PROJECT REPORT

On

IMPLEMENTATION OF I.T.S. FOR ROAD SAFTEY IN GREATER

NOIDA AREA, GAUTAM BUDDHA NAGAR, UTTAR PRADESH
Submitted to
GAUTAM BUDDHA TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
By
Shubham Gupta (0909700100)
Sajal Mittal (0909700086)
Satyam Saxena (0909700089)
Shashank Mishra (0909700094)
Session 2012-2013

Under the supervision of

Md. Afzal Hingora
(Assistant Professor)

In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
GALGOTIAS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
GREATER NOIDA-201306
UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled IMPLEMENTATION OF I.T.S. FOR ROAD
SAFTEY IN GREATER NOIDA AREA, GAUTAM BUDDHA NAGAR, UTTAR PRADESH
submitted by Shubham Gupta, Sajal Mittal, Shashank Mishra, Satyam Saxena to the
Gautam Buddha Technical University, Uttar Pradesh in partial fulfillment for the award of
degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering is a bonafide record of the project work
carried out by him under my supervision during the year 2012-2013.

SUPERVISOR:

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT:

Md. Afzal Hingora

Dr. Chandak NR

(Assistant Professor)

(Professor)
Department of Civil Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering GCET, Greater Noida

GCET, Greater Noida

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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, it contains no material previously publish or written by another person nor material which
to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the
university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgement has been
made in the text.

Sajal Mittal
0909700086

Satyam Saxena
0909700089

Shubham Gupta
0909700100

Shashank Mishra
0909700094

Date:
Place:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Authors record their sincere indebtedness to Dr. Chandak NR, Head, Department of Civil
Engineering, Galgotias College of Engineering & Technology for his motivation to us and giving
opportunity to work on the challenging theme. Thanks are also due to him for arranging guidance
of Md. Afzal Hingora.
Md. Afzal Hingora, Assistant Professor in Transportation Engineering, Department of Civil
Engineering, GCET, has

guided us

in

conducting works

on

the project

theme

IMPLEMENTATION OF ITS FOR ROAD SAFTEY. He has been a source of encouragement

and has continuously been supporting me with his knowledge base, during the study. At the
outset Afzal Hingora gave us insight into the problem of Road Accident and Traffic Congestion
at Rotary and further at each stage of work he has provided his valuable suggestions. The content
of this document would have not achieved the present fullness but for his guidance and patience
to exercise scrutiny.
Professors and faculties of the Department of Civil Engineering, GCET, have always extended
their full co-operation and help. They have been kind enough to give their opinions on the
project matter; I am deeply obliged to them.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank all the lab assistants of the department to render their
support on many useful matters.

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IMPLEMENTATION OF ITS FOR ROAD SAFTEY IN GREATER NOIDA AREA, GAUTAM

BUDDHA NAGAR, UTTAR PRADESH

Table of Content
CONTENT

PAGE

Certificate ii
Declaration ..... iii
Acknowledgement .......iv
Abstract ...vii

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1. History

1.2. Current Problem

1.3. Current Development

1.4. Future I.T.S. Development-A Revolution

Chapter 2. Review of the Literature

2.1. Introduction

2.2. General Benefits/Cost Analysis

2.3. Benefits/Cost Analysis for I.T.S. Technologies

2.4. Defining & Quantifying I.T.S. Benefits

Chapter 3. Methodology

12

3.1. Introduction

12

3.2. Design of Method

12

3.3. Accounting Perspective

12

3.4. Identification, Measures & Valuation of Benefits and Costs

12

3.5. Discounting

17

3.6. Consideration of Equity

17

3.7. Fixed Vs Variable Costs

17

3.8. Comparison of Benefits and Costs

18
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Chapter 4. Data Collection and Data Analysis

19

Chapter 5. Safety and Risk In Road Traffic

28

5.1. Road Safety

28

5.2. Measures of Road Safety

29

5.3. Implementation of I.T.S. For Road Safety

30

5.4. Safety Evaluation of I.T.S.

31

Chapter 6. I.T.S. around the World

32

6.1. Japan

32

6.2. Europe

33

6.3. United Kingdom

33

6.4. Middle East

34

6.5. India

35

Why countries are leaders and why India is behind?

39

Chapter 7. Benefits of Intelligent Transportation System

44

7.1. Increasing Driver & Pedestrian Safety

44

7.2. Improving the Operation Performance of the Transportation Network

45

7.3. Enhancing Mobility and Convenience

46

7.4. Delivering Environmental Benefits

46

Chapter 8. Challenge in Implementing I.T.S.

49

Solutions

52

Conclusion

55

Reference

61

Annexure 1

64

Annexure 2

66

Annexure 3

67

Annexure 4

69

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ABSTRACT
This document is result of preliminary exercise on Implementation, Cost & Benefit Analysis of
Intelligent Transport System (I.T.S.) in Greater Noida City for Road Saftey, which was taken up
under a project for part fulfillment of B.Tech Degree in Civil Engineering of Gautam Buddha
Technical University.

In the first Global Status Report on Road Safety, the World Health Organization (WHO)
identified road accidents as the biggest killers across the world, which will assume an endemic
proposition by 2030. The problem is more acute with low and middle-income level countries as
they contribute to around 90% of deaths arising out of road fatalities.
The worst news for India is that, the country has been identified by W.H.O. as the worldwide
leader in road deaths. More deaths happen in India due to road accidents than even the more
populous China.
The main reason for carrying out this project is to analyse in which ways ITS may contribute to
reducing the unacceptably high human and economic toll from road crashes within the India. In
absolute figures over 1,50,000 people are killed on Indian roads and more than 3,22,000 persons
are injured (including underreporting) each year. This implies that every hour around 15 people
become victims of road accidents in the country. Expressed in other ways about 1 in 40 Indian
citizens will end their lives on average 30 years too early and about 1 in 4 Indian citizens will
need hospital treatment during their lifetime due to road crashes. One of the main cause of these
accidents is rapid growth of vehicle population and poor condition of road infrastructure in India.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (I.T.S.) is an established route to resolve, or at least minimize

traffic problems. I.T.S. encompasses all modes of transportation - air, sea, road and rail, and
intersects various components of each mode - vehicles, infrastructure, communication and
operational systems. Various countries have developed strategies and techniques, based on their
geographic, cultural, socio-economic and environmental background, to integrate the various
components into an interrelated system. In general, any of the ITS applications uses a Traffic
Management Centre (TMC) where data is collected, analyzed and combined with other
operational and control concepts to manage the complex transportation problems.

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The major objective of I.T.S. is to evaluate, develop, analyze and integrate new sensor,
information, and communication technologies and concepts to achieve traffic efficiency, improve
environmental quality, save energy, conserve time, and enhance safety and comfort for drivers,
pedestrians, and other traffic groups. The adoption of location and information based
technologies into vehicles, infrastructure, traffic management and traveller information services
have shown dramatic improvements in the safe, and efficient mobility of people and freight in
USA, European nations, Japan, Middle East and Canada.

While India has already made a foray into ITS in organizing traffic, more extensive and urgent
integration of advanced technology and concepts into mainstream traffic management is
imperative. I.T.S. is still in its infancy in India, with decision-makers, key planners and agencies
in the process of understanding its potential. A number of prototype ITS projects have been
introduced in various cities in India which have focused on isolated deployments of parking
information, area-wide signal control, and advanced toll collection. At present, there are only
few fully developed I.T.S. applications with traffic management centres in India.
Developments in I.T.S. are driven strongly by socio-economic needs, and environmental
demands. In India, The development and implementation of advanced technologies include
electronic devices such as sensors, detectors and communication devices and application of
global navigation satellite system (GNSS). This in turn hinges on cooperative thorough
understanding of the traffic system is important to the successful implementation of I.T.S. in
India.

Another important approach to I.T.S. is to advance public transportation to make it more

attractive than private transport. India is the second largest producer buses, accounting for 16
percent of world's total bus production. However, the share of public transportation in Indian
cities has been on a steady decline over the last few decades. Improving the quality of public
transportation through I.T.S. technology will encourage more usage and therefore help in
transportation management. I.T.S. in India should closely work with the energy sector in the
promotion of fuel efficient transport policies and practices, including the use of alternative
transport fuels.

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It is presently impossible to predict all the ways in which our lives and behavior as road users
will be changed. In fact the response of road users to I.T.S. applications, as they are introduced is
the most critical factor for the safety effects of I.T.S.
There are two ways to improve road safety by means of I.T.S.: systems that influence safety in a
direct way and systems that influence safety in an indirect way. Examples of promising direct
systems are, for example, incident detection and warning systems using 10 variable message
signs, violation detection and enforcement systems, electronic licenses, in-vehicle black boxes
(crash recorders), variable speed limits, intelligent speed adaptation.
Examples of indirect systems are those that change the exposure or mode of traffic, debiting
systems, systems giving priority to public transport. Another way of analyzing the potential
safety effects of ITS applications, which is the method used in this report, is to distinguish
between three main variables that determine road safety levels in terms of health consequences:
exposure in traffic, risk of a crash given the exposure, consequence of the crash. I.T.S. has the
potential to improve safety along each one of these three dimensions:

It is possible and feasible now to influence or even control traffic exposure by means of
I.T.S.

It will be possible to reduce the probability of crashes, to prevent crashes by means of

I.T.S.

It will be possible to reduce the injury consequences of crashes by means of I.T.S.

I.T.S. effect on safety through changed exposure

There are a wide range of ITS applications addressing traffic volume and thus exposure.
Practical experiences as well as research results show that it is possible to reduce exposure by
these means.
Many of these applications will be introduced as a matter of course, as safety objectives go hand
in hand with other traffic policy goals such as energy consumption and environment. A number
of applications include benefits for drivers in terms of improved information and other services.
That will facilitate the introduction of systems such as:

electronic driver licenses

road pricing schemes

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travel planners

route guidance

freight and fleet management

One of the ITS applications described in this report has outstanding potential in terms of crash
savings. That is the electronic driver license, which directly addresses the drivers authorization
and ability to drive the vehicle.

I.T.S. effects on safety through reduced crash risk

A number of systems exist with high safety potential in reducing crash risk. Some of them are of
a very general character:

intelligent speed adaptation

electronic driving license

On motorways, the most safety beneficial systems have the potential to reduce injuries and
fatalities by about 1015 per cent. These systems are:

motorway control systems

driver and vehicle monitoring systems

collision avoidance systems

incident management

automated speed enforcement

On other rural roads, current systems with the potential to reduce injuries and deaths by more
than 10 per cent are fewer than on motorways, but they are more effective - intelligent speed
adaptation has a 30 per cent and automated speed enforcement a 20 percent injury reduction
potential. Collision avoidance systems which work perfectly would, of course, have a very high
potential. However, there are considerable problems in designing collision avoidance systems to
work perfectly. The ITS systems with the highest safety potential are:

collision avoidance

automated speed enforcement

speed control systems with variable speed limits

driver and vehicle monitoring systems

In urban areas, systems with most safety potential (injury reduction of 30 per cent when fully
implemented) are:
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collision avoidance

intelligent speed adaptation

urban traffic control

Much I.T.S. development has so far concentrated on motorways, including the development of
safety relevant I.T.S. The safety problems, however, concentrate in urban areas and on rural
roads other than motorways. Hence, the implementation of I.T.S. for the purpose of reducing
crash risk should concentrate in urban areas and on rural roads other than motorways. Intelligent
speed adaptation is the I.T.S. application with the highest safety potential to reduce injury
crashes in the whole road transport system.

I.T.S. effects on safety through the reduction of injury consequences

I.T.S. offer sensing and communicating systems that may improve the effectiveness of protective
devices such as seat belts and air bags substantially, thereby contributing to the reduction of
crash consequences. By means of I.T.S. it will also be possible in the future to design more
intelligent restraint systems. At the present level of development the largest safety potential
exists in increasing seat belt wearing rates by means of seat belt warning and interlock systems
and by means of emergency notification (Mayday) systems.

Implementation of I.T.S.
In view of the substantial added value of a common approach to legislation and standards for
road transport telemetric intelligent systems, a more co-ordinate approach is needed at a National
level. Currently, there are no research-based standards for in-vehicle HMI
(Human Machine Interface) and there is an absence of advice concerning compliance in the
current guidelines. The future deployment of systems that can benefit safety needs 12 common
standards at a National level. Safety systems should not stop working when a car crosses a
border. Without common action countries will make different decisions about which architecture
to implement for a particular system, with missed opportunities for Indian benefit. At National
level, there needs to be greater co-ordination between the various Directorates of the
Commission. The efforts of different standards organizations which are currently operated by
industry and professionals need to be part of a broader Indian strategy. It is, therefore,
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recommended that the concern Agency or Department should establish an Indian Task Force,
reporting via the High Level Group on Telematics to the Council and Parliament, to make an
urgent strategic review of the procedures for enacting certification processes and, at a later stage,
standards and the need for new standards, particularly in the area of cross-border compatibility
and interoperability.
Here we are analyzing two Rotary of Greater Noida Area that are Beta-1st Rotary (Jagat Market)
and Alpha-1st Rotary (Commercial Belt). In this the major conflict points are identified and
solution to it was made through implementation of Intelligent Transport System.

The results of the present study in the project made are submitted in the form of this document
for fulfillment of B.Tech Degree in Civil Engineering. It is emphasized that findings are of
preliminary nature and Greater Noida domain need to be further explored for comprehensive
hazard mapping; Suggestions for the same are outline in the concluding chapter.

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