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Shear Center Theory
Shear Center Theory
+
=
z
x
zz
y M
I
=
Symmetric cross section, M
z
=0:
General:
But also consider
equilibrium of
segment A
1
(see
next slide!)
But also consider
equilibrium of
segment A
1
(see
next slide!)
Acts over
cross section
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 8
Shear Stresses and Shear Flow
1 1
0
x x sx x
A A
x dx x
F dA q dx dA
+
= = +
Axial force equilibrium for element:
Complementary
q
sx
acts on A
1
in
opposite direction
Complementary
q
sx
acts on A
1
in
opposite direction
s
Z
Y
X
q
sx
x
+d
x
A
1
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 9
Shear Flow
1 1 1 1
2 2
y
z
sx yy yz zz yz
A A A A yy zz yz yy zz yz
V
V
q I y dA I z dA I z dA I y dA
I I I I I I
= +
Result for q
sx
:
s
Z
Y
Shear flow: q
sx
(s)
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 10
s
Z
Y
Shear flow: q
sx
(s)
Shear Center
V
y
e
z
Therefore:
Shear center lies
distance e
z
from
origin where:
M
0
=V
y
e
z
Therefore:
Shear center lies
distance e
z
from
origin where:
M
0
=V
y
e
z
Moment, M
0
, at
origin due to
shear flow, q
sx
Moment, M Moment, M
0 0
, at , at
origin due to origin due to
shear flow, q shear flow, q
sx sx
Moment due to V
y
must be equal to M
0
Moment due to V Moment due to V
y y
must be equal to M must be equal to M
0 0
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 11
Examples of Shear Centers
Section Symmetric about y axis:
Shear center must lie on y axis
(similar argument for z axis symmetry)
Section Symmetric about y axis:
Shear center must lie on y axis
(similar argument for z axis symmetry)
Angle Section:
Shear center must lie at
vertex of legs (regardless of
orientation of section)
Angle Section:
Shear center must lie at
vertex of legs (regardless of
orientation of section)
Z
Y
V
y
Shear
Center
lies on
y axis
Z
Y
q
sx
V
y
Shear
Center
q
sx
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 12
Z
Y
A
B
Shear
Center
V
y
q
sx
q
sx
q
sx
Shear Center Must Lie Outside C
Sum moments from q
sx
about A:
=force in each flange x h/2
h/2
h/2
e
Must equal moment from V
y
about A:
=V
y
x e
e must be positive
for q
sx
as shown
so shear center
lies to left of
section
e must be positive
for q
sx
as shown
so shear center
lies to left of
section
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 13
Data Acquisition
Use PC data acquisition program to acquire deflection and
strain data and test machine load
Use 2 LVDT displacement gages
Measure vertical displacements at ends of cross arm
Use to determine vertical deflection and cross arm rotation
Use single weight but move to different locations on cross arm
Replace dial
gages with LVDTs
Replace dial
gages with LVDTs
Loading system
Loading system
Cross arm
Cross arm
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 14
Data Reduction
Acquired data is voltage from transducers
convert to inch units
Determine vertical displacement per applied load
Determine rotation per applied load
Plot rotation vs cross arm location: 0 point defines shear center
or: plot both displacements: crossing point defines shear center
Example (next slide)
AE3145 Shear Center Lab (S2k) Slide 15
AE 3145 Lab - Fal l 99
Lab name=Lab#7 Shear Center
Group name = Monday1
Load Posi ti on Channel 1 Channel 2 Exci tati on Vol tage
0.00E+00 -1.04E+01 -3.57E+00 2.50E+00
5.00E-01 -8.93E+00 -3.23E+00 2.50E+00
1.00E+00 -7.70E+00 -3.10E+00 2.50E+00
1.50E+00 -7.04E+00 -3.54E+00 2.50E+00
2.00E+00 -6.15E+00 -3.75E+00 2.50E+00
2.50E+00 -4.68E+00 -3.38E+00 2.50E+00
3.00E+00 -3.87E+00 -3.67E+00 2.50E+00
3.50E+00 -2.52E+00 -3.42E+00 2.50E+00
4.00E+00 -1.81E+00 -3.81E+00 2.50E+00
Cal: 10 10
Posi ti on LVDT 1 LVDT 2 Defl ecti on Rotati on
0.0 -0.104 -0.036 -0.036 -0.068
0.5 -0.089 -0.032 -0.032 -0.057
1.0 -0.077 -0.031 -0.031 -0.046
1.5 -0.070 -0.035 -0.035 -0.035
2.0 -0.062 -0.038 -0.038 -0.024
2.5 -0.047 -0.034 -0.034 -0.013
3.0 -0.039 -0.037 -0.037 -0.002
3.5 -0.025 -0.034 -0.034 0.009
4.0 -0.018 -0.038 -0.038 0.020
-0.120
-0.100
-0.080
-0.060
-0.040
-0.020
0.000
0.020
0.040
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Position
R
e
a
d
i
n
g
(
i
n
c
h
o
r
r
a
d
i
a
n
)
LVDT 1
LVDT 2
Rotation
Sample Data
Compute avg deflection
and rotation from geometry
Compute avg deflection
and rotation from geometry
Convert voltages to
displacement using LVDT
calibration data
Convert voltages to
displacement using LVDT
calibration data
Plot your
data!
Plot your Plot your
data! data!
Shear Center is point where
Rotation =0 or point where
LVDT1=LVDT2
Shear Center is point where
Rotation =0 or point where
LVDT1=LVDT2