.

, .
.
.
, b b 0, + b = ,
, .

+ b = .
:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

.
?
?
, ;
, (
);
(
).

, ,
,
, , .
1.
?

+ = 2006 2 + 10 = 2005

: , (, ) =
(0, 2006 0), 0 , .
(, )
, .
+ b =
.
1.
+ b =
(, b b 0) (, b).
: (a, b) = d (d 1).
Ao je (x0, y0) + b = ,
0 + b0 = . Ta l = d b = ld.
dx0 + ldy0 = c, . d(x0 + ly0) = c. d, , . d .
, d . m = md. d
1 a b, d = a + b ( , ).
c = md = m(a + b) = a (m) + b (m), x = m, = m, .
1

: (40) , , : ,
, 2004. . 44.

 .
1.
+ b = (, b
b 0) (, b) = 1, . b y .
2.
+ b = (, b
b 0) (, b) .
2. 2 + 5 = 111 ,
3 + 6 = 1000 .
: 2 5 , 1.
.
(3, 6) = 3 3 1000, 2,
.
ax + by = , , . (, b) = d (d 1) ,
, l m, = d, b = ld = md. d + ld =
md + l = m. l .
ax + by = ,

.

3. 3 + 7 = 89, .
: 3 7 .
,
89 7 y
y2
29 2 y
, 2
3
3

3,
.

2 = 3, . = 3 + 2, = 25 7.
,
(, ) = (257, 3+2) .

,
.
4. 40 63 = 521 .
: 40 63 .
80 520 1 17
40 = 63 + 521, =
.
40
17 1
17 1
= 2 + 13
.
= ,
40
40
40 1
6 1
2
. 17 1 = 40, =
.
17
17

6 1
17b 1
b 1
b . 6 + 1 = 17b. , =
3b
.
17
6
6

b + 1 = 6, b = 6 1. = 3(6 1) = 17 3, = 2(17 3) + 6 1 =
34 6 + 6 1 = 40 7. , = 2 (40 7) + 13 = 80 14 + 13 17 + 3 = 63 + 2. ,
= 40 7, = 63 + 2 ( ).

, , .
.

(0, 0) ax + by = , a b
. 0 + by0 = c, ax + by = ax0 + by0. a(x x0) + b( y0) = 0.
a
( x x0 ) y y0 0 .
b ( b )
b
. b ,
x x0 b. , x x0 = b, . = x0 + b,

= 0 . ax + by =
.
3. (x0, y0) + b
= (b 0 b ), = 0 + b =
0 ( ) .
: o je (x0, y0) ax + by = ,
0 + b0 = . = 0 + b = 0 ( ), + b = (0 + b) + b(0 ) =
x0 + b + b0 b = ax0 + by0 = c, = 0 + b = 0
.
. ( , )
(0 + b, 0 ).
(, ) , + b = .
(0 + b) + b(0 ) = , (0 + b) + b(0 ) = + b. (0 + b ) + b(0 ) =
0.

b ( yo a )
. b

0 , 0 = a (m ).
= 0 m = 0 ( + m). + m = n (n ), = 0 n.
0 + b = bm, = 0 + b + bm = 0 + b( + m) = 0 + bn. = 0 + bn,
b 0, 0 + b

= 0 n, .
5. 4 + 5 = 100, .
: 0 = 0, 0 = 20 ,
: = 5, = 20 4 ( ).
: '''' '''',
: 0 = 25, 0 = 0

 = 25 + 5t, = 4t (t ). t = 5, = 5, = 20 4, .
.

.

, .
6. (, ) 4 + 7 = 2005?
: 4496 + 73 = 2005, (, ) = (496, 3).
= 496 7; = 3 + 4 ( ).
, : = 496 7 0 = 4 + 3 0.
7 496, 70. 4 3, 0. 0 70,
71 .
7. .
100 100 .
, , , ,
?2
: ,
1
+ + 5z = 100.
2
.

z. + + z = 100, 100.

1
4z = 0. = 8z. 8z + + z = 100, = 100
2
8z. : = 8; = 100 9; z = .
0 = 8 100 , 0 = 100 9 100, 0 11.

'''' , ,
, , 12:

10

11

16

24

32

40

48

56

64

72

80

88

100

91

82

73

64

55

46

37

28

19

10

10

11

1961. .

 ,
.
8. (, ) 7 2 32 = 17.
: 2 = 2 = b.
7 3b = 17 ( 0, b 0). 0 = 2, b0 = 1,
7 3b = 17, = 3 + 2, b = 7 1. , 2 = 3 + 2 2 = 7 1.
2 = 3 + 2, ,
3 2.
9. : 3 2 5 + 22 4 + 5
= 7?
: 32 5 + 22 4 + 5 = 7, 32 3 + 3 2 + 22 2 7 + 7
7 = 0. 3( +1) 2( + 1) 7( + 1) = 0, ( + 1)(3 2 7) = 03.
+ 1 = 0 3 2 7 = 0. , ,
: 1) = = + 1; 2) = 2 + 1 = 3 2 ( ).
10. x1 , x2 , ... , x2005 x12 + x22 + ... + x20052 = 2035.
x1 , x2 , ... , x2005.
: i 1, a 1. 1, 2, ... ,
2, +1 = ... = 2005 = 1. 12 + 22 + ... + 2 4, 2035 = (12 + 22
+ ... + 2) + (+12 + ... +20042 + 20052 ) 4 + (2005 ) = 3 2005. 2035 3 2005
3 30, 10. 11 = ... = 2005 = 1, 112 + 132 + ... + 20052 = 2005 10 = 1995.
12 + ... + 102 = 2035 1995 = 40.
1, 2, ... , 10 , b , , d , f
, : + b + + d + + f = 10 + 4b + 9 + 16d + 25 + 36f = 40.
3b + 8 + 15d + 24 + 35f = 30.
f = 0. = 1, 3b + 8 + 15d = 6. b = 2, 0,
+ b + + d + + f = 3, , 10. = 0, 3b + 8 + 15d
= 30. 3b, 15d 30 3, 8, = 3 = 0.
1) = 3, 3b + 24 + 15d = 30, b + 5d = 2 :
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
b = 2 d = 0, = 3, = f = 0, = 5, 3 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 1 + ... + 1 = 27 + 8 + 2000 = 2035
(3 , 2 2000 );
2) = 0, 3b + 15d = 30, b + 5d = 10 :
2
2
2
2
b = 10, = = d = = f = 0, 2 + ... 2 + 1 + ... + 1 = 40 + 1995 = 2035 (10 1995
);
2
2
2
2
2
b = 5 d = 1, = = f = 0, = 4, 4 + 2 + ... 2 + 1 + ... + 1 = 16 + 20 + 1999 = 2035 (1
, 5 1999 );
2
2
2
2
b = 0 d = 2, = = f = 0, = 8, 4 + 4 + 1 + ... + 1 = 32 + 2003 = 2035 (2 2003
).
4 .

(, ) = (9, 10).
(9, 10) .


1.

7 4 60
. , ?

2.

2007 2 5 .
?

3.

x y 4x + 9y = 58.

4.

15 18 . 1234
, ,
?

5.

:
) 3x + 15y = 2006;

b) 21x 35y = 88 ;

c) 18x2 33y2 = 4444444.

6.

,
: a) 3x 5y = 77;
b) 4x + 11y = 121;
c) 7x 100y = 35.

7.

(, ) 3x + 7y = 555?

8.

:
a) x + 2y + 3z = 16;
b) 2x + 3y + 4z = 23.

9.

16, 17 40 . ,
, 100 g ?

10.

3 5 .
1001 ? ?

11.

0,5 () , 2, 5.
100 100 ?

12.

x y x2 + 4y2 = 244.

13.

: 52 + 3y2 = 1033

14.

2 7 1234
. , ?

15.

13 1995
1, 2 3. 3?

16.

17.

,
( )

281

140
.4

.
18.

1984
?

19.

O 2, 3, 4, 5 6
.

20.

13cm 1994 .
?

, ,
.

21.

15 .

22.

* 3 4 . , 69
. 3, 4 ?

23.

20 . 8 ,
5 , . 13 .
?

24.

(, y) 3 + 8y = 1996.

25.

y (5, 3).
(, 0) (0, b). b
b .

26.

9
. .

27.

y 4 + 7y = 1998.
?

1.

A , , 7 + 4 = 60. 4,
: = 0, = 15; = 4, = 8; = 8, = 1.

2.

2 5 . 2 + 5 = 2007.
= 1, = 401, : = 5 + 1, = 401 2. 1
1003 1 401 1 5 + 1 1003 1 401 2 401, 0 200,
201 .

3.

= 10, = 2, : = 9 + 10, = 2 4.

4.

, . 15 + 18 =
1234 , 3, .

5.

) D (3, 15) = 3, a 2006 3;

b) D (21, 35) = 7, 88 7;
c)D (18, 33) = 3, 4444444 3. .

6.

) = 29, = 2, = 5 + 29, = 3 + 2.
b) = 0, = 11, = 11, = 11 - 4.
c) = 5, = 0, = 100 + 5, = 7.

7.

= 185, = 0, : = 185 7, = 3.
3 185 3 79 3 3 79, 1 26, 26
: (3, 78); (10, 75); ... (171, 6); (178, 3).

8.

) + 2 3, 3z 16 3 = 13, 1 z 4.
: (1, 6, 1); (3, 5, 1); (5, 4, 1); (7, 3, 1); (9, 2, 1); (11, 1, 1); (2, 4, 2); (4, 3, 2);
(6, 2, 2); (8, 1, 2); (1, 3, 3); (3, 2, 3); (5, 1, 3); (1, 1, 4).
b) 2 + 3 5, 4z 23 5 = 18, 1 z 4. -
: (8, 1, 1); (5, 3, 1); (2, 5, 1); (3, 3, 2); (6, 1, 2); (4, 1, 3); (1, 3, 3); (2, 1, 4).

9.

, z 16, 17 40 g. 16 + 17 + 40z =
100. z = 0, 16 + 17 = 60 16 + 17 = 20
. 16 + 17 = 100, = 2, = 4, z = 0 .

10.

3, 5 ,
3 + 5 = 1001. (332, 1) , : =
332 5, = 3 + 1. 0 = 3 + 1 200, 0 66, 67 .
, . 201 ,
333 .

11.

, z. + + z = 100,
1
100.
+ 2 + 5z = 100.
2
+ + z = 100 + 4 + 10z = 200.
3 + 9z = 100. ,
3, , 100 100 .

12.

2 = 2 = b, + 4b = 244. : = 0, b = 61,
= 2 = 4 b = 2 = 61 . 61 .
= 25 = 36. : = 10, = 6 = 12, = 5.

13.

2 = 2 = b, 5 + 3b = 1033. : = 2, b =
341, = 2 = 3 + 2 b = 2 = 341 5. 2 = 3 + 2
3 0 1, .

14.

2 , 7 , 2 + 7 = 1234.
= 617, = 0, = 617 7 = 2. 1
617 0 176 0 2 176, 0 88, 89
: (1, 176); (8, 174); ... (610, 2); (617, 0). ,
89 , (177 ),
(617 ).

15.

, z 1, 2 3. + + z = 1995 + 8 + 27z =
133 = 2197. , 7 + 26z = 202. ''''
= 14, z = 4, = 1995 18 = 1977.

16.

140 = 2257 , 4, 5 7.
x
y
z
281

, 35 + 28 + 20z = 281 1 (mod 4).

4
5
7
140
8, 35x 1 (mod 4). = 3 = 7.
= 7, 35 + 28 + 20z 245 + 28 + 20 = 293 281, = 3. 28 +

20z = 176 7 + 5z = 44, = 2 z = 6.

17.

3
2
6
281

.
4
5
7
140

abc , 100 + 10b + = ab ba bc cb ac ca = 22( + b

+ ), : 78 = 12b + 21 26 = 4b + 7.
22, 11, - b + = 0 b + = 11.
= b - , 26(b ) = 4b + 7, 2 b = 3, b 3,
b 3, 6 9. 132, 264 396.
= 11 + b , 26(11 + b ) = 4b + 7, 26 + 2b = 3 ,
3 = 26 + 2b 28, .

18.

( 1)
= 1984 (2 + + 1) =
2
21984 = 2731. 2 + + 1 , = 31 = 2 7 =
128.
= 31, 2 + 32 = 128, = 48
( + 1) + ( + 2) + ... + ( + ) = 1984. +

49 + 47 + ... + 79 = 1984.
= 128, 2 + 129 = 31, .
19.

= abcdef . 6 ,
999999:6 = 166666, = 1. 2 3 4 5 6
, 2, 3, 4, 5 6 ,
, 0. f ,
, 5 0, .
5, 5 f 5.
f 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ,
, .
1, 5 f. f, 5 5, 3 3f,
, , 1. f = 7,
2, 4 6 4, 8 2 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 8.
200000 2 299999 100000 149999, b 4.
700000 5 799999, 140000 , b 4, b = 4.
142587, 142857, 145287, 145827, 148257 148527.
142857, , 2, 3, 4, 5 6 : 142857, 285714, 428571,
571428, 714285 857142.

20.

1, 2, ... , 1994 1, 2, ... , 2

+1 = +2 = ... = 1994 = 1. 133 = 2197 = 13 + 23 +...+ 19943 8 + 1994 = 7 + 1994,
7 2197 1994 = 203, 29. 13 + 23 +...+ 293 + 1 + 1 + ... + 1 = 1994, 13 +
23 +...+ 293 = 2197 1965 = 232. 1 ... 29 1, b
2, 3, d 4, 5 f 6.
+ b + + d + + f = 29 + 8b + 27 + 64d + 125 + 216f = 232.
7b + 26 + 63d + 124 + 215f = 203. f = 0,
: 7b + 26 + 63d + 124 = 203. 0 1, = 0 7b + 26 +
63d = 203. 7, 63 203 7, 26 7, = 0 = 7.
7b + 63d = 203 7b + 63d = 21, b + 9d = 29 b + 9d = 3.
:
:
1
2
3
4
1965
29
0
0
1973
20
0
1
1981
11
0
2
1989
2
0
3
1984
3
7
0

21.

5
0
0
0
0
0

100 + 10 + z = 15( + + z). 85 = 5 + 14z. 5 85 5

z, 17 = 17 = + 14. ( 9
1), - : = 1, = 3, z = 5, . 135 = 15(1 + 3 + 5).

22.

3 4 . 3 + 4 + 2( + ) =
5 + 6 = 69. 6 69 3, 3.
(3, 9), : = 3 + 6, = 9 5. :
(3, 9); (9, 4), 12, 13 .

23.

, , z ,
+ + z = 20 8 5 = 13. - = 20 z, 8 5(20 z) = 13,

113 13 x
3( x 1 )
22 2 x
. 1 = 5, =
5
5
5
+
1,
z = 20 - 13, = 8 - 1. = 0, = 6, = z = 7.
13 + 5z = 113, z

24.

: = 660 8, = 3 + 2.
0 82, 83 .

25.

= + n. , :
0 = + n; b = 0 + n 3 = 5 + n. n 3 + 5b = b.
( 5)(b 3) = 15, : (, b) (6, 18); (8, 8); (10, 6); (20, 4).

26.

xy , 100 + = 9(10 + ), 10 = 8 5 = 4.
= 4, = 5, 45.

27.

4x + 7y = 1998 : = 496 7, = 4 + 2.
0 = 4 + 2 85, 0 70, 71
.