k|ltzt M

k|ltztsf] kl/efiff, kl/ro,

leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf abNg] tl/sf,
bzdnjnfO{ k|ltztdf abNg] tl/sf .
afnaflnsfxnfO{ k|ltztsf] cjwf/0ff lbgsf] nflu leGgsf] cjwf/0ff;Fu klg
kl/lrt u/fpg' kb{5 . jf:tjdf k|ltzt eGgfn] ;odf slt efu elg hgfOg]
k4lt;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . o; cj:yfdf leGgsf] cjwf/0ff klg cfO g} xfNb5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu sIff % sf ljBfyL{xsf] nflu k|ltzztsf] cjwf/0ff lbg tnsf]
lrqsf] ;xof]u k|efjsf/L x'G5 .

dfyLsf] lrqdf !)) cf]6f ju{sf]7f ePsf] Pp6f 7"nf] ju{ 5 . ;f] !)) cf]6f dWo]
hDdf @% cf]6f ju{sf]7fdf 5fFof kfl/Psf] 5 .
5fFof kf/]sf] efufnfO{ leGgdf n]Vbf
o;sf] dtna

@%
! ))

@%
n]Vg]
! ))

ul/G5 .

Pp6f leGg xf] h;sf] c+z @% 5 / x/df !)) 5 . o;nfO{

zAbdf JoQm ubf{ lgDgfg';f/ x'g ;S5 .

!)) efu dWo] @% efudf 5fFof kfl/Psf] 5 .
cyf{t
dfyLsf] lrqdf k|lt ;o dWo] @% cf]6f sf]7fdf 5fFof kfl/Psf] 5 .
jf o;nfO{ @% k|ltzt eGg ;lsG5 . oxfF k|ltzt eGgfn] k|lt ;o eGg] a'emfpF5
.
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To;sf/0f s'g} klg leGg, h;sf] x/df !)) 5 . To;nfO{ k|ltztdf JoQm ug]{
;lsG5 . t;y{ k|ltzt eGgfn] k|lt;odf slt efu eGg] a'emfpF5 . k]m/L of] xf]Og
ls ;a} leGgx k|ltztsf] ?kdf /x]sf x'G5g\ . ;fdfGo ?kdf s] eGg ;lsG5
eg] k|ltzt eg]sf] To:tf] leGg xf] h;sf] x/df !)) x'G5 . ;a} leGgxsf] x/df
!)) gePtf klg To;nfO{ !)) agfP/ k|ltztdf JoQm ug{ ;lsG5 .
# ) $) $%
sf]
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pbfx/0f NofO JofVof u/]sf] VDO /

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x/df !))

gePsf]n] o;nfO{ # eGg g;lsg] af/]df k|:6 agfO{lbg] .

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nfO{ 5f]6s/Ldf @% n]lvG5 .

jf @% k|ltzt
jf @%

!
! ))

o;sf] dtna k|ltztnfO{ cs]{df JoQm ubf{

!
n]
! ))

hgfpg] ul/G5 .

pbfx/0fsf] nflu ztk|ltzt eGg] rngnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .

ztk|ltzt eGgfn] !)) df !)) eGg] a'emfpF5 . of] !)) df !)) eg]sf] dflysf]
lrqdf !)) dfu dWo] !)) efu g} xf] . leGgdf n]Vbf,
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cyf{t ztk|ltzt
slxn]sfxL ! eg]sf] ztk|ltzt eg]/ a'emfpg] klg ul/G5 lsgeg]

! ))
eg]sf]
! ))

xf] .

leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf abNg] tl/sf M

leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf abNg ;lsG5 . lsgeg] k|ltzt eg]sf] To:tf] leGg xf] h;sf]
x/df !)) x'G5 . leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf abNbf ;fdfGot b'O{cf]6f tl/sfx k|of]udf
Nofpg] ul/G5 .

s_ s'g} klg leGgnfO{ ;f]e}m !)) k|ltztn] u'0fg ug]{ / Tof] ;+o'Qmldl>t
leGgnfO{ ;/nLs[t ug]{ .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu

@
nfO{
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lng ;lsG5 .

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= !))

-xfdLn] dfly g} elg ;Sof}F ls !)) eg]sf] ! klg xf] . s'g} klg leGgnfO{ ! n]
u'0fg ubf{ tflTjs leGgtf b]lvb}g . t;y{

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nfO{
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!)) k|ltzt jf ! n] u'0ff

u/]sf] ._
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o;}nfO{ o;/L klg n]Vg ;lsG5 .
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n] c+z / x/ u'0fg u/]sf] . lsgeg] x/ / c+zdf a/fa/

ubf{ leGgdf vf;} km/s kb}{g ._

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o;} u/L lzIfsn]

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u/]/ b]vfO{lbg] .

of] wf/0ff k|:6 u/fpg cem csf]{ Pp6f pbfx/0f lbg ;lsG5 . h:t} M
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leGgnfO{
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k|ltztdf abNg] .

dfly s} lgodcg';f/,
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x'Fbf dflysf] pbfx/0fdf h:t} # n] cyf{t x/n]

!)) nfO{ ljif]z ug]{ u/]/ efu hfb}g . o; cj:yfdf c+z / !)) u'0fg ug'{kb{5 .
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ca # n] @)) nfO{ efu ug'{kb{5 .

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n]Vg ;lsG5 . To;} u/L efukmn cyf{t ^^ kl5 bzdnj /fv]/ k'gM

efu ug{ klg ;lsG5 . t/ of] lgz]if efu guP/ lg/Gt/ /lx /xG5 . of] efu kmn
ca n]Vbf ^^,^^,========= x'g] x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf bzdnadf efu gu/L leGgdf
g} /fVg' pko'Qm b]lvG5 .
t;y{
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o;} u/L lzIfsn] cGo pbfx/0f VDO dfk{mt klg lbPdf /fd|f] x'G5 . h:t} M
# !
, cflbnfO{ k|ltztdf abNg] .
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= ^ ^ x'g] eof] .

lbOPsf] leGgsf] x/nfO{ !)) agfpg] olb ;Dej ePdf . olb lbOPsf] leGgsf] x/
!)) sf] u'0fgv08x dWo]sf] 5 eg] o; cj:yfdf of] tl/sf ckgfpg klg
;lsG5 . !)) sf u'0fgv08x eGgfn] @,%,!),@),@%,%) cflb x'g\ . o;
cj:yfdf lbOPsf] leGgsf] x/n] !)) nfO{ efu ug]{, cfPsf] efukmnn] leGgsf]
c+z / x/ b'j}nfO{ u'0fg ug]{ .
pbfx/0f M
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xfdLn] dfly atfP h:t} lbOPsf] leGgsf] x/ % rfFlx !)) sf] u'0fgv08 xf] .
% n] !)) nfO{ efu ubf{ M
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efukmn @) cfpg] /x]5 .
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-lbOPsf] leGgsf] c+z / x/ b'j}nfO{ plx ;\Vofn] u'0fg ubf{

u'0fgkmndf vf;} km/s kb}{g ._

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=$) eGgfn] k|ltzt cyf{t
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= $)

?kdf n]Vg ;lsG5 ._

ePsf]n] ._

o;} u/L, slxn]sfxL leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf abNg csf]{ tl/sf klg k|rngdf Nofpg]
ul/Psf] kfOG5 .
of] tl/sf klg klxnf] cyf{t z'?sf] tl/sf;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] 5 . klxnf] tl/sfdf
lbOPsf] leGgnfO{ !)) n] u'0fg ul/G5 eg] o; tl/sfdf ;j{k|yd leGg nfO{
bzdnj ;\Vofdf ablnG5, clgdfq To; bzdnj ;\VofnfO{ !)) k|ltztn]
u'0fg ug'{kb{5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu,
@
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o;nfO{ bzdnj ;\Vofdf kl/jt{g ubf{ jf abNbf % n] @ nfO{ efu ul/G5 .

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=)=$ x'g cfpF5 .
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-s'g} klg ;\VofnfO{ k|ltztdf abNbf ;f]e}m !)) n] u'0fg ug{ ;lsG5 . xfdLn]
dfly g} elg ;Sof}F ls !)) eg]sf]

! ))

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cyf{t
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! n] u'0fg ubf{ vf;} km/s kb}{g .

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o;} u/L lzIfsn] c? h:t} M

! @
, cflb
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nfO{ VDO af6 k|:6 agfO{lbg] .

of] tl/sfaf6 leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf abNbf x/n] c+znfO{ efu ubf{ efukmn lglZrt
5 eg] dfq ;/n x'G5 .

!
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leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf abNbf of] tl/sf Tolt

pko'Qm dflgb}Fg, lsgeg] o; leqsf] x/n] c+znfO{ lgz]if ?kdf efu hfb}Fg .
o:tf leGgxnfO{ k|ltztdf abNbf lbOPsf] leGgnfO{ g} ;f]e}Fm !)) k|ltzt
cyf{t !)) n] u'0fg ug'{kb{5 .
h:t} M
!
#
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= ! ))

leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf abn] h:t} bzdnj ;\VofnfO{ klg k|ltztdf abNg ;lsG5
. leGgdf h:t} o;df b'O{cf]6f tl/sf ckgfpg ;lsG5 .
s_ lbOPsf] bzdnj ;\VofnfO{ ;f]e}m !)) n] u'0fg u/L ;/nLs[t ug]{ M
h:t} M
)=@% nfO{ k|ltztdf abNg] .
=)=@%!))
=@%=))
=@%
o; tl/sf f/f h'g;'s} bzdnj ;\VofnfO{ k|ltztdf abNg ;f]e}m !)) n]
u'0fg ug]{ / To;nfO{ ;/nLs[t ug]{ . jf:tjdf ljBfyL{xsf nflu of] tl/sf ;/n
klg 5 .
lzIfsn] VDO sf] dfWodf/f yk cEof;x u/fpg ;S5g\ .

v_ lbOPsf] bzdnj ;\VofnfO{ ;j{k|yd bzdnj x6fP/ leGgdf n}hfg] .

clgdfq pQm leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf abNg] . o; lgod f/f abNbf x/df !),
!)), !))) cflb h:tf ;\Vofx cfpg] x'gfn] leGgnfO{ k|ltztdf n]Vg
;lhnf] klg x'G5 .
pbfx/0fsf] nflu )=@ nfO{ k|ltztdf abNg]
=)=@
=

@
!)

-bzdnj x6fpg] lgodcg';f/_

lbOPsf] leGgsf] x/ !)) sf] u'0fg v08 ePsf] x'gfn] !) n] !)) nfO{ efu ubf{
efukmn !) cfpF5 . clg !) n] c+z / x/ b'j}df u'0fg ug]{ .
@ ! )
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=@)
! )! ) ! ))

x'G5 .

To;} u/L )=@% nfO{ k|ltztdf abNg] .

=)=@%!
=

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-bzdnj x6fpg] lgodcg';f/_

=@% - @ %

!
n]v]/
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@% n]lvPsf_

To;} u/L cem csf]{ pbfx/0f x]/f}F

)=#&%
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x6fpg] lgodcg';f/_

ca oxfF x/df !)) eGbf a9L 5 . t;y{ To;nfO{ !)) / csf]{ u'0fgv08df
5'6\ofpg' kb{5 .
;f] ug{ !)) n] !))) nfO{ efu ubf{ efukmn !) cfpF5 cyf{t !)))!)!))
n]Vg ;lsG5 .
#&%
! )! ))
#&% ! -k|ltztdf n}hfgsf]
! )! )) ! ))
#&% - ! 7fpFdf n]v]sf]_
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#&=% cyf{t #& % jf #& !
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nflu_

of] !) n] #&% nfO{ efu u/]/ cfPsf] xf] .

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jf #&
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t;y{ o;nfO{ #&=% jf

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n]Vg] ul/G5 t/

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n]lvb}Fg lsgeg] of] cem

;/n x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 .