BASICQA/QCQUESTIONS&ANSWERS

2009
QA/QCQuestionnaires
AFundamentalHandbookforInterview
QA/QC&InstrumentationInspection
ABUZARRARQUAISI
A L Q A M A R
QA/QCQuestionnaires

BasicQA/QCQuestions&Answers|Compiled&preparedbyAbu Zarrar Quaisi|ALQamar| 2

InstrumentationInspectionandQualityControlQuestioner
Q. WhatisQA/QC?
QA/QCmeans,QualityAssurance/QualityControlthepurposeofthis(QA/QC)istoestablish
the sequence of requirement for the quality of material, quality of works, its inspection and
records.

Q. WhatarebasicresponsibilitiesofQA/QCpersonals?
Toensureexecutionofworksandcomplyfullyasperstandardandapprovedspecs.

Q. WhatarethebasicrequireddocumentsforaQA/QCpersonal?
ThebasicrequireddocumentsQA/QCpersonalareasfollowing:
ITP: toconducttheQualitycheck(inspection/witness/surveillance)etc.
WP: standardproceduretoexecutetheworks.(WorkProcedure)
P&ID: asareferencetoensurethattheworkisasperstandarddrawing.
MTC: ToensurethatthematerialcompliesthePESstandardspecs.
PP: ToensurethattheInstrumentsareinstalledasperP&IDandPPasperconvenience.
IDS/ISS:Toensurethattheinstrumentcomplywiththebasicrequirement.
RFI: Toconducttheinspectionofcompletedworks.(RequestforInspection)
QR: Tomaintainthequalityrecordsofcompletedworksetc.
QCO: Toissueawarningincaseoflittleviolationandobservation
NCR: Toissueawarningincaseofseriousviolationofstandard.(NonComplianceReport)
CalibrationReport:ToensureparametersarefunctioncheckedasperIDS.
HookUp:Toensurethattheremoteconnectionofpneumaticisdonecorrectly.
WiringDiagrams:Toensurethatthewiringisdonecorrectly.

Q. WhatareQA/QCsITPsandQCP?Giveabrief.
ITP: Thisprocedureinformsaboutthekindsofqualitycheck(surveillance,inspection,
witnessorholdpoints)meansqualityofworkbeingdoneinpropersequences.
QCP: Thisprocedureaddresstheactivitiesandrequirementindetails

Q. WhatisNCR?WhydoesitneedforaQA/QCpersonal?
NCRmeansNonComplianceReport,QA/QCpersonalhasreservetherighttoissueawarningif
thecontractordoesntcomplyorviolatewiththestandardprocedure.

QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. Whatarethegeneralworkprocedures(WP)?
Thegeneralsequenceofactivitieswillbeasfollows:
a)ReceivingDrawingandDocuments
b)ReproductionofDrawings
c)IssuingofDrawingtosite
d)NewIssuingNewRevisions
e)ShreddingofDrawings
f)RedliningDrawings
g)TransmittalofredlinestoClient(Asbuilt)
h)RestrictedaccesstotheDCO
i)WorkPermitpriortostarttheworks
j)Record
Q. WhatarecommonPPErequired?Giveabrief.
FollowingarethecommonPPEforasafeandqualityworksstandardprocedure:
Qualification : Awarenessaboutallkindsofsafetystandard/codesandwork
procedure.
Experience : Qualifiedfortheworksexecution.
Use(PPE) : Properequipmentsandtoolsshallbeusedtoavoidinjuries/loss.
SafetyShoes,Helmet,Glass,Gloves,Earplugs,Harnessproper
toolsandcertifiedequipments.
Q. Whatisredlining?Briefitscolorcoding.
In case of any change occur to the standard approved drawing while the project is being
constructed or tested the relevant drawing will be redlined. Following color coding shall be
usedforthispurpose:
Red : Ifanyadditionrequiredinthedrawing.
Green: Ifanydeletionisrequiredfromthedrawing.
Blue : ifanycommentisadded.
Q. WhatarethedifferencebetweenInspection(Surveillance),witnessandHold point?
Inspection : Workcanbeexecutewithoutclientsinspectionanditcanbe
Inspectsomepartofthemifitrequired.
Witness : Workcanbeexecutewithoutclientinspectionandthenitcanbe
inspecteduponthecompletionofwork.
HoldPoint : Workcantbeexecutedwithoutclientinspection.

QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. WhatisdifferencebetweenHazardousandNonHazardousarea?
Hazardous: AHazardouslocationisdefinedasanareawhereapotentialforfireor
explosionexistduetothepresenceofflammablegases,liquidorvapors,
combustibledustsorfibersandflyinginsufficientquantitiestoproducea
nexplosionorignitablemixture.
NonHazardous: Anareawherenoriskofpresenceofanykindsexposition.
Q. Whataredifferentkindsofcertification?
i) WeatherProof
ii) DustProof
iii) WaterTight
iv) ExplosionProof
v) FlameProof
vi) IntrinsicSafetyProof
Q. WhatisISO?Explainsomeofitsstandards?
ISOmeansInternationalStandardOrganization;someofthemareasbelow:
ISO:9001,ISO:9002,ISO:9003etc.
Q. WhatareZoneclassifications?Giveabrief.
Zoneclassificationisdefiningtheareaofhazards,theyareasbelow;
Zone0: A zone in which explosions gas/air mixture is continuously present or
presentforextendedperiods,duringnormaloperation.
Zone1: A zone in which explosions gas/air mixture is likely to occur in normal
operation.
Zone2: A zone in which explosions gas/air mixture is not likely to occur in the
normaloperationandifitoccurs,itwillonlyexistforashorttime.
Zone10: Azoneinwhichexplosivedustatmosphereispresentcontinuouslyorfor
extendedperiodsoftime.
Zone11: Azoneinwhichthereislikelihoodthatexplosiveatmospheremayoccur
forshortperiodsduetounsettleddustlayers.
Q. Whatarethestandardheightstoinstalltheinstruments?
A standard height to install the instruments is 14 meters, but it can vary less or more as per
locationsconvenience.
Q. WhatisLoopCheck?
Toensurethatthesystemwiringfromfieldtocontrolconsolefunctioning.
Q. Explaintuningofcontroller;(a)ClosedLoopMethod,(b)OpenLoopMethod.
Tuning basically involves adjustment of +I+D parameters to achieve good control. The gain,
time,constants&deadtimearoundtheloopwilldictatethesettingsofvariousparametersof
controllers.
a) ClosedLoopMethod : Ultimategainmethod
b) OpenLoopMethod : processreactioncurve
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. Whatareareaclassifications?Giveabrief.
AsperNECandNACA,followingarethehazardclassification;
ClassI:Locationinwhichflammablegasesorvaporsmaybepresentintheatmosphere
inquantitiessufficienttoproduceexplosiveorignitablemixture.
ClassIgases/vaporsaredividedintofourfollowinggroups
GroupA: PresenceofAcetylene
GroupB: PresenceofHydrogen,Butadiene,EthyleneOxideetc.
GroupC: PresenceofEthylene,CycloPropane,CarbonMonoOxideetc.
GroupD: Presence of Gasoline, Acetone, Butane, Propane, Alcohol, natural gas
(Methane)etc.
Class II : Location in which the presence of combustible dust are in the air in sufficient
quantitytoigniteorexplode.
ClassIIconductive/nonconductivedustisdividedintothreeasbelow:
GroupE: Presenceofmetaldusts(Aluminum,Magnesiumandchemicaldustsetc).
GroupF: Presenceofblackcarbon,charcoal,coalorcokedustsetc.
GroupG: Presenceofnonconductivedust(foam,starch,combustibleplasticetc).
ClassIII:Locationinwhicheasilyignitablefibersorflyingarepresentbutarenotlikelyto
beinsuspensioninairinquantitiessufficienttoproduceignitablemixture.
Division1 : The Hazards are present continuously or periodically under
normaloperationcondition.
Division2 : The Hazards are only presents during accidental or abnormal
conditions.
Q. Whyisflowmeasuredinsquareroot?
FlowvariesdirectlyasthesquarerootofD.P(DifferentialPressure)sincethisflowvariesasthe
squarerootoftheD.Pthependoesnotdirectlyindicateflow.Theflowcanbedeterminedby
takingthesquarerootofthepen.
Saythepenreads50%ofchart.
Q. Whatisthediameterofthetransmitternozzle?
0.030
Q. Howwillyouwork/removeonacontrolvalvewhichisinline?

FigureBYPASSVALVE
Inletandoutletdischargemanualvalvetobe
closedbytheoperatorandtagged.
The valve No. 1 to be closed first. Control valve
should be in fully open condition. Valve No. 2
closed. Secondly the line has to be drained and
depressurizedbeforeremoving.
1 1
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. Whatarethestandardnozzlesorientationsforprocesscontrolsystems?

Q. WhatisdifferentbetweenOpenLoopandCloseLoop?
OpenLoop : ALoopSystemwhichoperatesdirectwithoutanyfeedbackand
generatestheoutputinresponsetoaninputsignal.
CloseLoop : A loop system which uses a measurement of the output signal through
feedbackandacompanionwiththedesiredoutputtogenerateanerror
signalthatisappliedtotheactuator.
Q. Whatisfeedforwardandfeedbackwardcontrolsystem?


Feedforward control is a system in which corrective action is based on measurement of
disturbanceinputsintotheprocess.
Feed backward control involves the detection of the controlled variable & counter acting of
changesinitsvaluerelativetosetpointbyadjustmentofthemanipulatedvariable.
Q. WhatisLogicGate?
ADigitallogiccircuitwithoneormoreinputvoltagebutonlyoneoutputvoltage.
Q. WhatdoesatransmitterO/Psignalstartfrom315or420m.a.?
Linearandcancheckupweatheritslivezeroordeadzero

Figure2.FeedBackward
Figure1GASSERVICE
Itshouldbe45eitherSide
ofthepipeorvertical
Figure2LIQUIDSERVICE
Horizontalor45 below
ofeithersideofpipe
Figure3STEAMSERVICE
Horizontaloraboveit
45 eithersideofpipe
Figure1.FeedForwardControl
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. WhyisM.A.signalpreferredforsignaltransmission?
Noisereductionandnocurrentdropforlongtransmissionlines.

Q. ExplainCascadecontrol(Topreventoutsidedist.

Cascademeanstwocontrollersinseries,oneofthemisamatterofprimary&thesecondisthe
secondaryorslave.TheO/Poftheslavecontrolleroperatesthefinalcontrol.
Q. Explainthreeelementfeedwatercontrolsystem.

Q. WhatisFoundationFieldbussystem?
AfullydigitalcontrolsystemiscalledFoundationFieldbussystem.

FEEDWATER
CONTROL
DRUMLEVEL
CONTROL
STEAM
CONTROL
COMPUTING
RELAY
P3=R(P2P1
K)+P4+K0
R=GAIN
KI=Adj.Suppression
R0=Adj.Bras
P1
P2
P3
P4
Figure.FEEDWATERCONTROLSYSTEM
PIC
TT
FEEDWATER
STEAM
TIC
PT
PV
FUELGAS
SLAVE
REMOTEPOINT
Figure.Cascadecontrol
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. WhataremeantFAT,SAT,RAT?
FAT : FactoryAcceptanceTest
SAT : SiteAcceptanceTest
RAT : RunAcceptanceTest
Q. WhatisMicroprocessorControlSystem?GiveabriefofPLC,DCSandSCADA?
ComputerbasedcontrolsystemiscalledMicroprocessorcontrolsystem.
ThebriefofPLC,DCSandSCADAareasfollowing:
PLC : ProgramLogicControlsystem
PLCsareusedinpracticewiththeaimofachievinghigherdegreeofavailability
orfaulttolerance.Thetypesareasfollow:
FaultTolerant:1outof2objectivesystemsobjective:Reducetheprobabilityof
lossesofproductionbyswitchingtoastandbysystem.
FailSafe: 2outof2systemobjective:Protectlife,theenvironmentand
investmentbysafelydisconnectingtoasecureoffposition.
DCS : DistributedControlSystem.
SCADA: SupervisoryControlAndDataAcquisition.
Q. Whatareinspectionpointsforacabletrayinstallation?
Material check as per approved spec, size and type, trays hookup, proper distance structure,
traytotrayi.e.power/control/signal/lowvoltageandhighvoltage,supportandfixedstrongnot
shaking.
Q. Whatareinspectionpointsforfieldinstrumentswithimpulsetubing?
Material inspection as per approved spec material, type and size, installation as per Hookup,
check line route to avoid any obstruction, check tube bending and check tube support,
compressionfittingofferrulesandthentest(Hydrostatictest)shallbedone.
Q. Whatareinspectionpointsforcablelaying?
Materialinspectionasperapprovedmaterials,typeandsize,meggering,cableroutingdrawing,
completion of cable route (tray, conduit or trench etc) and cable numbering (tags), cable
bending,useofpropertoolsandequipmentforcablepulling.
Q. WhatareinspectionpointsforJunctionBoxandMarshallingCabinets?
Material inspection, type size as per approved specification, installation hookup for frame,
bracketorstands,fixedproperlymeansshakingfree,NamePlateandTagNo.
Q. WhatarestandardmethodsofFerrulesaddressingtoandfromaJunctionBox?
For to side only Terminals Address required which shall be close to terminal either side and
completeinformationshallbeofffromsideafterorbeforeasperleftandrightside.
Q. WhatarestandardsofinstallingaDPTransmitteringasserviceandwhy?
Inst.(DPTransmitter)ingasserviceshallbeabovetheprocesstoavoidthemalfunctioningand
draintheliquid(condensate)intotheprocesslineeasily.
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. Explainwhyshieldofsignalcableisnotearthedonbothsides?
Toavoidthecurrentnoise(Resonance)
Q. Howdoyoudeterminethecorrectinstallationoffloworifice?
The orifice data tag shall be punched in the upstream of orifice, the data (tag) side shall be in
theupstreamofflowdirection.
Q. WhatisRFI?WhenandRFIwillberaised?
Request for Inspection (RFI), RFI shall be raised only when the status of the preliminary
inspectionsatisfactory,andtheworks(items)orHoldorWitnessPoints.
Q. WhatisfinalRFI?Whenitshallberaisedup?
When the QA/QC department of contractor is satisfied that the work detailed in the
construction RFI is completed then request submitted for inspection to the client QA/QC
department.
Q. Whataretherequireddocumentsforaninspection?
Followingaretherequireddocumentsforaninspection:
:RFI(RequestforInspection)
:P&IDforlineinspection
:PPforlocation
:Wiringdiagramforwiringdetails.
:DataSheetforcalibrationandpressuretest.
:Hookupetc.forremotetubing/airline
:QRformaintainingrecord.
:WP(WorkProcedure)tocheckeachandeverystepasperspec.
:QCOforissuingincaseoflittleviolation.
:NCR(NonComplianceReport)forissuingincaseofmajorviolationetc.
Q. WhataretherequireddocumentsforaRemoteLoopfolder?
FollowingaretherequireddocumentsforaRemoteLoopfolder:
:LooppackageChecklist
:ILD(InstrumentLoopDiagrams)
:InstrumentLoopAcceptancerecord(TR/TestRecord)
:P&ID(Piping&InstrumentationsDiagram)
:ISS/IDS(Inst.SpecSheet/Inst.DataSheet)
:AlarmList
:CalibrationRecord(TR)
:CableMeggerReport(PrimaryPriortoPulling)
:CableMeggerReport(SecondaryafterPulling)
:PressureTestRecord(TR)
:MCCheckRecord(RemoteLoop)(GreenColor)
:MC(MarshallingCabinet)PunchList
:LoopCheckPunchList
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. WhataretherequireddocumentsforaLocalLoopfolder?
FollowingaretherequireddocumentsforaRemoteLoopfolder:
:Looppackagechecklist
:ILD(ifnotmechanicalloop)
:CableMeggerReport(PrimaryPriortoPulling)ifnotmechanicalloop.
:CableMeggerReport(SecondaryafterPulling)ifnotmechanicalloop.
:AlarmLoop(IfnotMechanicalLoop)
:P&ID
:ISS/IDS
:CalibrationRecord(TR)
:PressureTestRecord(TR)ifrequired
:MCCheckRecord(LocalLoop)(GreenColor)
:MCPunchList
:VisualCheckPunchList/LoopCheckPunchList.
Q. Whatarethepreviouslevelsofinspection?Explain
Theyareasfollowing:
LevelofInspectionforMaterial
a) Level0 :Documentsrequirementsonly,noInspection
b) Level1 :Inspectionpriortoshipping
c) Level2 :Minimumrequirements,preinspectionmeetings,oneormore
unspecifiedinprogresssurveillancevisits.
d) Level3 :Sameaslevel2,exceptthatinprogresssurveillanceinspectionshall
beinregularbasis.
e) Level4:ResidentInspectorcontinuouslymonitorstheworks.
LevelofInspectionforconstructionphase:
a) HoldPoints(H) :Theinspectionactivitywillnotproceedwithoutthepresenceof
Inspector.
b) WitnessPoints(W) :InspectionactivitiescanbeproceedingafterissuingRFI.
c) Review(R) :Verificationofdocumentation(NMR)onitscorrectnessasper
specandapproveddrawings.
d) Surveillance(S) :Inspectorhasrighttoconductrandominspectionofworks.
e) Inspect(I)/
Perform(P)/ :Constructioncanbeproceedingtonextphasewithoutclient
Test(T) inspection.
Q. WhatisITPs?WhatareholdandwitnessPoints?
ITPmeansInspectionandTestPlandetailsofworkscopeandrequiredtypesofInspections.
HoldPoint(H)isthelevelofinspectionthatclientinspectionmustrequiredthroughRFI
andcannotbeproceeduntilinspectionisdonebyclient.
Witness Point (W) is the level of inspection that inspection activity can be preceded
withoutclientinspectionorclientisnotavailableasperRFItiming.
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. WhatisscheduleQ?
Schedule Q is an attachment to the contract, which is the provision of Quality Assurance and
Control,InspectionandTestPlan.
Q. Explainratiocontrol(FueltoAirRatiocontrolofFurnaceDiagram?

Q. Analogueintegrator&analoguedifferentiator?

Q. Whatisabsolutepressure?
Absolutepressureisthetotalpressurepresentinthesystem?
AbsolutePressure = GaugePressure+Atm.Pressure
Q. Whatisabsolutezeropressure?
Absolutezero = 760mmHg.

FRC
PRC
FRC
RR
SECONDARY
FUELGAS
FT
FT
GAS
FV
PRIMARY
MAINSTEAM
FigureRATIOCONTROLOFFURNACEDIAGRAM
AV
+
VOUT AV
+
VOUT
C
C
R
R
ANALOGUEINTEGRATOR
ANALOGUEDIFFERENTIATOR
Vout=1/RCVindt Vout=Rcd/dtVin
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. Whatismaximumvacuum?
Themaxmm.Vacuum= 760mmHg.
Q. WhatisVacuum?
AnypressureblowatmosphericpressureisVacuum.

Q. Whataretheprimaryelementsformeasuringpressure?
Theprimaryelementsformeasuringpressureare:
1. BourdonTube
2. Diaphragm
3. Capsule
4. Bellows
5. PressureSpring
Theaboveareknownaselasticdeformationpressureelements.
1. TypesofBourdonTubes.
1) CType.
2) Spiral
3) Helix

2. Diaphragm : Thediaphragmisbestsuitedforlowpressuremeasurement
3. Capsules : Twocirculardiaphragmareweldedtogethertoformapressure
capsule.
Materialused:PHOSPHERBRONZE,NISPONGE,STAINLESSSTEEL
4. Bellows : Bellowsisaonepiece,collapsible,seamlessmetallicunitwith
deepfoldsformedfromverythinwalledtubing.
5. PressureSpring : Pressurespringsofhelicalorspiralshapeareusedformeasuring
highpressures.
Q. Howwillyouchangetheactionofacontrolvalve?
If the control valve is without bottom flange the actuator needs to be charged. If the bottom
flange is provided, disconnect stem, separate body from bonnet. Remove the bottom flange
andtheplugfrombody.Detachtheplugfromthestembyremovingthepin,fixthestematthe
otherendoftheplugandfixthepinback.Turnthebodyupsidedown.Connectitbacktothe
bonnet after inserting the plug and stem. Connect back the stem and couple it. Fix back the
bottomflange.CalibratetheValve.

Atm.=760mm.
0 Vacuums
ZeroAbsolute
Maxm.Vacuum760mmHg
ZeroGauge
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Q. Whatisfeedback&feedforwardcontrol?
Feedbackcontrolinvolvesthedetectionofthecontrolledvariable&counteractingofchanges
initsvaluerelativetosetpointbyadjustmentofthemanipulatedvariable.
Feedforward is a system in which corrective action is based on measurement of disturbance
inputsintotheprocess.
Q. Explainfurnacedraftcontrol.
Whenbothforceddraft&inducedareusedtogetheratsamepointinthesystemthepressure
will be the same as that of atmosphere. Therefore the furnace pressure must be negative to
preventhotgasleakage.(0.1H
2
O)
Q. Howwillyouapplywttestcalibrationtoaleveltrol?
NormalLeveltrol
1. Adjustthezerotoget0%output.
2. ConnectatransparentPVCtubetotheDrainpointasshowninHookup.
3. Fillittothecentreoftopflange.
4. AdjusttheSp.GravityortheSpanadjusts.
5. Fillitupto50%tochecklinearity.
Lossofwt.at0%=wt.ofthedisplacer
Lossofwt.at100%=(wt.ofthedisplacervolume)x
i.e.Volume=r
2
h =Sp.Gravity.
Q. Whatarethelimitationofleveltrol?
72.
Q. Whatwillhappenifthedisplacerhasfallen?
Ifthedisplacerhasfallen,theoutputwillbemaximum.
Hasaholeinit,theoutputwillbeminimum.
Q. HowwillyoucheckzeroofaDPleveltransmitter?
ClosebothisolationvalvesonLPlegandHPleg,equalize,checkandadjustzeroifnecessary.
Q. WhatismeantbytermEXPLOSIONPROOF?
Equipment designed to withstand an internal explosion and to prevent the ignition of
GAS/VAPORoutsidetheenclosure.
Q. Howmanyzonesarethereinclassatmospheres?
Three(3)zone0,zone1,zone2.
Q. Howmanygroupsorgases/vaporsarethereinClassatmosphere?
Division :Four A,B,C,D
Zone :ThreeC,B,A
Q. WhattypeofconduitmustbeusedwithinClasszone0/1area?
ThreadedRigidMetalConduit.

QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. HowmanythreadsmustbeengagedtomakeajointEXPLOSIONPROOF?
5FullThreadsNEC 5014 (A) (1) requires threaded connection to be made up with at least 5
threadsfullyengaged.
Q. WhatisthedistancefromanEXPLOSIONPROOFenclosuremustasealbeinstalled?
18 NEC5015(A)(1)conduitsealsshallbeinstalledwithin18oftheenclosure.
Q. In a Class. Zone 0 areas A 2 conduit is terminated to an enclosure containing only
terminalsisaconduitsealisrequired.
Yes. NEC 5015 (A) (1) (B) entries 2 and larger into enclosures containing terminals, splices
ortapssealingfittingsarerequired.
Q. Whyaresealingfittingsinstalledinconduitsystems?
Tominimizethepassageofgases/vaporsandtopreventthepassageofflamesintotheconduit
systemscanalsobeusedtodrainconduit.
Q. Whatisthemaximumdistanceasealingfittingisinstalledfromboundarylocation?
10FEET NEC 5015 (A) (4) and (B) (2) requires sealing within 10 Feet either side of the
boundary.
Q. Whatistheminimumthicknessofthecompoundinsideasealingfitting?
Theminimumthicknessshallnotbelessthanthetradesizeofthesealingfittingandinnocase
lessthan58inch5015(C)(3).
Q. ExplainwhatismeantbythetermFLASHPOINTofliquid.
The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives of a sufficient concentration to form an
ignitablemixture.
Q. Aconduitoutletboxcanbeusedasasealingfittingwhenfittedwithsealingcover?
Yes. AGUTypefittingcanbeusedasasealingfittingwhenfittedwithasealingcover.
Q. Whatistheratioofmixpowdertowater?
2partsofpowderto1partofwater(WATER:mustbesweetwater)
Q. WhatisthepurposeofFIBERDAMinsideasealing?
To make a foundation for the compound. The fiber dam must be strong enough and tight
enoughtopreventtheweightofthepouredcompoundfromseepingoutfromtheconduit.
Q. Whatistheminimuminformationrequiredonaclassifiedareadrawing.
1.Differentiationbetweentheclassifiedandnonclassifiedlocations.
2.MinimumAIT(AutoIgnitionTemperature)ofthegas/vapor.
3.Differentiationbetweenthegroups.
4.Classifiedareastobeshowninplanandelevation.
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. What is the maximum internal and external surface temperatures allowed in class I
Zone2areas?
800oftheAutoIgnitionTemperatureofthegas/vaporinthearea.
SeeNEC: 5015(A)(1);5015(A)(4)..
Q. Where a mixture of gases has a mixture density less than 75% of the density of air
whatisitclassedas?
Lighterthanair. SeeSAESB068,Para5.4
Q. The mixture of gases/vapors of different ignition temperatures. How is the ignition
temperatureofthegas/vapordefined?
Byoneofthreemethods
Lowestindividualtemperatureofthemixture.
Testofthemixture
Bycalculation.
Q. Whatistheclassificationofanunventilatedroom?
ClassDiv.1GroupA/ClassZone1GroupC
Q. AresealingfittingsrequiredforsmarttransmittersinaClassZone2area?
No. smarttransmittershavealowwattageoutputandusuallywillnotreach80%oftheauto
ignition temperature of the gas/vapor, also the cable is terminated within a terminal chamber
whichisseparatefromtheprocessbyaminimumoftwoseals.
=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=

Q. Whatisthemaximum%ageofcrosssectionaconduitcanbefilledcontainingthree(3)
ormorewires?
40%asperNECCh.9Table1.
Q. WhatisPVCincableinsulationanabbreviationfor?
PolyVinylChloride
Whatisthepurposeofdrain/shieldininstrumentationwires?
Toreduceelectrostaticnoiseandunwantedvoltage.
Q. Per Aramco Standards, what is minimum separation between low voltage power
cablesandinstrumentationcablesincabletrays.
Minimum300mm.
Q. PerNEC,whatisthemaxm.Distancebetweensupportsfor2inchrigidsteelconduit.
Horizontal : 4.9mtrs.(16Feet)
Vertical : 6mtrs.
AsPerNECArticleTable344:30(B)(2)
SeeSAESB068,Para5.3
QA/QCQuestionnaires

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Q. Per Saudi Aramco standard, what is the minimum size of grounding grid conductor
[cable]?
70mm
2

Q. Per NEC, what would be the size of equipment grounding copper conductor for
equipmentprotectedbyovercurrentdevicerated600amperes?
NECarticle:250Table122.1AWGcopper(3550mm
2
)or2/0AWGcopperclad(70mm
2
)
Q. Per NEC, what would be the size of grounding electrode copper conductor for
alternatingcurrentsystemhavinglargestserviceconductorsized350kcmil?
1600AMP.Copperconductor4/0AWG120mm
2

Q. Howthegroundingconductorwouldbeconnectedtoundergroundgroundinggrid?
a)Bythermiteweldingorbrazing.
b)Byapprovedgroundingcompressionconnectors.
Q. Whatdothefollowinglettersdenoteonelectricalequipmentandexplainthe
markings?
ExdExplosionProofGlandsorFlameProof
11BCombustibledustAcetaldehyde,Ethylene
T5100CTemp.
Q. OnelectricalequipmentbeingusedinhazardousareayoumayseetheletterULor
C.S.A,whatdotheseabbreviationsstandfor?
ULUnderWriterLaboratories
C.S.ACanadianStandardAssociation
Q. A3phasesystemhasphasetophase480VAC,whatisthephasetoearth/neutral
voltage?Showcalculation.
480/3=277V Linecurrent=3phasevoltage(3=1.732)
Q. PerNEC,whataretheinstanceswheresealsfittingsareneeded?
When a conduct run is crossing hazardous boundaries below ground requires boundary seal,
side, electrical equipment, junction box & conduit. Any breaking, sparking & heat producing
devicemustberequiredfittings.
Q. Howtominimizetheeffectofbreathinginconduitinstallation?
Lowpointdrainandbreathershallbeprovided.
Q. Nametypeofcablessuitableforclass1,division1anddivision2locations?
Class1,division1,anddivision2locationssuitablecableisXLPE,Polyethylene,EPR,Armored
cable.
T1450C
T2300C
T3200C
T4135C
T5100C
T685C
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Q. Howmanydegreesbendpermittedinaconduitrun?
360betweenpullboxtopullbox.
Q. PerNEC,whatistheminimumnumberofconduitthreadsshouldbeengagedat
hazardouslocations?
Five(5)FullThreadsshouldbeengaged.
Q. Whatisthecolorcodeofgroundingneutralandphaseconductor?
Grounding Green
Neutral White
Phase Black
Q. Whatisminimumtemperatureratingforlowvoltage?
90CDry&75CWet
Q. Namethetypeoftestsrequiredfortestingfollowingcables:
MediumvoltagepowercablesMeggertest&DCHighPotentialtest
CatholicprotectionHolidaytest
LowvoltagecablesMeggertest&continuitytest.
Q. Namesomeofthetestsrequiredfortestingfollowingequipment:
1. OiltypetransformersWindingtestandRatiotest
2. ElectricalMotorsWindingtest,Resistancetest,Meggertest
3. Batteriesspecificgravity,voltage,current
4. CircuitBreakersMegger&Ductortest,primarycurrentTrajectiontest
Q. What is the NEMA rating for electrical enclosures installed in the following
environments:
1. IndoorNEMAarticle250
2. Outdoor3R,3CR4
3. Corrosiveenvironment4X
Q. Per NEC , what is the minimum working clearance in front of low voltage electrical
equipment?
Minimum3Feet(900mm)
Q. Per S. Aramco standard , what is the ambient temperature rating for electrical
equipment?
40C
Q. How many divisions and groups class atmospheric hazards are divided into? And
whatarethelocationscoveredbyeachdivision?
Classzone0flammablegassesorvaporarepresentinair
classzoneflammablegassesorvaporarelikelytoexistundernormaloperationcondition
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Q. Define following for enclosures containing arching electrical device and installed in
hazardousarea?
1. TypeNEMAtype4x
2. SafetyfactorExia
3. FlametightExid
Q. What type of equipment is this statement describing? The energy released from this
typeofequipmentisinsufficienttocauseignition.
Classzonelocation
Q. What are the most important things to check on lighting fixture installed in a
hazardouslocation?Andwheretheseneedtobeshown?
Tobecheckandconfirmfixtureareexplosionproofitshouldshowninfittingnamefluteitself.
Q. PerAramcostandard,whataretheacceptabletypesofundergroundconduits?
Threadedrigidsteelhotdipgalvanizedandprecoated.
Q. WhatisIEEEstandardworkclearancearoundhighvoltagetransformers?
Minimum10feet3mtrs.asperNECtable110.31
Q. Per Aramco standards, what is the maximum resistance value per mined for a
groundingsystematindustrialarea?
1OHM
Q. Howmanythreadsofrigidsteelconduitmustbeengagedinahazardousarea?
5threads.AsperNEC501.4(A)(1)
Q. How do you determine the correct size equipment ground conductor for a 1600 amp.
Overcurrentdevice?
AsperNECarticle.Table250122GroundConductorfor4/0AWG120mm
2

Q. What size junction is required if you have a 4 conduit straight in and straight out?
Whatsizeforanglepulls?
AsperNEC314.28
Forstraightinandstraightout:lessthan8times84=32inch
Foranglepulls:lessthan6times64=24inch
Q. What is the maximum percent of cross section a conduit can be filled containing 3 or
moreconductors?
40%asperNECchapter9table1
Q. Whataretherequirementsforconductorinsulationatlightfixtureterminations?
Insulation minimum thickness 0.25mm that have insulated suitable temperature not less than
125C
Q. Whatisthemaximumnumberofovercurrentdevicesallowedinapanelboard?
AsperNEC408.1542number.
Q. WhatisaTnumberasitrelatestoequipmentinaHazardousArea?
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Temperatureclass.AsperNECtable500.8(B)

Q. Canyouuselightfixturesasaraceway?
No
Q. Whereareconduitsupportsrequiredforrigidsteel?
Horizontal:3mtrsvertical:6mtrs.AsperNEC344.30
Q. Wherearesealfittingrequired?
Instrumentsideandenclosuresideinhazardousarea.
Q. Whatareallthesourcesofinformationusedtoensureaspecific

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Q. Whataretheprocessvariable?
Q. InwhichNECarticlenumberforthegrounding,wiring,conduit&areaclassification?
Q. Name at least 5 Saudi Aramco Engg. Standard which is commonly used for
Instrumentation.Installationandinspection.
Q. Whatareaclosedloopcontrolanditsexample?
Q. What are the procedure of installing a Gas service, Liquid service & steam service
transmitter?
Q. Whatisthesafetyfactorforimpulsetubingpressuretest?
Q. Whatarethecontentsoftheloopfolder?

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CONDUIT
a. Whatistheminimumsizeofconduitforinstrumentationanditssupportdistance
b. A conduit outlet box shall be installed within 18 inches of the field device, and the cable to
theInstrumentshallbeloopedoneormoretimeswithinthisfitting.
c. Flexibleconduitshallbeusedattheinstrumentendoftheconduittoprovideisolationfrom
vibrationandprotectionagainstthermalexpansionoftherigidconduit.
d. ConduitabovegroundinseverecorrosiveenvironmentsshallbePVCcoatedmin.thicknessis
40milsperNEMARN1.
e. Conduitfittingsforoutdoorrigidsteelconduitandliquidtightflexiblemetalconduitshallbe
castorforgedsteel,castironormalleableiron,eitherhotdipgalvanizedorzincelectroplated
(noaluminumfittingsorfittingsaccessoriesshallbeusedinoutdoorinstallation)
f. Conduitandcableentriestofieldjunctionboxesshallbethroughthebottom.Topentriesare
allowable and provide a drain seal installed on the conduit within 18 inches away from the
enclosure.

CABLETRAY
a. Themaximumspacingbetweenexpansionsjointsshallbebasedonatemperaturedifferential
of 55 deg. C an expansion gap settings shall be in accordance with the recommendations of
NEMAVE2basedonthetemperatureof0deg.Candamaximumtemperatureof55deg.C.
b. Allfastenersusedtoconnectandassemblethecabletraysystemshallbe316SS.
c. CabletrayshallbegroundedasrequiredinSAESP111.
d. CabletrayfillshallcomplywithNECArticle392.

ENCLOSURES
a. EnclosuresforInstrumentinoutdoorplantareasshallbeNEMAType4inaccordancewith
NEMA ICS 6 and NEMA 250 or IEC 60529 Type IP 65.Enclousure in severe corrosive
environmentsshallbeNEMAType4XorIEC60529TypeIP66.
b. TheJunctionBoxinaclass1Zone2locationanddinHazardousareasshallbeasingledoor
NEMA Type 4X or IEC 60529 Type IP 66 box. The box construction shall meet the following
requirements.

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CONNECTIONSatFIELDINSTRUMENTSandJUNCTIONBOX
a. Connectionsatfieldinstrumentsshallbescrewtypeterminalblocks.Wirenutsandspring
type terminals shall not be used. Instruments with integral terminal blocks shall be
connecteddirectlytothefieldcable.
b. The outer jacket of shielded twisted single pair/triad cables shall be left intact up to the
point of termination. Drain wires and Mylar shields on shielded cables shall be cut and
insulatedwithheatshrinksleeveatthefieldinstrumentunlessotherwisespecifiedbythe
Instrumentmanufacturer.
c. Twisted multipair triad cables shall be cut to the appropriate length to minimize looping
andflexingofthecablewithinthejunctionbox.

COLORCODING
Powerandsignalwiringshallbecolorcodedasfollows:

AC Supply Phase
Neutral
Ground
Black
White
Green or green with yellow tracer
DC Supply Positive
Negati ve
Red or red sleeve over any color except green
Black or black sleeve over any color except
green
Signal Pair Positive
Negati ve
Black
White
Signal Triad Positive
Negati ve
Third Wire
Black
White
Red
Thermocouple Positive
Negati ve
Per ANSI MC96.1
Per ANSI MC96.1

Grounding(J902)

17.1 General
17.1.1 Electrical systems must be connected to ground for the protection of personnel and
equipment from fault currents (AC safety ground) and to minimize electrical
interferenceinsignaltransmissioncircuits(Instrumentcircuitground).
17.1.2 Twogroundingsystemsarerequiredforinstrumentationsystems:
a)safetygroundforpersonalsafety.
b)InstrumentationSafetyGround.
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17.2SafetyGround
17.2.1 All exposed noncurrentcarrying metallic parts that could become energized
with hazardous potentials must be reliably connected to the equipment
groundingcircuits.Thisassuresthathazardouspotentialdifferencesdonotexist
betweenindividualinstrumentcasesorbetweenaninstrumentcaseandground.
Therefore,allmetalequipmentandenclosureswithinapanelorseriesofpanels
(i.e., instrument cases, hinged doors, racks, etc.) shall be bonded with bonding
jumpersandconnectedtoasafetygroundbuswithaminimumcopperwiresize
of4mmcrosssectionalarea.Twocopperconductors,25mmminimum,shall
be connected from the safety ground bus to a single tie point on the safety
ground grid in a closed loop configuration. Safety ground connections must be
made such that when a casegrounded instrument is removed, the integrity of
therestofthesafetygroundsystemismaintained.

17.2.2 Enclosureforfieldinstrumentsshallbegroundedasfollows:(J902)
17.2.2.1 InstrumentsOperatingatgreaterthan50Volts
TheenclosureforInstrumentdevicesoperatingat120VACor
125VDCshallbegroundedperSAESP111.
InstrumentCircuitGround(J902)
17.3.1 The purpose of instrument circuit grounding is to reduce the effect of electrical
interference upon the signal being transmitted. An instrument circuit ground
bus shall be provided for consolidating instrument signal commons and cable
shield drain wires. This ground bus shall be isolated from the safety ground
systemexceptatasingletiepointasdescribedbelow.

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TubingInstallation
PPPFL001
PIP4.2.8.1 Interconnecting instrument piping (tubing) between the primary metering
elementandthemeasuringinstrumentshallbe0.5inchAISISeries300stainless
steel tubing minimum. Tubing wall thickness shall be 0.89 mm (0.035 inch)
minimum.Applicablepipingcodeandprocessrequirementsshallprevail.
PIP4.2.8.2 Interconnecting piping shall be limited to a maximum length of 6 m (20 ft) for
meters in control loops. Interconnecting impulse tubing between a differential
flow element and a transmitter in compressor suction service shall be kept as
closeaspossibleorclosecoupled.
PIP4.2.8.3 Interconnecting Seal liquid to protect flow meter impulse tubing and secondary
measurement instrumentation from corrosive fluids or to provide a stable
hydraulicmeasuringmediumshallbefreeflowingbutnotvolatileundernormal
processandexternalambientconditions.Sealliquidsshallnotbemisciblewith
norreactwiththeprocessfluidbeingmeasured.Sealliquidsshallbeselectedso
thattheirpotentialforcontaminationoftheprocessfluidisacceptable.
PIP4.2.8.4 (Addition)PIPPCIDP000"DifferentialPressureInstallationDetails"shallbeused
forinterconnectingtheflowDifferentialPressureInstrumentstotherootvalves
ofthedifferentialproducers.
PIP4.6.2.c (Addition) Purging of impulse lines shall be considered only if other methods
have failed to eliminate problems of condensation, vaporization, corrosion or
plugging.
34SAMSS831
Installation
8.1.1 PressureandD/Pinstrumentsinliquidorcondensablevaporserviceshallbeself
venting (i.e., mounted below the process connections) with all impulse lines
sloping downward approximately 1:10 minimum toward the instrument.
PressureandD/Pinstrumentsingasserviceshallbeselfdraining(i.e.,mounted
above the process connections) with all lines sloping downward approximately
1:10minimumtowardtheprocessconnection.

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8.3InstrumentPipingandTubing
The instrument piping and tubing installation shall ensure the reliable and
accurateoperationoftheinstrument(s)involved,andallowsufficientaccessfor
maintenance, calibration and testing. It shall be possible to test all alarm and
shutdown initiating devices, without interfering with the process operation of
thepackagedunit.
Instrument tubing shall be adequately supported to eliminate any vibration
transmission to the instruments or excessive load to the piping connection,
processlineorvessel.
Tubing to and from nonindicating instruments shall have a plugged tee or
equivalenttestpointforcalibrationandtestingpurposes.
AllthreadedconnectionsshallbetaperedperASMEB1.20.1.
All incoming and outgoing interconnection lines shall terminate in bulkhead
fittings. The lines shall be marked with the tag numbers of the corresponding
instruments.Bulkheadfittingsshallbeinstalledwithadequatespacingtoensure
thatanyconnectioncanberemovedwithouttheneedtoremoveotherfittings.
9.2.2 TubingandFittings
9.2.2.1 Tubing Stainlesssteeltubingshallbeseamless,annealed,minimum
wallthickness1.24mm,perASTMA269,GradeTP316L.
Instrument airtubingshallbeinch,3/8inch,orinchOD
stainlesssteel.Wallthicknessshallbe0.75mmorlarger.
9.2.2.2 Fittings 316stainlesssteelcompressionfittingsshallbeeitherCrawford
Swagelok,ParkerHannifinALok,ParkerHannifinCorp.CPIor
HokeGyrolock.Anyproposaltousefittingsotherthanthose
listedaboveshallbereviewedbySupervisor,Instrumentation
Unit,ProcessInstrumentationDivision,andP&CSD.
InstrumentAirSupply
4.Designs(J901)
4.1 General
4.1.1 Instrument air supply systems shall provide dry, oilfree air to pneumatic
instrumentation,valveactuators,andotherservicesrequiringinstrumentquality
air.

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4.8 InstrumentAirDistributionSystem
4.8.1 GeneralRequirements
4.8.1.1 PipingmaterialshallbeselectedinaccordancewithSAES L032. The
selection of alternative piping material requires the approval of the
Coordinator,MechanicalandCivil EngineeringDivision/CSD.
4.8.1.2 Allmainandbranchheadersshallbesloped{minimum64 mm per 30 m
(2.5inchesper100feet)}andprovidedwithlowpointdrains.
4.8.1.3 Allheadersshallterminatewithalinesizevalve,blind,or plug to
facilitatecleaningandplantexpansions.
4.8.1.4 Eachbranchheadershallconnecttothetopofthemainheaderthrough
abranchlinesize,fullboreisolationvalve.
4.8.1.5 Wherethereisageneraldistributionsystemformorethanone
plant,thepipingshallbeconnectedinalooptoprovidetwodirectionsof
supplytoeachplant.Isolationvalvesshall be provided to enable
isolationofeachplant.
4.8.1.6 Supplytakeoffstoindividualinstruments(alineservinguptoamaximum
offourdevices)shallconnecttothetop ofthe branchheaderthrougha
takeofflinesize,fullboreisolationvalve.
4.8.1.6.1 Theminimumsizeofsupplytakeoffsisinch.
4.8.1.6.2 Twentypercent(20%)sparetakeofffittingsandblock
valvesshallbeinstalledonthebranchheader.
4.8.1.7 Instrument air piping shall not be pocketed (i.e., shall not contain, U
sections).Instrumentairpipingshallnotbeinstalledunderground.

Exception:

Instrumentairbranchconnectionsmaybeburiedtocrossbeneathroadwaysor
fences where there is no existing overhead rack and where the aboveground
support would interfere with crane or emergency vehicle movement. Prior
approvalfromtheGeneralSupervisor,ProcessInstrumentationDivision,P&CSD
is required. Buried branch lines shall have low point drains, stainless steel
constructionandexternalcoatingperSAESH002.

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4.8.2 HeaderandTakeoffSizing
4.8.2.1 Thepressuredropforpipingbetweenthedryerafterfilteroutletandthe
most remotely located user shall not exceed 35 kPa (5 psi) under
maximumserviceflowrate.
4.8.2.2 Forinstallationsinwhichtheinstrumentairconsumers are located more
than 600 m (2000 ft) from the instrument air compressor; pipe sizes
shouldbe calculated to keep pressure drops within the above limit.
Below600m (2000 ft) instrument air header pipe size should be
selectedfromTable2.(J901)

Table2

NumberofUsers PipeSize
1 4 inch
5 9 inch
10 15 1inch
16 80 1inch
81 150 2inch
151 300 3inch

5 Testing (J-901)
Pressure testing of supply system and distribution system per SAESL056, using
dry instrument air or inert gas is required. Hydrostatic testing of instrument air
pipingisnotpermitted.

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INSTRUMENTATIONQUESTIONAIRE:
1. DesignandSelectionofProcessControl&InstrumentationSystemshouldinclude:Suitability,
Reliability,Quality,Accuracy,andRepeatability.
a) True
b) False
c) None
2. SourGascanbeusedinlieuofInstrumentAir.
a) True
b) False
c) None
3. AcceptedFieldSignalsare:
a) 315psi,420mA,Hart&anyVendorProtocol.
b) 012psi,016mA,05V.
c) 030psi,020mA,Hart.
4. Instrument&Controlsystem(outdoor,unsheltered)shallberatedforoperationforOutdoor
Temperatureof:
a) 10deg.C35deg.C.
b) 0deg.C30deg.C
c) 0deg.C55deg.C
d) 10deg.C55deg.C
e) 0deg.C65deg.C
5. DownstreamedgeoforificeshallbeSquare&SharpsotheywillnotshowaBeamofLightwhen
checkedwithanOrificeEdgeGauge.
a) True
b) False
c) None
6. OrificeBoreBETAisratioofpipeIDandpipeOD.
a) True
b) False
c) None.
7. AtwhattemperatureisDegreeCentigrade=DegreeFahrenheit
a) 32
b) 0
c) 40
d) 40
8. Fortemperaturecompensationinflowmeasurementwithorifice,Thermowellshallbelocated
notlessthan2andnomorethan30pipedia.downstream.
a) True
b) False
c) None.
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9. VaneTypeFlowSwitchesarepreferredoverDifferentialPressureType.
d) True
e) False
f) None.
10. StraighteningVanesarepreferredoverstraightrunpipinginflowmetering.
a) True
b) False
c) None
11. Rangeabililityof10:1ismajorrequirementinflowmeasurement.Whichofthefollowing
methodwillbemostappropriate:
a) Orifice
b) PositiveDisplacement
c) TurbineMeter
d) VariableArea
12. Flowmeterinstallationshallcomplywith:
a) APIRPI551
b) APIRPI531
c) APIRPI351
d) AMSISec.IV
13. ReflexLevelGaugeisusedforInterfaceLevelapplication.
a) True
b) False
c) None
14. TransparentLevelGaugesareusedfor:Acid,Caustic,Dirty,DarkColorliquid.
a) True
b) False
c) None
15. GaugeCocksshallnotbeprovidedongaugesinstalledinlightcleanHydrocarbons.
a) True
b) False
c) None
16. Displacementtypeinstrumentsmaybeusedforlevelrangeuptoandincluding:
a) 1800mm
b) 1830mm
c) 1500mm
d) 2200mm
17. Differentialpressuretypeinstrumentsarenopreferredforliquidliquidinterface
measurement.
a) True
b) False
c) None

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18. Capacitancetypelevelinstrumentsshallbeusedinliquidthatcontainentrainedgas.
a) True
b) False
c) None
19. Naturalfrequency&Wakefrequencycalculationshallnotbeperformedoneachthermowell,if
calculatedWakefrequencyisnotequaltoornotgreaterthan80%ofthermowellnaturalfrequency.
a) True
b) False
c) None
20. NongroundedThermocouplesarepreferredduetoquickresponse.
a) True
b) False
c) None
21. ForgroundedThermocouplesextensionwireshielddrainwireshallbegroundedat
Thermocouplehead.
a) True
b) False
c) None
22. ForungroundedThermocouple(T/C),extensionwireshielddrainwireshallbegroundedat
receiverinstrumentendtotheinstrumentcircuitground.
a) True
b) False
c) None
23. ResistanceTemperatureDetector(RTD)shallbeusedwhengreateraccuracyisnotrequired.
a) True
b) False
c) None
24. Fortemperaturemeasurementrequiringmaximumaccuracy,followingshallbeused:
a) T/C
b) RTD2wire
c) RTD3wire
d) RTD4wire
e) FilledSystemInstrument
f) BiMetallicInstrument
25. PSIGAtmos.Press.=PSIA
a) True
b) False
c) None
26. RangeofTransmitteris20to100.Itiscalled:
a) Elevatedrange
b) Suppressedrange
c) Elevatedzerorange
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27. Forviscousliquid,followingorificeshallbeused:
a) Concentric
b) Segmental
c) Eccentric
d) QuadrantEdge
28. WhichFlowmeterisusedforNoPressureLoss:
a) Orifice
b) Magneticflowmeter
c) Rotameter
d) Positivedisplacementmeter
29. CVofControlValveisnumberofGallonsofwater.Acontrolvalvepassthroughcontrolvalve
with5PSIGpressuredrop:
a) True
b) False
c) None
30. Shieldgroundingisdoneatbothendsofcableforanalogsignals.
a) True
b) False
c) None

CORRECTANSWERS:
1(a);2(b);3(a);4(e);5(b);6(b);7(c);8(b);9(b);10(b);11(c);12(a);13(b);14(a);15(b);16(c);17
(b);18(b);19(a);20(b);21(a);22(a);23(b);24(d);25(b);26(b);27(d);28(b);29(b);30(b).