USEFUL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

sec x =

1
cos x

Definitions
sin x
tan x =
cos x
1
cosec x =
sin x

cot x =

1
tan x

Fundamental trig identity

(cos x)2 + (sin x)2 = 1
1 + (tan x)2 = (sec x)2
(cot x)2 + 1 = (cosec x)2

Odd and even properties

cos(x) = cos(x)

sin(x) = sin(x)

tan(x) = tan(x)

Double angle formulas

sin(2x) = 2 sin x cos x

cos(2x) = (cos x)2 (sin x)2

cos(2x) = 2(cos x)2 1
cos(2x) = 1 2(sin x)2

Half angle formulas

2

sin( 21 x) = 21 (1 cos x)

2
cos( 21 x) = 21 (1 + cos x)

Sums and differences of angles

cos(A + B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B
cos(A B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
sin(A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B
** See other side for more identities **

USEFUL TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Unit circle properties

cos( x) = cos(x)
cos( + x) = cos(x)
cos(2 x) = cos(x)
cos(2 + x) = cos(x)

sin( x) = sin(x)
sin( + x) = sin(x)
sin(2 x) = sin(x)
sin(2 + x) = sin(x)

tan( x) = tan(x)
tan( + x) = tan(x)
tan(2 x) = tan(x)
tan(2 + x) = tan(x)

Right-angled triangle properties

sin 2 x = cos(x)
cos 2 x = sin(x)

Shifting by

cos(x) = cos(x)
cos(x + 2 ) = sin(x)
cos(x + ) = cos(x)
cos(x + 3
sin(x)
2 ) =
cos(x + 2) = cos(x)

cos(x) = cos(x)
cos(x 2 ) = sin(x)
cos(x ) = cos(x)
cos(x 3
2 ) = sin(x)
cos(x 2) = cos(x)

cos(x) = cos(x)
cos( 2 x) = sin(x)
cos( x) = cos(x)
cos( 3
2 x) = sin(x)
cos(2 x) = cos(x)

sin(x) = sin(x)
sin(x + 2 ) = cos(x)
sin(x + ) = sin(x)
sin(x + 3
2 ) = cos(x)
sin(x + 2) = sin(x)

sin(x) = sin(x)
sin(x 2 ) = cos(x)
sin(x ) = sin(x)
sin(x 3
cos(x)
2 ) =
sin(x 2) = sin(x)

sin(x) = sin(x)
sin( 2 x) = cos(x)
sin( x) = sin(x)
sin( 3
2 x) = cos(x)
sin(2 x) = sin(x)

tan(x) = tan(x)
tan(x + 2 ) = cot(x)
tan(x + ) = tan(x)
tan(x + 3
2 ) = cot(x)
tan(x + 2) = tan(x)

tan(x) = tan(x)
tan(x 2 ) = cot(x)
tan(x ) = tan(x)
tan(x 3
2 ) = cot(x)
tan(x 2) = tan(x)

tan(x) = tan(x)
tan( 2 x) = cot(x)
tan( x) = tan(x)
tan( 3
cot(x)
2 x) =
tan(2 x) = tan(x)

** See other side for more identities **