LATEX cho ngi s dng Word

phin bn 1.0.0 bn dch Beta-1.0.335

Guido Gonzato, Ph.D. <gonzato@sci.univr.it>

Bin dch : ccc <kyanh@users.sarovar.org>
2004/07/17 2004/11/3

Tm tt ni dung
EX c th thay th hon ho bt k chng trnh son tho vn bn no. Tuy nhin,
vi ngi mi s dng LATEX, tht kh h hnh dung ra nhng iu phi lm. Ti liu
ny so snh nhng nt c bn gia mt chng trnh son tho vn bn thng thng, v
d Microsoft Word, v LATEX. Cc chc nng ca trnh son tho vn bn c lit k, cng
vi cch lm tng ng trong LATEX.
LAT

Mc lc
1 Introduction (gii thiu)
1.1 Dn nhp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1.1 Cc h tr ca trnh son tho
1.1.2 Thm cc gi mi . . . . . . .
1.2 Cc Quy tc vng . . . . . . . . . . .

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1
2
3
3
4

File Menu
File/New (to file mi) . . . . . . . . .
File/Save As. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
File/Save As Template . . . . . . . . .
File/Import . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
File/Page Setup (nh kiu trang) . . .
2.5.1 Page Setup/Headers and Footers
File/Printer Setup . . . . . . . . . . . .
File/Print Preview (xem trc) . . . . .
File/Print (in n) . . . . . . . . . . . .
File/Versions (qun l phin bn) . . . .

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4
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3 The Edit Menu

3.1 Edit/Autotext (t g tt) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8
9

2 The
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9

Ti liu ny c dch trong khi ccc ang lm thi Ton (khi D) cho k thi Tuyn sinh Cao ng Chnh
quy nm 2004 ti trng CSP Qung Nam. Khi bin dch, ccc typeset ti liu ny 335 ln ;)

4 The
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16

Insert Menu
Insert/Breaks (ngt dng) . . . . . . . . .
Insert/Enumerated List (danh sch) . . .
Insert/Special Character (k t c bit) .
4.3.1 ng Euro: . . . . . . . . . . .
Insert/Formula (cng thc) . . . . . . . .
Insert/Footnote (ch thch cui trang) . .
Insert/Indices (Mc lc) . . . . . . . . . .
Insert/Vertical and Horizontal Space . . .
Insert/Tabs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insert/Cross Reference (tham kho cho)
Insert/Margin Notes (ch thch bn l) . .
Insert/Frame (khung) . . . . . . . . . . .
Insert/Figure (hnh) . . . . . . . . . . . .
Insert/Shapes (ng) . . . . . . . . . .
Insert/Line (on thng) . . . . . . . . .
Insert/Hyperlink (siu lin kt) . . . . . .
Insert/Comment (ch thch) . . . . . . .

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5 The Format Menu

5.1 Format/Line Spacing (dn dng) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2 Format/Character (k t) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.1 Format/Character Size (c ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.2 Format/Character Font (kiu ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.2.3 Format/Character Colour (mu ch) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3 Format/Paragraph (on vn) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.3.1 Format/Paragraph Horizontal Alignment (canh theo chiu ngang)
5.3.2 Format/Paragraph Vertical Alignment (canh theo chiu ng) . .
5.3.3 Format/Paragraph Margins (margin ca on vn) . . . . . . . .
5.3.4 Format/Paragraph Indentation (tht u dng) . . . . . . . . . .
5.4 Format/Paragraph Border and Shade (K khung v to bng) . . . . . .
5.5 Format/Colour (mu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.6 Format/Columns (ct) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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25
26
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27
27

6 The Table Menu (to bng)

7 The
7.1
7.2
7.3

28

Tools Menu
Tools/Default Language (ngn ng) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tools/Hyphenation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Tools/Spell Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8 The Help Menu (gip )

30
30
30
31
31

ii

1 INTRODUCTION (GII THIU)

9 The End (Li cui)

31

A Cc mu ti liu

33

Danh sch bng

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Menu Edit trong mt s Editor. .

Cc k t c bit trong LATEX. .
Mt s k t trong gi marvosym.
Thuc tnh ca k t. . . . . . .
Cc c font logic khc nhau. . . .
H cc font hay dng. . . . . . .
Cc mi trng chun ca LATEX.
V d v bng. . . . . . . . . . .

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8
11
12
20
21
22
24
29

Hnh v ny c tc gi yu thch. .
th Gnuplot. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mu to cun sch. . . . . . . . .
Mu to bo co. . . . . . . . . . . .
Mu to l th. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mu to thng bo. . . . . . . . . .
Cch thit k mt poster. . . . . .

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15
16
33
34
34
35
36

Danh sch hnh v

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Introduction (gii thiu)

c ti liu ny, bn c gi s l bit v LATEX v cc lnh c bn ca n. Trong ti

liu ny, chng ti l gii ti sao LATEX c th thay th mt trnh x l vn bn, v d Microsoft
Word. Tht s, LATEX lm c rt nhiu vic hn mt chng trnh x l vn bn, c bit
khi bn cn son cc ti liu phc tp vi nhiu hnh v, nhiu biu thc Ton hc, Vt l,...
Trong thc t, cc chng trnh x l vn bn l killer app trong th gii vn phng hin i.
Chng c xem l d hn LATEX, bi c c giao din WYSIWYG (what you see is what you
get) thn thin, v mt th k vi trnh trung bnh c th hc s dng chng trong thi
gian ngn. Vn l, cc chng trnh ny vng phi nhiu nhc im: x l chm, yu cu
khng gian lu tr ln1 , s tn cng ca virus, y li (buggy), t (bn phi tr tin... trong
khi LATEX hon ton min ph), khng tng thch (v d gia cc h iu hnh khc nhau).
LATEX c th thay th tt cho cc chng trnh son tho vn bn. iu ny l s tht; tuy
nhin, nu bn dng LATEX son tho cc vn bn ln xn, khng c cu trc, th LATEX li
1
Tc gi (ccc) tng son mt lun vn thc s 63 trang A4 vi khng gian lu tr ch l 143 KB (cha
nn). Mt a mm 1.44 MB c th cha hn... 10 lun vn (630 trang) nh vy! iu ny hon ton khng th
lm c vi Microsoft Word!

1.1 Dn nhp

1 INTRODUCTION (GII THIU)

tr thnh mt ni phin toi, v nh em dao tru ct tit g. Trong trng hp ny, bn c th

dng TEX; nhng khi , bn khng tn dng c cc tin nghi m LATEX em li.
i khi, bn mun mt s tnh nng ca mt chng trnh son tho vn bn m khng mun
dng LATEX. Nh vy, cn phi bit cch c c cc tnh nng vi LATEX.
l l do ti sao ti vit ti liu hng dn nhanh ny. Nh ti ni, c ti liu
ny, bn trc ht cn c cc kin thc c bn v LATEX. Bn c th thm trang web http:
//vntex.sarovar.org/ ti v mt s ti liu hng dn nu bn bn cha bit g v LATEX.
Trong cc mc tip theo ca ti liu, chng ta s xem xt cc menu v menu con ca mt chng
trnh x l vn bn tng tng (cc menu ny c tm thy, chng hn, trong Microsoft Word),
v ch ra cch thc hin cng vic tng ng trong LATEX. Nu bn kh rnh v LATEX v
cch tip cn vn ny lm bn bun ng... xin bn vui lng b qua ti liu hng dn ny ;)

1.1

Dn nhp

Nhiu tnh nng ca mt chng trnh son tho vn bn c h tr bi trnh son tho; mt
s tnh nng khc c c bng cc macro LATEX chun; mt s khc th c c bng cch
dng cc gi (package). Cc gi l tp hp mt s macro nhm m rng kh nng ca LATEX.
C rt nhiu gi khc nhau cung cp cho bn nhiu cng c khc nhau khi lm vic vi LATEX.
V cng c rt nhiu gi khc nhau cung cp cho bn cc cch khc nhau lm cng mt cng
vic trong LATEX. Vn l phi bit cc gi ny u ly khi cn, cng nh cch thm cc
gi ny vo LATEX. Vui lng xem mc 1.1.2 bit thm v cc gi.
Cc gi cho LATEX (v TEX) c tm thy nhiu a ch khc nhau. Bn hy thm trang web
CTAN bit thm chi tit.
Mc d bt k chng trnh no c kh nng lu tp tin di dng plain text u c th tr
thnh mt chng trnh son tho dnh cho TEX, nhng hu ht nhng ngi dng TEX u
khuyn bn ci t v dng cc chng trnh di y:
GNU Emacs hoc Xemacs;
vi hoc phin bn nng cao ca vi l Vim;
Jed;
(Lyx) gn nh mt chng trnh son tho TeX WYSIWYG, rt thch hp cho ngi mi
lm quen vi LATEX;
GNU TEXmacs l mt chng trnh son tho WYSIWYG LATEX (ch c cho Unix);
WinEdt l chng trnh son tho rt mnh dnh ring cho LATEX. y l mt share-ware,
ch dnh cho ngi dng Windows.

Cc chng trnh son tho trn u cho php i mu cc t kha, cc macro, lnh ca (La)TEX
v cc macro, lnh do bn nh ngha; chng gip ch cho bn rt nhiu khi vit m ngun ca
ti liu.

1.1 Dn nhp
1.1.1

1 INTRODUCTION (GII THIU)

Cc h tr ca trnh son tho

Cc tnh nng sau y khng phi l cc tnh cht ca LATEX, m c h tr bi cc chng

trnh son tho:
cut, copy and paste (ct, chp, dn)
search and replace (tm kim, thay th)
blocks: moving, filtering, etc (di chuyn, lc)
spell checking (kim tra chnh t)
word counting (m s t)
macros
vn vn...

Khi cn thit, chng ti s gip bn lm th no thc hin cc cng vic nu trn vi

mt s chng trnh son tho c bit: GNU Emacs, vi, jec. (Nu bn s dng WinEdt hay
TeXnicCenter, cc cng vic trn n gin hn nhiu.)
1.1.2

Thm cc gi mi

Cc bn phn phi ca teTeX hay MikTeX cha hu ht cc gi quan trng m bn c th dng

n. Tuy nhin, c rt nhiu gi thng khng c trong cc bn phn phi ny; chng c
tm thy ti CTAN, a TeXLive,... Bn cn phi bit cch thm cc gi mi tng cng sc
mnh cho LATEX.
Bn cng phi bit cch thm cc gi khi bn mun dng phin bn mi ca mt gi.
Di y l hng dn i vi teTeX. Hng dn cho ngi dng MikTeX xin xem bn di.
1. Ti v gi mi (thng dng nn gzip) t CTAN.
2. Tm ni lu cc gi ca LATEX. Thng thng, th mc ny l $TEXMF/tex/latex
3. X nn gi mi ti v vo th mc trn
4. Nu bn khng tm thy tp tin .sty no trong gi mi ti v, hy thc hin lnh latex
newstyle.ins to gi mi t file ngun newstyle.dtx. ( y, newstyle l tn ca gi
mi; v d, gi vntex)
5. Cp nht c s d liu ca teTeX bng cch thc hin lnh texhash
Th mc $TEXMF ph thuc vo h thng ca bn; trong hu ht cc bn phn phi GNU/Linux,
th mc ny l /usr/share/texmf.
thm cc gi mi i vi MikTeX, trc ht, bn hy to th mc (nu th mc ny cha
tn ti) \latex\newpacakge ( y, newpacakge l tn ca gi mi; v d l gi vntex) bn di
th mc C:\localtexmf\tex v chp cc file ca gi mi vo trong th mc ny. Sau , chy
chng trnh mo.exe v chn Refresh now cp nht c s d liu cho MikTeX. Bn cng c
th thc hin lnh initexmf -u lm cng vic ny.
3

2 THE FILE MENU

1.2 Cc Quy tc vng

1.2

Cc Quy tc vng

Trc khi chng ta bt u, bn hy ghi nh nhng iu sau y.

1. Gi thi quen cu trc ha ti liu ca bn: hy ngh n cch chia ti liu ra cc phn,
chng, mc, ... Thi quen ny nn gi ngay c khi bn khng son cc ti liu khoa hc.
2. ng lo lng v cch dn trang ca ti liu; LATEX lo gip bn vic ny. Bn hy tp
trung vo ni dung ca ti liu.
Chng ti khuyn co bn nn tun th cc quy tc ny. Nh , bn c th in c cc ti
liu y tnh chuyn nghip.
Hai quy tc trn p dng cho hu ht cc ti liu. Tuy nhin, nu c nh vit cc ti liu
khng c cu trc (mt ghi ch, bi th,...), bn c th b qua phn ny v c cc phn tip
theo ca hng dn ny.

The File Menu

R rng, cc menu ny khng c ngha g i vi LATEX: File/Open, File/Save, File/Close ph

thuc vo chng trnh bn dng son cc file *.tex.

2.1

File/New (to file mi)

To ti liu mi
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
% ghi nhng g bn mun y
\end{document}

Cc ti liu c son vi LATEX lun c cu trc r rng. V d

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\title{Ti liu ca ti}
% tiu
\author{ccc}
% tn tc gi
\date{Qung Nam, \today}
% ngy thng
\begin{document}
\maketitle

% in tiu

\begin{abstract}
Ni dung tm tt.
\end{abstract}

2.2 File/Save As. . .

\tableofcontents
\listoftables
\listoffigures

2 THE FILE MENU

% mc lc
% danh sch cc bng
% danh sch cc hnh

\section{Mc 1}
\label{sec:start}
Ni dung ca phn ny. Xem \cite{KyAnh} bit thm.
\section{Mc cui}
\label{sec:end}
Ni dung ca phn cui. Vui lng xem mc \ref{sec:start} bit.
\begin{thebibliography}{99} % danh sch ti liu tham kho
\bibitem{KyAnh} ccc. \textit{\LaTeX{} cho ngi dng Word}. CTAN, 2004.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}

Cc mu ti liu khc c lit k Ph lc A.

2.2

File/Save As. . .

Nu bn mun chuyn ti liu LATEX sang cc dng khc:

tex4ht:
chuyn ti liu LATEX sang dng HTML.
http://vntex.sarovar.org/tips/
latex2rtf:
chuyn ti liu LATEX sang dng c c bi Microsoft Word.
CTAN://tex/support/latex2rtf

2.3

File/Save As Template

Lu ti liu LATEX di dng mu ng ngha vi to ra mt gi mi cho LATEX. iu ny i

hi bn l mt chuyn gia v LATEX; do , chng ti khng bn v vn ny.

2.4

File/Import

C nhiu cng c chuyn cc dng ti liu khc thnh m LATEX:

rtf2latex: CTAN://tex/support/rtf2latex
html2latex: CTAN://tex/support/html2latex
wvware chuyn tp tin Word thnh cc dng khc nhau, trong c dng LATEX.

2.5 File/Page Setup (nh kiu trang)

2.5

2 THE FILE MENU

File/Page Setup (nh kiu trang)

Cch thng thng xc nh c giy, hng giy, l (margins), l dng cc tham s khi
gi \documentclass. C giy c th l a4paper, a5paper, b5paper, letterpaper, legalpaper,
executivepaper; hng giy l hng chn dung (portrait) theo mc nh, hoc l hng
landscape. V d
\documentclass[a5paper,landscape,12pt]{article}

Chiu rng ca cc l giy c thay i bng cc lnh sau:

\setlength{\leftmargin}{2cm}
%
\setlength{\rightmargin}{2cm}
%
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{2cm} %
\setlength{\evensidemargin}{2cm}%
\setlength{\topmargin}{-1cm}
%
\setlength{\textwidth}{18cm}
%
\setlength{\textheight}{25cm}
%

l tri
l phi
l cho trang l
l cho trang chn
l trn
chiu rng phn giy c dng g vn bn
chiu cao phn giy c dng g vn bn

Bn c th dng gi geometry vic thay i c giy, rng l c d dng v trc quan

hn. Bn nn c ti liu hng dn ca gi geometry bit thm chi tit. Di y l v d.
\geometry{paperwidth=25cm}
\geometry{paperheigth=35cm}
% hoc: \geometry{papersize={25cm,35cm}}
\geometry{width=20cm}
% chiu rng tng cng
\geometry{heigth=30cm}
% chiu cao tng cng
% hoc: \geometry{total={20cm,30cm}}
\geometry{textwidth=18cm} % chiu rng phn giy c dng g vn bn
\geometry{textheigth=25cm} % chiu cao phn giy c dng g vn bn
% hoc: \geometry{body={18cm,25cm}}
\geometry{left=3cm}
% l tri
\geometry{rigth=1.5cm}
% l phi
% hoc: \geometry{hmargin={3cm,2cm}}
\geometry{top=2cm}
% l trn
\geometry{bottom=3cm}
% l di
% hoc: \geometry{vmargin={2cm,3cm}}
\geometry{marginparwidth=2cm}
\geometry{head=1cm}
% chiu cao ca phn HEADER

Bn cng c th dng cc tham s khi ti gi geometry:

\usepackage[left=3cm, right=2cm]{geometry}

2.6 File/Printer Setup

2.5.1

2 THE FILE MENU

Page Setup/Headers and Footers

Gi fancyhdr cung cp cho bn macro mi \pagestyle{fancy}. Khi dng macro ny (trc

\begin{document}), cc dng
\lhead{} % empty
\chead{Hello, world!}
\rhead{Page \thepage} % page number
\lfoot{}
\cfoot{\textbf{Hello!}}
\rfoot{}

2.6

File/Printer Setup

This is highly OS-dependent, and definitely outside of the scopes of LATEX. Assuming that youre
using a Unix-like system, these tips may come in handy:
lpr -P printername prints to the specified printer;
lpr -# 10 prints 10 copies;
lpr -r removes the file after printing it

Other tips will come soon.

2.7

File/Print Preview (xem trc)

Trong khi vit m ngun TEX cho ti liu, bn c mun xem trc, xem th kt qu. C th
dng cc cch sau:
chuyn t tp tin *.tex qua dng tp tin .dvi (bng latex file.tex) v xem tp tin
*.dvi bng xdvi, yap, v.v...;
chuyn t tp tin .dvi sang dng PostScript bng chng trnh dvips, sau xem kt
qu bng chng hn Ghostview;
to tp tin .pdf t kt qu *.dvi bng ng dng dvipdfm hoc t (trc tip) tp tin
*.tex bng chng trnh pdflatex.

Theo kin ca tc gi, vic to ra kt qu dng *.pdf l gii php tt nht, v nh ti

liu ca bn c tnh tng thch, kh chuyn rt cao (c th gi i xa, n cc my tnh vi
cc h iu hnh khc nhau, m vn m bo ti liu ca bn c th c c). Hn na, gi
hyperref dng cng vi ng dng pdflatex lm cho kt qu *.pdf c thm cc siu lin kt, rt
linh hot (xem Mc 4.15). Tuy nhin, vic dng pdflatex c th s mang li mt s xung t
vi mt s gi. Xin xem chi tit Mc 4.12.

Ch

2.8 File/Print (in n)

2.8

3 THE EDIT MENU

File/Print (in n)

Kt qu ca vic bin dch tp tin .tex c th cc dng *.dvi, *.ps hay *.pdf. Vi mi dng,
c cc chng trnh khc nhau xem tp tin kt qu (v d, kdvi xem kt qu .dvi). Cc
chng trnh ny u cho php bn in; hy n menu File/Print.

2.9

File/Versions (qun l phin bn)

y khng phi l kh nng ca LATEX. Di cc h iu hnh Unix hay Win32, bn c th

dng cc cng c nh RCS (Revision Control System) hay CVS (Concurrent Version Control
System); cc cng c ny c th tch hp trong cc chng trnh son tho.
TODO: gi version, gi ktv-texdata.

The Edit Menu

Menu ny th hin kh nng ca chng trnh son tho hn l kh nng ca LATEX. Hy tham
kho bng 1 bit cc t hp phm tng ng vi cc menu Edit/Cut, Edit/Copy, Edit/Paste,
Edit/Find, v Edit/Replace trong mt s chng trnh son tho.
Action
start selection
end selection
cut
copy
paste
find
replace

Emacs
Ctrl-@ or
Ctrl-SPACE
n/a
Ctrl-W
Alt-W
Ctrl-Y
Ctrl-S
Ctrl-%

vi
n/a

jed
Ctrl-KB

WinEdt
n/a

n/a
nD
nY
P
/
s/old/new/gc

Ctrl-KK
Ctrl-KY
Ctrl-KH
Ctrl-KC
Ctrl-QF
Ctrl-QA

n/a
Ctrl-X
Ctrl-C
Ctrl-V
Ctrl-F
Ctrl-H

Bng 1: Menu Edit trong mt s Editor.

Vic la chn (select) mt on vn khng ch cho php thc hin cc thao tc nh ct, dn,
m cn cho php p dng cc kiu cho on vn . Tng ng vi iu ny ca cc b x l
vn bn, trong LATEX ta t on vn cn thay i kiu dng trong cp du ngoc, hoc trong
mi trng. V d, t m mt on vn, bn c th lm nh sau:
on vn ny c \textbf{t m;}\\
on vn sau
{\bfseries cng c t m;}\\
\begin{bfseries}
Dng ny c t m!
\end{bfseries}

on vn ny c t m;
on vn sau cng c t m;
Dng ny c t m!

3.1 Edit/Autotext (t g tt)

3.1

4 THE INSERT MENU

Edit/Autotext (t g tt)

G tt gip bn tit kim thi gian khi son tho. V d, bn ch cn g TC c Truyn

Ci Dn Gian Vit Nam mt cch t ng. Tnh nng ny ph thuc vo chng trnh
son tho. Tuy nhin, bn c th lm c vi LATEX:
\def\TC{\textsc{Truyn Ci Dn Gian Vit Nam}}

Sau khi nh ngha nh trn, mi ln bn gi \TC, bn s c Truyn Ci Dn Gian Vit

Nam. Lu rng, bn phi g chnh xc \TC, khng c dng \Tc, \tc,... (tr khi c nh
ngha khc cho cc macro ny).
iu ng lu l, vic dng cc macro g tt vi LATEX nh trn c nhiu im tin li. Chng
hn, nu mt lc no , bn thay Truyn Ci Dn Gian trong Truyn Ci Dn Gian
Vit Nam bi Truyn Ngn, bn ch vic nh ngha li \TC:
\def\TC{\textsc{Truyn Ngn Vit Nam}}

By gi, \TC s cho bn Truyn Ngn Vit Nam.

The Insert Menu

4
4.1

Insert/Breaks (ngt dng)

mt khong trng khng b v c cho bi

thm mt dng mi: dng \linebreak hoc \newline; xem di y bit thm chi tit.
bt u mt an vn mi, dng mt dng trng, hoc \\, hoc \par
sang trang mi, dng \newpage hoc \clearpage

Macro \linebreak s ko dn dng vn bn, cng \newline khng c tc dng ny:

Dng
ny
b
Dng ny th khng.
Ok, bn hiu ri.

Dng ny b ko dn!\linebreak
Dng ny th khng.\newline
Ok, bn hiu ri.

ko

dn!

Finally, \clearpage differs from \newpage in that it prints all pending floats (figures and tables).
Floats will be explained in Section 4.12.

4.2

Insert/Enumerated List (danh sch)

Danh sch lit k hoc danh sch c th t c cho bi cc mi trng itemize v enumerate.
C th dng tham s b sung cho \item thay i kiu hin th (xem di y)
\begin{itemize}
\item[*] bt u bng du sao;
\item[-] bt u bng du gch ngang.
\end{itemize}

* bt u bng du sao;
- bt u bng du gch ngang..
9

4.2 Insert/Enumerated List (danh sch)

4 THE INSERT MENU

Cch khc thay i kiu (s La M, s -rp,...) ca cc s th t trong danh sch l dng

cc macro: \labelitemi, \labelitemii, \labelitemiii, \labelitemiv phi hp vi cc macro
thay i kiu con s: \arabic cho kiu s -rp, \Roman cho kiu s La m vit hoa, \roman
cho kiu s La m vit thng, \Alph v \alph cho kiu s dng ch ci.
\begin{itemize}
\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{*}
\renewcommand{\labelitemii}{-}
\item mc mt, phn t 1
\item mc mt, phn t 2
\begin{itemize}
\item mc hai, phn t 1
\item mc hai, phn t 2
\end{itemize}
\item mc mt, phn t 3
\end{itemize}

* mc mt, phn t 1
* mc mt, phn t 2
- mc hai, phn t 1
- mc hai, phn t 2
* mc mt, phn t 3

V d v danh sch c th t:
\begin{enumerate}
\renewcommand{\labelenumi}{%
\Alph{enumi}}
\renewcommand{\labelenumii}{%
\roman{enumii}}
\item mc mt, phn t 1
\item mc mt, phn t 2
\begin{enumerate}
\item mc hai, phn t 1
\item mc hai, phn t 2
\end{enumerate}
\item mc mt, phn t 3
\end{enumerate}

A mc mt, phn t 1
B mc mt, phn t 2
i mc hai, phn t 1
ii mc hai, phn t 2
C mc mt, phn t 3

Mt cch gn nh hn l dng gi enumerate. Bn ch vic thm tham s khi gi \begin{enumerate}.

Hy quan st v d di y.
\begin{enumerate}[a)]
\item mc mt, phn t 1
\item mc mt, phn t 2
\begin{enumerate}
\item mc hai, phn t 1
\item mc hai, phn t 2
\end{enumerate}
\item mc mt, phn t 3
\end{enumerate}

a) mc mt, phn t 1
b) mc mt, phn t 2
(a) mc hai, phn t 1
(b) mc hai, phn t 2
c) mc mt, phn t 3

Cng danh sch trn, dng cc s La m (vit thng) nh s:

10

4.3 Insert/Special Character (k t c bit)

K t
$
&
%
_
{
}
<
>
\
|

c

^
~

r

TM
a
o

4 THE INSERT MENU

Macro to k t
\$ or \textdollar
\&
\%
\_ or \textunderscore
\{ or \textbraceleft
\} or \textbraceright
$<$ or \textless
$>$ or \textgreater
\textbackslash
\textbar
\textbullet
\textdaggerdbl
\textdagger
\textparagraph
\textsection
\textcopyright
\textasciicircum
\textasciitilde
$\sim$
\textregistered
\texttrademark
\textordfeminine
\textordmasculine

Bng 2: Cc k t c bit trong LATEX.

\begin{enumerate}[i.]
\item mc mt, phn t 1
\item mc mt, phn t 2
\begin{enumerate}
\item mc hai, phn t 1
\item mc hai, phn t 2
\end{enumerate}
\item mc mt, phn t 3
\end{enumerate}

4.3

i. mc mt, phn t 1
ii. mc mt, phn t 2
(a) mc hai, phn t 1
(b) mc hai, phn t 2
iii. mc mt, phn t 3

Insert/Special Character (k t c bit)

Cc k t c bit y, c hiu l c bit i vi LATEX. Nhng k t ny bn phi g km

vi du gch ngc (\), hoc dng chng khi g cc cng thc ton, hoc khi vit cc macro.
Xem Bng 2 v cc k t c bit.
Nu bn mun c thm cc k t c bit, hy dng gi pifont. Gi ny cung cp cc macro:
\ding (v d \ding{100} s cho bn ), \dingfill, \dingline v mi trng dinglist. Hy
xem v d di y.

11

4.4 Insert/Formula (cng thc)

4 THE INSERT MENU

Y
B
E
H
K
o
q
u
v

\Yingyang
\Letter
\Lightning
\Mobilefone
\Coffeecup
\Football
\Cutright
\FAX
\Faxmachine
\Heart
\Smiley
\Bicycle
\Capricorn
\Bat
\Womanface

Bng 3: Mt s k t trong gi marvosym.

\begin{dinglist}{43}
\item mt
\item hai
\item ba
\end{dinglist}

mt
hai
ba

Vi cc danh sch c th t, bn dng mi trng dingautolist:

\begin{dingautolist}{172}
\item mt
\item hai
\item ba
\end{dingautolist}

4.3.1

mt
hai
ba

ng Euro:

Gi marvosym cung cp cho bn mt s k t c bit, trong c k hiu ng Euro (\EUR).

Xem Bng 3 bit mt s k t cho bi gi marvosym. Xem ti liu ca gi ny c danh
sch y cc k hiu.
[TODO: thm bng k t Dingbat.]

4.4

Insert/Formula (cng thc)

Th hin cc cng thc ton hc c th ni l sc mnh ch yu ca LATEX. chn cc k

hiu, biu thc ton hc vo chung mt dng vi vn bn, dng cp du ngoc $. Bn c th
thy vic biu din cng thc c nt tng t vi vic vit mt chng trnh Pascal.

12

4.5 Insert/Footnote (ch thch cui trang)

4 THE INSERT MENU

Ti yu ton: $x^n + x^n \neq

z^n \forall n \neq 2$
l nh l Fermat ln.

Ti yu ton: xn + xn 6= z n n 6= 2 l nh l
Fermat ln.

biu din cc cng thc ton hc ch ring, khng cng dng vi cc vn bn, dng mi
trng displaymath, hoc equation (cc phng trnh c nh s), hoc equation* (phng
trnh khng nh s).
nh l Fermat ln:
\begin{equation}
x^n + x^n \neq z^n
\quad\forall n \neq 2
\label{eq:fermat}
\end{equation}
Bn c th chng minh
bt ng thc (\ref{eq:fermat})?

nh l Fermat ln:
xn + xn 6= z n

n 6= 2

(1)

Bn c th chng minh bt ng thc (1)?

Cc biu thc, phng trnh phc tp hn i hi mt n lc rt ln khi dng LATEX. Tht may!
c gi amsmath gip bn rt nhiu. Xem ti liu ca gi ny bit thm chi tit.

4.5

Insert/Footnote (ch thch cui trang)

Dng macro \footnote{Ch thch 123456}2 s to ch thch cui trang (xem pha di trang
ny).
Nu bn mun thay i s th t ca ch thch, hy nh ngha li macro \footnote. V d:
\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{**}
y l ch thch\footnote
{y l ch thch.}
cui trang ;).

y l ch thch** cui trang ;).

**

y l ch thch.

Cng c th dng thay i kiu con s c dng:

\renewcommand{\thefootnote}{%
\Alph{footnote}}
y l ch thch\footnote{th nht.}
th nht,
v y l ch thch\footnote{th hai.}
th hai.

4.6

y l ch thcha th nht, v y l ch thchb

th hai.
a
b

th nht.
th hai.

Insert/Indices (Mc lc)

to Mc lc, danh sch cc bng, dnh sch cc hnh v, ch vic dng cc macro di y
(nh t cc macro ny trc khi gi n bt k macro \section, \chapter no)
\tableofcontents
\listoffigures
\listoftables
2

% mc lc
% danh sch cc hnh v
% danh sch cc bng

Ch thch 123456

13

4.7 Insert/Vertical and Horizontal Space

4.7

4 THE INSERT MENU

Insert/Vertical and Horizontal Space

Menu ny thc t khng tn ti trong bt k chng trnh x l vn bn no tc gi tng gp.

y qu l mt hn ch m LATEX khc phc.
K thut Thm cc khong trng thng c dng canh vn bn nm gia theo chiu ng,
chiu ngang, hay c hai; y qu l mt cng vic kh khn vi bt k chng trnh x l vn
bn no, i hi rt nhiu c gng th, xa v th c c kt qu nh . Trong LATEX, cc
macro \null hay ~ dng nh du v tr, theo sau l cc macro \vfill canh theo chiu
ng hoc \hfill canh theo chiu ngang. Xem v d di y:
mt \hfill hai\\
\vfill
~ \hfill ba \hfill ~\\
\vfill
bn \hfill nm
\null

mt

hai
ba

bn

nm

Thng thng, LATEX s khng cho php bn t cc khong trng nh ca bn. Tuy nhin,
nu bn mun lm cho ti liu ca mnh c v ln xn, hy dng ~ to cc khong trng
khng v:
Ngoi ra, macro \hspace cho php thm cc khong trng nh v d di y:
Sau y l khong cch\hspace{2cm}
rng 2-cm.

4.8

Sau y l khong cch

rng 2-cm.

Insert/Tabs

Mi trng tabbing cung cp ta kh nng ca phm TAB. Xem v d di y.

\begin{tabbing}
% t v tr ca TAB
~ \hskip 1cm \= ~ \hskip 2cm \=
~ \hskip 3cm \= \kill % b qua vn bn
Zero \> One \> Two \> Three \\
Zero \> One \> \> Three \+ \\ % qua phi
Zero \> Two \> Three \- \\ % qua tri
Zero \> One \> Two \\
\pushtabs % Lu v tr TAB
tab mi 1{\ldots} \= tab mi 2 \\
tab mi \> tab \\
\poptabs % phc hi v tr TAB
Zero \> One \> Two \> Three \\
\end{tabbing}

Zero
Zero

One
Two
One
Zero
Two
Zero One
Two
tab mi 1. . . tab mi 2
tab mi
tab
Zero One
Two

Three
Three
Three

Three

Xem thm cc mi trng tabular v table.

4.9

Insert/Cross Reference (tham kho cho)

Cc macro \label, \ref, \pageref gip cho bn c th tham kho cho n cc phn khc
nhau ca ti liu. Cc nhn ( nh du ch - ni tham kho) thng c dng prefix:nhn.
14

4.10 Insert/Margin Notes (ch thch bn l)

4 THE INSERT MENU

Trong , prefix l tin t c trng cho kiu nhn; tin t ny do bn quy nh, nhng thng
thng l eq cho cc phng trnh, fig cho cc hnh v, sec cc mc v mc con (section v
subsection), tab cho cc bng, cha cho chng.... Cn nhn l mt tn gi nh.
V d di y, ta s dng \label v \ref tham kho n s trang.
\paragraph{V d.}
\label{par:vidu}
y l on vn trong
Mc~\ref{par:vidu}
trang \pageref{par:vidu}.

y l on vn trong Mc 4.9 trang 15.

Di y l v d v tham kho n cc phn t ca danh sch c th t.

\begin{enumerate}
\item\label{item:batdau}
bc mt: nhy n bc
\ref{item:ketthuc}
\item{bc khc}
\item{bc khc}
\item\label{item:ketthuc}
bc cui: nhy n bc
\ref{item:batdau}
\end{enumerate}

4.10

1. bc mt: nhy n bc 4
2. bc khc
3. bc khc
4. bc cui: nhy n bc 1

Insert/Margin Notes (ch thch bn l)

Rt n gin: dng \marginpar{on vn}.

4.11

on vn

Insert/Frame (khung)

Gi s bn cn to mt poster: bn cn phi t cc cu v cc hnh v ti nhng v tr c

nh trn trang giy. c c iu ny, bn hy dng gi textpos. Hy xem v d c cho
hnh v 7 (xem Ph lc A).

4.12

Insert/Figure (hnh)

Mt hnh v trong LATEX khng n gin l mt hnh, m c th l mt on vn, mt bng,

.... hay bt c th g khc m bn trong mi trng figure. Hy xem v d di y.
\begin{figure}[htbp]
% [htbp] cho bit th t u tin
% khi tm ch t hnh v: here ( y),
% top (bn trn), bottom (bn di),
% hoc trang ring.
\begin{center}
\texttt{=8-)}
\end{center}
\caption{Hnh v ny c tc gi yu thch.}
\label{fig:mysmiley}
\end{figure}

15

=8-)
Hnh 1: Hnh v ny c tc gi yu
thch.

4.12 Insert/Figure (hnh)

4 THE INSERT MENU

Hy ch rng cc hnh v s khng chc chn xut hin ni m bn t m LATEX. Thc t,

s khc nhau c bn gia b x l vn bn v LATEX l hnh v khng c v tr c nh; chng
l float, c kh nng dch chuyn vo v tr thch hp do LATEX xc nh. V vy, bn khng
nn dng cc cu tham kho, v d nh, xem hnh v trn, hay xem hnh v bn di; tt
nht l hy dng n gin xem Hnh v~\ref{fig:label}.

Ghi ch

Nu bn mun t cc hnh v ng ni bn mun, hy dng gi here; gi ny cung cp tham

s b sung H (here, y) ngn cho hnh v, bng khi b float.
i vi cc hnh v Encapsulate PostScript (.eps), bn c th nhng chng vo ti liu
LATEX bng cch dng gi graphicx v dng cc macro nh trong Hnh v 2.

Gnuplot 3D graph
sin(x*x + y*y)/(x*x + y*y)

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\fbox{\includegraphics
[width=0.5\textwidth, angle=-90]
{gnuplot.ps}}
\caption{ th Gnuplot.}
\label{fig:gnuplot}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
4
3
2
-4

1
-3

-2

0
-1
X

-1
0

-2
2

-3
4 -4

Hnh 2: th Gnuplot.
Vic ti cc hnh v ch thch hp vi dng file .eps. C mt vi gi khc cho php chuyn
cc hnh v .jpg, .gif, .png,.... sang dng .eps: mt trong nhng chng trnh tt nht l
ImageMagik thch hp cho nhiu h thng my tnh. Bn cnh , cn c mt cng c rt hay
chuyn cc file .jpg sang dng .eps l jpeg2ps.
Nu bn dng PDFLATEX, bn phi chuyn cch hnh v qua dng .pdf bng cng c epstopdf
v thay i vic ti cc hnh tng ng. Nu bn mun dng c hai dng .pdf v .eps ca cng
mt hnh v, hy lm nh di y.
% to bin boolean \ifpdf
\newif\ifpdf
\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
\pdffalse
\else
\pdftrue
\pdfoutput=1
\fi
\documentclass{....}

% phi \documentclass y

...
% np gi thch hp
\ifpdf
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}

16

Ch

4.13 Insert/Shapes (ng)

4 THE INSERT MENU

\pdfcompresslevel=9
\else
\usepackage{graphicx}
\fi
...
% np hnh v thch hp
\ifpdf
\includegraphics{file.pdf}
\else
\includegraphics{file.eps}
\fi

[TODO: xem gi wrapfig]

Nu bn np lin tip 18 hnh v m khng t bt k cu ch no gia chng, bn s gp li
Too many unprocessed floats. Gii php n gin nht3 cho vn ny l t lnh \clearpage
c sau mi hoc 4 hnh v.

4.13

Insert/Shapes (ng)

Mi trng picture gip bn v cc ng trn (\circle), hnh -van (\oval), v.v... Theo
tc gi, vic v cc hnh khng dng vi cc mi trng ha l rt kh, v mi trng
picture cng c nhng hn ch nh vy. C gii php hay hn l dng gi epic v gi eepic
(ti hai gi ny theo th t ch ra), cng vi chng trnh v hnh Xfig (ch thch hp vi h
thng Unix).
Chng trnh Xfig trng c v xu x, nhng thc t l mt chng trnh rt mnh. Mt trong
nhng tin li ca n l kh nng chuyn hnh do n v thnh cc dng khc nhau, k c cc
file PostScript. Mt kh nng khc, l chng trnh c kh nng chuyn cc m LATEX nhng,
nh , bn c th nhp vo cc m lnh LATEX to bng, k hiu khi v.
By gi, gi s bn v xong hnh v small.fig vi chng trnh Xfig. T Xfig, chn menu
File/Export. . . v sau chn LaTeX picture + eepic macros t menu Language. Khi , bn
s thu c tp tin small.eepic c th nhng vo ti liu LATEX.
y l hnh v bng Xfig:
This is a picture drawn with Xfig:\\
% \input{small.eepic}
% s khng lm vic vi pdflatex!
\input{small.eepic}









iu khng may, l eepic khng lm vic vi pdflatex. V vy, t chng trnh Xfig, bn chn
dng xut (export) l Combined PS/LaTeX (both parts). Nh , bn s nhn c hai tp
tin khc nhau: small.pstex v small.pstex_t. i tp tin th hai thnh small.tex, m file
ny v thm cc dng sau y vo u file:
\documentclass{article}
3

nhng khng phi l tt nht

17

Ch

4.14 Insert/Line (on thng)

4 THE INSERT MENU

\usepackage{graphicx}
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
sau , thm cc dng sau vo cui file small.tex:
\end{document}
By gi, bin dch file small.tex, ri chuyn kt qu t dng .ps sang dng .eps v np hnh
thu c nh ni Mc 4.12.

4.14

Insert/Line (on thng)

Bn c th v cc on thng vi chiu di v rng ty nh macro \rule:

Di bng chiu rng trang:\\
\rule{\linewidth}{1pt}
on ny ngn hn, dy hn:\\
\rule{2cm}{2mm}

Di bng chiu rng trang:

on ny ngn hn, mng hn:

Mt loi ng v th v l ng cc du chm (\dotfill):

H v Tn: \dotfill\dotfill
S bo danh:\dotfill

4.15

H v Tn: . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S bo danh:. . . . . . .

Insert/Hyperlink (siu lin kt)

chn cc lin kt vo ti liu, bn c th dng gi url. Gi ny thng c dng vi cc gi

hyperref v cc chng trnh dvipdf, pdflatex (chuyn file *.tex qua dng *.pdf) nh , cc
file kt qu dng *.pdf tr nn linh hot hn nh lin kt c vi cc ti liu khc hoc lin
kt vi cc phn khc ca cng ti liu. (Nu bng dng YAP xem cc file kt qu *.dvi, cc
siu lin kt cng c hiu.)
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks,urlcolor=blue]{hyperref}
...
y l mt siu lin kt n trang ch ca
\begin{document}
...
VnTeX: http://vntex.sarovar.org/
y l mt siu lin kt n trang ch
ca VnTeX: \url{http://vntex.sarovar.org/}
...

Khi dng gi hyperref, bn c c macro \href cung cp nhiu tin nghi hn khi chn cc siu
lin kt.
\href{http://vntex.sarovar.org/}{%
Lin kt n trang ch ca VnTeX}

Lin kt n trang ch ca VnTeX

18

4.16 Insert/Comment (ch thch)

4.16

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Insert/Comment (ch thch)

Khi son cc ti liu vi LATEX, mt vic lm rt thng xuyn l thm cc ch thch. Cng
xy ra trng hp bn khng mun mt phn ti liu no c in ra, nhng li mun gi
chng li trong tp tin ngun tin theo di. Khi , bn cn bin phn mun che i thnh
ch thch.
Cc n gin nht l thm k t % trc dng cn ch thch. Mi th k t k t % cho n
cui dng u bin mt.
Bn cng c th dng gi comment; gi ny cung cp mi trng comment bin mt phn
no (ty ) thnh ch thch.
Khng th c c % cc ch ny
% y l dng ch thch

Khng th c c

in ra k t %, bn dng du gch ngc: \% s cho %.

The Format Menu

Ni chung, kiu dng (nh dng) chnh ca ti liu c ci t t ng khi bn gi \documentclass:

c font chung cho ton ti liu (10, 11 hoc 12 pt), kiu giy (a4paper, a5paper, b5paper,
letterpaper, legalpaper, executivepaper), chiu giy (portrait, landscape). V d:
\documentclass[a5paper,landscape,12pt]{article}

Nu bn ch gi macro \documentclass m khng c thm tham s b sung, tc l \documentclass{article},

th cc gi tr mc nh m LATEX la chn l: c giy A4, c ch 10 im (10pt), chiu giy
portrait.
chn la cc c font khc nhau, xem Mc 5.2.1.

5.1

Format/Line Spacing (dn dng)

Khong cch gia cc dng c th thay i nh \baselinestretch. V d

\baselinestretch 7 mm

C mt cch khc, l dng gi doublespace hoc gi setspace (mt trong hai gi ny u c).
Cc mi trng c cung cp l singlespace (cho khong cch n), onehalfspace (cho
khong cch bng 1.5 ln so vi bnh thng) v doublespace (gp i).

5.2

Format/Character (k t)

Cc tnh cht chun ca k t c lit k bng 4.

Ch rng, c s khc bit khi dng kiu ch in nghing (italic) v khi dng macro \emph (
nhn mnh - emphasize). Vic dng cc font ch in nghing lun cho tc dng in nghing. Trong
khi , macro \emph thng minh hn, s in nghing khi on vn mun nhn mnh ang kiu
bnh thng, v s bnh thng khi on vn mun nhn mnh ang kiu in nghing. V d
19

5.2 Format/Character (k t)

Tnh cht
\textnormal
\textrm
\textit
\emph
\textmd
\textbf
\textup
\textsl
\textsf
\textsc
\texttt
\underline
\mathrm
\mathbf
\mathsf
\mathtt
\mathit
\mathnormal
\mathcal

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Mi trng
textnormal
rmfamily
itshape
n/a
mdseries
bfseries
upshape
slshape
sffamily
scshape
ttfamily
underline
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a

V d
kiu ch chnh ca ti liu
roman
in nghing
emphasis
trung bnh (mc nh)
in m
upright (mc nh)
slanted
sans serif
ch hoa nh
kiu nh my
gch chn
xn + xn 6= zn n 6= 2
xn + xn 6= zn n 6= 2
xn + xn 6= zn n 6= 2
xn + xn 6= zn n 6= 2
x n + x n 6= z n n 6= 2
xn + xn 6= z n n 6=
ABCDEFGHIJ ...

Bng 4: Thuc tnh ca k t.

Bnh thng.... \emph{nhn mnh}....\\

\emph{Nhn mnh...
\emph{bnh thng}... nhn mnh}

Bnh thng.... nhn mnh.... bnh thng

Nhn mnh... bnh thng... nhn mnh

Cc c (logic - tng i) font chun c lit k bng 5.

5.2.1

Format/Character Size (c ch)

Nu cc c ch mc nh (10, 11 v 12) m LATEX cung cp khng tha mn nhu cu ca bn,

bn c th dng gi extsizes. Gi ny cung cp nhiu c ch khc nhau, gm: c t 8 n 12, c
14, c 17 v c 20.
Chng hn, bn mun vit mt bi bo nh (article) dng c ch 17 (17pt), bn hy khai bo
nh sau:
\documentclass[17pt]{extarticle}

C mt cch khc c c cc c font ln l dng gi type1cm. Sau khi ti gi ny, bn c

th chn c font nh sau:
\fontsize{72pt}{72pt}\selectfont
Khng ht thuc

Khng ht thuc
20

5.2 Format/Character (k t)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Font size
tiny
scriptsize
footnotesize
small
normalsize
large

Example
v d

v d

v d

v d

v d

v d

Large

v d

LARGE

v d

huge

v d

Huge

v d

Bng 5: Cc c font logic khc nhau.

5.2.2

Format/Character Font (kiu ch)

V cc font ting Vit trong LATEX, bn c th xem : http://viettug.sarovar.org/guides/

font/.

Ch

bo m tnh tng thch, kh chuyn v cho kt qu tt nht, LATEX dng font ring ca
mnh, cc font METAFONT.
iu may mn l LATEX c th dng cc PostScript font. Bn hy th dng mt trong cc
gi sau y:
avant, avangar, bookman, chancery, charter, courier, helvet, helvetic, ncntrsbk, newcent, palatcm,
palatino, pifont, times, utopia, zapfchan.
Hy lu rng, cc cng thc ton lun dng cc font ring ca LATEX; ngha l vic dng cc
kiu font khc nhau ca bn khng nh hng n cc biu thc ton.
Cc gi va k trn c nh hng n ton ti liu. dng cc font PostScript ch cho mt
vng no ca ti liu, bn hy dng cc macro thay i font nh trong v d di y. Cc h
(kiu) font hay dng nht c lit k trong bng 6. Ch rng, mt s font c th khng c
trn mt s h thng.
y l font Vit Nam CMR\\
{\fontfamily{cmss}\selectfont
y l font Vit Nam CMSS!}

y l font Vit Nam CMR

y l font Vit Nam CMSS!

Di y l cc macro lu tr cc font mc nh.

\rmdefault (roman)
\sfdefault (sans serif)
\ttdefault (typewriter - kiu nh my)
\bfdefault (boldface - kiu in m)

21

Ch

5.2 Format/Character (k t)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Family
cmr
cmss
cmtt
pag
pbk
phv
pnc
ppl
ptm
pcr

Name
Computer Modern Roman
Computer Modern Sans Serif
Computer Modern Typewriter
Avantgarde
Bookman
Helvetica
New Century Schoolbook
Palatino
Times
Courier

Bng 6: H cc font hay dng.

\mddefault (medium - kiu trung bnh)

\itdefault (italics - kiu in nghing)
\sldefault (slanted)
\scdefault (small caps - kiu ch hoa c nh)
\updefault (upright)

i khi, bn mun thay th ton b mt kiu font no bi mt kiu khc. Chng hn, nu
bn mun thay th cc font cmr trong vn bn bi cmss, bn c th dng
\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{cmss}

5.2.3

Format/Character Colour (mu ch)

Bn c th dng gi color thay i mu ch. Cc mu c nh ngha trc l

black, white, red, green, blue, cyan, magenta, v yellow.
Bn cng c th nh ngha mu ca ring bn.
\textcolor{red}{y l mu .}\\
\color{blue}
y l mu .
y l mu xanh!\\
y l mu xanh!
Dng ny cng c mu xanh.\\
\definecolor{mygreen}{rgb}{0.1,1,0.1}
Dng ny cng c mu xanh.
\color{mygreen}
y l mu mi c nh ngha
y l mu mi c nh ngha\\
Hp mu xanh da tri
\color{black}% ch by gi c mu en
\colorbox{cyan}{Hp mu xanh da tri}\\
Khung vn bn nn xanh l cy, vin xanh
\fcolorbox{blue}{green}{%
Khung vn bn nn xanh l cy, vin xanh}

22

5.3 Format/Paragraph (on vn)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Gi color cn cung cp cho bn macro \pagecolor. Bn c th on ra macro ny lm g

ch?

5.3

Format/Paragraph (on vn)

Trc ht, bn phi nh rng on trong LATEX l phn ti liu trong tp tin ngun c kt
thc bng \\, hoc theo sau bi mt dng trng.
Mi trng l cch LATEX thit lp cc thuc tnh cho mt phn ca ti liu, v d thuc tnh
c ch, canh l, v.v... iu ny ging nh khi trong Microsoft Word, bn chn mt phn ti liu
vi chut, ri chn tnh cht (properties) ca phn vn bn (t menu ng cnh - chut phi).
Mt cch khc thit lp mi trng l t on ti liu vo trong cp du ngoc.
Cc mi trng c s dng di dng
\begin{tn-mi-trng}
...vn bn thuc mi trng...
\end{tn-mi-trng}

Chng hn, nu bn mun canh gia cho mt on vn, bn c th dng mi trng center:
\begin{center}
on vn ny c canh gia
\end{center}

on vn ny c canh gia

Cc mi trng chun ca LATEX c lit k trong bng 7. Trong cc mc tip theo ca ti liu
ny, bn s bit dng chng nh th no v khi no.
5.3.1

Format/Paragraph Horizontal Alignment (canh theo chiu ngang)

Theo mc nh, vn bn s c canh u (justify). canh tri, canh phi, canh gia bn
dng cc mi trng flushleft, flushright, center tng ng. Bn c th dng cc macro
\raggedleft, \raggedright, hoc \centering (vi tham s l phn vn bn cn canh l). Lu
rng, cc macro ny khng bt u mt on vn mi.
5.3.2

Format/Paragraph Vertical Alignment (canh theo chiu ng)

Cch LATEX chia ra cc on vn c th ni l kh hiu i vi cc ngi quen s dng cc

chng trnh x l vn bn. Hy nh rng, cc dng trng, chui t hai khong trng lin tip
nhau u c b qua.
thay i khong cch gia cc on vn, hy dng cc macro \smallskip, \medskip,
\bigskip.
Nu bn mun c thm khong cch, bn c th dng macro \vskip nh v d di y:

23

5.3 Format/Paragraph (on vn)

Mi trng
array
center
description
enumerate
eqnarray
equation
figure
flushleft
flushright
itemize
letter
list
minipage
picture
quotation
quote
tabbing
table
tabular
thebibliography
theorem
titlepage
verbatim
verse

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Mc ch
To cc mng ton hc
Canh gia
Danh sch m t
Danh sch c th t (c nh s)
Chui cc phng trnh c canh thng
Phng trnh, biu thc ton
Hnh v (float)
Canh tri
Canh phi
Danh sch lit k
Th t
Danh sch tng qut
To mt trang giy nh
Hnh nh gm vn bn, mi tn, ng k, ng trn
Trch dn (c tht u dng)
Trch dn (khng tht u dng)
Canh thng cc on vn bt k
To bng
Canh vn bn theo ct
To th mc, danh sch ti liu tham kho
nh l, b , nh ngha,...
To trang tiu
Gi lp bn phm my tnh
Bi th, cu trch, v.v...

Bng 7: Cc mi trng chun ca LATEX.

24

5.3 Format/Paragraph (on vn)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

on vn ny s cch on vn bn di mt
khong chnh xc l 1.3 cm:

on vn ny s cch on vn bn
di mt khong chnh xc l 1.3 cm:\\
\vskip 1.3cm
pha trn on vn ny l mt khong
trng rng chnh xc 1.3cm.

pha trn on vn ny l mt khong trng

rng chnh xc 1.3cm.

rng macro \vskip ch lm vic nu bn t n gia cc on vn. Do , nu ngay sau

khi bt u mt trang mi (chng hn bng \newpage), bn s khng thy tc dng ca vic
dng macro \vskip.
C mt cch gii quyt, l nh du bng macro \null. Macro ny, ng nh tn ca n, ch
c tc dng nh du m khng in ra bt c iu g.
\null
\vskip 1.3 cm
Pha trn l khong trng 1.3 cm...

Pha trn l khong trng 1.3 cm...

Cui cng, macro \vfill c dng chn t ng cc dng trng gia cc on vn v y
li on vn i sau \vfill v tn cui trang.
on vn u trang
on vn u trang\\\vfill
on vn gia trang\\\vfill
on vn cui trang

on vn gia trang
on vn cui trang

5.3.3

Format/Paragraph Margins (margin ca on vn)

Cc margin c thit lp trong ton ti liu nh ni Mc 2.5. Vic thay i cc thit lp

ny cho mt phn ca ti liu s khng c tc dng. Nu mun, bn phi to mi trng ring,
nh trong v d di y:
% To mi trng mi c tn l margins
% Mi trng c hai tham s: #1: margin tri; #2: margin phi
\newenvironment{margins}[2]
{% bt u mi trng
\begin{list}{}{%
\setlength{\leftmargin}{#1} % margin tri
\setlength{\rightmargin}{#2}% margin phi
}
\item
}
{% kt thc mi trng
\end{list}
}

25

5.4 Format/Paragraph Border and Shade (K khung v to bng)

5 THE FORMAT MENU

Vic dng mi trng mi c cho v d sau:

Nh bn thy, on vn ny bnh thng

Nh bn thy, on vn ny bnh thng

\begin{margins}{0.5cm}{1cm}
Nhng on vn ny dng margin ring
\end{margins}

5.3.4

Nhng on vn ny dng margin

ring

Format/Paragraph Indentation (tht u dng)

thay i cch tht dng u tin ca mt on vn, dng macro \parindent. Trong v d
sau, ta t khong cch tht u dng l 1 cm:
\setlength{\parindent}{1cm}

Macro \indent v macro \noindent cho php hay khng vic tht u dng on vn k tip.
Cui cng, khong cch gia hai on vn c thay i bi \parskip:
\setlength{\parskip}{3pt}

5.4

Format/Paragraph Border and Shade (K khung v to bng)

ng khung mt on vn hay mt t, bn c th gi framed, hoc dng lnh \parbox.

(Trong trng hp sau, bn phi np thm gi cal.)
Di y l cch n gin nht, dng gi framed:
\setlength{\FrameRule}{2pt}
\setlength{\FrameSep}{5pt}
\begin{framed}
y l on vn c ng khung!
\end{framed}
\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.9,0.8,1}
\begin{shaded}
y l on vn c t bng,
bn c thch n khng?
\end{shaded}

y l on vn c ng khung!

y l on vn c t bng, bn c thch n
khng?

Mt cch khc, l dng gi boxedminipage v dng cc mi trng tng ng. C th hn,

nhm lnh sau
\framebox{
\begin{minipage}[c]{\linewidth}
vn bn c ng khung
\end{minipage}
}

c hiu qu tng ng vi vic dng mi trng boxedminipage.

Di y l v d dng macro \parbox:

26

5.5 Format/Colour (mu)

\noindent
\fbox{
\parbox{\linewidth
-2 \fboxsep -2 \fboxrule}
{on vn c ng khung!}
}

5 THE FORMAT MENU

on vn c ng khung!

Macro \linewidth dng xc nh chiu rng (tng i) ca khung theo rng ca dng.
Tt nhin, thay v dng \linewidth -2 \fboxsep -2 \fboxrul nh trn, bn c th ch ra
rng (tuyt i) ca khung nu bn thch.
Cui cng, bn c th to mt khung vi rng bng vi rng ca vn bn c ng
khung (vic tnh ton ny l t ng, bn khng phi quan tm):
khung rng bng rng ca t
\framebox[\width]{i cu}

khung rng bng rng ca t i cu

Nu bn mun, chng hn, khung c rng bng hai ln rng ca t i Cu, bn c th

dng:
khung rng bng hai ln rng ca t
\framebox[2\width][l]{i cu}

khung rng bng hai ln rng ca t

i cu

Trong v d trn, macro \framebox c gi vi tham s b sung th hai ([l]). Tham s ny

cho bit cch canh l vn bn bn trong khung ( v d trn l canh tri).

5.5

Format/Colour (mu)

By gi, bn bit cch ng khung mt on vn. Lm th no t mu (nn) cho khung

vn bn ?
\colorbox{yellow}{
\begin{minipage}
{0.8\linewidth}
on vn trong khung ny
c t mu vng!
\end{minipage}
}

on vn trong khung ny c t
mu vng!

Vui lng xem Mc 5.2.3 bit thm chi tit v vic dng mu.

5.6

Format/Columns (ct)

Cc macro \twocolumn v \onecolumn s bt u mt trang mi vi s ct vn bn l mt hoc

hai tng ng. Cc macro ny c th t bt c u trong ti liu, v c th t nh l tham
s khi gi \documentclass.
Nu chng vn cha , bn c th dng gi multicol; gi ny cung cp mi trng multicols
gip bn chia trang giy ra hai ct hay nhiu hn. Tham s u tin ca mi trng cho bit
s ct, nh v d di y l 2.

27

6 THE TABLE MENU (TO BNG)

\columnseprule=2pt
\begin{multicols}{2}
Chiu rng khong cch gia cc ct vn bn c iu khin bi tham s
\cmd{columnsep}, v chiu rng ca dng k gia cc ct c iu khin
bi tham s \cmd{columnseprule}. Trong v d ny, tc gi dng
\verb!\columnseprule=2pt!.
\end{multicols}

Chiu rng khong cch gia cc ct vn bn khin bi tham s \columnseprule. Trong v

c iu khin bi tham s \columnsep, v d ny, tc gi dng \columnseprule=2pt.
chiu rng ca dng k gia cc ct c iu
\columnseprule=1pt
\begin{multicols}{2}[Ch : t ra ngoi cc ct...]
i khi, c mt phn vn bn no bn mun t ra ngoi cc ct,
v d khi to cc mc vi \verb!\section{....}!
Hy dng tham s b sung cho mi trng.
\end{multicols}

Ch : t ra ngoi cc ct...
i khi, c mt phn vn bn no bn mun \section{....} Hy dng tham s b sung
t ra ngoi cc ct, v d khi to cc mc vi cho mi trng.

The Table Menu (to bng)

y l mt ch kh phc tp.... Di y l v d v bng.

\begin{table}[htbp] % th t u tin: here, top, bottom, separate page
% \begin{small}
% font cho bng
\begin{center}
% bng vo gia trang
%
% to bng vi 4 ct, canh theo t t: tri-gi-phi-c nh
%
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|p{4cm}|}
\hline
% ng k ngang
\textbf{Tri} & \textbf{Gia} & \textbf{Phi} & \textbf{4 cm} \\
\hline
dng 1, ct 1 & dng 1, ct 2 & dng 1, ct 3 & dng 1, ct 4 \\
\cline{1-2}
% ng k gia gia cc ct 1-2
dng 2, ct 1 & dng 2, ct 2 & dng 2, ct 3 & dng 2, ct 4 \\
\cline{1-2}
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{trn hai ct} & dng 3, ct 3 &
dng 3, ct 4 \\
\cline{1-3}
dng 4, ct 1 & dng 4, ct 2 & dng 4, ct 3 & ~ \hfill phi \\
% thm mt khong trng bng "\ "
dng 5, ct 1 & dng 5, ct 2 & dng 5, ct 3 & tri \hfill ~ \\
dng 5, ct 1 & dng 5, ct 2 & dng 5, ct 3 &
~ \hfill gia \hfill ~ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}

28

6 THE TABLE MENU (TO BNG)

\caption{V d v bng.}
% t nhn y, c th tham kho cho
% v d, "xem Bng~\ref{tab:sampletab}"
\label{tab:sampletab}
\end{center}
% \end{small}
\end{table}

Kt qu ca cc m trn l bng 8. Hy nh rng cc bng l float, c th c t vo v

tr theo ca LATEX (ch khng phi ca bn!); xem Mc 4.12.
Tri
Gia
dng 1, ct 1 dng 1, ct
dng 2, ct 1 dng 2, ct
trn hai ct
dng 4, ct 1 dng 4, ct
dng 5, ct 1 dng 5, ct
dng 5, ct 1 dng 5, ct

2
2
2
2
2

dng
dng
dng
dng
dng
dng

1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
5,

Phi
ct 3
ct 3
ct 3
ct 3
ct 3
ct 3

4 cm
dng 1, ct 4
dng 2, ct 4
dng 3, ct 4
phi
tri
gia

Bng 8: V d v bng.
i khi, mt bn qu rng s khng va kht trong mt trang giy. Trong trng hp ny,
gi rotating cung cp mi trng sidewaystables xoay cc bng theo chiu ngang hay hc.
Ngoi ra, gi longtable cung cp cc bng c th t ng ct ra nhiu phn cc trang khc
nhau nu bng qu di.
[TODO: thm cc v d.]
thm mu cho cc trong bng, bn c th dng gi colortbl:
i mu theo dng:\\\vskip 2mm
\begin{tabular}{|l|c|r|}
\hline
\rowcolor{cyan}
mt & hai & ba\\
\rowcolor{green}
mt & hai & ba\\
\rowcolor{yellow}
mt & hai & ba\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

i mu theo dng:
mt
mt
mt

29

hai
hai
hai

ba
ba
ba

7 THE TOOLS MENU

i mu theo ct:\\\vskip 2mm

\begin{tabular}
{|>{\columncolor{cyan}}l
|>{% mu ch: ; mu ct: green; canh: gia
i mu theo ct:
\color{red}
\columncolor{green}}c
|>{\columncolor{yellow}}r|
mt hai ba
}
mt hai ba
\hline
mt
hai ba
mt & hai & ba\\
mt & hai & ba\\
mt & hai & ba\\
\hline
\end{tabular}

[TODO: gi floatflt thay i float ca bng.]

7
7.1

The Tools Menu

Tools/Default Language (ngn ng)

Ngn ng mc nh dnh cho LATEX l ting Anh, tuy nhin, cc ngn ng khc cng c
h tr. Nu bn mun dng ting Vit vi LATEX, bn c th s dng gi VnTeX (xem http:
//vntex.sarovar.org/ bit thm chi tit). Mt s cc tp tin mu c km theo ti liu ny
cho bn v d v s dng ting Vit trong LATEX.
Nu bn dng nhiu ngn ng trong cng mt ti liu, bn c th dng gi babel nh sau:
\usepackage[english,vietnam]{babel}

Trong v d trn, ngn ng c dng sau cng l ting Vit.

[TODO: v d s dng gi babel]

7.2

Tools/Hyphenation

Although LATEX does a good job at hyphenating words, sometimes manual intervention may
yield better results. Manual hyphenations are specified inserting \- where we want the word to
be broken. A better way is to declare hyphenation rules:
\hyphenation{ge-o-phy-sics, ge-o-lo-gy, earth}

The above declaration instructs LATEX not to hyphen the word earth. Another way to prevent
a word to be hyphenated is to enclose it in \mbox:
Do not hyphen \mbox{internationalisation}.

30

7.3 Tools/Spell Check

7.3

9 THE END (LI CUI)

Tools/Spell Check

Spell checking the text is not something LATEX is aware of; it is another tools work. Under Unix,
you can use ispell this way:
shell> ispell -t mydocument.tex

The -t switch instructs ispell to ignore TEX and LATEX commands. If your language is different
than English, specify the appropriate dictionary with the -d switch:
shell> ispell -d italiano -t mydocument.tex

The Help Menu (gip )

Khi bn cn s gip trong vic s dng LATEX, bn c th c c ti liu bng nhiu cch
khc nhau, bao gm online v offline. Bn nn tham kho a ch http://www.ctan.org/
tex-archive/info/ c thm cc thng tin rt hu ch.
info latex (h thng Unix) cho bn cc thng tin kh y v LATEX;
http://www.giss.nasa.gov/latex/ cha ti liu tham kho (online) v rt nhiu lin kt
c ch.
http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/LatexHelpBook/ cha cc gip v LATEX,
thch hp cho ngi dng Windows.
nhm tin news:comp.text.latex.

Nhiu bn phn phi GNU/Linux c ng gi teTeX, mt trong nhng h thng TEX/LATEX

y v kh ph bin. Rt nhiu ti liu i cng vi phn phi ca teTeX v chng thng
c t trong th mc TeXMF/doc.
i vi ngi dng MikTeX (Windows), hy n cc th mc TeXMF/doc v TeXMF/source.
Cc th mc ny cha rt nhiu ti liu, v d, m ngun gip bn s dng LATEX.
Ngoi ra, nu bn c th tham gia cng ng VitTUG (nhm ngi Vit Nam s dng TEX)
c c s gip hon ton min ph.

The End (Li cui)

c Guido Gonzato, 2001, and released under the GNU General Public Licence.
This document is
I really hope youll find this guide useful. For any suggestions or comments, please feel free to
contact me.
c 2004.
ccc gi bn quyn bn dch ting Vit ca ti liu ny,
Ti liu hng dn ny c ccc bin dch sang ting Vit t bn gc (ting Anh) ca tc gi
Guido Gonzato v phn phi li theo giy php GNU LGPL (Lesser General Public License).

31

9 THE END (LI CUI)

Bn nn tham kho giy php GNU LGPL bit thm chi tit v cc iu kin s dng, phn
phi v thay i ti liu ny cng m ngun ca n.
Hy vng rng ti liu ny s c ch cho bn. Nu bn c kin, ngh g ng gp, xin vui lng
lin lc vi ccc. Xin cm n.

32

A CC MU TI LIU

Cc mu ti liu

Mu ti liu tng ng vi lp article c gii thiu Mc 2.1. Di y l mt s mu

ng vi cc lp khc ca LATEX. Bn c th t nh my cc mu ny, hoc chp m ngun t
a ch http://vntex.sarovar.org/download/
\documentclass[twoside,11pt]{book}
\usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam} % URL: http://vntex.sarovar.org/
\begin{document}
\frontmatter
\begin{titlepage}
\title{Cun sch u tin}
\end{titlepage}
\author{ccc}
\maketitle
\tableofcontents
\mainmatter
\part{Phn M u}
\chapter{Chng Gii thiu}
\section{Mc Bt u}
Ni dung chng u tin.
\part{Phn Kt thc}
\backmatter
Cm n bn c cun sch ny.
\end{document}

Hnh 3: Mu to cun sch.

33

A CC MU TI LIU

\documentclass[twoside,12pt]{report}
\usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam} % URL: http://vntex.sarovar.org/
% lit k cc bng v hnh v float cui
\usepackage{endfloat}
\begin{document}
\frontmatter
\title{Bo co cui cng}
\author{ccc}
\date{Qung Nam, \today}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
y l bo co cui cng.
\end{abstract}
\tableofcontents
\listoftables
\listoffigures
\mainmatter
\part{Phn bt u}
\section{Gii thiu}
Bt u ni dung bo co.
\end{document}

Hnh 4: Mu to bo co.

\documentclass[12pt]{letter}
\usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam} % URL: http://vntex.sarovar.org/
\begin{document}
\address{a ch ngi gi}
\signature{Ch k}
\begin{letter}{a ch ngi nhn}
\opening{Nga thn mn!}
Thank you for being my friend.
\closing{Mong sm gp li bn!}
\ps{P.S. Cho t gi li thm My!}
\encl{Hnh v ca gia nh ti!}
\end{letter}
\end{document}

Hnh 5: Mu to l th.

34

A CC MU TI LIU

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{type1cm}
\usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam}
\usepackage{times}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{rotating}
\pagestyle{empty}
\begin{document}
\begin{sidewaysfigure}
\fontsize{2.5cm}{2.5cm}\selectfont
\centerline{\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{Vui lng:}}}
\vskip 1cm
\fontsize{4cm}{3cm}\selectfont
\centerline{\textcolor{red}{\MakeUppercase{Khng}}}
\centerline{\textcolor{red}{\MakeUppercase{ht}}}
\centerline{\textcolor{red}{\MakeUppercase{ y!}}}
\vskip 1cm
\fontsize{2cm}{2cm}\selectfont
\centerline{\textcolor{magenta}{Nu bn ht,}}
\centerline{\textcolor{magenta}{bn s \emph{b pht!}}}
\end{sidewaysfigure}
\end{document}

Hnh 6: Mu to thng bo.

35

A CC MU TI LIU

\newif\ifpdf
\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
\pdffalse
\else
\pdftrue
\pdfoutput=1
\fi
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[tcvn]{vietnam} % vit ting Vit
% xem: http://vntex.sarovar.org/
\usepackage[absolute,showboxes]{textpos}
\usepackage{color}
% c mu
\usepackage{framed}
% to khung
\ifpdf
\usepackage[pdftex]{graphicx}
\pdfcompresslevel=9
\else
\usepackage{graphicx}
\fi
\usepackage{graphicx}

% np hnh v

\setlength{\TPHorizModule}{10mm} % n v tnh chiu di

\setlength{\TPVertModule}{\TPHorizModule}
\setlength{\TPboxrulesize}{1pt} % chiu rng ca ng vin khung
% bt u mi th t gn gc trn bn tri ca trang
\textblockorigin{0mm}{0mm}
\begin{document}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
\definecolor{shadecolor}{rgb}{0.9,1,1}
\begin{textblock}{5}(0,0)
% Khi ny c rng l 5 n v
% Chiu cao ca khi c tnh t ng.
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}[c]{0.8 \linewidth}
\begin{shaded}
Gc pha trn bn tri ca khi vn bn ny trng
vi \emph{gc} tnh ta ca trang; gc ny c
t ta (0mm,0mm). \MakeUppercase{} khi ny,
th \emph{khung}, \emph{chiu rng} ca margin,
\emph{mu v bng} c c nh dng mi trng
\texttt{minipage} v \texttt{shaded}.
\end{shaded}
\end{minipage}
\end{center}
\end{textblock}
\begin{textblock}{6}(10,1)
\ifpdf
\includegraphics[width=6cm,angle=-90]{gnuplot.pdf}
\else
\includegraphics[width=6cm,angle=-90]{gnuplot.ps}
\fi
Hnh v ny c t ta (10,1). Lu rng vic xoay
n mt gc $90^0$ theo chiu kim ng h lm hnh v b trn
ra ngoi khung.
\end{textblock}
\begin{textblock}{5}[0.5,0.5](2.5,8)
Khi ny c t v tr (2.5,8), nhng v ta s dng tham s b
sung [0.5,0.5], nn tm ca khi c t vo v tr (2.5,8),
ch khng phi l gc trn bn tri ca khi.
\end{textblock}
\begin{textblock}{3,4}(6,4)
Kch thc ca khi ny l $3cm\times 4cm$.
Gc ta (tng i) ca khi ny c t v tr (6,7) trn trang.
\emph{Ch rng cc ch b trn ra ngoi khi. Bn c th dng
\texttt{minipage} trnh iu ny.}
\end{textblock}
\end{document}

Hnh 7: Cch thit k mt poster.

36