King Fahd University of

Petroleum & Minerals

Mechanical Engineering
Dynamics ME 201
BY
Dr. Meyassar N. Al-Haddad
Lecture # 10

Sir Isaac Newton
1642-1727
Proposed fundamental
laws that are the basis
of modern mechanics
3 laws of motion
law of gravitation
First law
Law of inertia - a body in motion will stay in
motion and a body at rest will stay at rest unless
acted upon by a net external force.

A particle originally at rest, or moving in a straight
line with a constant velocity, will remain in this
state provided the particle is not subjected to an
unbalance force.

Static law
Second law
A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force F
experiences an acceleration that has the same
direction as the force and a magnitude that is
directly proportional to the force

a F
F3
F1
a1
F2
a2
a m F
Third law
Law of action-reaction - for every action, there is
an equal and opposite reaction

The mutual forces of action and reaction
between two particles are equal, opposite,
and collinear.

F
b,a
= -F
a,b

Newton's Law of Universal
Gravitation
Law of gravitation - all bodies are attracted to one
another with a force proportional to the product of
their masses and inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them.


F = forces of attraction
G = universal constant of gravitation = 66.73(10
-12
)m
3
/(kg.s
2
)
m
1
,m
2
= mass of each of the two particle
r = distance between the centers of the two particles
2
2 1
r
m m
G F
Gravity on earth?
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation

Compare with F = mg so g = GM/r
2

g depends inversely on the square of the distance
g depends on the mass of the planet
Nominally, g = 9.81 m/s
2
or 32.2 ft/s
2

At the equator g = 9.78 m/s
2

At the North pole g = 9.83 m/s
2

g on the Moon is 1/6 of g on Earth.
2
r
Mm
G F
Mass and Weight
Weight
the amount of gravitational force
exerted on a body
F = m g
W = m g
W: weight (units: N or lbs)
m: mass of the body (units: kg)
g: gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s
2
,
32.2 ft/s
2
)
As the mass of a body increases, its
weight increases proportionally
13.2 The Equation of Motion
Free Body and Kinetic Diagram


Free-Body diagram
Kinetic diagram

a F m
13.3 Equation of Motion for a System of
Particles

G
ma F
i i i i
m
m
a f F
a F