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Edition: 001

mugpau;fs; epygug;G kw;Wk; tkprk;> Ml;rp kw;Wk; nghUshjhuk;>
rkak; kw;Wk; r%fk;
mugpau;fs; tho;e;j ,lq;fSk; mugpa rKjhaq;fSk;
~egp (]y;) mtu;fspd; tho;f;if tuyhW| vd;gJ kdpj
rKjhaj;jpw;fhf mtu;fs; nfhz;L te;j ,iwj;J}ijf; Fwpf;Fk;
nrhy;yhFk;. jhd; nfhz;L te;j ,iwj;J}ij jq;fspd; nrhy;>
nray;> topfhl;ly;> xOf;f khz;Gfs; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; kdpj
Fyj;jpw;F vLj;Jiuj;jhu;fs;. me;j ,iwj;J}Jj;Jtj;jhy; kdpj
tho;tpd; msTNfhy;fis Kw;wpYkhf khw;wpdhu;fs;; jPikfisf;
fise;J ed;ikfis Nghjpj;jhu;fs;; ,Uistpl;L kf;fis mfw;wp
xspia Nehf;fp mioj;J te;jhu;fs;. gilg;gpdq;fis
tzq;FtjpypUe;J kdpjid KOikahf tpLtpj;J>
gilg;ghsdhfpa xNu ,iwtid tzq;Fk;gb nra;jhu;fs;.
RUq;ff;$wpd;> ,t;Tyfpy; newp jtwp tho;e;j kdpjdpd; tho;f;ifg;
ghijia khw;wp nrk;ikahd mofpa ghijapy; mtid
thor;nra;jhu;fs;.
mugpau;fs; tho;e;j ,lq;fs;
~mug;| vd;w nrhy;Yf;F ghiytdk;> nghl;ly; g+kp> (kuk;> nrb
nfhbfs;> jz;zPu; ,y;yhj) twl;rpahd epyg;gug;G vdg; gy
mu;j;jq;fs; cs;sd. ePz;l fhykhf mugpa jPgfw;gj;Jf;Fk;
(,d;iwa ]T+jp) mq;F trpg;gtu;fSf;Fk; ,g;ngau; $wg;gLfpwJ.
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mugpa rKjhaq;fs;
1) my; muGy; ghapjh
,tu;fs; gz;ilf; fhy mugpau;fshd MJ> ]%J> j];K> [jP];>
,k;yhf;> cikk;> [{u;`{k;> `*u;> tghu;> mgPy;> [h]pk;> `o;u
kt;j; Mfpa tkprj;jpdu; Mtu;. Kjy; tifiar; Nru;e;j ,tu;fs;
fhyg;Nghf;fpy; mope;Jtpl;ljhy; ,tu;fSila tuyhw;W Fwpg;Gfs;
VJk; njhpatpy;iy.
2) my; muGy; Mgh
,tu;fs; v\;[{g; ,g;D a/Ug; ,g;D f`;jhdpd; re;jjpapdu;
Mtu;. f`;jhd; tkpr mugpau; vd;Wk; ,tu;fis miof;fg;gLk;.
3) my; muGy; K];j/gh
,tu;fs; egp ,];khaPy; (miy) mtu;fspd; re;jjpapduhtu;.
,tu;fis mj;dhd; tkpr mugpfs; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLk;.
,jw;F Kd; $wg;gl;l my; muGy; K];j/ghtpd; Kjd; Kjyhd
ghl;ldhu; egp ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) Mthu;fs;. egp ,g;wh`Pk; (miy)
mtu;fs; ,uhf; ehl;by; /Guhj; ejpapd; Nkw;F fiuapy; $/ghtpw;F
mUfhikapy; cs;s ~cu;| vd;w Ciur; Nru;e;jtu;fs;. egp
,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mtu;fspd; FLk;gk;> cu; kw;Wk; mij Rw;wpAs;s
Cu;fspd; rka r%f gz;ghLfs; Fwpj;J gy tphpthd jfty;fs;
mfo;thuha;r;rpfs; kw;Wk; njhy; nghUs; Muha;r;rpfs; %yk;
fpilj;Js;sd.
,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mtu;fs; jdJ ChpypUe;J ntspNawp `huhd;
my;yJ `u;uhd; vDk; Chpy; FbNawpdhu;fs;.
rpy fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpd; mq;fpUe;Jk; Gwg;gl;L /gy];jPdk; ehl;by;
FbNawpdhu;fs;.
/gy];jPid jdJ miog;Gg; gzpf;F ikakhf Mf;fpf;nfhz;L
mq;Fk; mijr; Rw;wpAs;s gy gFjpfspYk; tho;e;j kf;fis xNu
,iwtdpd; gf;fk; mioj;jhu;fs;.
xU Kiw kidtp rhuhTld; miog;Gg; gzpf;fhf mUfpYs;s Xu;
CUf;Fr; nrd;whu;fs;. md;id rhuh kpf mofpa
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Njhw;wKilatuhf ,Ue;jij mwpe;j mt;T+hpd; mepahaf;fhu
murd;> mtu;fis mioj;J tur;nra;J mtu;fSld; jtwhd
Kiwapy; elf;f Kad;whd;. md;id rhuh mtdplkpUe;J jd;id
ghJfhf;FkhW my;yh`;tplk; Ntz;bdhu;. mtd; rhuhit neUq;f
Kbahjgb my;yh`; mtid Mf;fptpl;lhd;. my;yh`;tplk; rhuh
kpf kjpg;gpw;Fhpatu;; NkYk;> ey;nyhOf;fr; rPyu; vd;gij ,jd;
%yk; mwpe;j me;j mepahaf;fhud;> rhuhtpd; rpwg;ig nkr;rp
my;yJ my;yh`;tpd; jz;lidapypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;s
rhuhTf;F gzp nra;a Xu; mofpa mbikg; ngz;iz toq;fpdhd;.
rhuh mtu;fs; mg;ngz;iz jdJ fztu; ,g;wh`PKf;F toq;fp
tpl;lhu;fs;. mg;ngz;kzpjhd; md;id `h[u; Mthu;. (]`P`{y;
Gfhhp)
,e;epfo;r;rpf;Fg; gpd; ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) jq;fspd; trpg;gplkhd
/gy];jPdj;jpw;Fj; jpUk;gpdhu;fs;.
mq;F `h[hpd; %ykhf ~,];khaPy;| vd;w Nkd;ikf;Fhpa xU
kfid> my;yh`; ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) mtu;fSf;F toq;fpdhd;.
gpwF my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisf;F ,zq;f ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) jq;fsJ
kfd; ,];khaPy; (miy) kw;Wk; `h[iu mioj;Jf; nfhz;L kf;fh
te;jhu;fs;.
mf;fhyj;jpy; mq;F ,iw ,y;ykhd ~fmgh| fl;llkhf
,Uf;ftpy;iy. fmgh ,Ue;j ,lk; rw;W caukhd Fd;iwg;Nghy;
,Ue;jJ. nts;sk; tUk;NghJ fmgh ,Ue;j me;j Nkl;Lg;
gFjpapd; tyJ ,lJ ,U Xuq;fisj; jz;zPu; mhpj;J
te;jJ.fmgj;Jy;yh`;tpd; mUfpypUe;j Xu; mlu;j;jpahd ku
epoypy; mt;tpUtiuAk; mku itj;J> rpwpJ NguPj;jq;fdpfs;
,Ue;j xU igiaAk;> jz;zPu; cs;s xU JUj;jpiaAk;
mt;tpUtUf;fhf toq;fptpl;L> ,g;wh`Pk; (miy) /gy];jPdk;
jpUk;gpdhu;fs;. rpy ehl;fspy; mt;tpUthpd; czthd
NguPj;jq;fdpfSk; jz;zPUk; jPu;e;Jtpl;ld. my;yh`; jdJ
mUspdhy; grpiaAk; jhfj;ijAk; Nghf;Fk; mw;Gjkhd ~[k;[k;|
Cw;iw mt;tpUtUf;fhf Njhd;wr; nra;jhd;. (]`P`{y; Gfhhp)
,f;fhyj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ [{u;`{k; vd;w akd; Nfhj;jpuj;jpdu;
kf;fh topNa tUk;NghJ (jz;zPu; ,Ug;gijg; ghu;j;J) mq;F
trpf;f tpUk;gp md;id `h[hplk; mDkjp ngw;W jq;fpdu;. rpy
tuyhw;W Mrphpau;fs; ',e;j ,uz;lhtJ [{u;`{k; tkprj;jpdu;
Kd;gpUe;Nj kf;fhitr; Rw;wpAs;s gs;sj;jhf;Ffspy; trpj;J
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te;jdu; vd;Wk; kf;fhtpy; md;id `h[u; FbNawp> [k;[k; fpzW
Njhd;wpaTld; jhq;fs; trpj;J te;j gs;sj;jhf;Ffis tpl;L
ntspNawp kf;fhtpy; FbNawpdu;" vd;Wk; $Wfpwhu;fs;. (]`P`{y;
Gfhhp)
Location and Nature of Arab Tribes
Beyond a shadow of doubt, the biography of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
manifestedly represents an exhaustive embodiment of the sublime Divine Message
that he communicated in order to deliver the human race from the swamp of
darkness and polytheism to the paradise of light and monotheism. An image,
authentic as well as comprehensive, of this Message is therefore only attainable
through careful study and profound analysis of both backgrounds and issues of such
a biography. In view of this, a whole chapter is here introduced about the nature
and development of Arab tribes prior to Islam as well as the circumstantial
environment that enwrapped the Prophet's mission.
Linguistically, the word "Arab" means deserts and waste barren land well-nigh
waterless and treeless. Ever since the dawn of history, the Arabian Peninsula and its
people have been called as such.
Arab Tribes
Arab kinfolks have been divided according to lineage into three groups:
1. Perishing Arabs: The ancient Arabs, of whose history little is known, and of whom
were Ad, Thamd, Tasam, J adis, Emlaq, and others.
2. Pure Arabs: Who originated from the progeny of Yarub bin Yashjub bin Qahtan.
They were also called Qahtanian Arabs.
3. Arabized Arabs: Who originated from the progeny of Ishmael. They were also
called Adnanian Arabs.
a. Himyar: The most famous of whose septs were Zaid Al-J amhur, Qudaa and
Sakasic.
b. Kahlan: The most famous of whose septs were Hamdan, Anmar, Tai, Mudhhij,
Kinda, Lakhm, J udham, Azd, Aws, Khazraj and the descendants of J afna the kings
of old Syria.
The Arabized Arabs go back in ancestry to their great grandfather Abraham [AWS]
from a town called "Ar" near Kufa on the west bank of the Euphrates in Iraq.
Excavations brought to light great details of the town, Abrahams family, and the
prevalent religions and social circumstances. [Tafheem-ul-Qur'an, 1/ 553]
It is known that Abraham [AWS] left Ar for Harran and then for Palestine, which he
made headquarters for his Message. He wandered all over the area. When he went
to Egypt, the Pharaoh tried to do evil to his wife Sarah, but Allh saved her and the
Pharaohs wicked scheme recoiled on him. He thus came to realize her strong
attachment to Allh, and, in acknowledgment of her grace, the Pharaoh rendered
his daughter Hagar at Sarahs service, but Sarah gave Hagar to Abraham as a wife.
[Bukhari 1/474]
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