More On Op Amps Telescopic and Folded Cascode: Circuit 1 (Poor Bias Strategy)

EECS140 ANALOG CI RCUI T DESI GN MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPI C AND FOLDED CASCODE
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22

University of California
Berkeley
College of Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
and Computer Science
Robert W. Brodersen
EECS140 Fall,2002
Analog Circuit Design
More
on Op Amps
TELESCOPIC and FOLDED CASCODE
MOA-1
+
-
+
-
+
-
V
dd
V
dd
Vdd
M13
M12
M11
M10
M9
M8
M7
M6
M5
M4
M3
M2
M1
V
id
2
------
Vi d
2
------
I
REF
I2
I
1
R
C
V
i c
V
G8
VG6
OUT
Telescopic - OP AMP
Circuit 1 (Poor Bias
4 1
10 1
2
1
10 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
Strategy)
MOA-2
Circuit 1 :
Telecopic OP AMP with BAD Bias of cascode :
The currents are balanced so that all transistors have,
I
DS
I
REF
=
except for M13 which has,
Since,
I
DS13
2 I
REF
=
then,
This also implies that,
similarily,
So if the input has,
I
1
I
2
I
REf
= =
V
GS3
V
GS4
V
GS9
= =
V
DS4
V
DS3
=
VDS5 VDS6 =
V
i d
0 =
(all W/Ls are equal also)
MOA-3
then,
The gate of M8 is also at,
due to its connection to M11, so,
The swing in the positive direction will be,
But since,
this means the swing is only 1 V
T
in the positive direction. In the
negative direction,
but since,
the swing is only V
T
again.
V
OUT
V
DD
2 V
To
2 V
DSAT
V
G6
(if 0 ) = = =
V
DD
2 V
To
2 V
DSAT

VOUT VG6 VG 8 = =
V
OUTMAX
+
,

V
G6
V
T
+ =
VOUT VG6 =
V
OUT MI N
- -
,
V
G8
V
T
=
V
OUT
V
G8
=
MOA-4
Thus the total swing is only 2V
T
... not too good.
In the positive direction we could use a high swing configuration
as was described for the cascoded current source.
On the low side we can use a better circuit.
Circuit 2 :
Telescopic with a cascode bias that gives a better swing in the
negative direction.
Maximum voltage in the positive direction is given by M6 going
linear when,
Negative swing is limited by M8 going linear,
Set V
A
so that M1 & M2 are at the edge of saturation
V
OUTMAX
+
,
VDD VG S3 VDS AT6 >
V
OUT MI N ,
- - VA VT8 =
EECS140 ANALOG CI RCUI T DESI GN LECTURES ON MOS DEVI CE MODELS
ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 2 FALL, 1998
MOA-5
Circuit 2 (Better Bias)
M13 M12
M9
M8 M7
M6 M5
M4 M3
M2
M1
I
REF
2
-------
I
b
R
C
I R E F
2
-------
VA
V
S
d12
d9
d5
d4
d3
d2 d1
OUT
I R E F
Telescopic - OP AMP
2 1 2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
2 1
10 1
10 1
2 30
1
2
V
DD
V
dd
5V =
V
dd
5V =
MOA-6
Telescopic Op Amp
R
C
M1 M2
M3 M4
M5 M6
M7 M8
M9
M12 M13
V
DD
V
DD
V
DD
V
DD
V
T
V + ( )
V
DD
2 V
T
V + ( )
VDD 2 V VT
g
m
r
o
2
gm ro
2
Max swing positive :

V
D D
2 V V
T

Telescopic Op Amp (Cont.)
VA VS VDS AT9 VT 9 + + =
V
DS2
V
DS AT2
for setting M2 at EOS =
VDS2 VA VT8 VDS AT8 VS =
V
S
V
DS AT9
V
T9
V
T 8
V
DS AT8
V
S
+ + =
VDS2 VDS AT9 VDSAT8 VDS AT2 for EOS = =
VDS AT9 VDS AT2 VDSAT8 + =
W
L
-----

8
W
L
-----

7
=
W
L
-----

1
W
L
-----

2
=
MOA-7
MOA-8
This means that,
Since this will set,
To calculate the (W/L)
9
and I
B
to do this we set,
since,
If we say,
then
VA VS VDS AT2 VT 8 VDSAT 8 + + + =
V
DS2
V
DS AT2
=
V
DS 9 ,
V
A
V
S
V
DS AT2
V
T 8
V
DSAT 8
+ + = =
V
DS 9 ,
V
T9
V
DS AT9
+ =
V
DS AT9
V
T 8
V
T9
( ) V
DS AT2
V
DSAT8
+ + =
VT 8 VT9
2 I
B
k'n
W
L
-----

9
----------------------

1 2 /
2 I
DS 2
k'n
--------------

1 2 /
1
W
L
-----

8
1 2 /
---------------
1
W
L
-----

2
1 2 /
--------------- +

2
=
MOA-9
so,
if,
W
L
-----

9
IB
I
S
---
W
L
-----

8
1 2 /
W
L
-----

2
1 2 /
+
2
=
W
L
-----

2
10 =
W
L
-----

8
2 = I B 0.79A = I S 10.5A =
then,
W
L
-----

9
1
15
------
Gain and R
out
GM gm1 (cascoding has no effect on gm ) =
ROUT gm6 ro4 ( ) ro6 [ ] gm8 r o2 ( ) ro8 [ ] | | =
Ad gm1
gm6 gm 8 ro4 ro6 ro2 r o8 ( )
g
m6
r
o4
r
o6
g
m8
r
o2
r
o8
+
-------------------------------------------------------------- =
MOA-10
To see the current dependence let,
and,
g
m
g
m1
g
m6
= =
r
o
r
o4
r
o6
r
o2
r
o8
= = = =
A
d
g
m
2
r
o
2
I D S
I
DS
2
-----
1
I
DS
-----

Gain keeps increasing as we decrease the current.
g
m6
r
o4
r
o6

2 I
DS
VDS AT6
-------------

1
p IDS
---------------

1
p I DS
---------------

=
Ad
2 I DS
V
DSAT 1
-------------

2
I
D S
-----
1
V
DS AT6

p
2
----------------------
1
V
DS AT8

n
2
----------------------
| |

=
4
VDS AT1
------------
1
VDS AT6 p
2
VDS AT8 n
2
+
--------------------------------------------------

=
MOA-11
4.50
4.250
4. 0
3.750
3.50
3. 0
2.750
2.50
2.250
2. 0
1.750
1.50
1.250
1. 0
750.0M
500.0M
250.0M
0.
-250.0M
-500.0M
3.250
V
O
L
T
S
L
I
N
VOLTS [LIN] -20.0M -10.0M 0. 10.0M 20.0M
CASCODED DIFF PAIR - GATE VOLTAGE SWEEP
96 / 10 / 05 14:40:14
DIFCAS2.SW0
V(VOUT)
Gain = 3.5k
Gain = 240k
MOA-12
4.250
4.0
3.750
3.50
3.0
2.750
2.50
2.250
2.0
1.750
1.50
1.250
1.0
750.0M
500.0M
250.0M
0.
-250.0M
3.250
-547.94U
-400.0U -200.0U 0. 200.0U 400.0U
513.699U
V
O
L
T
S
L
I
N
VOLTS [LIN]
CASCODED DIFF PAIR - GATE VOLTAGE SWEEP
96 / 10 / 05 15:50:49
DIFCAS2.SW0
V(VOUT)
(W/L)
9
= 1/30
M6 Linear
M2 Linear
M8 Linear
M4 Linear
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MOA-13
MOA-14
V
dd
V
dd
M13
M12
M11
M10
M9
M4 M3
M6 M5
M14
M2 M1
R
ref
OUT
V
dd
M8
M7
I R E F
2
-------
1 2
I
REF
2
-------
Folded Cascode Circuit 3 :
EECS140 ANALOG CI RCUI T DESI GN LECTURES ON FREQUENCY RESPONSE
MOA-15
4.50
4.0
3.50
3.0
2.50
2.0
1.50
1.0
500.0M
0.
-500.0M
-1.0
-1.50
-2.0
-2.50
-3.0
-3.50
-4.0
-4.50
-5.0
-3.0M -2.0M -1.0M 0. 1.0M 2.0M 3.0M
V
O
L
T
S
L
I
N
VOLTS [LIN]
FOLDED CASCODE - VID AND VIC SWEEPS
96 / 10 / 05 17:37:00
FOLD.SW0
V(VOUT)
MOA-16
*
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d
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v
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p
c
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l
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w
=
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u
m
7

d
5

d
1
1

d
1

v
d
d
-

n
c
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l
=
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u

w
=
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u
m
8

v
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d
1
1

d
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v
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d
Folded Cascode (Cont.)
Upper and lower cascodes could be biased for high swing thus
max swing could be within 2V
DSAT
of each rail.
There is some current splitting at the point of the folding.
However when calculating GM the output (drain of M8) is grounded
so R
UP
is about 1/g
m
with R
DOWN
being r
o
.
R
D8
RUP
RDOWN
M8
M10
GM gm
R
DOWN
R
UP
R
DOWN
+
--------------------------
=
MOA-17
MOA-18
Folded Cascode (Cont.)
There is a loss in R
out
as well since M10 must sink DC current
from both M2 and M8, thus reducing its r
o
A
R
OUT
CASCODE FOLDED CASCODE
same currents,
from examples
same device size
336K 125K
2,446K 1,486K
MOA-19
V
dd
V
dd
M13
M12
M11
M10
M9
M4
M3
M6
M5
M14
M2 M1
Rref
OUT
V
dd
M16
M8
M7
M15
High Swing Folded Cascode
1 2
W L 1 2 =
W L 1 2 =
W L 1 2 =
W L 1 2 = W L 1 4 =
MOA-20
Vdd
V
dd
M13
M12
M11
M10
M9
M4 M3
M6
M5
M14
M2
M1
R
ref
OUT
Vdd
M16
M8
M7
M15
1 2
W L 1 2 =
W L 1 2 =
W L 1 2 =
W L 1 2 = W L 1 4 =
High Swing Folded Cascode Circuit 4 :
V V
DSAT4
V
DSAT 3
= =
2 V VDSAT 9 VDS AT10 = =
IREF
2
-------
I
R E F
I
R E F
I
R E F
I
REF
2
-------
VD S A T 10 , 2 V =
VD D 2 V +
V
D D
V
T
2 2 V + +
VD D 2 V VT + +
VD D 2VT 3 2 V + +
VDS A T 4 , V =
V
D D
V
T
2 V
V
D D
V
VD D VT V
MOA-21
VOLTS [LIN]
-1.0M 1.0M 2.0M -2.0M 0.
HIGH SWING FOLDED CASCODE - VID AND VIC SWEEPS
96 / 10 / 06 11:39:37
FOLD2.SW0
V(VOUT) V(VOUT)
FOLD.SW0
High Swing Improvement
M15-M16 perform level shift to bias M9 and M10 at the edge
M7 and M8 have 1/2 sized W/L because the current is Iref/2.
The connection to M5 from M14 sets the M3 at the
MOA-22
Circuit 4 :
of linear.
linear operation.
The W/Ls are 1 unless otherwise shown. This is smaller than you
would want to use, but this was done to show the ratioing that is
required to place the output in high swing.
The Gain and Rout calculations are the same as for circuit 3 and are
carried out as described by DP-21 to DP-23.
edge of
MOA-23
High Swing Folded Cascode (Cont.)
R
O U P ,
r
o8
R
D
+
1 1 + ( ) r
o8
g
m8
+
------------------------------------------------ =
RD 0
RO U P ,
1
1
r
o8
----- 1 + ( ) g
m8
+
----------------------------------------
1
1 + ( ) g
m8
---------------------------- =
R
D
g
m
r
o
2

0 =
R
O U P ,
ro8 gm6 ro4 ro6 +
1 1 + ( ) r
o8
g
m8
+
------------------------------------------------ =
RO U P ,
g
m6
r
o4
r
o6

ro8 gm 8
-------------------------- ro
R
O U T S8 ,
r
o
3
---

More On Op Amps Telescopic and Folded Cascode: Circuit 1 (Poor Bias Strategy)

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More On Op Amps Telescopic and Folded Cascode: Circuit 1 (Poor Bias Strategy)

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EECS140 ANALOG CI RCUI T DESI GN MORE ON OP AMPS TELESCOPI C AND FOLDED CASCODE

ROBERT W. BRODERSEN LECTURE 22

Max swing positive :

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