NGHIP NG B - K47 2011
Nguyn Vit Cng-Hong Trng Ngha-Nguyn Vn Sn Page 1

Cu 1. Trnh t v ni dung thi cng cng?
1-Chun b: vt liu, ng cng n hin trng thi cng
2-Cm cc tim cng, gic mng, xc nh phm vi thi cng
3-o mng cng
4-Xy mng
5-t ng cng: t t h -> thng lu iu chnh
6-Lm mi ni
7-Xy tng u hoc tng cnh, h t, gia c
8-p t 2 bn cng: p u 2 bn, v p thnh tng lp
9-Thng dng.
Cu 2.Cc loi t thng s dng p nn ng?
Cc loi t thng s dng p nn ng l
-t ct : km dnh, c = 0. S dng c cho mi loi nn ng, nht l cc on ng
chu nh hng nhiu ca nc.
-t st: c ln, cng cao tuy nhin km n nh nc.
-Cp phi, si i:Cng cao, trong thnh phn vn cha st nn cng km n nh
nc. Thng lm lp trn cng ca nn ng( thay t).
-t st, ct: L loi t c tnh cht mc trung bnh gia t ct v t st.
Cn c phn loi t l ch s do I
p
.( 1->7: ct; 7->17: st; >17 : st)
Cu 3. Cn c chn tc thi cng mt ng?
u tin da vo tnh ton tc ca dy chuyn mt:
V =
n
T T
T
L
HT KT
h
)).
2
( (
+

Trong L: chiu di on cng tc ca dy chuyn,m
T
h
: thi gian hot ng ca dy chuyn, ngy
T
kt
: thi gian trin khai ca dy chuyn,ngy
T
ht:
: thi gian hon tt ca dy chuyn
N, s ca thi cng trong 1 ngy.
Sau cn c vo loi vt liu thi cng mt ng c cc thi gian gin cch m ng ta
chn tc thi cng lp mng v lp mt bng nhau hoc khc nhau.
Cu 4. Ln khun ng? cch tnh khi lng nn?


*Ln khun ng nhm xc nh nhng v tr ch yu ca mt ct ngang m bao thi
cng ng thit k.
i vi nn p, cng tc ln khun ng bao gm vic xc nh cao p t ti trc
ng v mp ng, xc nh chn ta luy.
i vi nn o, cc cc ln khun ng phi ri khi phm v thi cng, trn cc cc
ny phi ghi l trnh v chiu su o t, sau phi nh c mp taluy nn o.
*cch tnh khi lng nn: Khi lng o p ca nn c tnh theo nguyn tc: Khi
lng thi cng ca on c chiu di t mt ct A n mt ct B bng gi tr trung bnh
thi cng ca 2 mt ct A v B nhn vi chiu di on AB.
Cu 5. Cn c chn dc mi taluy?
i vi nn ng o hoc p cn c vo loi vt liu p(o) v chiu cao p(o)
m ng ta chn cc dc mi taluy khc nhau. c quy nh r trong bng 24, 25 quy
trnh 4054-2005.
Cu 6.Cn c chn my thi cng nn ng?
Chn my thi cng nn ng phi theo cc cn c sau :
1,Khi chn my phi chn my chnh trc, my ph sau, my ph phi m bo pht
huy ti a nng sut ca my chnh.
2,Khi chn my phi xt 1 cch tng hp: tnh cht cng trnh, iu kin thi cng kh
nng cung cp my mc ng thi phi tin hnh so snh kinh t k thut.
-TC cng trnh bao gm: Loi nn ng( o hay p); chiu cao p; c ly vn chuyn;
khi lng cng vic
-k thi cng bao gm: Loi t; k a cht thy vn; k thot nc mt; k vn
chuyn; k kh hu; K cung cp vt liu cho my lm vic.
3,Khi chn my nn gim s loi my khc nhau trong cng 1 i my v nn dng loi
my lm c nhiu cng vic khc nhau.
4,Khi s dng my th phi tm mi bin php my lm vic vi nng sut cao nht.
(Tng s ca lm vic trong 1 ngy; Tng h s s dng thi gian; Tng khi lng hon
thnh trong 1 chu k lm vic; Rt ngn thi gian cu 1 chu k lm vic hon thnh
khi lng cng vic Q)
Cu 7. Gii thch tin thi cng theo gi?
Cu 8. Cn c chn tc thi cng nn ng?


: Khc vi mt ng, nn ng c c th c c o v p, khi lng khng bng
nhau trn ton tuyn, v vy tc thi cng nn ng ti tng on khc nhau l khc
nhau. nh ra mt tc thi cng nn ng tng i cn cn c vo cc yu t sau:
-Khi lng thi cng(o, p)
-My mc trang thit b c
-K vn chuyn.
-Tnh cht ca t nn.
Cu 9.Mc ch tc dng ca vic m nn t nn ng?
-Tng cng , tng cht , gim kh nng thm nc cho cc lp kt cu.
-Gim thiu nh hng ca ch thy nhit n mt ng.
Cu 10.Nu phng php xc nh cht tt nht ?
-Dng th nghim Proctor ( c 2 loi l Proctor tiu chun v Proctor ci tin )
im khc nhau gia 2 loi : Cng m khc nhau ; s lp m ( 3 v 5); th tch ci
Cu 11.K thut m nn t nn ng?
-San ri t c ng ra nn ng thnh lp theo chiu dy yu cu vi dc 1-
2% k t tim ra l ng.kim tra m ca t nn v so snh vi m tt nht( t
qu th phi hong, kh qu th ti thm nc).
-Nu dng lu do my ko theo th cho chy theo s khp kn di chuyn t l ng
vo tim ng. Nu dng lu t hnh th cho chy theo s con thoi v trng hp c
bit cng c th i theo s khp kn.
-Vt lu sau ln vt lu trc ti thiu 20cm.
-S dng lu nh trc, lu nng sau.
-Nu khi dng lu bnh lp m t di bnh lu b tri ln th nn cho cc bnh nhje i
trc trong cc lt lu u tin.
-t do my san hoc nhn lc san th rt ti nn cn tng s ln lu ln ln 25-30% so vi
s ln lu tnh ton.Nu dng t t , my xc chuyn hoc cc my bnh lp p
t th cht ban u kh cao nn c th gim s ln lu so vi tnh ton.
Nng sut lu ph thuc: Chiu di on cng tc(xc nh thng qua tnh ton v so
snh k thut)
Tc lu ln; B rng vt lu; cc h s s dng thi gian
Cu 12.Trnh by cc pp kim tra cht, m nhanh ti hin trng?


-PP dao ai t cn: ) 3 / (
2 1
cm g
V
P P
w
= ;
W
w
+
=
1
(g/cm3)
-PP dng phao Covalep: Da vo sc y ca nc xc nh trng lng. Nghin nh
t cho vo phao ri cho vo bnh da vo s ngn chm c s vch ta xc nh c dung
trng kh( c 3 loi t tng ng vi 3 thang c khc nhau Ct, st v t en).
W = % 100 .

w

-PP rt ct :
-PP dng cht ng v phng x:
PP o phng x trc tip : cht ca t c xc nh trn c s s gim yu ca chm
tia phng qua t.
PP o phng x phn tn: c xc nh theo s ghi nhn cc tia phn tn.
Cu 13. Nu PP xc nh cht theo Kavaliep?
-PP dng phao Covalep: Da vo sc y ca nc xc nh trng lng. Ly mu
nguyn dng vo phao ri th phao chm vo trong nc cn c vo s ngn nc m
phao chm xung ta c c dung trng m ca mu t
w

Nghin nh t cho vo phao ri cho vo bnh da vo s ngn chm c s vch ta xc
nh c dung trng kh( c 3 loi t tng ng vi 3 thang c khc nhau Ct, st v t
en).
W = % 100 .

w
.
Cu 14. Ni dung cng tc kim tra v nghim thu nn ng?
-Kim tra cht, kim tra cng t nn ( E), kim tra bng phng. kim tra kch
thc nn ng(b rng,cao ,dc dc,dc taluy); o CBR nu cn
Cu 15.Dng ng cng nh th no ?
Cng bao gm 2 loi : Cng a hnh v cng cu to
-Cng a hnh c b tr ti cc v tr ct qua cc dng sui nhr hay ct qua khe t thy
m khi ma s hnh thnh dng chy.
-Cng cu to c b tr ch yu thot nc trn mt ng v trn mi taluy c lu
lng nh, cng cu to b tr theo quy trnh m khng cn tnh ton.
- C gng i tuyn sao cho ct vung gc vi dng chy.


- Vai nn ng phi cao mc nc dng trc cng ti thiu 0.5m vi cng khng
c p v bn p c khu nh hn 2m, cao hn 1m vi cng c khu ln hn 2m.
- ng c cp hng cao th hng cng v cu nh ph thuc hng tuyn. Khi
vt qua cc dng sui m a cht chc v n nh th c th chuyn v tr cng ln lng
chng sui gim bt chiu di v d thi cng.
- Phi m bo chiu dy t p trn cng ti thiu l 0.5m hoc phi b tr
chiu dy ca lp kt cu mt ng nu chiu dy kt cu ln hn 0.5m.
- Cng thot nc rnh dc gi l cng cu to. C ly cng cu to khng ln
hn 300 - 350m i vi rnh hnh thang, khng > 250m i vi rnh hnh tam gic.
- Nn dng cng trn l BTCT v r v tin cho thi cng c gii. Cng vung dng
cho lu lng ln hn cao nn p hn ch.
Cu 16.Nguyn l s dng vt liu lm mt ng?
-Nguyn l chn :( c kch c tng i ng u) Nh vo tc dng chn mc ,
ma st gia cc hn to nn cu trc ti xc c cng nht nh
+u: r, thi cng n gin,d kim tra, khng ch.
+Nhc: Chu lc ngang km, tn cng lu, yu cu gc phi c cng cao
-Nguyn l lt xp: S dng vt liu c sn hay gia cng sn xp li vi nhau
+u:p, vt liu cung ng y v kp thi.
+Nhc : Ph thuc vo cng v bng phng ca vt liu sn, thi cng bng th
cng=> tn km.
-Nguyn l cp phi: ht nh chn lp vo l rng cc ht to to nn 1 kt cu c chc,
ng thi nh vo ma st hnh thnh nn cng .
+Cp phi lin tc : d1/d2 = d2/d3 = . =
G1/g2 = g2/g3 = .= 0,81.
+Cp phi gin on : ht ln ln hn 4-6 ln ht nh.
+Cc loi vl theo nguyn l cp phi : CPD, BTN, BTXM, CP, CP D gia c XM.
-Nguyn l t gia c :Vt liu t c lm nh v trn thm mt lng cht v c hoc
hu c nhm thay i mt cch c bn cu trc v tnh cht c l ca t theo hng c
li .


Cu 176.Nguyn l p nn ng bng t?
-Nu ch dng 1 loi t th v nguyn tc p theo tng lp t di ln trn. Trc
khi p lp trn phi m nn lp di n cht yu cu.
-Nu dng nhiu loi t p phi tun th theo nguyn tc sau :
+Khng dng loi t kh thot nc bao kn t d thot nc.
+Cc loi t khc nhau nn p thnh tng lp khc nhau
+Nu lp thot nc tt trn lp kh thot nc th b mt lp KTN lm dc 2-
3%.Nu ngc li th b mt lp TNT c th lm bng phng.
+t p cng phi u 2 bn trnh x dch cng, chiu dy ti thiu trn nh cng
l 0,5m. Tt nht nn dng loi kh thot nc. Nu p bng phi loi cc vin c
d>15cm ra khi khu vc cng mi bn 1,5D ( D l ng knh cng ).
+Trong 1 lp nu c 2 loi t th b mt tip xc phi c nh vt.
+Sau m cu dng t TNT p .
+Khi thi cng nn ng nng cp ci to tt nht dng loi t ging t nn ng c
p hoc dng t TNT p. b mt tip xc nn nh cp.
Cu 17. Cch chn lu m nn mt ng?
-Trong qu trnh lu ln th gia cc ht hnh thnh cng chng li s bin dng,
cng tng dn theo thi gian v c gi l sc cn m nn. V vy khi lu cn
chn lu nh trc, lu nng sau
..
Cu 18.Xc nh chiu dy lp mt ng?
-Trong thit k chiu dy lp mt ng c xc nh thng qua vic chn v kim ton
-Trong thi cng: chiu dy lp mt ng c xc nh thng qua th tch vt liu ri, h
s ri rc ca vt liu ri v din tch ca lp vt liu cn xc nh chiu dy .
-Trong nghim thu : Ngi ta khoan mu v kim tra chiu dy cc lp.
Cu 19.Ti sao quy nh chiu dy ln nht, nh nht ca lp kt cu mt ng?
bo m iu kin lm vic tt v m bo thi cng thun li, b dy cc lp kt cu
thit k khng c nh hn b dy ti thiu, ng thi thch hp vi vic phn chia lp
sao cho khng vt qu b dy ln nht m nn c hiu qu v khng phi chia thnh
nhiu lp thi cng.
Cu 20.Nghim thu mt ng dm?


-Kch thc : o h kim tra tim pngf c 2 bn mp li vo 0,6m kim tra cc
ni dung :
B rng 10cm; chiu dy 10% v khng qu 2cm; cao ; dc dc; dc taluy;
bng phng
-Cng : + o E ( o bng tm p tnh)
+ CBR ( nu cn )
Cu 21+22. Yu cu vt liu,trnh t thi cng mt ng cp phi?
1/Cp phi dm:
*Yu cu vt liu :
-Thnh phn ht m bo yu cu ( nm trong cu khoai tiu chun). Ch s LA 40
(CPD I) v
LA 30 ( CPD II)
-Ch s do ( ch dng cho cpd loi II : I
P
6%
-Ch s CBR 80 %( c) v 100% ( mi ).
-Modun n hi E 250 Mpa ( II) v 320 Mpa (I)
-Hm lng ht dt ko qu 5% theo khi lng.
*Trnh t thi cng :
-Chun b lng ng
-Vn chuyn vt liu : Ch khng phn tng(chiu cao VL ko qu 0,5m)
-San ri vl :CP loi I bt buc phi dng my ri, CP loi II c th dng my san .
-m nn: m 2 g( lu s b, lu cht) i vi lp mng; v m 3 g( thm hon thin )
vi lp mt hoc mng trn.
-Bo dng: Ti nha v t ct. Nu l CPD gia c xm th 7 ngy mi c thi cng tip
v 14 ngy mi cho xe bt u chy chm c.
2/Cp phi t nhin:
*Yu cu vt liu :
-Thnh phn ht nm trong phm vi cho php
-Ch s do v gii hn chy khng ch thnh phn ht st
-Ch s LA nh gi mi mn ca VL.
*Trnh t thi cng: ging CPD.
3/Cp phi dm gia c XM:
*Yu cu vt liu :


-CPD ging nh trn
-Xi mng: +XM pooc lng mc 30- 40 Mpa
+Thi gian ninh kt ti thiu 2h.
-Nc : nc sch, ko ln hu c, du m
*Trnh t thi cng:
-Chun b lng ng.
-Vn chuyn vl:dng t t c dng c che( bt)
-San ri: dng my ri ri, ch c ri khi lp dng vn khun, lp pha di lp
CPD gia c XM phi c ti m nc.
-m nn : m nn CPD gcxm m tt nht; hh ri ra ko c qu 30p ri mi
lu; c th b qua g lu s b m tin hnh lu cht lun; kt thc lu khi XM bt u ninh
kt.
-Bo dng : Sau ti a 4h k t lc lu xong phi ph kn b mt CPD gcxm bo
dng( ti nha hoc ph ct dy 5cm); Sau t nht 7 ngy mi c thi cng lp tip
theo; Sau ti thiu 14 ngy mi c thng xe vi V<= 30km/h cho n 28 ngy.
Cu 23. Cc giai on lu ln mt ng dm?
* dm tiu chun : Lu s b( lu 5-6T, V = 1.5km/h, 10-15% cng lu) => Lu cht(lu
bnh thp 8 -10T, V = 2-3km/h,65-75% cng lu) => Lu hon thin(lu 8-12T, V =
3km/h,10-15% cng lu) ( ch ng khi lm lp mng trn hoc lp mt)
*CPD : Lu s b(lu tnh 6-8T, V = 2-3km/h, lu 3-4 lt/im) => Lu cht(Lu rung 6-
8T,6-8 lt/im,V=2-4km/h, sau lu lp 10-16T,10-12 lt/im,V =2-4km/h) => Lu
hon thin (Lu bnh thp 6-10T,lu 3-4 lt/im,V=3-6km/h, ch ng khi lm lp mng
trn hoc lp mt)
Cu 24. So snh 3 loi thm nhp nha (su,nng, bn thm nhp)?
-Mt ng thm nhp nha nng: lp mt dy 4-5cm v ti thm ht chiu dy lp mt
ng
-Mt ng thm nhp nha su: mt ng dy 6-8cm v ti thm ht chiu dy lp
mt ng.
-Bn thm nhp nha: Lp mt dy 8-15cm, ch ti nha thm 4-8cm.
Cu 25. Cn c chn tc thi cng dy chuyn mt ng BT nha nng?


-Vn tc lp mng c xc nh thng qua tnh ton vn tc dy chuyn, m bo
tin vn tc thi cng thng c ly ln hn gi tr tnh ton v ph hp vi tnh
hnh thc t. Vn tc lp mt >= vn tc lp mng.
Cu 26. Cu to mt ng BTXM?
Gm 3 lp:lp mng,lp to phng,lp mt
Cu 27. Nguyn tc chung chn cu to mt ng?
1/V mt k thut:
-Cn c vo cp ng tnh ton c( thi gian tk, s trc xe tch ly,..)
-Do ng sut ti trng gim dn theo chiu sau nn ph hp vi s chu lc th
KCAD nn lm bng nhiu lp VL v c cng gim dn theo chiu su.
-Lp trn chu lc thng ng cng nh lc ngang ln, ng thi cng l lp chu s tc
dng trc tip ca cc tc nhn khc nh kh hu nn thng lm bng vl c cng
cao v c cht dnh kt.
-Chn KCAD sao cho cng ngh thi cng l n gin nht.
-m bo cc k bng phng,m thun,thot nc
-KCAD ph hp vi k lm vic thc t ti v tr ng i qua( kh hu, ch thy
nhit..)
2/V kinh t :
-VL lp trn t tin nn thng thit k vi chiu dy nh(ti thiu)
-VL cc lp di c gng tn dng vt liu a phng( CPD i)
Cu 28. Xc nh cht mt ng cp phi?
Kim tra bng pp rt ct.
Cu 29. Nu ni dung v gii thch cc chi ph khc trong ton XDCB?
Tr li:
Bao gm: -Chi ph lm ln tri ( ch n cho cn b, cng nhn trong qu trnh thi
cng tuyn)
-Chi ph ks lp DA
-Chi ph lp DA
-Chi ph khi cng
-Chi ban QLDA khc
-Chi ph lp h s hon cng
-Mua bo him CT


-Chi ph thm tra
Cu 30. Cch xc nh E
0
a vo thit k?
1/PP nn mu n hng t do:
-Mu tn hn tr dxh = 5x5cm c ly nguyn dng t nn ng va thi cng xong hoc
ti nn ng c(v ng nng cp ci to) tng ng vi trng thi bt li nht v
m( ly mu bng dao ai).
-Cng c th ch b mu trong phog vi cht bng cht thc t khi nn ng
lm vic v c m tng ng m bt li.
-Nn vi bn nn 5cm,nn tnh.
-Tng ti 1 cp cho n 2-2,5daN/cm
2
v ch cho bd ca mu coi nh dng, c tr s
trn ng h o bd L
1
, d ti hon ton v theo di s phc hi bd,khi phc hi coi nh
dng c c L
2
.
E
h
=
H P.
(daN/cm
2
), = L1-L2, cm
Th nghim vi 3 mu ri ly gi tr TB, a vo tnh ton E
o
= K
n
.E
h
, K
n
l h s
chuyn i
2/PP hn ch n hng:
c mu trong ci CBR, cht tng ng cht t ngoi hin trng.
Gia ti 4-5 cp n 2-2,5daN/cm
2
. Xc nh bd ti p lc ln nht (2-2,5daN/cm
2
) ta c
= L1-L2
E
h
=
) 1 ( .
.
4
2
D P
, hs pooat xng = 0,35.
3/PP xc nh E
h
ngoi hin trng:
Cu 31. Ti sao phi m rng bng ng cong. Cch b tr m rng?
*Khi xe chy trn ng cong mi bnh xe chuyn ng theo mt qu o ring: trc sau
c nh lun lun hng tm cn bnh trc hp vi trc sau mt gc, nn xe yu cu
mt chiu rng ln hn trn ng thng. V vy m bo trn ng cong tng
ng nh trn ng thng cc ng cong c bn knh nh ([ 250 m theo TCVN
4054 - 05) s phi m rng thm phn xe chy.
*Cch b tr:
-B tr m rng trn sut chiu di ng cong trn.
-B tr lng ng cong(TH kh khn cho php b tr bng)


-B tr on ni m rng trng vi on chuyn tip ca ng cong, nu ko c c
chuyn tip th b tr 1 na trn t, mt na trn ng cong.
Cu 32. Nguyn tc chung thit k trc dc ng?
-Dng cc dc b v t thay i dc( 0,5% <= i
d
<= 5% )
- dc trong nn o khng nh hn 0.5%. Vai ng cao hn mc nc ngp thng
xuyn 0.5m
-Khi lng o p t v xp s bng nhau.
-Phi hp cht ch gia bnh , trc dc, trc ngang quyt nh cao ng .
-Phi m bo cao ca cc im khng ch trn tuyt gm:
+im u,im cui.
+im giao ct vi ng st, ng t cp cao hn
+Cc v tr cng trnh thot nc.
Cu 33. Bin php x l khi thit k thi cng nn p cao?
-Khi i
n
< 20% : ry c v o b lp hu c sau p t ln
-Khi 20% <= i
n
<= 50% th nh cp m bo cho nn t n nh.
-Khi i
n
>= 50% : xy tng chn.
Cu 34. Cc pp xc nh nhm ca mt ng?
nhm c nhm v m( c hnh thnh bi th nm ca cc vin v kch c,hnh
dng ca chng) v nhm vi m( l nhm b mt ca tng ht ct liu)
1/Nhm cc PP nh gi cu trc mt ng:
-PP rc ct : dng ct kh sch, dng bn xoa xoa ct thnh dng hnh trn sao cho ct
lp y cc l rng ca mt ng n ngang vi , o ng knh vng trn, ta tnh c
chiu su TB ct H(mm)
-PP dng thit b o cu trc b mt MTM: dng nh sng
2/Nhm cc PP xc nh h s sc cn ma st ca mt ng:
-PP o c ly hm xe:
-PP hm bnh xe r mooc ko theo
-PP dng r mooc ko theo c bnh chuyn ng lch
-PP dng con lc Anh.
3/nh gi qua ch s khng trt quc t IFI
Cu 35. Ni dung KS a cht trong thit k k thut?


1/Chun b KS : Nghin cu cc VB ph duyt, H thng ha cc ti liu g trc,
Nghin cu cc vn cn tn ti g trc, lp k hoch KS.
2/KS nn ng:
*Nn ng thng thng:
-P.vi o v:trn di bng rng 100 m
-Thm d bng cc l khoan,thng thng 1km b tr 2 l khoan xen k vo cc l khoan
g trc, chiu su 5-7m
*Nn ng c bit:
-Sau khi khoanh vng,cn t.hnh tra:thm d bng cc l khoan cch nhau 50-100m
trn tim tuyn(t.hp c bit c th ngn hn). C 200m t.hnh 1 m/c CCT trn c 3
l khoan. su l khoan phi su ht lp t yu. Khi c k c th t.hnh TN ct cnh
h.trng
-Vic ly mu v TN cc ch tiu c l ca t yu phi thn trng BV tnh nguyn dng
ca mu & chn s TN ct cho ph hp
*Nn ng ngp nc & ng qua bi sng
-T.hnh nh nn ng p thng thng nhng ch cc v sau:
X bn vng ca t nn
X cc yu t TV c a/hng n n nh cu mi dc
Tm kim cc t p c CL t.hp khi ngm nc,cng nh cc gii php k,CT phng
h
*Nn ng o su:
-Nn o su l nn khi t/cng mi dc c chiu cao hn 12 m c ch ra trong g
DAKT
MKS:pht hin xem phi t/cng trong tng t c n nh ntn?
Cc ND cn sng t:
.vi vng cng,n nh: X chiu dy tng ph, n nh ca tng ph,
2

/cht,t/vn
/vi vng cng & na cng nt n,v vn: X th nm ca ,m nt n &
hng nt n
/vi nhng on t st ko n nh: xem xt cc k a mo,C,TV,tnh n nh
nc v c bit l tnh trng n


-C.tc thm d c t.hnh c bit vi cc l khoan cch nhau t 50-100 m. Cch 100 m
b tr 1 m/ct CCT vi 3 l khoan. C.su l khoan ty thuc vo b dy tng ph. Ko
cn thit phi khoan ti cao ng
*Nn ng p cao
-Nn p cao l nn c chiu cao p trn 12 m
-C.tc o v CCT nh vi nn ng thng thng,vic thm d cc l khoan trn tim
tuyn vi c li 50-100 m
M ch yu ca c.tc khoan l pht hin tng t yu
*on ng d kin XD tng chn & tng phng h
-M:
X k/nng chu ti ca nn TN
X c/su gc & su t mng cng trnh
-Vic thm d c t.hnh bng nhng l khoan trn tim cng trnh d kin & trn cc
MCN CCT. C li gia cc l khoan t 10-15m trn tim CT. Trn MCN,c ly l khoan
t 5-10m. su l khoan phi ti gc hoc vo tn chu lc 5m

Cu 36. Cn c chn cp hng ng?
-chc nng, ngha
-a hnh
-lu lng xe thit k( l s xe con quy i t cc loi xe khc)
-tc tnh ton
Cu 37. c im ca tuyn qua vng dn c?
-.bo GT t.li & nhanh nht gia cc KV dn c
-Phi c MCN rng b.tr h.thng KT(in,thng tin,cp thot nc)
-Phi phi hp hi ha vi cc CT k.trc xung quanh
Cu 38. Nguyn tc chung nh tuyn qua o?
Phi t 1 nh ca ng cong ng li trn nh o
Cu 39. Th no l tn sut thit k thy vn, quy nh trong cu, cng, nn?
Tn sut thit k thy vn P% l ch trong thi gian 100/P nm s c 1 hin tng thy
vn( ma, l) t mc nc nh thit k.
Cu 40. Cch xc nh lu lng?


p dng quy trnh 22TCN 220-95 xc nh lu lng dng chy thng qua din tch
lu vc v lng ma.
Cu 41. Cc PP kho st thy vn?
1/ iu tra ti cc trm kh tng thy vn
2/Hi nhng ngi cao tui cn minh mn
ND iu tra: Mc nc cao nht, thi gian xut hin, nguyn nhn xut hin, iu tra
mc nc thng xuyn.
Cu 42. Cc im khng ch khi thit k ng ?
1/im khng ch bt buc: +im u, im cui tuyn
+im giao ct vi ng st, ng t cp cao hn
+Cao khu dn c, th
+im vt o yn nga (!!!!)
2/im khng ch gii hn:
Cao ng phi m bo gii hn nht nh:
+Vng ngp nc
+V tr t cc cng trnh thot nc
Cu 43. Cc PP nng siu cao, u nhc im?
C 3 PP:
-Quay quanh tim ng:
+u: cao tim ng gi nguyn
+Nhc: Gim cao vai ng, kh khn ni c nc ngp, s dng nhiu cho
ng thnh ph.
-Quay quanh mp l xe chy:
+u: khng phi o b vai ng
+Nhc: to dc dc( v thay i cao tim tuyn)
-Quay quanh trc o: t s dng trong ng c gii phn cch.
*** Khi s dng PP quay quanh mp cao ng ly mp,khi v trc dc phi xt
n yu t thay i cao trn trc dc.
Cu 44. Trnh t thi cng? Nhng ch khi thi cng mt ng BTN nng?
*Trnh t thi cng:
A,Ch to BTN:
+Nha c un ln 140
o
150
o
C


+Bt ngui
+, ct sy nng: 180 200
o
C
B,K thi cng: khng ma v nhit ngoi tri ko nh hn 5
o
C
C,Chun b lp mng :
+Lm sch v kh v bng phng lp mng
+Sa cha,v g,b vnh mt ng c
+Ti nha dnh bm.
D,Vn chuyn:
-Xe vn chuyn phi c bt che
-Dng t t vn chuyn
-Trc khi hh vo my ri phi kt nhit bng nhit k.
E,San ri vt liu:
-Ch c ri bng my ri( tr TH phm vi thi cng qu hp)
-Nn sd 2-3 my ri hot ng ng thi trn 2-3 vt ri, cc my ri cch nhau trc sau
15m
-Nu dng 1 my ri th nn ri theo PP so le, chiu di mi on ri 25-80m ty thuc
nhit lc ri.
-Khe ni dc gia BTN lp trn v lp di cch nhau t nht 20cm, khe ni ngang cch
nhau t nht 1m.
F, Lu ln:
S dng cc t hp lu: Bnh cng + lu rung
Lu lp + lu rung
Lu lp + bnh cng ( hay dng)
*Nhng lu khi thi cng:
-Nhit thi cng: ch thi cng khi tri ko ma, nhit ngoi tri ko nh hn 5
o
C;
-Ch thi cng tt mi ni ngang v mi ni dc
-m bo dnh bm gia 2 lp lin k.
Cu 45. Cc bc o cao, dng c o cao, chnh xc?
1/o cao tng qut: Xc nh cao cc mc trn tuyn ng. o 2 ln i v v. s
dng pp o cao t gia.


Sai s cho php : f
ho
f
hcp
. Trong : f
hcp
= 20 ) (km L (mm) i vi a hnh ng
bng
f
hcp
= 30 ) (km L (mm) i vi a hnh phc to
2/o cao chi tit: Nhm xc nh cao cc cc trn tim tuyn.
PP o: Ngm ta ( s c sau, trc, ta)
Sai s cho php: f
ho
f
hcp
. Trong : f
hcp
= 50 ) (km L (mm)
*Dng c o : My thy bnh, Mia nhm.
Thc t by h ng ta c th dng my kinh v.
Cu 46. Cc bc kho st thit k tuyn?
1/Cc bc kho st:
-Cng tc chun b trong phng
-Cng tc th st, o c ngoi thc a: th st, o c(nh nh, o gc, o di, o
cao)
-Cng tc kho st: +Cng trnh trn tuyn
+Thy vn dc tuyn
+Kho st a cht
+Kho st m vt liu
+Kho st mi trng
2/Cng tc thit k:
-T cc thng s u vo xc nh ch tiu k thut, cp hng ca ng
-Thit k tuyn trn bnh
-Thit k trc dc: Cc im khng ch, dc, .
-Thit k trc ngang:
-Thit k KC mt ng:
-Thit k cc cng trnh ph tr, an ton GT.
Cu 47. Cc bc KSC cng trnh ?
1/Chun b kho st: ( ch c trong KSTKKT hoc TKKT-TC)
2/Kho st a cht nn ng: Nn ng thng thng. nn t yu, nn ng ngp
nc v ng qua bi sng, nn ng o su, nn ng p cao, on d kin xy
tng chn, tng phng h
3/KSC cho cng : ly mu theo quy nh thng thng


4/KSC cho cu nh:Khoan ly mu, tn dng cc l khoan trong g trc
5/KSC cho cu trung v cu ln
6/KS cc m vt liu xy dng.
Cu 48.Cc bc thi cng cng?
(ging cu 1 )
Cu 49. Trnh t thit k cng ?
-Da trn bnh xc nh ng phn thy
-Khoanh v tnh din th lu vc
-Xc nh lu lng Q
-Chn loi cng( c p hay ko p) trn hay ch nht
-p cng vo trc ngang .
-Thit k chi tit cu to( tk gia c cng, sn cng, cu to ct thp, mng cng..)
(Ch : i vi cng vm,cng hp th ta phi xc nh s b ri chn loi cng)
S dng cng bn khi lu lng nc ln v s dng cng trn khi lu lng nc nh.
Cu 50. Ti sao phi b tr ng cong chuyn tip ?
Khi xe chy trn ng thng th bn knh qu o ca xe l v cng nn lc ly tm bng
0.Khi xe chy vo ng cong bn knh R th lc ly tm t ngt thay i khc 0. ng
cong chuyn tip c tc dng lm cho bn knh qu o ca xe thay i dn t v cng
v R lm cho lc ly tm tc dng ln xe tng 1 cch t t xe s di chuyn m thun v an
ton.
Cu 51. Mc ch, tc dng ca ng cong chuyn tip ( trng cu 50)
Cu 52. Quy nh b tr ni tip trong ng cong chuyn tip?
- Khi V
tk
60 km/h phi b tr ng cong chuyn tip ni t ng thng vo ng
cong trn v ngc li.
-B tr ng cong chuyn tip phi m bo:
+Vn tc xe chy trn ng thng v ng cong phi ko i
+Qu o ng cong chuyn tip phi trng qu o xe chy trn ng cong.
Cu 53. Ti sao phi trit gim dc trn ng cong?
Trn ng cong bng c bk nh, dc thc t s tng ln,bi v:
Trong C c b.tr siu cao,tng hnh hc ca dc scao & dc dc s ln hn
dc d nh ad


Cng khc phc chnh cao nhng chiu di bng C ngn hn tim
ng nn dc dc mp trong s ln hn dc dc tim ng
Cu 54. PP kho st tr lng m vt liu?
-PP Trung bnh s hc: Ly b dy trung bnh ca cc lp vt liu o c cc l khoan
nhn vi din tch ca n.
-PP mt ct song song: Chia m bng cc mt ct song song, mi mt ct c b tr cc
h o, khi lng cc bng din tch hu ch mi mt ct nhn vi khong cch gia
chng.
-PP a gic: din tch m c chia thnh cc tam gic c nh l cc l khoan, th tch mi
khi m tam gic c xc nh bng din tch ca tam gic nhn vi b dy trung bnh ca
lp hu ch.
Cu 55. Cch nh gi mt cp phi mang ra thi cng?
-nh gi v mt cp phi( thnh phn ht)
-nh gi v cc ch tiu c l ( LA, ch s chy,do, cng , .)
-nh gi v sch

Cu 56. C my PP xc nh tm nhn?
C 4 PP xc nh tm nhn:
-Xc nh tm nhn theo s 1(tm nhn 1 chiu): S
1
= l
p
+ S
h
+ l
o

-Xc nh tm nhn theo s 2 ( tm nhn 2 chiu): S
2
= l
p1
+ S
h1
+l
p2
+ S
h2
+ l
o

-Xc nh tm nhn theo s 3(tm nhn trnh xe ngc chiu):
3 0
.
1,8
4 a r l
V
S + = + , m
-Xc nh tm nhn theo s 4(tm nhn vt xe): TH bnh thng S
4
=6.V;Cng bc
S
4
=4.V
Cu 57. S dng tm nhn 2 chiu trong thit k?
p dng cho cc ng khng c di phn cch trung tm v tnh ton bn knh
ng cong ng.(ng cong ng).
Cu 58. Khi no dng phng php ng bao tia nhn?
Cu 59. Cc bc o di?
1/o di tng qut: cm cc cc nh ca gc chuyn hng tuyn, o 2 ln i v v


Sai s cho php: L L
1000
1
( ng bng)
L L
500
1
( min ni )
L: sai s 2 ln o
2/o di chi tit: xc nh khong cch gia cc cc chi tit trn tuyn: o 1 ln
Sai s cho php:
500
1
TQ
S
S

Trong : S = |S
TQ
S
CT
|
Cu 60. H s cn lp trong bc thit k k thut?
*Tng lun
*nh gi kinh t-k thut
*H s thit k nn ng
*H s thit k mt ng
*H s cng trnh thot nc
*H s cc cng trnh khc
*Lp tng d ton.
-Thuyt minh chung v cng tc kho st tuyn
-Thuyt minh v kho st CCT
-Thuyt minh v KS thy vn
-Thuyt minh v cc m vt liu xy dng
-Bnh cao tuyn t l 1/1000-1/2000
-Trc dc tuyn t l 1/100-1/1000 hoc 1/200-1/2000 c mt ct a cht
-Trc ngang t l 1/200
-Bn tng hp khu vc t nc.
-Bng tnh cc lu lng, khu cc cng trnh thot nc nh
-Thng k cc du
-Bnh dui thng cc v tr cc m vt liu xy dng
-Thng k rung t b chim dng
-Thng k nh ca v cc loi cng trnh phi di chuyn
-Thng k khi lng cht cy, dy c


-Thng k mc cao
-Thng k cc ng giao
-Thng k cc loi cng trnh thot nc
-Thng k cc v tr d kin lm nh phc v khai thc.
Cu 61. H s cn lp trong bc thit k bn v thi cng?
-Bo co thuyt minh tng hp
-Cc bn v thi cng
-Ph lc
B sung v chi tit ha bc TKKT.
Cu 62. H s cn lp trong bc lp d n kh thi ?
Cu 63. Cc bin php x l nn t yu?
-Xy dng nn p theo giai on
-Tng chiu rng nn ng, lm b phn p
-o b 1 phn t yu
-Gim trng lng nn p: gim chiu cao p, dng vt liu nh p
-Gia ti tm thi: ch p dng khi chiu cao ti hn cao hn nhiu so vi chiu cao thit
k.
-Lm lp m ct
-p t trn b
-Cc bin php tng tc c kt cho t nn : cc ct, bc thm, rnh ct
Cu 64. Khi no khng s dng c bin php cc ct?
Khi c lp than bn dy hoc c nc ngm.
Cu 65. K s dng cc ct bc thm?
. Cc g.php dng PT thot nc c kt thng ng thng ch ad khi tng t yu dy(
b dy tng t yu vt qu b rng y nn p) & nn p cao. V gi thnh XD cao
nn thng ad khi cc g.php khc ko th b.m c t/chun v phn ln c kt cn li
S trong thi hn thi cng
Cu 66. Cc ch tiu so snh phng n tuyn ch tiu no quan trng nht?
Ch tiu v k thut kaf qua trng nht( m bo qua cc im khng ch 1 cch hp l,
c c cc thng s k thut ph hp, hng tuyn p..)
Cu 67. Th no l chiu di o?


Khi s
2
2 PA theo cc ch tiu k.thc cn phi c
2
vo c.di ca mi PA. C.di mi PA c
dc khc nhau u c a v c.di ko dc xem xt k xe chy trn 2 PA l nh nha.
PA no c c.di c .chnh thnh c.di ko dc nh hn s l PA c /. C.di ko dc
c i nh vy gi l c.di o
Khi xe chy trn ng bng th tiu hao cng l nh nhau,& nh vy tiu hao xng du
l nh nhau
Khi 2PA,c 1 PA c c.di o ln hn th tiu hao xng du s nhiu hn
Cu 68. p cng cu to vo mt ct ngang nh th no?
Cu 69. Cc lu khi thi cng mt ng BTN?
Ging cu 44.
Cu 70. Trnh t, ni dung b tr on ni siu cao quanh mp trong?
-Quay mi bn lng ng cong quanh tim ng t dc i
n

-Nng dn mi lng mt ng quanh tim ng t cng dc vi mi bng
-Nng ton b 2 mi quanh mp ng pha bng ng cong n khi t i
sc
.
Cu 71. Cch lp bnh k thut?
-Nhn s liu KS: c 2 cch nhn s liu KS, cch 1 nhp th cng t s liu o c ti
tng mt ct ngang, cch 2 nhn s liu t file nhp sn .NTD
-S dng phn mm nova ta c c bnh s b khu vc v tuyn, kho sat thc a v
chn thm cc yu t a hnh a vt.
Cu 72. Yu cu vt liu, trnh t thi cng lp lng nha?
Tr li:
*Yu cu vt liu :
a/: - gc l C1-C3
-LA khng ln hn 25-35%( i vi mc ma - trm tch)
-Kch c :5-20mm v tuyt i ko c ln dm <5mm
b/Nha:
- kim ln : 40-90, tt nht l 60/70
- ko di: >= 40cm 25
o
C
-Nhit ha mm: >48
o
C
-Nhit bt la >210
o
C

*Trnh t thi cng:


a/Ti nha:
-C th thi cng bng th cng hoc my ti nha
-Lng nha ti sai s ko qu 5%
-Khi thi cng cc on c dc dc >4% th thi cng t chn dc n nh dc.
-Khi thi cng ti nha nhiu lp th cc vt ni do ti nha gia cc lp nn b tr so
le nhau.
b/Ri :Ri bng my hoc th cng, ri ngay sau khi ti, chm nht l 3P
c/Lu ln: Dng lu bnh lp hoc bnh thp ( 6-8T)
Cu 73. Ni dung d ton?
Cn lp v ch r c cc loi bng sau:
Bng lng; gi ca my sau b nhin liu, ..tng d ton, tng mc u t.(
khc tng d ton ch c thm chi ph GPMB)
Cu 74. B tr h thng thot nc nh th no?
Trc ht tin hnh quy hoch tng th h thng thot nc hon chnh bao gm cc loi
cng trnh thot nc nh rnh nh, rnh bin, rnh tp trung nc, cu, cng, rnh thot
nc ngm, thng u, b bc hi, v.v... cc cng trnh ny phi phi hp cht ch vi
nhau. V tr, kch thc, kt cu ca cc cng trnh thot nc hp l v ph hp quy
hoch thot nc chung ca khu vc, m bo hiu qu s dng cao v gi thnh h.
Vic b tr cc mng rnh thot nc nn ng phi m bo tp trung thu n nc
khng nc t do chy v nn ng, phi kt hp vi vic b tr cu cng thot nc
qua ng, xc nh hng thot nc ca cc mng rnh v cu cng hoc sng sui,
c cc bin php ni tip gia cc rnh thot nc vi cu cng hay sng sui. Ngc li
khi b tr cu cng phi xt ti yu cu thot nc nhanh t cc mng rnh.
Vic b tr cc cng trnh thot nc trn ng phi xt ti yu cu ti tiu. ng thi
tnh n vic thot nc l sau khi xy dng ng.
Cu 75. Mt ct a cht trong trc ngang?
Cu 76. Cc giai on thit k ng?
-Nm qua tnh hnh chung ca a bn tuyn i qua
-Vch tuyn trn bnh
-Ln trc dc , trc ngang, phi hp vi bnh c nhng iu chnh cho hp l


-Thit k cc cng trinhg thot nc( cu cng)
-Thit k KCA
-Tnh ton khi lng o p.
Cu 77: Hy gii thch l do dng hn hp dm trn nha ri ngui .
-HHD trn nha ri ngui:nhit lc ri = nhit ko kh khong 25
o
C
-T.hp sd:
+Dng khi caand gia cng mng c( xo xi lp dm hay CP si sn ln ri dng
nha x l,hoc khi cn gia cng m c)
+Lm mng v mt ng mi khi c k sd VL ti ch( nh l c m CPTN gn ni
XD) nng cao hiu qu KT do gim gi thnh vn chuyn
Cu 79: Phn bit tnh hnh chu lc ca mt ng cng v mm .
*Mt ng mm:
-T
2
xe chy td ln m c
2
l 1 lc td t ngt,tc thi & trng phc nhiu ln. Ngoi
ra khi xe chy trn m ko bng phng li sinh them lc xung kch. T
2
xe xhayj vi nhng
2
k trn c nh hng rt ln n s lm vic ca t nn v cc lp o ng ( l
nhng VL c tnh .hi,nht,do) c th l nh hng n tr s bin dng v kh nng
chng b.dng ca chng
-Di td ca t
2
x chy,khi t n cng g,hn trong KCADM s xy ra h.tng:
Ngay di mt txuc ca bxe vi m & t nn s b nn,xquanh ch txuc s pht sinh
trt do(do wss ct) & trn m s pht sinh cc ng nt hng tm bao trn,xa hn 1
cht VL thng b y tri ln,m c th b gy v & phn y m s b nt do ko.
Di ts ca t
2
bxe m s hnh thnh chu vng vi ln ngay tm bxe l ln nht.
*Mt ng cng:
-Di td ca t
2
xe chy,do tm BT c cng ln hn nhiu so vi mng & nn t
nn tm s chu un & nu tm ko dy th tm s b nt dc hoc ngang gia tm
hoc nt cnh tm


-V phi ctao khe nn nc s thm qua khe xung mng v nn t,lm cng
mng v nn t b gim yu nn d pht sinh tch ly bdang do ln cn gc v cnh
tm,to thnh s txuc ko tt gia tm v mng ti gy ra hin tng cp knh,b hiu
ng conxon & b pht bn t khe ln
-Td trng phc ca t
2
s lm VLBTXM b mi khin cng chu ko un & tui th
ca BT b gim & tm cng s b ph hoi v nt sau khi chu 1 s ln xe chy nht nh
-Lc ngang gia bxe & m gy ra cc td ln m nh bo mn,bong trc b mt lm l ct
liu trong BT dn n ph hoi tm BT
-Ngoi ra cn phi xt n td ca n.
Cu 80: Cc ch nc chy trong cng .
-Cng chy ko p: chiu su mc nc ca vo nh hn chiu cao ming cng,mc
nc trn ton chiu di cng thng ko txuc vi nh cng. Phn ln cc cng thuc
loi ny.
-Cng chy bn p: chiu su mc nc ca vo tuy ln hn so vi chiu cao ca cng
nhng nc ch chy ngp ming m ko ngp trn ton chiu di cng.
-Cng chy c p:chiu su mc nc ca vo ln hn chiu cao ca cng,d/chy
trong p/vi ton c/di cng u chy u,ko c mt t do. Thng sd nhng v.tr c sui
su,nn ng p cao & ko gy ngp lt cho ng rung
-Cng xi-phng; thng dng khi m p thp,MN 2 bn ng u cao hn ca cng
v nht l khi tuyn ng ct qua cc mng ti thy li. Ca vo ca cng xi phng
phi b.tr theo kiu ging thng ng. Cng xi phng phi b.m ko b thm lu nc ra
ngoi
Cu 81: .Kho st nng cp mt tuyn ng
ND c.tc KS nng cp bao gm:
-Phng tuyn nh nh


-o gc cc nh
-ng cc cc ng cong
-ng cc cc chi tit,cc H,cc Km v o di
-o cao
-o hnh ct ngang ng
-o c lp bnh cc KV .bit nh ng giao,k,ngp lt
-o c .k cu cng c
-o c .tra T.vn dc tuyn
-KS DCCT
-.tra t.hnh nguyn VLXD nn mt ng dc tuyn
Cu 83: Cc phng php o cng mt ng nh th no
*P
2
ph hoi K.cu: theo p
2
ny ngta t.hnh khoan ly mu trong cc lp k.cu ca m ri
thng qua cc TN trong phng x cc thng s t
2
,t d bo n.lc chu ti ca k.cu.
Do ko th ;y qu nhiu mu trn m nn cc thng s p/nh tnh trng m thng qua cc
TN thng mang t/cht cc b
*P
2
ko ph hoi k.cu: C. m c q.h TLN vi vng thng ng ln nht di td
ca ti trng ng .bit
-Cn o kiu Benkenman: o vng .hi hoc tng vng b.mt
ng di td ca t
2
bxe kp pha sau ca 1 xe ti C chm
-P
2
o vng .hi bng t.b FWD: FWD l 1 t.b o vng kiu xung
lc,n c k.nng gy ra 1 t
2
ng dng xung trn m nh td ca 1 qu
nng ri cao X xung m.t. vng ca m do td ca t
2
ng gy ra
s c cc u o ghi li, s l c s t
2
m.un .hi ng thng qua cc
chng trnh tnh ton


Cu 84: Din thi cng hp l ca dy chuyn tng hp
-Din thi cng ca dy chuyn t.hp hay c.di dy chuyn t.hp(L) l c.di trn t.c
cc .v chuyn nghip thuc du chuyn t.hp ng thi cng trin khai H
-L cng di th K.lng c.tc d dang cng ln,cng d pht sinh them k.lng do
a/hng ca thi tit,ng thi cc on ng cng b chm a vo sd. Do nn c
gng TKTCTC sao cho chiu di dy chuyn t.hp cng ngn cng tt!
Cu 85: Th no l thi gian khai trin hon tt
-T.k khai trin dy chuyn T
kt
: l t.gian cn thit ln lt a t.b cc PTSX vo H
theo ng trnh t ca q.trnh C.ngh t/cng
-Vi d.chuyn chuyn nghip th T
kt
l t.gian k t khi my (hoc ngi) cui cng ca
.v chuyn nghip b.u lm vic v thng bng t vi gi n 3-4ca
-Vi dy chuyn t.hp th T
kt
l t.gian k t lc dy chuyn chuyn nghip .tin b.u
trin khai n khi dy chuyn chuyn nghip cui cng trong dy chuyn t.hp b.u H
Cu 86: Ti sao khng thit k cng bn
-Vi cng 1 din tch thot nc th cng trn c b.knh nh nht
-Cng bn kh thi cng,gi thnh t
Cu 87: KS nng cp khc KS ng mi
*KS ng mi:
-Chn tuyn,nh nh
-Pht tuyn,cuc n,phng thng
-o gc cc nh
-Tnh ton cm .cong & on ni .cong
-Ri cc v cm cc c.tit


-o di(TQ & c.tit)
-o cao( TQ & c.tit)
-o Tngang
-o c lp bnh c.tit cc v tr KV cn thit
-KSC & TN h.trng
-.tra T.vn
-tra a mo.rung t,cy c
-tra VLXD
*KS nng cp: vic nng cp ng c nhm nng cao cp hng KT ca n bng cch
XD li ng theo TCKT mi cao hn.do c.tc KS b.gm cc ND sau:(cu 81)
Cu 89: Cn c vo u chn hng thi cng
-Chn hng t/cng thng phi c
2
vo k c th nh: V tr tuyn ng;cc im
dn c ng s i qua v y/cu v trnh t a ng vo sd;v.tr cc x nghip
ph;k.nng sd cc ng sn c v k.nng m tng on v/chuyn phc v
t/cng cng nh k.nng cung ng PTVC. Ngoi ra,do vic chn hng t/cng
thc cht cng l q.nh t/cng on no trc,on no sau,nn q.nh hng
t/cng cng phi c
2
vo t.hnh p.b KL c.tc dc tuyn .bit l KL tp trung( cu
ln,o su,p cao,qua ,qua ly) Nu c KL tp trung ln v 1 pha ca u
tuyn ng th hng t/cng ca DCTH nn b.tr t u pha kia .bo cho cc
dy chuyn chuyn nghip c th d.chuyn l.tc
-Ngoi ra nn chn hng t/cng t m VL i tranh th on ng h.thnh
lm ng v/chuyn phc v t/cng,do c th gim c chi ph XD ng tm
Cu 90: Mc ch v s lu


-TK s. lu .bo cc PT lu ln c t.hin cc thao tc t.li,t NS&CL lu ln
cao
- t
2
cc thng s lu ln,NS lu
-.bo AT trong q.trnh lu ln
Cu 91: Cn c chn bn knh ng cong bng
Chn bk CB phi t.mn cc y/cu sau:
-Ln hn cc g.tr g.hn
-P.hp vi .hnh,cng ln cng tt
-.bo n.tip gia cc C
-.bo b.tr c cc y/t ca c nh: chuyn tip,siu cao
-.bo phi hp hi ha cc y/t ca tuyn,phi hp tng ng vi cnh quan
Cu 92 :Dng s liu g v trc dc
-Cao cc cc chi tit,cao cc im khng ch
-Khong cach l gia cc cc
-Cc SL KSC
Cu 93: Nu phng php dao ai t cn
X m W bng cch dng cn t lm bay hi nc,thng dng ngoi h.trng.
Dng cn t v nhit khi t ko qu cao,ko lm chy,phn hy cc LK ca khong
vt
*T.b TN
-Cn KT, c/xc 0,1-0,01 g
-Cn CN 95
o



-Hp ng mu
-Bnh gi kh
*Trnh t TN
-Ly mu bng dao ai
-Cho mu t vo hp k.loi & em cn
- cn vo mu t vi KL va lm t b.mt mu
-Chm la cho chy cn. Khi la tt, them cn & t tip. t n khi KL mu
ko i
-y np kn, ngui,cn x KL
*X l KQ
W
m m
m m
=
0
0 1
.100%
Trong :
m- Kl hp mu c np
m
0
- KL t c sy kh+hp mu c np
m
1
- Kl ca t t+hp mu c np
Kq ca 1 ln x song song chnh lch nhua >10%W
tb
th phi tng s ln x
Cu 94: Ti sao ngi ta khng chn thi cng lp mt ng bng dm nha ri
nng .
Mun t/cng m dm trn nha ri nng c CL tt phi phi hp nhp nhng & ng
lc cc cng vic c.to dm trn nha theo t.b,vic chuyn ch ra h.trng,vic ri
ln lt tng kch c v m ln,lm t.no phi gi c nhit q.nh ca dm trn
nha khi ri


thi cng rt kh khn,nn t khi dng dm trn nha ri nng
Cu 95: Nguyn tc chn lu lu nn mt ng
Khi chn PT m nn phi xt ti cc y/t sau:
-Loi PT m nn phi ph hp vi loi VL c m nn
-Ti trng lu( p lc lu) phi ph hp vi tng g.on m nn
Cu 96: .iu kin b tr ng cong chuyn tip
Theo TC4054,cc ng c V
tt
> 60 km/h th phi b.tr CCT
T.dng:
-Thay i gc ngot ca bxe pha trc 1 cch t t t c gc quay cn thit
u DDC trn
-Gim m. tng lc li tm do trnh c h.tng ng trn xe b x ngang khi
vo CT
-Tuyn c dng hi ha,ln u ko b y khc,p.hp vi q.o thc t xe
chy,tng m. tin li m thun & AT xe chy
Cu 97: .iu kin p dng bin php thi cng dy chuyn
-Phi nh hnh ha cc c.trnh ca ng & c CN t/cng n nh
-KL c.tc phi p.b u trn ton tuyn
-Dng i my c t/phn ko t.i t/cng trn ton c.di tuyn ng
-Tng i & phn i t/cng chuyn nghip phi h.thnh KL c.tc giao trong t.hn
q.nh
-Phi cung cp kp thi & l.tc mi VL cn thit n ni sd theo ng y/cu ca cc
DCCN


Cu 99: Th no l on d tr , dn cch
-on d tr: l on trn ko b.tr PT may mc lm vic nhng li cn thit iu
chnh t. dy chuyn chuyn nghip khi gp nhng tr ngi t xut
-on gin cch:L on trn ko b.tr PT my mc lm vic,n c X theo y/cu
ca q.trnh KT t/cng
Cu 100: Mc ch lp tin thi cng theo gi
Lp TTC theo gi bng cch: ti 1 t.im no rn trc tung ca b.v tin chung
ging 1 ng song song vi trc honh,ng ny s ct cc ng b.din tin ca
cc q.trnh thao tc do cc t,i c lp ph trch,ct qua b.nhiu ng c ngha l ti
t.im c by nhiu t H;cng cc PT cng loi theo t/p & c cu ca cc t i
c.tc c n/cu t.b tng loi PT cn thit phc v cho t/cng ti t.im
Cu 102: Hy nu cch o di v o trc ngang
*o di
-C.tc o di phi t.hnh o TQ ring,o di TQ ng cc 100m(cc H). o TQ phi
t.hnh o 2 ln,sai s gia 2 ln o ko c vt qu sai s cho php sau:
L L
1000
1
- .vi vng .bng
L L
500
1
-.vi vng ni
Trong : L-Sai s gia 2 ln o(m)
L-C.di on o(m)
-C.tc o di c.tit X k/c gia cc cc c.tit,o di c.tit ch o 1 ln & khp vo cc
100m(cocH). Khi o di c.tit ly trn s n 5cm & sai s gia ln o di c.tit & TQ ko
c vt qu sai s cho php di y


L L
200
1

Trong : L-Sai s gia ln o c.tit &TQ trong cc H(m)
-Khi o di vng c dc phi t.hnh o trn mp nm ngang, thun tin & n gin
trong thc t KS c.tit cho php o nh sau:
Khi dc nh hn 2
o
cho php o di st theo m.t
Khi dc t 2
o
-20
o
dng mt c lng ko thc theo phng ngang
Khi dc hn 20
o
phi o bng thc ch A
*o tngang
-C.tc o TN c th t.hin bng thc ch A hoc bng my thy bnh. Pvi o c ti
thiu phi .bo g.hn TK khun nn ng & cc c.trnh lien quan n ng cng nh
g.hn g.phng m.bng
-TN phi o vung gc vi trc ng,trong C o theo ng hng tm. Khi o phi
quay lng v im XP & bn phi ca hng i l bn phi ca MCN,bn tri cng vy
Cu 104: Lp tin thi cng ch o cn lu g
-TKTCTC ch o do CQ TK m nhim & t.hnh trn c s ATK s b. V th
trong g.on ny cc v. v TCTC ni chung u cng ch gii quyt 1 cch s b,ch
yu l xut ng/tc & phng hng TQ m ko i su vo cc qq.trnh CN t/cng
-ND HSTKTCTC ch o phi c t/minh r rang,ng thi phi t/minh v p
2
TCTC
cng vi cc thng s ca n,v cc ch tiu KTKT ca ATCTC,v KL & b.php t/chc
.bo GT trong t.hp t/cng tuyn ng c nng cp ci to. KHi t.hn t/cng ko di
nhiu nm th cn d kin p.b KL & c.tc t/cng hang nm
Cu 105: Tnh thi gian hon vn


Thi gian hon vn(N) l c.tiu nh gi DA T c sd rng ri nht trong nn KT c
k.hoch,.bit l trong t.hoepj ko xt n vic chit khu ng tin trong cc t.gian khc
nhau
N l qung t.gian tnh bng nm m mi li ch tch ly li ca DA va bng tng CF ban
u
) ( ) (
0
1
0

< <
=
=
t
N
t
t
N
t
t t
C B I C B

I -Tng VT t.hin(g.thit hon tt nm th 0)

B
t
,C
t
-Nhng khon thu & chi trong nm k.thc th t
Ch tiu N cang ngn th DA cng c Hq
Cu 106: Ni dung nghim thu mt ng
Yu cu vi mt ng: cng , bng phng, nhm v k.nng chu mi mn=>
cc ND nghim thu m b.gm:
-Ktra cng
-Ktra k.thc hnh hc
-Kim tra bng phng
-Kim tra nhm
Cu 107: Cc phng php gia c t
Vic gia c t yu nhm XD nn ng p trn t yu
*Cc g.php c t.hin cng vi nn p
p theo g.on
B phn p


Gia ti tm thi
p bng VL nh
Gia cng bng vi KT
*Cc g.php ci thin t di nn p
Thay t yu
ng thm thng ng
C kt bng ht chn ko
Cc VL ri( cc ba lt): dm,si,ct
Ho ba lt: dm,si
Phun cht rn(theo phng ngang)
Cc t g/c v/c(vi,XM)
G/c t bng ddienj phn
Cu 109: Mc ch , tc dng ng cong ni dc
.bo tm nhn tnh ton,TD ln u ko gy khc,xe chy AT,m thun, nhng ch
i dc trn TD phi TK C ng li hoc lm dng CT hoc parabol b2
Cu 110: S lin quan v tr tuyn ng v
C
2
vo n.v TK,khi chn v.tr XD cu cn phi t/mn cc y/cu sau:
Hng ca tim cu trng vi hng tuyn ng nh
Hng ca tim cu cn phi vung gc vi hng nc chy, sai lch ko qu 5
o

on sng v.tr xy cu phi thng v ch hp nht,tranh nhng vng c nhnh
sng,bi bi,o nh


V.tr xy cu phi c k /cht,t/vn n nh,t t.i theo t.gian
Tuy vy trong thc t 1 s y/cu c th cha .bo c,Vd nh hng cu & hng
tuyn ko trng nhua,phi dng cc C ni tuyn vi cu,hoc l do KH qu phc
tp .bo tnh m quan c th phi chn v.tr cu trn C
Tuyn ng KV XD cu phi v.tr tng i cao ca lu vc sng gim KL
o p khi XD vng tip gip vi cu,ng thi trnh c nhng ch ngot bt thng
vng ngp nc. Ngoi ra cn lu sao cho v.tr chuyn tip t lu vc sng ln b
sng,/hnh phi thong,m.t dc thoi,to k tt b.tr nhng CCT gia cu v
tuyn ng vi dc q.nh
Cu 111: Cc dng h hng ca nn ng , nguyn nhn
-Nn ng b ln:
Do dng loi t ko tt
Do lu ln ko cht
Do p nn ng trn t yu ma ko x l hoc x l ko ph hp
-Nn ng b trt:do nn ng p trn sn dc m ko ry c,nh bc cp
-Nn ng b nt:
Do p nn ng bng t qu m
Do p bng t ko ng quy cch
Do nn ng ln ko u
-St l mi taluy:
Do nn p qu cao(>6m) hoc o qu su(>12m)
Do dc mi taluy nn o hoc nn p ko ph hp(do TK hoc t/cng ko
ng)


Cu 114: Cng tc nn khun ng
-M:c.tc ln khun ng ( cn gi l c.tc ln ga) nhm c nh nhuwngc v.tr ch yu
ca MCN nn ng trn thc a .bo t/cng nn ng ng vi yu cu TK
-TL dng ln khun ng l:b.v MCD.bnh & MCN nn ng
-.vi nn p,c.tc ln khun ng b.gm vic X cao p t ti trc ng &
mp ng,x chn taluy
-.vi nn o,cc cc ln khun ng phi ri khi p.vi t/cng,trn cc cc phi ghi l
trnh & c.su o t,sau phi nh c mp taluy nn o
-Khi t/cng c gii cc cc ln khun ng c th b mt i trong q.trnh t/cng-> cn
phi di khi p.vi t/cng
Cu 115: Cc im khng ch trn bnh
Cc im khng ch l cc im c cao ca nn ng c X
C 2 loi im khng ch:loi c X c/xc nh cao ca nn ng nhng ch
giao nhau cng mc vi S,vi ng t khc.Cc im khng ch khc nhau X theo
tr s chiu cao p ti thiu so vi MTN nh cao mt cu,cao nn p tai KV
ngp nc,cao nn p trn cng
Cao ng ti nhng im khng ch c q.nh nh sau:
CDTK mp nn ng ti nhng on ven song,u cu nh,cng,cc on qua
cc cnh ng ngp nc phi cao hn mc nc ngp theo tn s tnh ton ( c
xt n MN dnh & chiu cao song v) t nht l 0.5m
C nn ng p ti v.tr cng trn phi .bo chiu cao t p ti thiu l 0.5m
cng ko b v do lc va p ca lp xe t. Khi chiu dy o ng dy hn
0.5m, chnh ny phi t/cng c chiu dy o ng. Nu ko t.mn
y/cu trn th dng cng chu lc nh cng bn,cng hp


C y o ng phi cao hn MNN tnh ton(hay MN ng thng xuyn) 1 tr
s nht nh
C ng ti v.tr cu c q.nh nh sau:
H
mc
MNTK + t + k
Trong :MNTK-mc nc t/k
t-tnh ko di cu
k-chiu cao c.to ca cu( gm chiu cao dm cu,bn mt cu,c/dy
m)
Cu 116: Ti sao phi lu nh trc , lu nng sau
Trong q.trnh m nn,trong lp VL s pht sinh lc cn m nn,gm 3 tp:
Sc cn c.trc
Sc cn nht
Sc cn qun tnh
ng thi vi s tng cht & c/ VL th trong q.trnh m nn sc cn m nn cng
s tng ln => .bo p lc lu thn sc cn m nn th phi sd lu nh trc,lu nn sau
Cu 117: Th no l h s trin tuyn
H.s trin tuyn l 1 ch tiu KTKT c sd khi s
2
cc PA ng t,c tnh bng t s gia
c.di tuyn thc t vi chiu di tuyn tnh theo ng chim bay.
Cu 118. Cn c v trnh t lp d ton?
Tr li:
Cu 119. Nguyn l hnh thnh cng ca cc lp kt cu o ng?
Tr li:


Chnh l nguyn l hnh thnh cng ca cc vt liu s dng lm o ng: nguyn
l chn , nguyn l lt xp, nguyn l cp phi, nguyn l t gia c.
Cu 120. nh v cng?tnh khi lng o mng cng?
Tr li:
nh v cng l xc nh v c nh trn thc a v tr trc dc ,trc ngang ca cng , v
tr c bit ca cng, u cng: tim cng, h mng, cc cc ph.
Cu 121. Yu cu ca lp cp phi si sn trong n? ( thng no lm lp ny
trong n th mi b hi cu ny thi :D )
Tr li:
-Thnh phn ht m bo
-LA khng vt qu 35-40%
-T l cc cht hu c ko vt qu 0.3%, ch s ng lng ES> 30 hoc ch s do
bng 0, t l ht dt khng qu 10%.
-T l ht nghin v t 30-60%
Cu 122. Kim ton n nh nn ng trn sn dc?
Khi XD nn ng trn sn dc, .bo k n nh ton khi,vic TK,t
2
cn p ng
c 2 y/cu sau:
Nn ng phi t trn 1 sn dc n nh & bn than sn dc vn n nh
sau khi XD nn ng
Trn CS 1 sn dc chak chn n nh,nn p phi ko b trt trn mt dc &
bn than mi TL ca nn ng phi .bo n nh
Nh vy cn phi kim ton k n nh theo 2 ND trn
Cu 123. Khi no phi tnh ton thi gian hon vn?cch tnh?
Tr li:
-i vi tt c cc cng trnh phc v li ch v mt kinh t th phi tnh ton thi gian
hon vn.
-Cch tnh: tnh ton cc khon thu c t khi a cng trnh vo s dng theo thi gian(
ph cu ng, ph dch v cho thu cc cng trnh cng cng, dch v t khi pht sinh
cng trnh)

Cu 124. Th no l lu lng xe thit k?


Tr li:
L s lng xe ti thi im u hoc cui thi k thit k, c tnh ton da trn s
liu thu thp thc t(vi thi im hin ti) v tnh ton theo quy lut ( vi thi im
tng lai) m cng trnh lm ra phi m bo phc v cho nhu cu lng xe thi
im cui nm thit k.
Cu 125. Khi no phi gia c rnh?
Tr li:
Khi dc dc rnh ln hn hoc bng 5% th cn phi gia c rnh.
Cu 126:TK,chn tuyn rnh nh
-Rnh nh phi c quy hoch hp l v hng tuyn, dc dc & m/c thot nc.Rnh
nh TK vi t.din hnh thang,chiu rng y rnh ti thiu l 0,5m,b rnh c TL
1:1,5,chiu su rnh X theo tnh ton thy lc & .bo mc nc tnh ton trong rnh
cch mp rnh t nht 20cm nhng ko nn su qu 1.5m
- dc ca rnh nh thng chn theo k .hnh t. nc chy ko gy xi long
rnh.T.hp k .hnh bt buc phi TK rnh nh c dc ln th phi c b.php g/c
long rnh
- nhng ni .hnh sn ni dc,din tch lu vc ,C d st l th c th lm hai hoc
nhiu rnh nh
-V.tr ca rnh nh cch mp TL nn o t nht 5m. T.hp b.tr rnh nh ngn nc
chy v nn ng p th v.tr rnh nh phi cch mp rnh bin t nht l 5m nu c
rnh bin,v cch chn TL nn p t nht l 2m
Cu 127: h s tai nn
H.s tai nn t.hp c X bng tch s ca 14 h.s tai nn ring bit .vi tng y/t ca
tuyn ng c a/hng n k.nng xy ra tai nn
K
tn
=k
1
.k
2
.k
14
Cc h s bao gm: h.s xt n a/hng ca ll xe;h.s xt n b rng xe chyaj & c.to
l;a/hng b.rng l;a/hng dc dc I;a/hng ca bk cong;xt n tm nhn thc t
c th .bo trn ng;xt n b.rng phn xe chy ca cu;xt n a/hng c.di on
thng;xt n a/hng ch giao nhau cng mc;xt n a/h ca h.thc giao nhau khi c
ng nhnh;xt n a/h ca tm nhn thc t .bo c ti ch giao nhau cng mc c


ng nhnh;xt n s ln xe chy trn phn xe chy;xt n a/h ca k/c t nh ca 2
bn ng n phn xe chy;xt n a/h ca h.s bm
Cu 129: M ca vic iu phi t,cch X c li vc KT
*M ca vic iu phi t
2
ca ctac XD nn ng
KL CT ln nn trong t/cng phi sd nhiu my mc & nhn lc
KL p.b ko u,gy kh khn cho vic TCTC theo pp dy chuyn. Do ngta pjair
phn ra KL c.tc tp trung & KL dc tuyn
Din t/cng hp & ko di,t/cng ngoi tri nn ph thuc rt nhiu vo k thi
tit
=>M ca iu phi t l h.thnh CT ng & vt t.hn c giao vi CL & gi thnh h
*L
tb
: C li v/c X theo cng thc
L
tb
=
) l l ( 2
l l ) l l ( l 2
2 1
2
2
2
1 2 1 3
+
+ + +

L
tb
=
) ( 2
) ( 2
2 1
2
2
2
1 2 1 3
l l
l l l l l
+
+ + +
=
) 038 , 2 3 ( 2
038 , 2 3 ) 038 , 2 3 .( 1 . 2
2 2
+
+ + +
= 2,373 Km
Cu 130. Mc ch ca vic thit k s b ?
Tr li:
nh gi tnh kh thi ca d n.
Cu 131: Phn bit cp phi dm mt v hai
-Loi 1: t/c cc c ht ca CP u c nghin t nguyn khai
-Loi 2:TP CP ht c th nghin t nguyn khai hoc si cui,trong c ht nh hn
2,36mm c th l KVTN ko nghin nhng KL ko c vt qu 50%KL CPD. Khi

L
1

L
2

L
3

A B


CPD c nghin t si cui th cc ht trn c sng 9,5mm t nht 75% s ht c t 2
mt ng tr ln
Cu 132: V tr cn cm cc tiu trn
-Pha lng C t T n TC
-ng vo 2 u cu
-2 u cng c c/di hp hn nn ng
-Cc on nn ng b tht hp
-Cc on nn ng p cao trn 2 m
-Cc on ng men theo sng sui,m h,ao ly
-Cc on B giao S
-Dc 2 bn nhng on ng b ngp nc thng xuyn hoc ch ngp theo ma & 2 bn
than ng ngm
-Dc 2 bn ng qua bi ct,ng ly,i c m kh phn bit mt ng phn xe chy
vi di t 2 bn ng
Cu 133: Mi lin quan gia bnh , trc dc , trc ngang trn tuyn
-Vic phi hp gia cc y/t tuyn nh B,TD & TN trc ht l cc y/t ny c sd cc
c.tiu tt hn cc ch tiu g.hn sau l phi hp cc y/t tuyn vi nhau to ra 1
tuyn ng .bo cc y/c KTKT
-S phi hp gia TN & TD cn c .bo t/mn cc y/c cc im khng ch & im
mong mun
Cu 134: Cc bin php lm tng cht lng mt ng cp phi trn nha
nng.
-Q.trnh lu ln h
2
ch c hq khi nhit h
2
cn nng,vo khong 50-70% nhit ti
thiu ca h
2
lc b.u ri. C.di lu ln ca mi on thng thng 30-50m


-T. ca my lu lc u l 2-3km/h,sau c th 4-5km/h
-Khi lu phi b.tr CN bi h
2
du nht vo bnh lu nha ko dnh bm vo bnh
- cho m bng phng,khi my lu chuyn s tin li,phi t.hin tht m thun & ko c
my lu ng lu trn m cha ngui
-Phi phi hp nhp nhng gia cc khu: c.to h
2
.v/c.san ri & lu ln sao cho h
2
ko b
ngui
Cu 136: Cn c chn kt cu o ng
-Cp ng,t/cht ca tuyn,E
yc

-C. thy nhit ca tuyn:chu nhiu a/hng nn dng m cng
-k VL a phng
-K duy tu,b.dng trong q.trnh k.thc
-K.nng.t.b t/cng
-K.nng t/chnh
Cu 137: Trnh by cch cm cong ngoi thc a
-C.tc cm cong b.gm vic ng cc im ch yu nh N.NC ca CCT,T.TC,P ca
C trn & cc im trong C
-Thc t thng sd 3 p
2
:
P
2
t. vung gc
PP t. cc
PP dy cung ko di
tng c/xc bao gi cng b.tr cc im c.tit t N(T) n P v NC(TC) n P
Cu 138: Nu cc bin php x l nn dc trc khi p


-Nu i
s
<20% ch cn t.hnh ry c,bc b hu c p.vi y nn t.xc vi sn dc
-Nu i
s
=20-50%: cn nh bc cp theo q sau:
Nu t/cng th cng th b rng bc cp b=1m
Nu t/cng bng my th phi .bo cho my H.b=2-4m
Mi cp cn dc vo trong 2-3%
-Nu i
s
>50%: cn c b.php t/cng ring/lm cc CT chng nh: tng chn,k
chn,k vai ng
Cu 139: Cc phng php thm d a cht tuyn
-o v CCT
-Khoan,o thm d
-Thm d a-vt l
-TN trong phng
-TN trong phng TN
Cu 140: Mi quan h gia ng cong ng v nm
-Cc C & on dc phi c cn nhc k lng. on dc di.on thng & C ln ti
v.tr dc ng hoc C c bk chm trc u ko hp l.
-Trnh b.tr nhiu C ng trn 1 on thng di( hoc C nm c bk ln). S i dc
l.tc trn TD nu ko phi hp vi C nmf s gy ra cho ng li xe o gic tuyn ng
b li lm bt thng & to nn tuyn c nhiu ch khut
-Trnh b.tr nhiu C nm trn 1 on tuyn bng phng to nn tuyn quanh co
-Ko t CN c bk nh sau C li v c th gy nguy him chon g li xe(ng li xe c
th ko nhn thy c s i hng tuyn .bit l vo ban m


-C.gng s CN=s C & nn b.tr trng nh. Khi phi b.tr lch, lch gia 2
nh C ko ln hn c.di CN. Khi C ko th b.tr trng nh vi CN th nh
CN nn b.tr trc nh C nu theo hng i l r tri,cn nu theo hng r phi
th nh ny b.tr sau
-CN nn di & trm ra phia ngoi C(mi bn t 20-100m)
-Ko b.tr C c bk nh nm trong CN(s to ra cc u li hay h lm). Nn .bo
R
lm
>R
nm

-Cc C & CN cn phi c tng bk nu c th khi tip cn cc nt GT,ni m vic
.bo tm nhn l rt q.trng
Cu 142: Cc loi mng cng? Phm vi p
-Theo VLXD:
Mng : sd nhng ni sn
Mng gch:sd ni thiu
Mng BT: c th CGH t/cng,c th dng BT c C khc nhau nhng ch y/cu
chu lc khc nhau
Mng BTCT:chu vng ln
-Theo k/cu:
Mng c: c th thu nhn ti trng tng i ln
Mng ct: t.hp khi C ca mng tng i cao
Mng l.hp
-Theo k lm vic di td ca ti trng:
Mng cng: ko xt ti k.nng chu un


Mng mm: c k.nng b.dng di td ca ti trng
Cu 143: Chiu di on thi cng mt ng
C.di on t/cng m phu thuc vo t. dy chuyn,tgiab H ca DC,qu trnh CN
t/cng & k thi tit
Cu 144: Cc ch chy trong cng.
C 3 ch nc chy trong cng:
+) Ch nc chy khng p: H 1,2*h
c
(d). Nc chy trong cng lun c mt
thong hay ni cch khc l mc nc trong cng thp hn nh cng.
+) Ch nc chy bn p: H 1,2* h
c
. Mc nc trc ming cng cao hn
nh cng nhng mc nc trong cng vn thp hn nh cng. Nc chy trong cng
vn c mt thong.
+) Ch nc chy c p: H> 1,2h
c
. Nc chy y, nc chy trong cng khng
c mt thong.

Cu 145: Phng php kho st m t trong KSTKSB.
-.vi m k.thc th cn X v.tr.c li ca m so vi tuyn,q.m k.thc,k trang
t.b,k.nng c
2
,gi thnh,CL,tr lng
-.vi cc m cha k.thc th cn s ha v.tr m VLXD,X c li v/c,CL cn c vo kt
qu TN mu
Cu 146: Khi no phi gia c taluy nn ng.
Tr li:
Vic gia c ta luy u tin hnh cho c nn o v nn p khi cn thit nhng trc khi
gia c ta luy i vi nn p th cn phi m bo n nh ca nn p ri mi xt n
vn gia c taluy.


Khi dc ngang di 20% phi o b lp hu c ri mi p t, dc ngang (30-50)%
th phi nh bc cp, cn dc ngang >50% th phi c c cng trnh chng .
Sau khi xt n cc gii php trn th ta mi xt tip n vic gia c ta luy.
+) i vi nn o: Khi chiu su o qu ln trnh hin tng st l hoc a
cht y b phong ha mnh ngi ta cng gia c ta luy bng hc cht mch, tm
lt,lt khan, hoc trng c. Hoc trong nn o su m ti khu vc ny c mc nc
ngm chy ra th trc khi gia c bng lt khan ta phi lm mt lp m theo nguyn
tc tng lc ngc phng nc ngm xi v cun t mi taluy i.
+) i vi nn p: Khi nn p cao ngi ta cng gia c chn ta luy trnh hin
tng trt mi ta luy nh mnh nn trn.
-)Khi nn p ti khu vc c ch thy nhit bt li nh nc mt, khu vc tp
trung nc ln v ma ma trnh hin tng xi mi ta luy ngi ta cng tin hnh
gia c taluy.
-)Nn p cao m ti y c lu lng ma ln trnh hin tng r mi ta luy
hoc hin tng to ra cc khe ma cng gia c mi ta luy, trong trng hp ny thng
gia c taluy bng r .
Ngoi ra trong mt s trng hp phi gia c taluy nn ng m bo m quan cho
tuyn ng v cnh quan ln cn n. Trong trng hp ny thng gia c taluy bng
trng
c.

Cu 147: Nguyn tc chn bn knh ng cong bng.
Tr li:
y l bi ton kinh t - k thut, khi thit k cn vn dng bn knh ng cong ln
ci thin iu kin chy xe, m bo an ton, tin li ng thi cng m bo gi thnh
xy dng nh nht, khuyn kch dng bn knh ti thiu thng thng tr ln, lun tn
dng bn knh ti thiu thng thng tr ln, lun tn dng a hnh nng cao cht
lng chy xe.


Bn knh ng cong bng c la chn theo cc nguyn tc:
- Ln hn cc gi tr gii hn
- Ph hp vi a hnh, cng ln cng tt ( thng R= 3 n 5 R
min
)
- m bo s ni tip gia cc ng cong
- m bo b tr c cc yu t ng cong nh: chuyn tip, siu cao
- m bo phi hp hi ha cc yu t ca tuyn, phi hp tuyn ng vi cnh
quan.
-
Cu 148: S dng cc loi bin bo cc tiu nh th no.
Tr li:
a) Bin bo
+) Mc ch : t cc bin bo hiu trn ng l mt bin php quan trn nhm hng
dn cho ngi iu kin cc phng tin tham gia giao thng c th bit c cc iu
kin c im ca ng m m bo i cho ng.
+) Cc loi bin bo:
1. Bin bo cm: Nhm bo iu cm hoc hn ch m ngi s dng phi tuyt
i tun theo. C 39 bin bo cm.
2. Bin bo nguy him: Bo cho ngi s dng ng bit trc tnh cht cc s
nguy him trn ng c bin php phng nga. C 46 kiu bin bo nguy
him
3. Bin hiu lnh: Bo cho ngi s dng ng bit iu lnh phi thi hnh. C 9
kiu bin hiu lnh.
4. Bin ch dn : Bo cho ngi s dng ng bit nhng nh hng cn thit
hoc nhng iu c ch khc trong hnh trnh. C 47 kiu bin bo ch dn
5. Nhm bin ph: Ch dn thuyt minh hiu r cc bin khc. C 9 kiu
+) V tr t bin bo hiu
- Bin bo hiu phi t v tr ngi s dng ng d nhn thy v c
thi gian chun b phng.


- Ngi s dng ng phi nhn thy bin bo hiu t c ly 150m trn nhng
ng xe chy vi tc cao, t c ly 100m i ci nhng ng ngoi phm
vi dn c v t c ly 50m i vi nhng ng trong phm vi khu dn c.
- Bin t v pha tay phi theo chiu i. Bin t thng ng vung gc vi
chiu i
- Mp ngoi cng ca bin pha chiu i phi cch mp phn xe chy l 0,5m
- trong khu dn c hoc trn cc on ng c h cao hn phn xe chy th
cho php t bin trn h nhng mt bin khng c nh ra qu h ng
- Trn nhng on n c ng th s i ring c phn bit bng di phn
cch th cho php t bin trn di phn cch
- Trn nhng ng xe chy vi tc cao v c nhiu ln ng th bin c th
treo pha trn phn xe chy v c th t bin hng dn cho tng ln ng
bin c treo trn gi long mn.

b) Cc tiu
+) Mc ch: Cc tiu c t mp cc on ng nguy him c tc dng hng dn
cho ngi s dng ng bit phm vi nn ng an ton v hng i ca tuyn ng.
Cc tiu c th lm bng b tng, b tng ct thp, bng thp
+) Cc trng hp cm cc tiu:
- Pha lng ng cong t tip u n tip cui
- ng vo hai u cu
- Hai u cng c chiu di hp hn nn ng
- Cc on nn ng b tht hp
- Cc on nn ng p cao trn 2m
- Cc on ng men theo sng, sui, m, ao, h
- Cc on ng b giao nhau vi ng st.
- Cc ng ba, ng t ng, trong khu dn c
- Dc hai bn nhng on ng b ngp nc thng xuyn
- Dc hai bn ng qua bi ct, ng ly..


+) K thut cm cc tiu
- ng mi xy dng hoc ng ci to nng cp cc tiu cm st vai ng
v cch mp phn xe chy ti thiu 0,5 m
- Nn ng ang s dng, cc tiu cm st vai ng. Ch cm cc tiu phi
m bo chc chn
- C ly cm cc c quy nh nh sau:
Khong cch gia 2 cc trn ng thng l S= 10m
Khong cch gia cc cc trn ng cong
Nu ng cong c bn knh R = 10m - 30m th khong cch gia hai
cc tiu S = 2m -3m.
Nu ng cong c bn knh 30m< R 100m th khong cch gia hai
cc tiu S = 4m-6m
Nu ng cong c bn kinh R> 100m th khong cch gia hai cc
tiu l S = 8m 10 m
Khong cch gia hai cc tiu tip u v tip cui c th b tr rng
hn 2m so vi khong cch gia hai cc tiu trong phm vi ng
cong
i vi on ng dc

Nu ng dc 3% khong cch gia hai cc tiu l 5m
Nu ng dc <3% khong cch gia hai cc tiu l 10m.

Cu 149: X l khi gp nc ngm
Tr li:
Khi xy dng tuyn ng gp khu vc c mc nc ngm cao th c mt s bin
php x l nh sau:
- Trnh tuyn: y l bin php tt nht nu p dng c


- p cao ln cao y nn ng cao hn cao mc nc ngm
- Thot nc ngm: bin php thot nc thng ng dung cc ct hay bc thm
thot nc. Trong trng hp ny ta phi thi cng tng m ct dy 0,5m
1m

thot nc t cc ra khi nn ng.
Cu 150: Ti nc khi lu lm g?
Tr li:
+) i vi cc loi vt liu theo nguyn tc cp phi nh cpd, cptn,cpd gia c xi
mng .. th vic ti nc khi lu nhm b xung nc hn vt liu t m tt nht
ng vi cng m ln khng i nng cao hiu qu m nn. Ngoi ra vic ti nc
khi thi cng cn c tc dng tng kh nng dnh bm gia cc lp vt liu lc ny s ti
nc di dng sng
+) i vi cc loi vt liu khc nh dm nc th vic ti nc khi thi cng
gip gim bt sc cn m nn cng m nn. Ngoi ra mt phn nc ti lc ny
cng gip vo vic to ra bt d dng hn trong qu trnh lu ln (bt m to ra lc
dnh gi cho cc vin t b xoay dn n trn cnh trong qu trnh chu ti trng v th
mt ng dm nn dng ni c thi tit khng hanh kh ko di

Cu 151: Ni dung kim tra v nghim thu mt ng b tng nha.
*Ktra
Ktra & gsat vic ch to BTN ti trm
Ktra h.trng trc khi ri BTN
Ktra trong khi ri & lu ln
*Nghim thu


-Nghim thu kch thc hnh hc:
B.rng m:sd thc thp.sai s 5cm
B.dy: sai s c.dy ko qu 10% vi lp di, 8% vi lp trn & 5% vi lp
mt ri bng my c .chnh t ng
dc ngang: .vi lp di ko qu 0.005,ko qu 0.0025 vi lp trn
dc dc: cao c dc tim ng; ko qu -10mm vi lp di,ko qu 5mm vi
lp trn
-Ktra bng phng: tnh theo ch s bng phng QT phi 2
- nhm: pp rc ct,H
tb
>40mm
- cht lu ln: K0.98
-C. m BTN: E
tt
> E
tk
Cu 152: Cch o mt ct ngang
a) Xc nh hng mt ct ngang:
Hng mt ct ngang ca cc cc l mt ct vung gc vi tim tuyn ng phn
ng thng hoc vung gc vi tip tuyn ca ng cong ti im .
b) o mt ct ngang:
- o bng my kinh v v mia ng
- o bng my thy bnh kt hp vi thc thp hoc thc vi
Ni dung ca o mt ct ngang l xc nh c cao ca cc im thay i
dc ca a hnh trn mt ct ngang.
c) V mt ct ngang


Mt ct ngang c v vi t l chiu di v chiu cao nh nhau. mt ct ngang t
nhin chnh l ng ni cao ca cc im thay thay i dc trn mt ct ngang

Cu 153: Phng php iu tra m vt liu
Tr li:
Cc m VLXD gm: m , m ct si, m t p c s dng cho tt c cc i
tng xy dng. Cc m c th chia thnh m khai thc v m cha khai thc.
- i vi m VLXD khai thc th cn xc nh v tr, c ly ca m so vi tuyn ,
quy m khai thc, iu kin trang thit b, kh nng cung cp, gi thnh,cht lng, tr
lng. Ton b cc s liu ni trn cn th hin trong cc vn bn hp thc
- i vi cc m VLXD cha khai thc th cn s ha v tr m VLXD ( hoc l
bnh m), xc n c ly vn chuyn, tr lng, cht lng cn c vo kt qu th
nghim mu. Ti mi v tr m ly mt mu th nghim.

Cu 154: Trnh t tnh ton mt ng mn
Tr li:
Tnh ton mt ng mm theo cc bc sau y:
1. Tnh s trc xe tnh ton trn mt ln xe ca phn xe chy sau khi quy i v
trc tiu chun.
2. Tnh s trc xe tnh ton tiu chun trn 1 ln xe N
tt



3. Tnh s trc xe tiu chun tch ly trong thi hn tnh ton 15 nm
4. D kin kt cu o ng
5. Tnh ton kim tra cng chung ca kt cu d kin theo tiu chun vng
n hi
6. Tnh ton kim tra cng kt cu d kin theo tiu chun chu ct trt
nenenf t
7. Tnh ton kim tra cng kt cu d kin thoe tiu chun chu ko un trong
cc lp b tng nha v gia c xi mng.
8. Kt lun

Cu 155: Phng php xc nh cng mt ng bng cn o vng.
Tr li:
+) Tin hnh o vng n hi ti cc im theo ng trnh t o
+) X l kt qu o vng ti cc im o, cui cng ta c vng n hi c
trng cho tng on c tnh tho cng thc:
L
DT
= L
TB
+ K.
+) T vng n hi c trng ta co Muyn n hi ( cng ) cho tng on
ca mt ng l:
E
DH
=
2
DT
. (1 )
0, 693
p D m
L
(daN/cm
2
)
p=6daN/cm
2
: p lc bnh xe tiu chun xung mt ng
D = 33cm : ng knh tng ng ca din tch vt bnh xe tiu chun
m = 0.3 h s poisson
L
DT
: vng n hi c trng ca tng on.



Cu 156: Cao ng dc song.
Tr li:
???????????

Cu 157. Yu cu chung i vi lp mt ng.
Tr li:
Yu cu i vi lp mt ng gm 5 yu cu sau :
- cng
- n nh v cng ( n nh v nc, ch thy nhit)
- m bo bng phng nht nh
- nhm (h s bm)
- Phi c kh nng chu mi mn
Cu 158. Cho bit mc ich ca vic thit k ng cong ch chi, c my loi ng
cong ch chi.
Tr li:
Cu 159. Khi no ng chy c p, khng p. iu kin s dng ng thm.


Tr li
Cu 160. u nhc im ca nn p thp.
Tr li:
a) u im
- Khi lng thi cng nh
- Thi cng n gin, khng i hi cc bin php x l c bit,
- n nh mi taluy
b) Nhc im
- Chu nh hng ca ch thy nhit
- Trong trng hp p h< 0,6m i hi phi thi cng rnh an ton thot nc

Cu 161. Bin php x l nn trc khi p.
Tr li:
a) Nn thung thng
- i
s
<20% ry c, o t hu c, thot nc, vt bn
- 20%< i
s
<40% nh cp
+ i
c
= (2 -3)%
+ Bc Thi cng bng th cng Bc= 1m
Thi cng bng my Bc> Bm
b) Nn yu
- Trnh tuyn (p/a tt nht)
- Thay i kch thc hnh hc ca nn nh:


+ Gim chiu cao t p
+ p b phn p
+ Thay t l 1/m
- Thay t: khi chiu su t yu nh t 3-4 m
- Ci to t yu:
+ Bin php thot nc thng ng (cc ct, cc ba lt..) thot nc ra khi
t yu
+ Dng bc thm thot nc
+ Thot nc chn khng
+ Phng php gia nhit
Cu 163. Gi thnh khai thc ng bao gm nhng g, cch tnh.
Tr li
Cu 163. Cu to, tc dng v cch thi cng cc loi khe mch trong mt ng
BTXM ti ch
Tr li:
a) Trong mt ng BTXM c cc khe l khe dc v khe ngang trong khe ngang c
hai loi l: khe dn v khe co.
- Khe dn: Dng cho b tong c th dn n khi nhit b tng tng.
+ Chiu rng khe dn: b=..t.L.1000 cm
+ d thi cng th khe dn trng vi khe dng thi cng
- Khe co: tm b tng khng rn nt do co ngt khi thi cng v khi nhit gim.


+ thi cng khe co ta dung ca x chiu gy tm, pha mt chn khe bng
nha mattic
- Khe dc: c tc dng nh khe co, tin cho thi cng th khong cch gia cc khe
dc bng b rng vt ri
b) Cu to chung ca khe mch gm c cc b phn:
- Thanh truyn lc: l= 50cm, bng thp trn = 20-24 mm, mt na qut hc n
chng bm , t cch nhau 50cm
- Vt liu chn khe: bng nha mattic phi m bo tnh n hi, dnh bm tt v
khng thm nc
- Ring vi khe dn do b rng khe ln nn cn thm g m.
Cu 164. Kh nng thng xe ca mt ln xe phu thuc vo nhng g.
Tr li:
Cng thc tnh nng lc thng hnh l thuyt ca mt ln xe:

lt
N =
1000V
d
(xe/ h)
Trong : +) V l vn tc thit k
+) d l kh ng lc hc ca dng xe: d = l
p
+ S
h
+ l
k
+ l
0

Vi V= conts th N
lth
ph thuc vo d l kh ng lc hc ca dng xe hay cn gi
l c ly an ton. Thc t th N
lth
cn ph thuc vo cc iu kin chy xe nh bng
phng, nhm mt ng, thi tit v thi gian.



Cu 165. Cc yu t nh hng ti c ly hm xe.
Tr li:
Khi x l cc tnh hung giao thng trn ng th ngi li xe thng phi cn c
vo khon cch ti cc chng ngi vt c tnh cng hm phanh sao cho xe va
kp dng li trc chng. Khi thit k ng phi m bo khong cch ny cho ngi
li xe trong mi trng hp
Chiu di hm xe:
2
k.V
254.( i)
h
S
j
=

Trong : +) : l h s bm ca bnh xe i vi mt ng
+) i: l dc dc ca ng
T cng thc xc nh chiu di hm xe ta thy chiu di hm xe S
h
ph thuc vo v i.
Nu tng th chiu di hm xe nh chy xe an ton
- H s bm li ph thuc vo mi mn ca lp xe v c bit l ph thuc
vo tnh trng mt ng v nhm ca lp mt
- Nn s dng loi mt ng c bng phng cao, vt liu lp mt cng, ng
u , t mn nh mt ng BTXM
- Mt ng sch s, khng m t th tng
Nn thit k ng c dc dc i nh th chiu di hm xe nh chy xe an ton v m
thun
Cu 166. Cc thng s thit k o ng
Tr li:


a) Vic la chn kt cu o ng c da trn cc yu t sau:
+ i vi mt ng
- ngha cp hng k thut ca ng .
- Lu lng xe chy thit k .
- Tc xe chy tnh ton. Kh nng cung cp vt liu, phng tin thi cng, iu
kin kh hu v iu kin duy tu bo dng
+ i vi mng ng
- iu kin a cht thu vn, th nhng
- Tnh hnh nguyn vt liu c sn
b) Cc thng s thit k o ng
- ti trng trc tnh ton v s trc xe tnh ton
- tr s modun n hi Eo, lc dnh C, gc ni ma st phi trng dk bt li nht
ca nn t
- tr s mudun n hi, lc dnh C, gc ni ma st phi ca cc loi vt liu o
ng, cng cho php chu ko khi un ca lp vt liu lin khi Ru
Cu 167. Th no l h s m nn K.
Tr li:
H s m nn K l t s gia khi lng th tch kh ca vt liu ti hin
trng v khi lng th tch kh trong phng th nghim sau khi hiu chnh ti hin
trng cc yu t nh thanh phn ht. xc nh h s K chnh xc th c bn phi xc
nh mnh phi thi nghim dm nn theo tiu chun no (v c c m nn TC v ci
tin... ) cng m nn trong phng phi ph hp vi cng dm nn thc t ngoi hin


trng (cng m nn thc t ngoi hin trng c xc nh thng qua qui m, cp
hng CT m ch nhim n Q)
- kim tra cht lng m nn ngoi hin trng dng cht K

-K c gi l h s m nn. Tr s K c quy nh trn c s kho st cht ca t
trong nhng nn ng c s dng lu nm m vn n nh, trong cc iu kin khc
nhau v a hnh, loi t, loi mt ng v khu vc kh hu. Ty thuc vo tnh cht,
tm quan trng ca mi loi cng trnh cng nh v tr ca mi tng lp trong nn ng
m la chn tr s K khc nhau.
- Ty thuc vo tnh cht, tm quan trng ca mi loi cng trnh cng nh v tr ca mi
tng lp m la chn tr s K khc nhau.
Cu 168. Trnh by cc bin php h gi thnh trong n.
Tr li:
Cc bin php h gi thnh trong n:
- La chn phng n tuyn ti u c h s trin tuyn nh chiu di tuyn
ngn i,tuyn i qua cc khu vc tng i bng phng , o p kt hp trnh
nhng on o su, p cao khi lng thi cng gim
- Kho st k cc m vt liu ti a phng tn dng gim chi ph vn
chuyn
- Tng cc bin php thi cng bng c gii v my mc
Cu 169. Thi cng mi ni cng.
Tr li:


Cu 170. Yu t lm cho ng t gim cht lng.
Tr li:
1)Mi trng vt cht:
a)Yu t kh hu:
- Ma
- Nhit
- Gi
b)Cht lng ca t v vt liu lm ng
2) Cht lng k tht ca n thit k, ca th cng
a) n thit k: cc bc thit k li
b) Thi cng
3) Cng giao thng v ti trng trc
Cu 171. Cch xc nh din thi cng dy chuyn
Tr li:
a) Khi nim
Din thi cng l chiu rng ri t m n v thi cng c php o, t, b tr
cc phng tin thi cng tp kt vt liu thng ch rng vi m n vi chc m xong
li ko di ti vi chc km. iu ny gy kh khn cho cng tc kim tra, iu hnh sn
xut cho vic b tr lc lng thi cng hn ch my mc v nhn lc pht huy nng sut.
b) Cch xc nh din thi cng
- Din thi cng hp l ca dy chuyn (dy chuyn chuyn nghip cng nh dy
chuyn tng hp) l din thi cng m bo cho my mc, phng tin sn xut thi cng


ca dy chuyn hot ng bnh thng v pht huy c ht nng sut s dng.
- Khi din thi cng qu di s lm tng khi lng cng tc d dang, lm my
mc b phn tn v gy kh khn cho vic ch o thi cng trn cng trng. Vic ch
o thi cng khng kp thi dn n s lng tng, phi hp khng nhun nhuyn, khng
lin hon kp thi ca cc loi my mc thi cng.
- Nhng mt din thi cng ngn li lm tp trung my mc vi mt dy, c
th gy ra cn tr ln nhau khi hot ng. c bit l khi din thi cng qu ngn s lm
cho my mc khng s dng c ht nng sut, khng m bo c chiu di cc on
cng tc kinh t ca my.
Do vy, trong thit k t chc thi cng ng t nht nh phi thit k t c mt
din thi cng hp l nht cho dy chuyn.
Cu 172. Cch xc nh s ca my thi cng.
Tr li:
xc inh c s ca my thi cng ta phi xc nh c khi lng (Q) cng tc ca
hng mc v nng sut (N) ca mt my lm c trong trong mt ca my.
S ca my thi cng (n): n=
Q
N

Cu 173. Khi rnh dc khng kh nng thot nc?
Tr li:
Khi kim ton m lu lng nc ln nht v rnh ln hn kh nng thot nc
ca rnh, khi ta phi b tr rnh nh gim lng nc v rnh
Cu 174. Mc ch gia c l.
Tr li.


Gia c l v l ng l ni dng trnh xe hoc xe tm thi, n l 1 di t
nm song song vi phn ng xe chy. ngoi ra l ng cn l ni dng tp kt vt
liu khi sa cha mt ng. l ng phi c 1 phn gia c nhm mc ch gi n nh
cho kt cu o ng phn xe chy.kt cu l gia c c th gim bt chiu dy, bt lp
kt cu hoc s dng vt liu c cng thp nhng lp mt ng trn cng phi
ging vi lp mt trn cng ca lp kt cu o ng.
Cu 175. Thun li, kh khn khi thi cng lp gia c XM.
Tr li:
a)Kh khn trong khi thi cng:
-) i hi t.b t/cng chuyn dng
-) B khng ch v thi gian thi cng ( khng c vt qu thi gian ninh kt ca
XM )
-) Ko thng xe c ngay sau khi t.cng
b) Thun li:
C kh cao
C k.nng chu un,n nh nc
C th sd VL a phng
C th CGH t.b q/trnh t/cng
bng phng cao


Cu 176. Cch p t bn cng.
Tr li:
-) p thnh tng lp u hai bn cng trnh x dch cng
-) p t trn nh cng ti thiu 50cm
-) Nn dng loi t kh thot nc p t hai bn cng
-) Nu p bng : phi loi nhng vin c kch thc D> 15cm ra khi khu
vc thnh cng mt on> 1,5D

176 Cau Hoi Bao Ve TN Duong Thuong Gap

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176 Cau Hoi Bao Ve TN Duong Thuong Gap

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CNG TT NGHIP NG B - K47 2011

Nguyn Vit Cng-Hong Trng Ngha-Nguyn Vn Sn Page 1

I -Tng VT t.hin(g.thit hon tt nm th 0)

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