Earthquake Guided Notes page494

What is stress? What is strain? How to they compare and

contrast? (make a Venn diagram
Stress Strain
Force per unit Deterioration of materials
caused by stress
Compression, tension, and
shear
Each type causes different types
of strain


What are the 3 different types of faults? Describe each.
Reverse Fault- Fractures form that form as a result of horizontal
compression
Normal Fault- Fractures caused by horizontal tension
Strike-Slip Fault- Fractures caused by horizontal shear
Materials &
Description
Sketch Movement
Primary
P-Waves
Squeeze and
pull rocks in
the same
direction along
which the
waves are
traveling

Back and forth
Secondary
S-waves
Cause rocks to
move at right
angles in
relation to the
direction of
waves

Right angles
Earthquake Guided Notes page494

Surface

Move in two
directions as
they pass
through rock
Up and
down/side to
side

How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes compare and
contrast? The focus is the starting point of the earthquake while
the Earths surface directly above the focus is the epicenter. The
focus is usually deep underground while the epicenter is on the
surface.

The greater the distance between P and S waves on a
seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance away from the
epicenter.

What is the name of the scale used to measure the energy
released during an earthquake? What is the range of the scale?
Seismometers measure earthquakes in seismic waves.

What is the name of the scale used to measure the intensity
(damage done) during and earthquake? What is the range of the
scale? The Richter Scale measures in a scale of one through ten.

Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a level 1, 5, and
10

Level one earthquakes cant normally be felt, level five
earthquakes are noticeable by all and some dishes and plaster
Earthquake Guided Notes page494

break, and level ten earthquakes causes most ordinary structures
to fall, rails get bent, and landslides are common.