What Is an IP Address?

86

90

94

133.120.75.8
129.102.12.7

MARIA
MARIA AVE
AVE

129.102.0.0
131.107.0.0

131.107.3.27

129.102.16.
2

133.120.0.0

Network ID and Host ID

32 Bits
Class B

Network ID

Example:

Host ID

w. x. y. z.
131.107.3.24

Converting IP Addresses from Binary to

Decimal
8 Bits

128 64

32

16

255 Decimal Value

Address Classes
Class A
Network
ID

Host ID

Class B
Network ID

Host ID

10

Class C
Network ID

Host ID

110

Address Class Summary

Number
of Networks

Number of Hosts
per Network

Range of
Network IDs
(First Octet)

Class A

126

16,777,214

1 126

Class B

16,384

65,534

128 191

Class C

2,097,152

254

192 223

Addressing Guidelines
Network ID Cannot Be 127
127 is reserved for lookback functions

Network ID and Host ID Cannot Be 255

(All Bits Set to 1)
255 is a broadcast address

Network ID and Host ID Cannot Be 0

(All Bits Set to 0)
0 means this network only

Host ID Must Be Unique to the Network

Assigning Network IDs

1

Router

124.x.y.z

Router

192.121.73.z

131.107.y.z

Assigning Host IDs

1

124.0.0.27

124.0.0.1

192.121.73.2

Router

124.0.0.28

192.121.73.1

124.x.y.z
124.0.0.29

131.107.0.27

Router

131.107.0.1

192.121.73.z

131.107.0.28

131.107.0.z
131.107.0.29

What Is a Subnet Mask?

Distinguishes the Network ID from the

Host ID
Used to Specify Whether the Destination
Host is Local or Remote

Default Subnet Masks (No Subnetting)

Address
Class

Bits Used for Subnet Mask

Dotted Decimal
Notation

Class A

11111111

00000000 00000000 00000000

255.0.0.0

Class B

11111111

11111111

00000000 00000000

255.255.0.0

Class C

11111111

11111111

11111111

255.255.255.0

00000000

Class B Example
IP Address

131.107. 16.200

Subnet Mask

255.255. 0.0

Network ID

131.107. y.z

Host ID

w.x. 16.200

Determining the Destination of a Packet

Local and Destination Hosts Subnet Masks
Are ANDed

1 AND 1 = 1
Other combinations = 0
If ANDed results of source and destination hosts
match, the destination is local.

IP Address

10011111

11100000

00000111

10000001

Subnet Mask

11111111

11111111

00000000 00000000

Result

10011111

11100000

00000000 00000000

Verifying IP Communications
Start

Ping 127.0.0.1 (Loopback Address)

Ping Your IP Address

Ping IP Address of a Default Gateway

Ping IP Address of a Remote Host

If Steps 1 4 Are Successful,

Repeat Them Using Host Names

Go to
Next
Step