poner ere ET Bao g Finite Element Analysis i Composite Laminates ReaSOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Volume 7 Series Edo: ie came st fhe fi terse scale al rads bi ely tempts non ela a Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminates 0.0.0CH0A 4.N. REDDY * Kluwer Academic PublishersUber gre Cag nection ut Steer Ne OW. kn Pe by River Aces {otiatp Oe ew MA, USA. by River seem Puta ony Prenat pape Slop ries ne ie dosgh e ‘igen peopatepg iin Refract pom comhntin brpadr Sehnert gy sy swan sone nt ‘eileen at ier rmcuce om acai owe About the Authors Dr. Orden Ochon ie «proton of Mechaial geting Terns ALM Univer Hler rach i compote focuses om » bond range of rtlemy ‘mechan of compsitetracaren wis appcatno a treopuce atonal sad ‘Snsracton idan She alhored ovr nt pubeton on thee opie. She ‘Stpitsbeicoueson te te comet method td piper enone. De ‘Och serves on ln chcel erties of Aeoepece Applied Means, fed Pelseas Divine f Auman Society of Mechanical Hainer. At Tenet, [NLA University abe eve aa acl adoro nginering Schl Prog piven Hono Progr snd Aeeeated BS/MS Prgeam, Sh membet fhe Center for Mechs of Composes ad he Ofshore Technlogy Reerch Center. De Ocho in togazed ara 1091 Unveray Honore Tencey/Sehlat fiat halder of the Oucer 5. Wyat, Jr. Brdowed Chair Save and Mechanic at Vira Peptecie Intute and State Ulver he futhaned over 8) our papers end tix baka onthe theory and aplston of fled het ol laiatd composite aes nee ‘nd the file deme anlyer, computational Rui echis, mmeibe (tater and applied mathemati, Dr Reddy serves onthe eral boars of docs jurnleinading Joxna of Applied Mechenen,Interntionel Jooral Jer Moret Methods n nginering and Jorn of Competes Techlyy aod ‘Roch Heese the 1989 Wale ser Recah Peis en the hea Socio Civil Engacersand 1298 Worcester eed Warr Medafothe Aen, Sosely of Mechanical Fugincrs He ss Flow ofthe Area Acadeny af Neches the American Sly of Mechanical Bnet the Ameren Soy {Gil Eogner andthe Aone Salty of IndiContents Prafae a Preset ad : ee Rebates eres . . a 2 Mechanier of composi laminates. ..ccscsese 2 Intedaetionssessensee 5 2.2 Arioteoie til ses 5 221 Delaeaen..vsssocnnvnnncnncnne os 22.2 Contaie rao 4 23 Ontbotropi lamina. a 24 The chamilia pat theo = aoe) 2A atedaein ser ee sere Hl 2.42 Amsamptionof te thar 3 243 Displacements und tra " 244 Pecan motion, ee i 4 et ” 125 Fi Order Shee dlrmation thar n : ‘251 A review of refined plate theories. : 15.8 Equation of mation ssccrsceeseneentenne ae4 Pat 48 The gee theney of Ray ee a 1261 Deckard emer 3 262 Dislcemenis and sei et 241 Itrodction 7 {32 The Bite lemon athod SE Dae fenarer necro 322 Moding conics : 213 Clas Haat plate theory 322 Fine dement moose 1323 Nelinear dl 2.4 Firwoder shee deformation try cst 1342 Fle dement mode. oe 443 The dynamic ce 344 Shee loingesnesnvr ce o e 352 Computation of san and sree e 3553 Salon method for nonlinear elgebralecuainas ccs {44 Contnoat fron oesees eo : o 17 Nematic ex meee ca 13.11 Preliminary comment. cocci 5372 Lear bending nd wiration aaa mm 22.3 Geometric nocinearanlyetseercrseecevereeeese@ $324 Becking analyse non nnnicnivicieneneesenece a0 else hsnnnnannone 05 Damage initiation and progresion. 7 m1 42 Damage methionine so aM ‘C2 inp damage e 422 imerpy damage deinninlone ee 48:1 General commaata occscssnsensentnnen old {32 Independent ft ria 12 435 Paonia lle tea scenes 1 Ratrncn 8 5 Cane Stadles ose peers 81 toda. cesses . 'S2 Modeling of delusion around loaded hae. {621 Prebiinary comments 152.3 Computational modes -essoss {24 Silat of dang ence BEI lttedacion ss cscssasnscueano 1532 Gomputaond adda. c son 835 Renlly sruneninssocnoocnn 534 Otero. ‘301 Preinny comments F 1842 Nomedcal nod ted dncuion othe eae. ‘5b Ravironmentalefictcensen ‘SBI lnbvodacion. 553 Numeed mode 1855 Discanton ef the ci. e ‘6 Fiat Ply Palle aaa of emponite aint. 1301 Introdecicn 562 Problem dep. S563 Procedure fist ply ore angi. [34 Nomerel odds and denon of es. 8 Summary ad concen " 1.1 Peatbaclng repent and proce alr 51.2 Beperinnt sad sconce 4 Pare aly ELE Rens for Ct pol a{877 Reale fr HA pene . ww {8 Progen flar laminates in bending. 18 S31 Dactgrosad . 18 1582 Campana moda : : 188 {583 Ree and denon “cam Subject Inde. Cn Preface Compote mae ncn wed io megan der wae ed ‘empopents has spurred « mer efor to analyte siraturel componeae made ‘Som hem Gacpociemaleile prove uals udetages over metalic Speen, bly ae eta ors ed apa pelo scale cra aniyete abd designee rant hue acarate matheraieal model aad ng et dpa, The ot cme rata cena Tides icon paras ‘The present monograph hs the objective ontroduing the mechan concepts surveil ere, Mal fale cnet med oer emeaen, Detied overeat th use mecha ple ati tbeare a epost plates Sette oa ie ie Sems tae ered eine of ring sf Waterloo for is teckel at welts editorial comments and for wuggetng ‘Sepovemente I lear to help of ie ¥ 5. Re eday (Brae Fale ate ad Site Ur ag the onset ‘Speed ings Rape) i beet lng movcatnh "The aus ie. ‘e Coy lle Wepre of Exgnctsieg Soe wed Mec Vite Flach ntte an Bae Unive er ppngf tht atest nt te ues a sopon of re Mey, Xo ok 0.0. Ocho and JN. RattyChapter One Overview ‘Te phrase ‘compote aerials te «mates thai formed by com Vining two oe more aleri on + mactsape vale Strate made f th ‘materia ae ald compost sirtues. Compost ates ae avid to ‘ve bettas eaginesing proper than the covenional asl fr exemple, ‘ine Some af the reper ha canbe improved by forming eames Ileal rer lies, sength, weigh cotosonvertnce thermal properties, tig le and wen etnpe: Mor manutd comport mates te mae ftom two nates: trastremen mail snd spent or ne sxe \Compente materiale are fading eplatone «wre fren inant ‘Sul cedsebmatinesrtaces oper trctreaatmobe, sports een ‘medical probate deve, nd devon ie bord They tet waeble fn epplcatins tha equi gh stent to wght aod ilo fo-weight etn Wal the inated cof berestend composi strctrl copes, stallesimeleng the beaver of components mae of composes ae reeing ‘Sedge re fcng ener nee cele ad scene yet sconce meine sf dlrmising sae andSyaamie characte ofthe srr component ‘The amyl stay and deg of compote sterile requires brenlge fences slate racer ener td flare) age ees Uke ‘otro ates anstropc mes ent compbestedmetbanilbhavo. For crample contder rectangular tks of wccopie ad etc (mmo) fees: When an stole lok i tbjeted fa pate sheer eit nly shea sean ad pra tan. Sly fan topic oh aed {2 tormal wre, it develops ony soem sr and ro shear tain. Underas identical lade, a Wack made fw anotope mates deerme dieraly ‘oto block an own in Figo. When sear stoi ple ook ‘ietope body, Seve nara sina ‘Svs silat produces shear sess wl te nora Normal arene fy Iotropic material Anisotropic material | Figure 1.1-1 Defamation of tropic nd asntropi mater lente ete [ected lo poral and shar sre (Bokeh ls donee dee ‘rad gmt) Mov el weld problems iaslvng compose structed nt eda ct schon, requiring So to fed pprosionte bat tepreretatve slaty The Fite net method i am efetve nprorinate method taining snarl Saute to boundney ruse, inlal vale and gene probleme, Fe med isthe mos pera tame tal ble toby fo pectin toe rerona of Compost secre nthe formation snd anise ty maken mde sf physi proc we shou ince ll appopite dl comitet withthe rer the repreetation of tater proper [phys estan neiably ‘St cpprention hick dcahdn eal phy seerrnts Gro type {natlon af we putes eed acre representation af thers doe at ad otis of defor se el ae ie mesa eka ee 1.2 Prevent study The objectne of the monograph ito pee the lalate pate theres spd ter fie clement mode ost the dlomttion senha a acd on egineesing ape ‘uate deseipion elective anal ss, modeling of phy eatarer, ad ‘Paleaton of appreaths vedo alae and pede the pone of xapoae oot the bask, wi fac ‘eompostelamaate One ey cont the at of telerenee provided at he en tf euch chpler to gin Ether tight into mechanic abd tera pet and {ordvaneed mong of corpo race (we 1.8] ad references theres) Chaper 2 devoted to the introduction f the defcitions an termina, mai ten ae prevesed in Chae 3. Nemes evel ‘ficieat matey, pstenmpstaon of rain nd irene sod sempleearet, Snmage aod fare citer compre laminates Foal, Chaper 8 de ted case sae ivavng vero pee and types ef compote races, Gin, catty, woven composer, envionment eects, potbacng reponse ‘dire of compote emits ae nase by considering specie eames, References Wastlonion, b-Gs troll Memtepe'e, Westingion, B: Gy now Befor E ranca; Washogtan, BC. 915) 2 Chrnteman, RM Mecha of Composite Material, ohm Wy & San, See en Gia)1 Breton, Ley Anais and Peformance of Filer a ene How ec ey Teermene of 4 Redd, Na Bremy an Neto Mets in Aplid Mechanic, Sohn ‘Wiley and Sens, New York (1984). ae ve 5 Whiter, 3 My Ser Analy sie anc PX (08 © Mags Mermachane of Dts in Sly, Matias Ni, The Hope Sten 3 of FaminetedAnistopie Plate, Teck te Straten: Theary and itecabeg VA'btis Ostler and thc Chpteet ot gra Fa Blement Ans or Bonen Dui 3. Rady, C5, Kestn Booty andi Stade ede) 3, Sper Veg hese GND 8 Aon Macher of ra, A Vid Miemechanien Appear oul i, Mets One Mime Chapter Two Mechanics of Composite Laminates 24 Introduction Anata of traces rie of composite materi egies» knowledge of siete easily, an appropiate scr thay int aceasta for dered remat fare termine the rrr sled, and wei ody of ectopic eaiy an strstr (aa ued Yo analy compa Taman conte te top fo ths bape “The rion underradentccognerng duction that emphaiacintoie ‘mati, eset, ther equate tor eppopete for naising tht ‘ew tae of caginered malaise If te component irs Beerogpeoat {Sotropie medium, we wsthane proper stature sry te model the ifeest ‘Cree pred here Sls and determine the nan ad growth mech {sof diferent flare. Deaing alge between atopic aed aotepc ‘media oth the hope lag exiing toowledge tea ond eabing edestns {fom tom cts led to inca eat condons In the pret sud, we hl oun ox the fendamentale of aitopc ee ‘katy and «stad ofthe mecha of compost amit. We wil fre bane ‘Soups, study enatve telonsel compote mei nd deriv seve {ral theories of compete minute 222 Anieotrople elasticity swateril, we wil sat withthe sudy of the coaaituve bebavioe Fis, we ‘Rett th ferences betwee homogeneous and boterogencos rete ea.‘Amatei ani ‘iecogout la Site Pigse 2251 wha coor A il emai ovat fray etary rolaion of wim Am einige ie ‘ea one whch exits mae properia tat are dectonly Sepnder, ater popety can bate dren rer inierent et Cartesian conedinte astm (ee Figre 22-2) iin casterery in dese the tea delarnton byte componente fen tad ‘tim evs sce sonal ued three components, A een be {rer he sx eles and ix arias brow a he generale Hock la,ad an be enprened m=O = 1 Rnf) ery yn shire yr how a the eli coins Note that (22-1 i Proper tenor for of Hoste’ Im, namely oe 8, ere (oreo) dot he sora see and (rte) dete shes (rene) aretheiepnge steer and (oyo,0) ae bw oto plane (Le tan ri} steen Sir trinlogy i woed forthe stn ctnpnena jure 22-1 Delon of ietopl nd aatropi materiale igure 2.2-2 Compotats often and ern in rectangular eres cor ‘Boat yerAo of Compt einen G ‘he tity ax ctcemta Ci ae otal independent of cach other, The ‘umbe findependant cortatedeends onthe ail cnet Fie ne show tat Cy = Ghat they ae amc for mateo whites ‘heey deal fonton Ueto ch tad Been 2-9 Tea ti oie hina ny ef he mae ich ay ‘be expressed as “ “ fie ge-9 Subang equation (22-1) nto equation (22-4) ad ineraing, we olan eres aay Stain Um (2-9) no (2-3) weave ecaprein as hevsens a2-5 By comping expreions (22-6) and (22-1), me concide that Gy = Cy Decaf thi eymmery, there ace aly 2 ‘ndependat ane costnts ‘stottopie mater Ta alee form Eq (22-1) can epreel a oe Ge Cx ce Gu ea 8 @2-n op tsnamited tom Dy 22-2 ain gm elie cat ahaa ae ea dt es than ey ae independent ofthe aeiasc tye and the mat as . Maan of Comoe anes Some aiatopc mates may powers teal oymnelte and thee etl tstnebeavior can be desebed wih fewer than I soeatant Whe the sale feecete nn Pin hve the ume les for eer pl of courdinle eee Cx Gx Cy 0 8 Catia Gh Ge 0 8 Ox] [a Goo 8 calle 12 2 Cu Ow SH @s-8) Ge ote om. cul Ue Note thatthe et plane shear sete, namely oy and eae independent of oma sein ne he nplane she 1) [on Ge Gy 0 0 o77H ee econ | Ja i|| Cao ola aa a sym. ead (i ‘ote that there ae no interactions betwee extentions! nd shes component or Crthlrpiematesls wher nde lng the ater ened, sm ethosrepi materi may Be cxptemed in Bie 8" RB AB o- Mama SB * OFsere dee dln the th mae ireton ya the Piao's ‘alo fortenvee stain the j-th action wn ieaed she fsck dees si (G0 i) ate heat mdi the 2,24, an 12 plac regen The throe material directions (x),24,25) are taken perpendicular to the three planes of elastic aymmetey. : ) we hes “ srthtropi aerial stent ceed to wa reactor ops ated ‘pl en ds ey Benepe ecient Se the courdinate ermal othe pln of roy tenth sires Sag ict ern " “ : 41) [ou Ge oo 2 oy Fu S Bask sys - mee eet aay om. oul Me ere € = 05(0, Cu) aly fra atop mei there ae ate aur af plane of date ‘gmt etn mcd tin), n't co be died ar tte ‘let cnicint The sec sai ean fr an trp mata be the = ‘ a ma) emoctiontehtesl (3 aye 8g ole (2 ele ey 3 hr = 0861-9) Ths eet ide YnMeblan " Man of Copia aU-») + Teni=ay “Tee bat) 1 Serssintred compe matali an anitottopie rota bane i ‘owen diferent mods tong the Shor Giecton and teaerese toe I me 5 at elbtepe mata, wth the mele coordina my beng ‘paral the edison Inibe nest aecton ee prem conn spent Er Seevtbotopc ner. We aot tats Sberscfored compose angen {he Rhee and aki the econ ener othe ese 123 Orthotropie lamina ‘The npn Aronia relations intel eoornnte (6,4) fs le rthotropi nme (ln thn ager) we {8)-[8 & a}t) igure 2-1 Coordinate system eed forthe deeiption of he atractare ad‘he Qin By. (221) we eed athe pln snes secu Sy inosine Bin Be (29). Tye ‘doe ecng cts ee orog mee On gO" Too a= 2, Gua an es ate that the Ses he lan te aged with the pnp ates dicton {tenn they te wat dein ele sib the her etn When hel densest gue a te ‘Serdatcesen foc) tener reo pote reed Sie tei oan anes ‘rowel erate (ey tes te of sein he od Sadao (nso) on |. 2 BG) os nntuntted rnipint haar (as-) 124 The claseal lminate plate theory ie wit cope anttdntheoal at Inia rine fe gels te tnd toes to ers Simp pl et” ey seit nl ie tamper sear foci near ‘Ni ese ee ide ely yy a ‘pa sacra erat of dra de sta ae SITS eis ery (CLP ke Sree ctl te eine luplacemeats ae stud to my tnecly trough the thickest othe trae Sutin eased oben through the Sete aneee SEES tery The cued lannted pate theory nosed tobe deqente cmon epptiont wher th his fhe Inmate teal by So odes emg compared toe plane dnesins. When Slate ery ont apply ¢feoed theory asd. fa the peeves ston we Jercop the cana Tamaatd plate theory "Aeepement othe cai ts ‘eons prone bythe svarer sear deformation pl ear (FSDT), Sila a be Dace in Section 25 24-2 Antumptlons ofthe theory ‘The Kiel’ Love hypothe wed in the derivation of the ea a satel iat ther. The Ket Love bypetheiavla the following a CESERM atte perpen tothe mpane before deformation tema) fir (2) inetenley and (3) normal to the sudnarace wer deformation ‘The thee soups eed tthe select of he rarer ey 0 cere eect oy ea te orion of oy, bene he produ te ‘Sa cpl athe otal potential energy othe late, For toto ayer SSae cate bom etotrope nis, respetve athe lseain es the rssing oy td tye le tothe eect fon, and oy Th the ‘Na tannt tery detent ecount fr asrece efron and roe ee Tasmount fo suring tnt pate are oie” igi te trantese ‘Tre, when in vay Oey are weaker in the traverse direction “The dna la ther in dagete forthe aly of thin platen, ee aly ne he tenes eatin aepigile.Horeer ple made a Sob itctdafced compote alee wheelie shee moda lion [jcis end BCn) ve vr lege, ne sae to Benes fares bese (atefltive tasers se rod (0 a0d Gy) arsenal eae tas the Young's modul (B) alo the Ree dzetonAllouph the tranivere seer a orl ese epveyrts) 02 oder af maga aller than alae Msc (oneyete) ce ical eng lleva forte tears tee itn rtrd St guage snr tas the allowable fr the npn ree. ‘Fhun the dune! lama tour developed beer oot fo be wed for componon Att are ley fo fa in rennereeabeae or dann Consider «plate of oa thickets b composed of ethnic yes wih thr ppl veil eovninte cnn a angle fy 6s to the ante the ayes ate prety bonded together, he ats nc nye nly elie and ha tow plans maradss of ong mits ” sete (in tote, 1 each lee of iota, othe (ea) ‘eto eon cn uh ht he yt ie cated a the pol! (ayy) inthe onto the position et wi ¥ Pan #4) the dipncement ear ean I.) heat vctar ang the (2, feat two irs ippelba requ the dplacemeate (eye) Figure 2-1), aulenint) = xen) + x6(00n0 silesied) = serml) + eifeat) sifesin) = olen) ey here (uu) ar the placement of pot othe y-lane (e, he midplane Fie lanai fy be etalon as esarers are baw the psi end ie the rotaton ofthe tasaese normal abou the zane and dente tie. The ‘hd ssrnpin ofthe Kiet hypothe ile tat te rtations $y ad $s feel a u/Oe end BuO respectively. ean sles) =oCeand @a-5) 1s portant o ote that i ing the Knee atumption of» ingle layer they to mode!slasiated pate composed fall layers of por yim igen we tly esuned that the sete at continous ‘rout the neha icadag the interfaces afin wae gee, Tat ‘tampon ples nigucat rele developing laminate hero talon oto ‘esac anit with am eqeven snp ner wbene atrovent are ® Mee of Compe ais Fiber direction ‘Neral detion Figure 2.4-2 The cereal on a riiy edge oe amine,sed vt that ny wl be hon he floig non. tein cor renee oe (G5 se notner function indeed waite or yahoo be decade We relat GY. Y-BR VB) BR. {tation (ap 18-1), Hens the lowing ten asncited wih taint feanvere nr, az all ut aot sii. Under he (248), wean snp Bq (24-8) w8 ‘The sno ina (24-0) areca the vox Kr sti ‘The asia anointed wih the dnlaeent ld (24-5) can ow be ee ped sig te Yo Kas rin daplaenent relations (24-9) Be) to 1(0e)*_ oe i) ~toF oe Ze (eam) 4(62)' = ‘elt tthe lamas cordate (95 fn Ba (24-10 az ofthe gree fom, Ped? igen 19,0) ace the cureatures, Both” and ey) oly Equian (2.410) shows tal the membrane fe i er eee aan» Mh of Comp ain “The cond emo the gh G15) cae the rary fallin compass ote oi tad 18 terme. Te ee cre pp ttn lr on te ight bab ide of Bap. (24-18), Chee tb ou ld nnn | PH Magn tse (0 88) on (Ca) jane fe ier | ota SF oe) (ee), a) (@) [oe | sere example, , {2-2 }--(2} enw | USP i a (ha a ey eine te daa need hod es A ea-n | aa | | {ersed resin mong cough he seepsive vite the heay are ie Oy ae edly ce (ne Rey [The taal ital work equal he ual worked he ital wort Sone by sternal force. ntheinerat frei ‘and consistent with the objectives ofthe book (ie, not to dwell too much o® fine | ay nny (24-196) mene tte arte Ee, gp : Ses vo oe ot en i | par anes aim) | were oe Figure 24-2) Oh | ON “ (2.4 ~ 188) (2.4 — 20a) ON ig n8 (asm | e4-tmyas (= Madang + Neo =} (06 — many Bo =m e-em (e420) ny andy ae the icon caine ofthe ait norman he Boundary ofthe pint 1 sald be soed thatthe vector mehascaaptoech mold hate given the allowing equation, inte near eae by smog oes along the 9 and © Airctane and suming moment aba th am eam) here ard Qa are the trnwere sear fren. We cas solve the fourth end eh eqatonsin (24-21) for Qh snd Qyrobaitae the expen nt th hd ‘qunton of (24-21) anda the third equation in (2418) witout the nosneat yuan (24-21) em ho Be dei slaty (i the mbeene a body fren from the qunins of motion of 4-29) (42m) tre tate fe ft thre cyto ‘re othe intereted reader 124-6 Laminate constitutive equa ‘The laminae onttatne eat (gat tothe ening 2) adictted Integration with reaped os, we ob {R)-(E & SNR} EE om eva ene Ess rs avs ofoaminae he beadharentenioal coun (44,04.09 athe (24-24) whee Gl ae the aerial ils ofthe Ahan a refered to thea In nani, Sef ae ota wii ach gre tren ve 4s=¥ aaa (es—m0)dna of opie 2 ay BE tar ad) (e414 Eada ea-mg in he nna and (ry) are the thee lop ofthe th ager e tere ofthe Qt oe Ee {2a}ly the boning nasineton guns he npecpt end fa Qu Aine 20a is (Gu + Our 4 n= 9, Grint c0s8) si AG tt eeu eres tienes of the Eth Iyer sled the mate: ens Of are the tanned materia ieee connate (e229). The Inman eagle 8 i men ‘eed eouterlocise from Ihe pontvee-ast the piv ane ih Signed wih the ber diction (ce gue 221) Tec eset of on nn, (2418) a be xen te of he Alepleeet (oom) forthe pure ‘ten inte dene mot feud candle au( Sted sea) Eon aban (02) fe, oe oat pat tok oB-8)- 8) 6) eam) sn.) my bce om (2439 he Soca San eB lo (24-26) fc fis governed [pute sx +2005» 2a] ~1(Dughig * Pugin) +M(e)sa= hig CA)For the orthotopic eve oe = 0, and Dy = Dag = 0 andor {hetnctrpie ese Dr = D= Dy Din 42D ~20, sere D~ EPIL 0. 2.8 FirL-onder shear deformation theory heoriee placements ingle led Se tentnte dade 6 “The owt widely wed placement bse theory the fst ner sear de Jormatin hear. "The theory bcd othe apacemeat fd in Ba (24-3 sslein) = ee) + ablea, sess) = oe) + aaleal, sstesne) = ste) @s-1) where (atta) denote the dplacements of « point (2m) fn the laminate Gee eee a a he i) nd rt) Rrscorder seu Jkarmatan theory i kaown ore commonly ax "ihe Midis Ey Bast hy Head Renee Tet T2eead Hench AO Tee rer tear dlmton theory pele monet rae af reer tee rin {rough the thekney fh pate wed thas reeset cormecsion fos. The shear cretion factors se dimension quate needed to cena or the ‘Toeropncy between he conte sae of shee stuns nth Reorder teary Sed'the queer hherder tebe of her sl I the eal ‘hear, For eompostelnoaey, the shear craton ator, general depend tn he cnnteet py propre, leminton sce, aed pe of retae (hey rosy and Vouarycopoes) 79), Stave 0] extended the nt rset ory af roi pls fo pate lnminted often ‘Sra diniele ttei, Te work ef Say | was extended to anietop shyt ry snd un eh Second and higher order Aispleemet lds Soe tame the thndrder tery of Reddy 425) fn he depleceeat fd wena) lea) ah 9 edna) tenon (+58) (or) (as 2) =e) ‘The daplaet ld ofthe type in Equation (25:2) wus ln cosdeed by ashore [26-85 The works of Vator [3), Jemesta [27], Shit (8, Kesh Sary (28 and Levan mre ected ote late, nd eh 8) iibviua euttons tase onthe hod of momen ale account forte 8 “The dpiscenent Fld word ed by evinnon and Rey ‘i dplceent based there chtined om single inglceon lds shwn eee by Ray 0dna of Compe amines » siricomsiten id onde hry [0 yl mont genre testy RTI aed on the lloring fleece ld oe Piven’ Slesned at att Beh Mpc e rh leaned =o tes %e + Babe rich silent) = wt Aad ene @s-9) (4,9) denote the midplane pices componente inthe (a9, de on, and 9 are the cao of anvere val show the fod ase, respec, and g and & mined faneions_ All of he geocraed : sr Tunetion of only sad y- The dapacomen lof voce it en be oblsine rm Ba (25-3) by avg fo the constants ello ery 3, 3s, aed Fo nae anil thary of Ba, (248): (es-4) Fintona (25-1) ont pot dwyedan=e es) Second oder hey 1516 (sa) "Third theory of Reddy [in (28-2: » Mee of Compete anaes Displacement-bse, sale ayer theoie more refined than tind order are sot eamldere inte irate berate any ne combertme aad te lca ‘carey i oulepie by the cent nthe suber of eakaewas, The Ck rer theory (Ley lbeory th eae terme ofthe titans cordial) ldo Sindee venom of anrrere shear sna wikia each Inger and verte Wrtrce eitabuton af the ane trough thelone, Thuy, dove at ree acorn Inert. The rade theory i by fa the mont fice ceaedacerey witht on inerenn in eorputetionel fot) theory. Hee me develop thet rr shea deferaton Uy ft amined leer In the Storer her deformation ont ofthe three atemptins ofthe cs Tormvedr a aight line normal the mae ofthe Sia Taal theyBh 4 ee te —« BO 5 (5-0) 2 noe) tae nee sea ne +See (e504) Be OM gy BE ne 5-6) =m) 8 ame a thee defined by Bas. (2417) (24610) The boumdacy contigs forthe Ba oder hay ate of the frm ce By aa} ss duu (retin) (25-m) s-a) “The teaser shea ores Qi can be expe inte of he dplacement (3) laden [ts @s-9 fy= Malt Bde 6-48) = iS anand (25-10) ston coils. The materi if Que = Quca 6+ Qasate » Meta of Compete antes 1 Qudeortind co + Quah @s-m) pct (258) cn gedit pete om) va peal ) aR mt (+% %) ee oy 35+) + lange gy + (58 mh 3) +B + an + By a By (s-19) sll) ante H [A (Beem) + a0 +40 (98 +4)] +m as-0) Blond endo, von(t Bl) -&le rads (S+4))-udat ef Comp Lis » [oud oub +b eB) a owas soy +m @s-1) =, Ba. (28-1025) irarng eg (5-1) al (25513) Toe 2 pH 28 ag 24 « Dy Dab + Du RS + (Din + Dube 4 aD Se Dat wont al oto BA Se (25-19 nals oa8t sons dof aonb oul ona (4) ha (oo 88) HSB se Fer rtotrone platy the lamlate ifort Ay, Ants Dts Dae and Ag te Fro end au (25-14) (24) sad (2518 spi to @s-9) ) (288) omnes nt BE co 6 698% as (48) 2A w_ ub cone +t) =n sa) altos a Pou 8 (04 Be) =. » Meco Compt ens 120 The layerwine theory of Reddy 20-1 Background Inthe snags of compote lias with ov laerie teary in rc the hepincemente tre expanded wii ac get ‘lng be Lgsnge only of fil neat: The sal oe trough te tke slyet fo teal several pha lyers a aaron merereroeeeery (or onal tring) and mode delaminatinny, iy temaonns (ei Op ‘eden, The inst siguiced opt the Lge heey ‘he lagervie theory of Rey i bused on the loving displacement ex sion rough the lnane thickest” The Fh dplcetent component fe 2.3, the samba of subdvaon (0 Gtk ikon teammate aad ate Bg. (26-1) fr al ther diplacemet fo songs, indepen ihe dolcemeat (epecly wean be wd, The felon 9” ae lien, fae (ce Red A) in em ofthe Lagrange erp Inn fencton anocated ri he aes cnected ote th terface hough ‘he laminate thickness and (02,0719) deere the nodal value (0,8) at (ce Fig, 20-1). Bene ofthis loa ate fe eplaerete we continoas trough te theron, But th ee its respect fo # are continoon. The ple tht al nner ae ‘dacmtnaee fpr etree Therlor, the ileraaty tart Tine ompated fon the ayer conte eqeatone Ges the produce of the ‘rhe ele sien the fre lees atthe nets) ax beAna of Compe Laie tes) wil be continanur bat th pane i be dacontou'a lage neice bce ofthe properties of sdncen layers The revaling thory il hee tha rege only 2D Ble Semen. The detest apt {ion he injerine mol rented to ony wo reason oppor 0 ‘Hre-dimenias nthe oaveatonl 9 fe Cement adh , nt on up Figure 20-1 Kinematic of Keds ayers theory. selced, When x toed the nti “The value of Min Ba. (26-1) can be app Pe yd? 20, 4 Be yd OH gs (5-9) (Bo) (e) om 218-3 Governing equations ingame, 17) a be ded ing the princi of ite! dplacement Te quan of qe of te jee then OM, OME oy oat yo (23-39) Oud , a8 oy ed a ate as-3) AL Lop wt (we) =o (ay Be * by fo Fd, when 07) = 2 (3H ME PEM) 2 (HB PE) co sd the ealint ae dele by Mm [irae SP m Pactra 61.2.8) Sy Re Ko [tae w= [Bata (s-9 i of tmo-sensonl dere equations in 3 vr Jie W dente the mui of teres, Snading the tp Baunions (263) sles (a‘snd ello faces ofthe laminate, The renee 442,S2,Q1, KP can be ex qunton and pine-dplacnest atin, ONUEWH The fate domee he everson pete in Rafeconent Sa Maem Thr of Bit od, Meron, Lebel SG. Thay of Eeticiy ofan Antrpe Blt B Boye Banttedia ay olin Axhaawensa, 8 Ay Tory of Anite Pie, Tanne, Waa er edd, 3, 8, Brey and Veriton! Methods in Applet Mechanic, Isha Ailey‘ San New Wark (198) Wey, 1 Me Stacy of Lente Anite Pl, Tee ‘nornic, Lancaster, PA (1987). re ‘opting By and Bah Ret Adve in And of Lanne Sieh ee ng? A Soa pens Fete aid iit Poet ibraes ced We ahaa ae) eee Nowy A and uson, W.. “Asem f Shar Deaton Thon ait Coe i ed Me Bran Oh “Recent, Advance in Anaysiof Laminated thon Aik Torn, A Review of Reed hn of Laminated Pin? Shek and Beh on BT A General Nop Lise Thin Ores Theory of Paes wilh Jeoral of Howlin Hes, 35 (0), ‘Toate Sean petro pr ira 0) act, A Dy “On, the Bein aad Flere of Clit Sb ‘iio hae Mite cde of el Sa and Sec hel ope aa (aye oem Midebrand FD, Reimaen sara «Ue ie Beracchge sheen Ph eit ee sa Deke of Ale oe | | Meio ome anes yan and Shenson lear Motions Mipdin, RD nc of Rett, WE Re Mehonen as pps 8 Listen, Eh Bisel tes piesa? eal tenn 44 3) placer Matta bss catsroae it ‘Chatter, and Klan 8 V., "Shes Caren Factor or aris Piste Alaa dowel 1 (hp. abs (0D) Whitney, JM. "Shee orton Factors for Orthotopic Laminate Under State Lind doural of Applied Mechanic 40 (0) pp. 902308 (197) Bet, CW, "Simlfed Ang of Satie Shae Facto or Hea f Now: Imigeaaia Gro Seton” Searelof Gompraue Maer, py. 625635 (exe Sch tad emma ree Rete AGRE She Mea me Ah her od Rae Yong, PC. Nesey C,H and Wtbgeoun ase dati sco ied “The Bet of Tranmere She Detartion ipl te ra of Sage Mat, Y) “Blac Wave Propagation i i Sos and Scan 2 tie Reding sae Gl te, 3 Mant Paan, HJ, Shar Deormatin in Meee Mee ic Joba dpted Mec 9p. ES tansy ety, 1 "A Sine gh Order Thay fr Lani Compete Baty a Spt enero ey 3, Ma*h Rated Nene Thay Paes wih Taree Shea Seah hm ical Toural of Sods end Srsctuen, 20 (10), pp. Mepieditestlanecr ta) tose a " sete Cement gram cet (mse [ERS Se ears asnap of Comps Laminates » 2. Shit "A Refined Noses They of Pie with Tinstrese Shee Babee Sn det Meee en a oe BN 29. Keng Murty, AY. ger Ore Than for Vi Aida Fear a (a), pp mL CT, ot Thick Plater Simple, Theory of the Satie ad Dyas atBlets Baie ashe fete Cominancalons Fh, BSS Geen 1 Hoprved Approximate Theory fr the Bending of Laminaed “weston Tey, Br pp. 1-458 (1580) 32 Marty MV. Va Ipeved‘Tranteren Shear Dalormtion Tory fot Tape iki es Ad Rel Pon oh 1 8. Deimaeaa, A and Stove eA hh Hf Onitope Homorenet pel tether aE os ‘M.D Scgra Ma "A Rained Tranve [Byeed Rsslope Patan Ata sad So Torts TH 238. RapJ-G."A New Thery of Lamina Pa 26) wp. 2 85 (085 26, Rel J fe Rect Ths Compote Lana Mace, 38 3. Baldy, J, N “Generation of Two-Diensona Theron of Lamioaled Spine Winter” Communtens tu Apfled Remeriad Mathdr, yp Order Thee or Fee Vibration Rea Il ber: Deformation Theory for Ma pp S38 1880) Composites Scenes and Teh en (le) 36, Hobtigs, Dl and Reddy, 3, N., ‘Modeling of Thick Compa Tiger Wine Laminate Tnety* Raereh eget Nev CONS Paljtehiefwtte and tle Voter acaba, Why 10 peo it Inmate Jornal or Namertal Methods in Bagncing 20, Habling DH aod Rey. 0 td Dalaman n THX Copa ba for rupee apples 2° 8 ey ‘noes Pabiaieg Hoss, New Del 100} 40, Robbing D-H aad Reddy J “The Hit of Kinematic Anmmpons op Searels Wintel Sama aes? Chapter 3 Finite Element Analysis of Composite Laminates 8.1 Introduction ‘The patil ferential egetions governing compote laminate (oe Section 24) a raters gemece ad bodary conan enol be tle In wed form Aspe slton of lt eae are arable (ne Rey (3) sty {er raceaglar pts with al dge sly woported (un the Neer ets) fr with two oppole ve int wapprted ae the rening wg bung ‘Suny boundary conte (ey the Livy selon). ‘The Raylph ie ad {Gletin methods es slo be sted lo deterne protien! wlan Sat the oo ae ied tong gree bene of te iyi contac lng the appexinaton encos fr competed gometin, The ot of mamaria ‘methods faclitatn the latin ofthe eens fr pres of pace Dovoace. Among the mameial mathods salable or he sito of ferent qutions dened oe itrry domain te fe clement method isthe Beane eed, 1 ent othe Hae cnet tod ra ‘There ae several lye file demetmoele developed for pt there. ‘hae eae br groped fo hve aor etegser (1) placement od (9) ‘sed sod hyd odes a (1) sgn model Phe depen fate Slement model of plate thers are bse on the pine of ritual pace ns, where ll pverig quetions ae exerted erat ofthe pace iss fr empl Egs (24-8)-(2 6-79). ‘The mined and hybrid fie element ‘rel ae Uaed ow modifd or tnedrosainal statements af the plate tee ‘Jovi ohh both depacenets sad sree te independently spp ‘The equiv modes ae Insed om the principle of vital fore Among tie thre ype of moda the daplacament ie seen code te mow ature ‘nd commenly ued orate seme progam.dno Come ones " ‘The beta ha chapter eo review the bate dn of the faite lent salted and develop the dapaceret Ste cee mode of the Gaul lar [tated pine theory (OLPT) onl toe fnt-rder shear Sformation ple theory UESDT) wich were dined in Chapter 2. The ate clement mod ee then ‘We beg with he dnaon of the ie element tod (oe Rey 2.6, 3.2 The Gnite element method “The ite dement method ithe ont pone nara ehnigun ever de ‘ed fringe ad steactorl mecesie protein gromelsaly cop {ted rors. The fie element aaa af problems tors at ean ‘be Gviged ina mata loi sep hat ean be implemented ons Sigil com ‘ater and can be wed to ele & wide range of problems by mee chging he fate np defining he domain ite py! propertn tad intl oad beurdry cade Is tha feature thet give the ate clement method ch rear ‘cess the modeng wad Salton f practi eniveing pabens ‘The finite element dig endowed with two distinct fentaten the no 1. The domain the pole i viewed a aleton of surntenetng imple subdomain, eed inte sements The nord domain eed te denote foe [hz sym, or materia gin net whch the goering eqns arto Ev laled, The tubivion of dora inte seme ete te deed Eocene eng ote decal the sleet me ‘rer each it deen! the sltion of the governing equine appr {ntted bys lear sontiaion of ndslermined punters sod pretected pprximue fonction, alma abvysplpnoriae rosin of he ston ofthe we ean be bined only y lepsig the ‘eilniy ofthe Seite element eatin, and pony ie dele, at lerent ‘teruer The proceso puting Ihe amet ages cle th sve Steen In he ite demest method, a got complicated dai ie repre: scold aceon of subdootins at thew an ey contacon ofthe oy [rsination fnctions. By representing the tion neem of erly he ‘ode fhe element (ey by iterplting), ween the approximation Tone » Pe Bn dae ins fer tn amet a appropri interpolation pynonil and we en wile w= 04) = FEO) e2-9) ‘rhee Uy sepees the cite eemen ntepaae of w on «type cement, Ups ehe wales of Usa the jh node, and (0) ae he etereltion nein Fle eaumple the nar tate slement apron o«fnein es) ta oe ‘lento poems ng yee elements cont of representing the ‘Twnln wih angele setene ad then approrimating the fonction (9) ot (nd dent by Unser polyoma ofthe frm oc edly (2.8) arethetare Eun) 2-2) ys tm he ro i atre () he Zctan f« erh set of fie sesent ad i) the representa of th salon wy apstont GF ibe orm (Q21) the fe serene method fo general weed method ih hich u gen eferetl equation ir recnt nen equaeat fry called ‘eile aapet or arson! amen, over ech sement andthe praetes Uf te detrned ac thn the sional sate isa neh dewet Slice rina ane ef of ine lone the pursues Uf fan element Since the domain ed mt [Then thy ne el eer ni Cir ign postions wing contialiy ot Ue) “smb of emesis). The fate deel {hate pace oly fe elation are ened “The faite element cetod cn be rpaded at tecigu of generating oP prosinaion fenton for raion tetbde af pprnimaio (9 the melbod Er itapegh tte, Glerineatronce clan subdomain ad en ee [Reddy Bh) ie genre of apposition fonctions e made onrecent by ‘Toile ibe doa’ te fie lence na seing the choles polaoml ‘Whi tee eel oe fie cement nthdy there cts be several diferent fe ‘ement modes «pes eqaton, depending on he vation tethod wed 4 ny the governing 3.2-4 Modeling conseratio Finite semoet asysleof stracarl problem «mamaria anal ofthe ‘pathemael moda wed to epreet the Gehit of the trctre. There, [Ee demen! odcog vss ssumtins concern be reprvetatina of thesteve and is behavior, Valid strmation canbe made oly Tere we cee serra aspects offsite clement model deredopent. Gide Neve (eo Reddy " Generation of « Gite deme! cea of « ven sucre shoal fll the une nted below 2, The mesh shold be such tha large gradients in the ston (placements {nifor src) ate adequately repre, 8 The mesh shoud ot contain ements wt ver lrg spect rain (to thermal othe ret side fan sees) spec argon ‘Within the above gidelny the mesh ued canbe sete (it fw element) or reel (se, minny elements) aed may col of one ot ore ordre ted typer denen (ee linear end vera nga od quelatera). A jadiont ‘hice element ore nd ype could ane computa ext for given near {he eae Ht shouldbe mole thatthe bie of element aad rete poblens Aependeat. "What wet well for one piohiem may fot work well fr ancter ‘Ae sie wih pyc! Isigh into the proce beg sna enn ae = bekier che of cents aed ona forthe prbiem aad than on who dst sel bee the ppc yee andor experimental norman, ‘Toee ren be nd an Generation of mabe fine lret type (inet eenents a quartic lemons) enyInenane ements othe se degree te compe with ech ‘ter Mesh vetsements note sve option, Refine the mesh by wablding ‘eutngsemente ne tno or move cements fe tums type (ne Pure 32-1 ‘Tet called the bacsion nek refiement Ree Ue eth by replacing esting lees by eleenta of higher rer fc Figure 32-18). Thi yp of eee “ Piste Benet se called the prion mah refinement The by pe refemant is ne tien cpt oe revel nt vo tore cements wom place od ‘eslucd by Ligherorde clement ince plac, Ceeral loa eth efi ‘SE anlad Se me that vey ema semen ae not laced jeer lo ery Aenefnement | | | (5) The p-refinement 2-1 The two pen of meth refines in Site clement analyst (Gy ebnement (nee withthe ame order of elements). Petnmest (escent i higher der ements). ‘eve ace many problems island secre mechan in hich it ecranry 1 ein iaeen dn For exampa, 2D pine bending ‘Scent an be connected fon 1-D Beam cant Ihe poe elemes is based ‘Sethe cel plate tery, he berm cement shal be one bused on he Baer ‘Boal beam tort tat they ave the wune dees feeder a the ounesing code: Wiens lan lsicy semen connected to beam Senet, athe Sere fede the cometedlemeas ar Incapable Bena‘he rational degre of read ofthe bem semen hs couttrp inthe sli sement) one mast construct aspecal set that makes the treson ftom the 2D plane sancy cement te the -D teem element Stch eens Atv eled treatin omens abe og of sf Neds Hand 3 6) Figure 3.2-2 Coanedions Setwees diferent onder sents (a) Us of ras thon mente 8) Unf conn enone of diferent eet ap Tinear and qeneaie cents There ae i ombine cnet af diferent ere: Une may to ne rnin seen ich ve diferent be of oder on ieee he nant (ee Figure 3.32). ‘The oter way ito imponesconiton that constrict mide oust be Ube ene fae tat athe node of the oer ader deen oe Figre 42-25). Neier conbinton eafresimerclmet content athe tion Figure 3 ‘owe eens of uch rene “ Patent Ae () 6 Figure 3.2-2 Bxampas of lacl meh serene (a) Meth ramet with ompatleelemests, a (0) mesh vtbement with eon ood representation ‘Suppove that «sold hogy i subj to a desibatve foc ot bond ‘When the tnpieenet ofthe body eal by oat of Sle cee the iuion rut be modeled ay Ley replaced by tt of nodal fre. "Thin ede Sn ruch away thatthe work dope by tbe pod fect om thee ‘roving though the dolcemon: The scarey ofthe flim pends onthe Slemest type and re ved lo rpresest the domain andthe representation of ‘Stil ferme finer came, or example to epeen cored Boandary ‘il change teat! dtltion (ee Fgwe 32-4). Of eure sh reemete Uy teem or persion ill improve the epeetaion sf the pecifed Boundary {ce Anyone dow fo dtd oe shoud be eaten the Interpolation frelon the dren wed lo represen he latin, For ape, ike satin le pprosinated using the tne ole qudeatieements, the nodal entribations «bed ree held be erated sng ourbode eet SemenFigure 3.2-4 Repeesetatin a spc boandary farce ie the finite deme ‘Another ston hee «boundary fore i jc to deen ype ofa proaiutions sent betwert wo aden, Fer etmple, sl plate cvtet ‘th edreule ne enaraes ene fre thal can be rprstnted ser an Dra loed ora nel debuted ore, Representation of te etc ce ccen deforma be us» pint load ian appresination ote tue dt buon” Ain ditbaton might Be wore vel repeat tthe sea fee 1a temo mtn son wie porta fe band preteen de fhe pee ae SLL i aaetaes Seopchcl raha eee afk mh hh etd Sacer a ce. So iene ed sar a” On ch Si mudny Neos site cake he et « Fie Bnet ae pote the grote (,duplacemen!) bondacy condition a the galas piste Sel diva te foes boundary condton, Of earn ifthe eve ton 1 pralem stat the force Boundary capins are inponed aad the geome oundary condone are rll eft then eosierton mut be given tothe Simer ene Another type of singly one encounter the eli of Boundey-mlse probleme i te speciation of bo diferent wer of © dplcement or foee ‘sable tthe ase bounday ptm oe fe cea aay oe ast a itropeats the nee comereatve ce. any eae {tau boundary condition apleed by an apronimate condition. The daenet the approximate bouadery tonition Lo the ra ne depends onthe eo the ‘lement Cin cpa. Ital mcewary towne tm cnn in {he viet ofthe vnglar poet to obtain a acepabl laa, Since moe pratealprobin ae approximated Inthe eating forme ‘sition. AS fr he reaiepropertians and decton fac errs itr eprenimat salen 143 Classical lasnated ‘The aie! lasiatd plate thar an eteson ofthe Kirche pat the ‘ry of thin weep lates fasion plates. The arearplion of he Kiso Pike theory wer ace in Secon 24-2 tthe gweaig eens of tse were dered in Seton 24-4. For sai ae the salam eantionn of ‘he las fmnated plate theory are fe Ege. (24-15) and (24-10) (24-21) -(8 as—u4 -& 3-0) HB meyea) ae gaia where (Mi, Nay Ma) Ae (My Ma Me) afore td modna of Compe amnats “ in Ba. (24-17 and) re Bge, (2426)(24-2), ng the laminae conte equations ee Soe Ente cet mo ci (321 aamegti th 3.-2 Fine element model The development of the file deme model of he quan lows wo bate ep te dieeai craton ang the nodal ‘Bepacenets and forcet"Theweighcbntepal sateen cam be derived ther Alec rom the governing oqaons ot Tem he rail of vita ‘mene oth approaches pve tcl the sme whe integral statement, {Be Set fom nthe ec tap the dependent rns apron spprprte Beit een nerpalatins of the form (32-1, ad they ne ‘he rnp of vital dplacement (ce Rey) natural ie the weak form ofthe ferential equation i (23-4), Ateraivey,the men ler f Ey (234) can be comneced ar dented hee Bach equation a melody appropiate weight fnction nd lateral ever ype! clement. Sine the ‘latent ee for any wiry hae othe weight fncin one ea choo ‘ety dierent Bort indepen eetos lar the wight ftom a tare sd ingrate oe the semen demain sy) athe drcton cies of the wait sormal onthe Bounty T° (ibe seeatSomala 1. We note that the exprentan i he parent af the ‘ound integra ete he inplee nove free Mine + ene, Be, (23-3) beer of (Goma Sem) ant — foam Eguton (2-4) x alle th wh form of Eq (22-1) Deca requ ee Othe ode of oe st ae ete brie he ces tamer, Plate theory whom ning the wenk forme in Bau (23 #)400-8) et ner Lagrange interpolation o we asin oer node ree TH2eaE nod vans salt th “The Lagrange interpolation fneians 4 and Hermite intercon fenctlons pee RSS ae el ely i eel ‘ned ling eter poacher cel pami oral (ib he Eder Beso en leet (ee 6 “Thi hie of nerpltin of (oy) st he lta of dent ard pple fo ments ae eed sory Times te ised arts fi Sipe te ‘hn sans latent tern con fh op a he Ephcteet Tene, his terme» nnenormnyemen The cooing ‘leant hans total of Bve degrees of enlom per sade, a indicted fa Figare aa “The Site deme ode of Eye. (23-1) obtained by aabting exper sion (37) fr fnejs} and bu = Yybe = $y and b= 6 Int Bae (094) (3°8)- ‘The gies the ih algebra euain ofeach weak frm. ‘Tare are « {Sino nm) nodal egret freedom per sement We obtaln, (Sh Bin) frat o> f, (anes Som) ants — [matte (a9 (aaa (3-109 veo 89 (3-10) $i) = mt) 4d nf) = 16 The sar diaa ” Pte Rn ns Aaa Compt Dain 44 5 25 44 4B, 5) (nit Pa, 33 = 12) Figure 33-1 Piste bending element of th cai plate theory. (a) E te ub enferingeemest (4evt Rv fg). (©) Conlrmingdemert Mis Be (worm, $s Hs ERD (ateronggsnt)nao Compe amines = dey = BOY 6 Be DY, By = BOM 4 Dy DEL = Da bth + BQH, ai, at + a SEL Ms nth, = Bye Ht + BSE y= lt + a Mh=- (oul eon88) ain Fe este, FE [Nabe Hf, (tae Gan) ao fatty (3-1) the ufc ae se ‘The computation ofthe coeicetsin By, (2-12) (23-14) reer eaation ineginle ter each hme! doin. When the Senet geomety i soneran ular othe integrands ee complied fanclons of he corinne (ey) exe ‘leon ef the intepeds by conetlona etods iso parle, ke Ra Se ‘ben compulerrograteseahintegrav ate crated ng merino ethode We wil dean mei ernst f nega Seton 35°, ‘This complete the development ofthe ite cement mode ofthe eae ried by wing the intrlemen con Tame of nada res Then he dopa ‘tet an fre boundary onions ofthe problem ae iposed on the asserted nd ihe equation are eed for rad dnpncmta af the lone (89-9) canbe ed to dsterninedigiecmate say fstteary pin (90), sede dno! ld Bq (24) canbe we 1 ‘sermite he ttl dnplacenete gs) the eaine (24-12) and ‘rset iba on prod Cogs) saa be computed vg {ie pacrent Blade can be actor to amine conrtes eng {he tranafraion nq (23°3). Adon! dasa the wr ad Stet melanin Sie clementaias ie given in Section 3-2 128-8 Nonliners model {the von Keema sonic sri [ee By (24-13) are to be ned in the fie coment rh he procdary deen ve docs nt shange opt thatthe eultng geben erations (3-10) wl be neler: The den ‘laces colette wun ol » ‘ate Renate 06) ny ae 0 aa-9) here] he le aie mai and Fe he force vcore Bq (24= ‘Rhrund [is he aunt whee coins ae en bolo et) er) ey es) any be Fle fae) fas (4-104 ow (aes) ise [a td oe the ghd de of Ea. (28-12}-(28-10) = [ono M0, a =, 0, °, bide, MP a) = 0, AP = A A = 0M 0 a = A MB eas, anf =a (4-105) Equation (24-8) can be reduced to appropiate farm deendg on the type st seals For sae nal, we atthe sclerane vector, (A) 19 wer and ‘btn te proton ee Be. (89) wean =. jam sc rin poems we ae pe mation np he a MsH(aG) (or (04) = (95}e™) am 2 ate Beet ae ‘Then Ee (24-9) tke the form ofa genes problem, (0) -wre79(03) ©) bc) te rece the an mae Ea (8421) mite (Sand it the boeing load A. The aity eles eomee {Eom the ome enieay of Ey (25) &(MGE+ & (oan) E(ntten nbc) areal nplane oes (ee Fger 24-2) Ror the toner ‘hear, the tbl (ogre silos) mate] vee by oe woe weg ay (Gar) ‘The signee 3k thi cae repent the rt of actual bing lad tothe ‘ed ipa force ane au) Tomyret (tine) spraxinaton Fr the ease capo the tie davies of the sltion in Bg (248) shouldbe rprvnid i em ofthe elton a oes gore squtone {shin the rutin (8) at ine (4 fo the cation lime whet tthe the Newmark istegrton thee, the sltoe reir (3) and (3) Utne = (4 1} are apprimated bythe epreason,aide olden (ahen= (het (Adds = AAD HfBdoul (aay) (Bde = (G40 comprenive sng ae. (94-9) ad (3 for an leet (ee Reda (8) obtain the fling algebraic equations WeorlSdoe = (Bans (a4) shee (ess denotes the ue af {A} a time = (248 and elon = les teens Phen = (Foes Mason + ab). 4060S) (ai) « Pints Rn nt ‘Once the elton {8} ace a tn oy = (+ 1) het ad eed utter f(a} (eee and neeraton) fy eam be compe on (Bera = a€B)ons (0) ac} 063), (Bdea= (Meteo tanfADoae a ves = ote that Ba, (24-18) ie valid foram sleet, There, operations oe cna in Bay (B4- 188) ee cased ou foram slementy aad 1) = (F*) re "They ate sled ae impoing the boundary repented wet fo ech leet ofthese ahs The sera {a} and (3) orice int the cites {8)yon Teer tango Eom one tine sep tothe ert ene lve Eq (34-18) for iret ine the tro grors abounded wil ne, uc nt sprosinalion aches te mad to esa. Ifthe ezrin bounded fo al ine, he shee i ald to be ale flep ae mt. Such chro elle endionally sale emt Ot eron we ‘ony er slale concn sleek. ‘The murs ably ofthe Newmark heme depends on he eis of the salsa ora endy- Only when @™='7= 1/2 the echemeyncononally table ar other chin if Chee parameter, ime cromet Bt mt be hot sch {Oat the Flowing laity eerie et (amy ai rhe yas dente maximum natural frequency ofthe atrucre ing nase,‘The parameters and nthe Newask tine apprsinationvehene(34-17) rnd (sale whens) a= By =F 2 Linear sceceration metbod (coniioelly wale} a= 7= hiro 1 Cane diferenc mod conioolly sable o4-m {ape of bev, known weer ecking, hos logan sear dforabie oes ‘eth ncepon oe. ‘Shea locking dot othe inailty of aba defrable semen to acutally grin [1-1 mined famalaone [202 hybsi formal. rin chi 3) and cee Kir ethods to forthe eet rer shee deformation that fn be ie ‘etanaly suse i021, nad there ch tom a greet in terms of ccurey, ata inglometatin, ad computation] een A beter understanding of locking phesomenn in aeceery inorder to give {iinet development of new ements and fo allow a mere compete aly af esting cements When thin pits are modled by plate fated ‘ish, Numerically thea cqilent e cnsesat condition ich seqaet Eats prodact ol he bear efoee nt ond Ie placement reir be te "Thee nodal tins nna olin th char fens mate et ‘eng, Oe way to cee the agua ofthe eat set arto ‘han order of mei integration lowe than i nxeay to mnt thei lege cxncly. ‘Thus, dtd itpatin of shee aiteae ere. The by {orienting the ec orm of the thea conets tat are imponed o0 Thee or acditanal nals the reader ay cont Rafe 18 45 Computational aspects A Evaluation of lament matrices and numeric! integration ‘eto, ele quadrat emploed fo eveote sch integra. ‘Thee se several umes! methods of ering the iaegrale ‘methods se toed paso apposition fhe integrand becase ays ‘oman be nlegratedemelly. The Gao -Legendre quaatre eos a ‘Bony ted due lo te fact hat it prs good acerey ithe compan {ine when compared to other setae (ee Red (0) Thi meted ebay desbed het ance te reader he ence of ame negra, ‘We bagi, for etalie purposes, wich the eration of «ot dentinal Integral Conse nile exprentan ef he fe, provers hr oe) es ine einen rte Benet Al Zeamples wth einem dlement QHD{0 Next the pecormanes ofthe QHDAD costnsum semen! (ie See. 28) enoniatd y comping reve to thot blind bys Iaaatd pate {ry (CLP) he frets shew esratn teary (FSDE), and -D ear {diy The mate propre (of fin) wel troughont ar hee of high ‘module opie/eery aati 2-9 All Iges ae of eal thine. Cylndscal bending of plate, and bending of ‘imply nupportedoqare and recanglarplnter ar considered, with iuaialy ‘nibtedtaseene load Fr ead bending the Fowl dene, 2% ma) oe beings pete sa ‘yomety i aed and nyu quadeet fhe pat in modded. Heaie dens ton seprce: ona obese Te btan the sane. ‘onde eee dont sian a ‘Stone colder, : Wa o » © © 0 wS mo wo Figure $.7-2 Normalised raves dapacemenvrttdetothchree te ‘oor ede bending ot (0/0) and (0/80/)Iinas, Baample 1: Gye! bnding Fst ith ie ang (0 nae, a Fg 3. sh sed rere et) age pei Socetivatida topes (Shere pe Rondon(0/90) taminade v/o> without Pigare 8.1-8 Normalzdiepinestees (2) fr epindsil beading (0/90) Teminate(S4) (0/90/09 saminate we Figure 8.7-4 Korman rnevere da ses (ge) for eindial bend (0790/0) lias () $= 4 (0) 310 iene obtained with and without quad lems, The -D dai wae {Soo Pagano] gre «mee ge ain ofthe nated eens Splecmert, nth rerpect to 2: The rata for the Lome ace 5 For examol for Smt aifernce of 1 per en i ote. fe Figure 3. {he ceased rlod in-plane tre vraion i proeted for 8 4 No {hae alum seer Sifter by 35 per ccc men computed iy eed without, the term, The eer of fatng guna terms te fie met aon ‘ined, ah or proaruneed er Hit the in Grplocumente Next, ne consider edie! beading» square (0/800) Inte, Once ula the rene are compared othe darcy tlton af Pagano [1 Figare sT-Cinsater though te knee sition the nrmaled teaver eat tire (en) athe tmplyseppored boundary fr S'= 4 and 10. Figure 81 Stas the nermaeed inane te raation ihroah the thicker tthe ents ofthe iat Noe het athe sie thick aie aed from ¢ {0 the creda betwen the Site ent ned cai solu grealy Improved. The lmer pect ra eprercots = Ue ple end, courrier ofl within th ang spin othe erent oration, ic bed (e's Clsetiacur daplesetat eld through te thckwee Tk leinted Plats ar beter modeled bythe pate hore achat the Bt order seat dormitory dicen Seton 4 ample Simpy-seporel plate under sine nding ‘This example deals wth» snplyeupported, tangas (99/0) lia. Salute te abiined for tee ioe ttn $= 10100, Tosa ‘Bear session eu 9)» (Oe/2) and pane sear tee vation a op Ce pedi ister 31 nad 7-0 © ‘hina by Pagan 8] aad the dasa pate hear {he ie cement and eetcly seal improve ‘stain in Toe S78 “The elect of distorted eames ele said. Renal ae obsined forthe telat eure meshe shown in igue M18. The secs snd apace ‘Te prs are foco ose te koae ral for quae lant sed ‘raped tothe can tone la Table 17-7 he expected, the mac te ‘ote ncarselydeterined a hoe baie wit he vegas mean A ash ‘Sf antoed cements barn mach see tere ces he esate tanec ‘heat tenes hnnon the else inplane tee od placement, Since te {eantere tere Bed on ele onieratos, tem the mesh‘Table 3-6 Normaee srne an diplacemestafr snp rapport gute (ojo) nine under Fant (<3 me) | «| Fonte mea) Fan 2 way joa Ta (9x2 ot) v0 | rmat(6xo mn) Pai (2 wel) : 10 | PRA (6 x6 mt) igure 37-7 Normalized tener oor nen, yor smply-aupprted ae = wesne ilamiaae (0) 6 (sf () 2 (deeea of Comps anna « Sable 3.4-7 Normand ser and plement spy asppatedagete i ine i ta na oe) eee] 2 layne a. eee eealeme len a {| ete | oso on { j~ [cemats [nae [oasis | smote refined eneugh to apprasimat equim condition ‘rc rain sand rt ie aed ah (Gres ssn improved tratvee res brane the sh eee ” Pt een Anes ‘mabe 3.7 eel (0/9070) nnannee wih ious deo theaee aioe (Foden esoene lad Feat Pra fest na) | re ay Tan =F ay ea (ct) va | eee ae) FEF Foust) sm | "rea fuser sy aa Fa ea el (o/s pened ie Figure 31-8 fo rectangaaannate (08) with ee etal range false preset Table 7-8. The preset hed {sompared a thve siaed wang Gartiywtion [an to thw stan Reddy [10 using the fit order shear deformation bending element (ee Sx, 15) Contin nin any ie ute god, peti for rt of $2 1.its Rent due ‘Aa Saul considerasiontltne bare been binned forthe pean geome | wie ted ntgration sid fllatgrton, The nae re copie Piguet elsted ve cf diplacete cha problem bower redscad ielegrton needed to inne enor it | | | | | | | | alt incegsation, oh benim ‘romp (0/9070) rectangular sate “Ih ai fa . deen i pi sent : Gout any pat pene Fett ° eh acetal res meta Figure 8.7-10 Eeot in normale tenes dnplacement and npn ice Pre casa snp seperti)Mes 1: A252 wif 2-D menh of eiht-sode quadratic ements ‘heny plan tnd 3 quadaicine ements trough he hernat {ene undrtc abv fr ech nea lupe) ual (Gol dees redo Mesh 2 A2x2usifre 2-D meshof eight node qundeticdemete ‘canert in tee aston t clement td fr the snl Figure 8.7-12 Fst est meshes of ner a The seen re empated vin he conan elton tthe refed Gave pater uch ite cment "The edsed aver pnt corr a ie Bd [etgraten pins within the domain of ech ne fac amon.Fgues 3-13 tHhroegh 27" show the datuton of wasn seme ( “rose ” Pinte Ren die 100 (eda Easiany eZ Layers eas Yt” a Insplano Normal Stress Distt of eplane normal ses (5) trough the tiknse ‘a simy-spported square (6/90/0) mat ade vinta tenner lad (i) = 1.00 Eract 2-0 Elsicly + Layocvise Mesh 1 ner | © wero Mesh 2 5 033 0.00 a ‘Traneverso Novmal Stress 4 Ditsitin of raver noma te eto diply supperte, sua (0/070) line ‘enidl anne ond (= 9) 4) trough the thiks ee = "125-02 18-0, ‘Transverse Shear Sess Pigore 31-18 Distitaton of treme hearst) tvough tbe thickest supported oar (90/0) mane acer ical od aya). 033 = o 03 02 ‘Transverse Shear Sess Figure 8.7-10 Disbuton ftenrese sar sey, though he hes stash separa.) annteedeaun * Pate nent ie ‘he hc of the plate a the reduced Gautpinte dott tothe onion where ‘caress anism. Thos or mesh te semen ee ome reat rine though the tchaen while fo th 2 the ssc re compsted a 72 ‘Seerent pints though te Wieknem: ‘The sondimeninaed sess, ag ‘ih the Cneeponding seen Gos plete iv br inant etal tat al antimai2 an srr athe tte tichaen and Lie the length of the lana and ithe ed hat ate theese a howe ed a Bg. (37-4 25, By= Br, S225 Gia = Gis =a m= 025 cellent greet beeen the geri ite een! ation andthe exact ‘ound wr shows Figues 37719 Gogh {Lisle Al streets prdiled bythe single laper trie (CLPT ad $FSD1) show covdderabe ror for thie het plate” Note tat the anaere ‘heer ates in CLDT and FSDT are empled vie nleretion a the pei ‘enten The cyl thar caves tn he betta fare lprviae Peldng colin, gerie mth thar ret wnt rately ‘ere renerent trough hike; howee, on th oglative anaes ‘hotter ore shows ere £3 Geometric nonineer analyses Beamples withthe lint elements alte atone mete plats, composite lee exhibit que diferent non linear bobsor Foe eurpi, the geome naar fers cold be ery 8 ican even a anal laude nd defcetionn,Sepentog othe elton scheme cna (1 [8905), Tees te poet we saya a a ‘ramet em ly quer lmnae(0"/0°) wih two epponte edges pane or ged eed the eer ewe oe and ebjete owl Soibued es ters oe, The gemeley sod boundary condos fer the pabed and Mage ‘han ee shown is Rg, A4-17. Toe cael proper eed we the eat ‘hose ed by Sa and Chl (3:. fon ‘ L SOOT pa re ee Net Figure 31-17 Geometry and boundary condition for (20/0) lanaaed pate ‘ip ender esifrly tibted treevere led By 0M, By = 1AM a 7-9 ing ns ting the Seatrker thee de. ile 31-8 For kged cet pee sp prsimally exes (ee JJomdeacce arn oe all aus ofthe pose lan, the expreionconlasing Ay een a Ge rc 45. Hence, Me comprenive und lcrenes the tranererse deflection — loge to he care defection ofa pate stp wder tn tal eomprsse feed aed tcansvene ond, Thon te onion clon fare thon te Enea (Shon tl aut he oe Ae the bed eases te Ay expenon ‘comes Inet thas the Brereton, and Ms becomes posite: Thin aie {ewtactare sod the near lation become llr then he nea aon ‘The lond defen cans forte ref loud slope ie shows in Fie 27-18 Far w mgt ned, By fe pntin andthe two terme ye thal larger al oree aad atom ifr actrees forthe pone eed eae. ‘Theoe the efecton loner te tht forthe eae of ponte lod ‘Table 37-0 Nontnerepndie bending of « (0/0) lamionte ener ni fermlydnrbaed Weneer ead. ‘Foreplay For positive load wl, ‘The behavior dsb above dacs not oct for simply supported (on a ‘lees eine with 581 of 852 boundary condo ot fo amie wiht Tending teehng coupling ‘Ae noted ear, the $5-2 boundary condone mast be wed 1 anae a roel nage ny anit. The queer pletely nvaed ole 5 {te for ina rape bt ac ot hal or geri tanner nave. To ‘Marae th pint, » e-layer (45/~45) sane plate (a= 1000 yh = 2Aaa of Comp Laie ” mm), wih sor tenes lad andthe lowing layer propeticn analy 5) =210 Ps, &)=20GPa, Gi = Gis = 10 GPs, Gin = 4 Pa, y= 9 om = 025 er ‘Ect bed onthe fat soder sen efaraton plate ery oe eed ode ‘tepianed (ee) inthe Ugh ofthe symety conned fo ad the rater plate Ae aoed eater the apmmetey conditions ne derived rom the [Revie ett forthe car hry. forthe sage ly care, the ated slen, hot the fom or-9) rhe the cooeiate lem ied atthe lover eft corer of the ante ae Fig 11), The salon a By (37-3) imp the flowing condone song spety lines (ory 2 = $47 9 forthe net probes tei st) = $6/%9) 405 Millon) = Milas) =9 (97 =100) e{e)2) = (8/2) =05 Ma8/2)=Se9/2)=0 (37-10) Mowers, the boundary contons on Mand Ny for he nolioer theory Ident ‘be abr” dba obs” aor ous coe aad eared Figure 8.7-18 Load-detecsion carves the bend Pipaonned pate stp wih pone Figure 37-10 Bc of fll and quater plate model. enn of» spy supported sun aniate bed rantedats) Aa 2 ry 8 Nieay2)= y= | nn it ip in the faite lemon ays ha thy ar (nag tied tobe sera beaut ($3) a ves) fe ot specie, The quarter lle wil eo pine fren My and ye more ‘este than tenn inplane fret ned hy. It shoud be ated reno i tol seve tn eon Taminne, the garter toda ge te ene ruler the sew ply ats (rth 381 oun enaions), In the above ermplet we consdete the aed pe ioe epee lige bending of rectangular Figures 47-00 and 17-2 contain he lon defection cares ctsned by op piping the aonliner laminate cnet tu sangl-rapporedrtbtopc late aed ‘ lamped ese (0/90/90/0) Tamia, epee bth plats «warm tere od tied The pty nd nel popertin wed we en Ontetopi plate: anda ithe, Anni y= 310 pi Ey = 12810 ps Gia Gay = Gy = 037» 10 ps, manen a2 (erm) = 6=12in, AOA in 2 = 182825 108 pi, By = 18918 10 ps, Gia = Gin = Gy = 03125 10 ony = y= 0805 7-1 * Pte Rent ns Posse od Figuse 81-20 Lond-deftion carves forthe beading of» snply-appet ‘unr orthaeopie pte under anor avr ood For the simply rapport orthotopic pte, te hear deformation dems eda ras that are eel! egreeent With the experineatl date ol a ‘hoa and Henney [64 whl he ce! plete bending semen wderpeicte {efectos ere for Uist late ($i abot 120). For he camped co iy isthiae, te lle ment tena re not in a gd agement wih the exe (Peimenal dua, Tht sitild to ancuraces te repeat of tbe ‘atl llores a el se the stl bawndary conte othe experi he ntopie aero pal shown in Fig. 37-22 was analy ncement repens wih lout Bode emonte and wees node We equi ofthe sl (ei). The falnwing geomet an mate1=0enn =o fades | G18) cement, The modifed Mile sathod, which automatically determines the fad cremate eed Pigee 31-22 aad nce the rls of Bathe end (3. Presse (89 Figure 37-21 Load-deflesion curve forthe bending of + clamped, esa, tyes co- ply (0/0/00/) pnt unde afore tenet ian 0 Pte Bent as Figure 87-22 Load-delecton carve fr the bendag of 1 simply-snppete, topic sper soe panel tbe fom ptt lad atthe Next, we oer a otage (45/45) lemdealed phe sel pad sim ‘iy sported a i edger ead abjeced to sso nero revere) ‘The metal ad gematte parameter weed er By ~28, By 10" pl, ng = 028, Oia Ba = 05, Gia= 01 On/s=02, ny = om = m2 R= 1020ing het, 0-508, ery (One gute ofthe al pune wt rnd wth four 9-pde shel dlemet. The rooeinenonkeen repeat ofthe tel paso I Fig 37-2,Aas Compt Laine vo Loa renaty ud igure 37-28 Loal-defesion eave fr the bending of» spy-eaporied, ley (4/58) sphere shel panel wader revere po 3.74 Buckling analyeie Another intertngeharceie of composite Laminates be thie {Brough an igenae smaly, To sel bungled le be determined from geo niear aye, where the ciel boing loud ihe tbe os the re ore thnory (ESDT) The rele we “Table 37-10 The cof se to hig aio on he dimension Soclng lente (Ry GH (Eat = Me =O of eee ‘cern piyageaze amit aclading vou bunday a Toca [ih His [PF [SSPE [SPC] SS | HG [HE 7 ror | aaa | a ia curt sam | rac | 145 | asa | ta curr | ease] 173 | sn | 3630 | sous | he example he aoe anagi (Sc. 27-2) ‘on) in aed to sop a dmg upped amine 45) ender sll iplane ned My = 1085 (N/a, wheres he non ‘mensional oe. Both tiger sad sonnear eqn eppraten ate ‘hed. The tel propertion ed lB Graf Pa = 08 5 By 65 OFa5 G/B = 082; Cur Cn nine = 0245 7 @r- ‘Altough sled form mlation ofthe busing equation ext [fa th ae, {he $5: Boundary condition ot Ee, (2.110) aned to ebuin that line ‘ot eel forte aelinear alse without medication For the manenly the boundary condilens have slow fr the applied and, My = © hay. Both the cine aap a naknens alee are perfrmed "U4 meh free node semen al plate mod nd thermal are prevented ie Fig 37-24 I the fl pate mode w and v mst be comin’ {re pine to cemove the rgd body mode in he nolnee analy. To ed ‘rcling ods proce by bth the ain and sigan sine gee wih sehen Figure 8.7-24 The pout-buclngrerpone of simpy -sppered (8-2) auae, seine gy (6) ewe wnt “The ent of oinea analy of antbaymmt con pl (0/0) seated pater underiapane oad hy = 825 (N/a) ae shown Pag. 3738. Te (ponetry sed teal proprio a the eae ota the pri expe "The sep uppested boundary condins of $51 ype ate wed with =? 0? meh fine noe ements na outer pe. Ia th coe the fl plate ad qusier late model ive the wep tela Ta erder Lo anne the eect af sober of Fayre linaten ae anleeds The vals of te ee! bekeg lad gen Uy ihe elaed farm sluone bal on the egelae snl ar saowe om the Phe Bet ae luadeection eure for emp, Teen thin hi cae the dgenraoes, [St not repent heel bucing oad a fat, here ae no apparent fat poner the laminae nalgtd Referencet 2 May, 3M Mache of Laminated Compile Sata vipa Pac anute neg Site Usiay, in tc Chagtee dando Pn EN ned 68 Re Cetin ERM 1 Reday, 3. Ny Ene end Vrainal Meltds in Applcd Mecanicn Joho ey ew ork (8)epg ie ig a eae ha Sse enh! Soomal of apred elo, 8h pp 6600) Rady 3.1 od Kb, AA “uc ad Vis eRe Ua tact ene aida 5 Nove, A. and Rey, JN, “Oa Vibration and Belg of Symmes laced Plan According to Shas Dorman Thorn artes edi, J, Am [teu to le Ftile Bement Mia, fet eon, Meth ew Yo (an; nema ens pam (199) Red, 5.8 Arle Fanti see eel New Yn (96 MsTotine FE Gs} 8. Raddy JN. and Cho, WC, "A Campa of Closed Form ad Fite ‘Bet ation of Ti Lact Att henge Pen es Bapering snd Deng, Oh py HES MET 9 Reddy, Sipe Fite Bement wih Relsed Comin for Nontneae ‘sea ten? Prep of the nt Interacting Cnfetn oo Pake meat Hae Ava pp Sows Cy a 10. Rely 14 Pen Plate Bending ent rth Avo amined ‘Skate Gonpsie ater fecal ocr ee Moses ee Been Bp. 8 i288) for Hemera Mt 11, Reda, 3. *Analsie of Layered Compote Plater Accounting fo bags DeGehiywid‘anmee Sea Sania ren dase 8 Rect Compan Macey, Ens, B' Ovn, ad Tye (Ee) 12, Red JN, *Geustially Nonlin Tanat Anaya of Lamond Com posite Plate ATA Jouralc 3G, pp BE B29 8) 12, Reday 3, My *On Raloed Compaational Mode Compute Lanta ™ Itertainal Jnl or Naat Metods m Bgicctag 3, ope has ies ’ Hap JR Th Fi 1. Babe, K. 2 Flite Blend Praedures tn Bnpnerng Anyi, Pence HUD Eagaod Gey MP Gee) 16. Ave, RC, apd addy, 8 tthe tO er Sheet Bde Gite Se ie oo biaied Com ral 2) 9p ol Ft Bonn Asp Tetersauonel Soca for ine, 3p: 1828 (TI) 1. Regu $F nd Cough, RW. “Tprovd Nureellalgrton of Thick ‘Sb Plt Een” Inlermationl Journal for Numerical Mehoas tm Bag ee eta i Raa i alerts te, ‘and Design, 48, pp. 203-222 (1978), " wha pn Me th ee er Miao tae anette Frost poker here en ie ok Pn pr ed ie ee Senile aa a ana as a feta ec i ee at fey lth oe oa rs 1260 (1890), “ Pa af 0,“ rl a ea Re Gaeta ed Fe Re at 24. Bathe, KJ, Deut, Moparts Shel Element for Nona Atnlss-— As Averett Com Piers and Sreiuren16,pp. 4896 (1983). 1, Lepiewien, 0.6 a Hilo, 2, Reduce grin, Fin Sothng ic) Towel of he Pankon Fate, 308 88 9p a Ca) 24. op Binion Bye ening, 0.0, "A Stet of Qed ib Bahag Bien dere cack tate Mee ina ha sD an Bly 3. hit Las i adel Sr acta a, oe et ae inns E, “The Fit leet Anal ofHomogentos and sed Cornponie Pit Uncen Single Hiher Order Theor Comm ‘sons im App Namen edad (2) py. 217-28 (180) > use tena ie SQSe Sain sind Reddy, 1, N "A Mined Piie Bement te Analyse nein ddseien in Avpace.Srctres, Mater ond aetna ara eaAnas of Compe mia “ Dynanicy, U. Yaceg (Bis), ASME AD-06, pp 1-9 (1988). Bt, Paha NS sand Rey J 8 Refird Mise Se Fle Fails Bie {ere 9 (2h pp. 609098 Cn). Come 232, Pathe, N.S. and Red 1. “Sibi and Natural Vibration Ae erated Pa "land Blane ‘Busd on ‘Ther Yournalof Sound sol Vibration 304 2) pp. 236 20 18, Reddy J Ny “On Mited Fle Element Formulates of ight Order The pf amp Cine oe ment Metiedy or Pend hl BereraE Ha Heh td Ho la) Pts Pow UR ‘ments Based on = Groerilied Third-Order Theory" International Journal Jor Neer Wedd Enpeering, 83, 9p. 154 181 (1002) sang etna tlk Wat ta Mi et at, saat ay 7 ebbing D. Hy nd Reddy Lea tae Isoral or Nemeral ettods n Engineers, 10, pp. 200231870) “Mor on Opti Stes Points — RedocedIntepaion Dent od Bot Beant” Ieeraioal Jur! for Momence pp eet Ce BMCGrawih New Sia had Toon nt amen Mead Yee tan Modaling of hick Compas Ying» i! Inlet! Sourna for Neral Metis he Slulin of Saappig nnd Bch 1 pe Sve SEE 4 Gis M, A, “A Fast Incremental ert Solaton Procure the Han ‘Ee Soap Tinaogh” Computers end Srl, 13; p. S082 (8). a progr erg, Bertin p89 (1081. pa lm eos er |. Chao, W. Cand Reddy, JN "Asap of Laminated Compote Shay Shag Nosgatitel S22 einen Yatemainal Yoel for Nome! ‘Methods in Bayiecrng, 20, pp 1901-2007 (108), 45, Reddy. 3.N, and eggs, PR A Mined Updated Lagrangian Fepulton Seats fara fgets katy and ese, 3. Nand Roy 8, Mon near Avago Aabeialy nce Lt shai 35 yp 1-12 (8 1, Lino, CL an Red, 3-N "Contin Baye Send Compas Shell * Bee senate, Neca RGAE ATMA Harel De oo seo (58) “Grd hh a td rg eerie tetrad 140, Enghlom, J J and Ochoa, 0,0. “Taaugh the Theos Streu Distib, {io fr tanked Plies of Adweped Coote Maley" Interatonel ‘etre or Nemec Metad u Bgiecring 3s ph. STSBATT6 (1). 20 Ry 3.NA Neo Spm Cone ny he Tne Reps eaitaneiatly Cates Aaleteopie Baten Interaienal fsa or ‘Namek Meteds we Bagieroy 30; pp. 11618 (1980), 1. Pagan, N-3,*Esae Slatin or Comporty Lamieates in Cylindrie Bend ESE earn of Gomponte Matas Srp. 996°01 (eT) 52, PagaoeN, J, "Et Slaton fr Rectang Biietonal Composites nd ELEGahal ital Sara of Ceapnte Matern pp. 3058 10 « ended Jit” oC, and Chin ty “Hoa Aap Compete Lal? AA ara 280 9. HOTS 4 Zag 5, A. apd Kennedy, 3B "Nonlin Bebvior of Spmmetily TaBsncd ice Joemal of Appcd Mecha, 48, np. 20426 (191) 88. Bathe, KJ and HU WE. "A Simple Petve Fleet fo Bette Gi State Conpatre sd Scary, 13pmChapter 4 Failure: Damage Initiation and Progression 1 Introduc ‘Under vervice onions, united composite trctrsdelop mati cri, Sternmiisdetond, ber acre, and damnation ‘These elects, wick ‘have perms! lot of ntegiy wih the daa, ae termed dame ad ‘hey rer inthe Lv offen tnd erent ofthe material. Ae srr the Ioud-aryngcapaciy andthe service Bs of i rata ede When © ection athlon carryingcapaciy of the amine In erder to deterine the lod carping eausiy and wen We of «corpoie ‘este ite sce lo pede the tion and erltion of damage a the at ecade, considerable progr at Been made in understanding be {sition ae elton ef yous damage moder Bot this sadertending bee ‘eon lnited ts simple gooey aed loti enon Bese, och ofthe ‘seach as bonded towards unerantig the eck of on ted damage de suck we ui aching or elusnain on tee srengih Sed STULRe. Ret elo flee developments ie peed hee Muses and Reside [aed Highrth end Rane [2] petormed bath cxperinetal ad ra {he foc reduction f emporio. They deve ‘earlag model, which ae sep dtermion ihe plane erent normal othe ‘String capac ofthe enced pips compated nd the sate modu ofthe ‘faced pi reseed conropndingy. The dail laminae sly rdsnc of Compa Lei Tae [84 wtd »connauo approach in which the cache are considered ss micrntrcieral te wth teen charcerin Me Senoped = at of [SUE nln) ines ft sifae cuneate aed {Ear ealnown envania The enbnews csane ae deacedenpeinentaly Hush [aed eatinal appronch oped the ifn reduc ‘mat encsing in apenmeti cn ply laminae nde tena nd npn het Ieeding. Aamir ystems blk ly gale Intra colon are conareted ad the acl cf nian complementary ‘ergy it epleyed fo fd an optinal pproniaton, The ile edurion Compe ete te dimensional se fds ined by he predae Daniele a [6 nvesigaed the progressive mate carcing af crm ly coupe arias bth snalpcly and experimentally ‘They developed sed far aations fr the mata crac ena, ses daibtions and reduced srr came sa nell to the tin ina at fenton applied “The fect of dluiationo tian and tengh iota wl undraod ts the feel of matte cracking. Ment ofthe flr in the aes of delamination 1 desedtonads pedcting tention and growth of delarinaton, Ose ogy flere fr fe sndy of edge eon ft ‘pote laminates rbjected to tenn, banding sod aon ond. Retder eC [3 steed the sean of delusion fo les dmage moder rah ‘Stati caching and fies brenage in qui nlp gephile/epory lame ‘They Sound that dl ‘hee dimeanoo! sate of ser end compen corily, we routes fur analy tcgoe that ean eptre bot alae Shdintrarnarstes compenntennd low or bests fia damage ower the ptt day analytic Uchsiqets staat hele the combined fc of varias dinage odes cing concent on eompeste rele wit Suplx configuration subjected lo tonbine Ineding conditions, The tak be ‘ne eve mare complied fone ha ak name rei nde de ns Pa: Dane iin en Pin o procming hema ldig ad eters sheepict. Thr, ove it fo ‘ast tonne tecelqae seh a he Bite Cemetseiod to be abe So predi hflare bea of compote tracers erat igure 41-1 Various fre a dierent sealerith nto ad progres “oat ‘es the bjectivein to pet the fale ebro of erat debug (ce Fg. 42-1) be fastore (ee Figs 42-1) + plhnt (ee Fig. 42-1) 4 aie crac (ace Fig. 2-2) Dati crak are the nt cmon ofthe al fiuresbecaue the seneth ‘Ge omni conieaty ler tan that ft esreng tere‘ nest plac ee we ot cof te pte wie they age The tne begs yt owe “cles te lomnae | |these polonn Hoven operons Sell be Selgned to ere sich Interac fas fst and how ihe progana anf, Such en approach ay Pro ‘de wlionalwndesanding abut te ete! ofthe ddlamiaton tat, an wth ‘ek a wadertaning a tecbte matheatel mol mye al fet oly serie eee inlining ition abot Sus er ppd By og tthe ploloeare of te ogo dag th cag Side moatinaie trustee eects Aa Figure 4-9 at hes pl Bnd lingo cren-chon eein nite cel be xen the nati dig of he ian tent ih ure anon ec th ty of lain ‘en ae ind the pctonr ofSnaton goth il leat eta ee tbe date sae tbat 8 qer oo al ‘en of th ager. Ou experince net STS ata Stedoed met of ther deforms ly wa i] Te the ajo ct delaisnsione SERTL Thol he or an waloeed edge a ‘Wide atest denson hare that singly (le game sat) flse Smee werk fate te age roparne iarerds Losi, ot Inf thi gronth: Honever, te adde Sok ean ea grote Tn compete materi Cy (Gow along weet Grecian, athe Ghtnieaton owt cromet © BD Uncestnals Te ay be appropiate ok eo dimen ‘ecade af in energy ree en aren Sinha te wae he Samat growth within ain Tint ghctst then the dent ree ply th ena eecy relent sao gee monn nde, moreresingtloStermi he chge ASSNSGaegy ot otal lina with apt othe onde eymeneie every laminates | typical exanple of damage ecumulaion provide yw aymmesi on phy ne Ge schng sopra astratesWilantly The tanec ak gations cionge th Ima sao ecmsiened er er ene londig. Figate 42-7 dpi {ext efants(j00/0(0) amit pled long the geo degree nmin. EES Coats ef the tage the Jud eto ev wall hat mati ane eee ata the yes, Thee mate rch cols fr a8 Test rean and popes to the (70) intercr lime aon These sheets fr te ‘ana begeeralied wenn epee nent eh other, ves 9” ers areata ifereer on how tbe demons protec EENTalec ood texted For example, nlninate ni oe danmintirn, whch es notes fay yer operated tc ith layers rospedlogethe. In he ete where al 0" ayer ar placed Lge, the late ae 2 amioats subjected to inglanecomprestve lou exit farther compli tiga inthe or elaine bachng (oe Fig 42-8), I cnn aleton cf lumine apa fom fhe leminae ad undcgetecliog vest, the lager car fe buclng (se [e]) This phenrens nalosbersed a ‘jected to pact eae, The impact lends aly cece trate Ake opps side Gor the ad applcation. An exelent exempt ares ake Slt ithe ballet (we (16) Te dee which the tlle x lye ‘daplay stanoaepreeoce of tablaninate ooation and bonding noes the damaged/peeiated ste. Ty genta pala ad bes do nt ext Up ‘al trcarel Gackngbabasioe ite ny tnd te fal kre eine gon ‘rowth th tin of abandon flare odo Fare 42 8 The lo//4/50- haf Pr: Deag itn sl Prgrsion 43 Failure criteria 4351 Gen ‘A deste in Chapter 2 «Ii i red tobe bomogenout en the chanel behave chraclezed by wo of euiae or ec mal nd ‘ength proprio. There proper ca be based else ya macro mechaet {aprons or by 4 phenomensagea spproch fe the rlcromechansseprenh, min properties ave predict leme of the execs (Aber, mals) Property uring» matberate rate nthe penomeclgeleproeh the Ihnon properties re deternedexperimstaly by condetng lens on» npc Inns or elute ‘Once he rechasclpropetin of the ply ae haown the ntl are of the ply nin laminate o racue can be pelted by spring an appre {Bla evtarion The sbreqent lure rdictionrequier an ardetandng of Suma modes and damage becemalation. A bie deuion om miu damoge ‘Dede, dagenecamlation sd flr ete pratense ‘A dace Section 42, damage mod ae dependent on nding aking sequen, and specinen gery Thee are many popored there o pred {he ota fave ad th progresin (oe [1-25 The cin fem rack utaal mens nena impo, yt thereat sme valet fenares tha oe te lok rate ha eating tee lone olen eare Sng the at" Hence an ncurteKinenate mode othe laminae necery to determi: {Mree-Simewsoe estin Rls dal speaking, 430 or eyerwae moda ie doinaie Th ie cn ly ae i i et smn mega ts rca Sei eye he nb he ane Seer eee tebe ied terete in beget tene Sizetsagc bwin cig nts ene es SSUSEEISTRE Gece pe ces oN Eeaa eesy y ed gh iw the extent af the damage and enact endef fate at tt sage Thos by reducing the mate steer bya ceri amount ne ators the et ‘Latics, The sine rfarion i tarded eat within oer aol Witla 2dna of omg Lani 2 single Site ement at sled iteration points. ‘Th, lifes reduction IDhde pin ier an tt ae ante a diarag a ete layer, Maio ‘Beeson of ite reli proedare gen a Chaplet in obtaining sremes fom strana. The toajor laminae reese sad 1 shouldbe noted hat the fare sien ie wed nly to check wheter slower ae exceeded Inthe crea deaminainn, the tlre lion can ‘inet bended lo the Lnemate model thee etaonal nado, 1 Gitron forthe qroth of delusion a teased. Ofen ruc eleron ‘pts The acare mechani one fo dy rack rom ae primary deraped {St heomogeneus trope ei yin Ths te etre mecenerconcele ‘hou ty bomogentton donot bol fo compost atrial aan. Pale citer for compost material cet be cased into two groupe (et funy, nay (Soden Stare tee sd (8) polyno aes eon [Ther ae ned lowe 443-2 Independent falar eieria ‘Te simu sleet en simu nasa long to ticle. ‘he maser cen, lures meuied tocar yoo of he wing, ‘ncn nested n2Xra2e m2 Ye, 2S way eran hve (on on on) at the nora Sexnponeti, (ey Ye 2) ae tel the (12a rection panes, reopectiely. Whe ( emul ih es Yoh it sme exponent 6 8) ae shear tee oral eeaqin is tenwon(F) oe at, they shoal compre (C) fatowing eondon are eed a2 ke a2 ke aah a2s 43-9 aban aah (2315, 12) planes rexpetey. When (ye) ae eg femmpated wilh Eso, Yo, Zuo, which ae normal eee ‘Soop the (129) crectacn 43-4 Polynomial filare criteria The mt general plsomil flr ctein for compete materi the tear polyol cin propor by Tea]. All eter pelgnonlfluse ‘Sans degenerate aes lees, In inden aban, he tem ay act e+ Fa cx mor ex am, sf Pie tfyniessafunes2Fuei Fuel (ates Furh Fuad + Rosh Punks 21 (3-3) at, Parca cae ofthe above citron are dicate bon. ‘Maximum stress (polynomial) eierion ‘The maxima det een ‘an ano be epreed we enor paloma eteon we (ou > Kaos + Keon — Yolen + Yow talon + Ze) (ee Rout Roe = Sheet Skee Ther +T)=0 (434) Comparing Ba, (4-4) with Ba (43-8 and ignoring the higher order ter toih he eqston, we stan HeAna Comp Lanier be bs Fane ha ———— ried (Ge ae “36 ya BB ay Fy 1g Set, Sue tt Sh "The remlning sent conte sot Sa * nae +P apag a (sats 1) tt ‘Mazimam strain (polymomlal)eiterion The asin tae eitron 1 (Sia Sit) papa 3 (SaSin Sa) (ua cea becponed er not papeeah etn: 2 (Sse Sa) PAG (SS +R) at (aan (Kala + Xela Yala + Vea ~ fare + ee ‘gga min Sew he emgnt oma mai a= RXe4 RNa SMHS THEO (43-8) Sapte tops he 128 dee BST othe Sa seen ie abd Fy FF ce egren ‘lng ihe cmpnce mala th cnine ran ec be expe Ba IBLF Bl tn eae, gn he adn (43-6) in the form of equation (4.9-3) aa: vs +) GY -Gie dh Bno- (Bred Bon “Goi pene GG) GI en a9 Hofias’s criterion Holman’ clon in expreed as S82, Bi Sipps Mpans Sa fate Ra ret tnt Braet — a ett fund ted Sn 1 S21, Safa 1 Pees xeke ' Saino Sh. Erde 3) rent ) 4 ($3883) rent‘Teak Wo'ecitesion ‘The Tas: Wa cileron a given by as-19) aay erp 3, Broo X,Y Be depeting wen tein oy y anon, ‘Tipsy Sng ens bth cent igre ye-z) + Sgt sa) + --Hf+e- a) (aay ‘A othe reg entree ee ser onan's isin is spc et the lator poyooaletton a the fatowing dc ofthe perme Fd Fy | fan} (exe Hive ize) B94 pre we) fer i(iae tiers) = (ter strength eto tem te wee Hiashin's criteria The crite evewed shove were eiginaly developed to pred fatal flrs, wibort sega to the mode of aut However ‘ecm year tha extant have ben tl wed to deni dannge modes oe Fay eh 2 sggetd wot flere cen tht bare beste pret ‘Soda of alee. Pete ae ecw bere. ier etre ‘Tea 3-15) here Oia mda nd bie waa ction a Mate fire (otal + anyCompete (43-1) Deleniatio rough the hilne (y+ Roddy and hs cage cs hen delrmetion thoy with vor Keema Recently entserty [9 The rrr ofthese il be dened inthe nq Ap ‘lation af he fle eter eid bere fer he pedis {nl proses flr adn te proven Chae Retr Mae. Bad Ree Ly he Sonponte Meter Fb ‘eso Mater, Pedi pp. 062 (989 Hoc Ae td any Ly “en Reon Mein ‘Ttnbaten? Demage Li Nem Soh ot Seared tanta atts Near Pans hese (1982). " ™ “ca Ry eS Poperes Cad Compote Lint aka Pee ar Fen x Bun , December 46, 188 a ‘Tae. Trane Cra and StfoceRedeton i Composite La inate Seal of Componte eri, 19, pp. 855 (198) uh 2a Cd Lao A Yate Ap? Me ‘nes of Mtn opp. 6 Sy as mara a ty sive Tasers Cracking of Comply ponte Mate 34,96 Ve Eh 4 Deselopnent ip Compote Laminates SP Compote Tekacoy ke Recah characteriion of Dslamiznion Ona end Growth in» i Reeder (et tladepie pps abot Bien, 7K opts asates Bomege te Compete Materia SEPT, ames Sey oe Testing Melee Ger (Odes, 7, “Anup of Lea Dlaniaton and There fasaceon Com ponte VanialeSebsron” Betmtacin and Deonday of Matric STP Bi Sat Eh Sty eng stoi Psd Lin onthe Tee Strength of Ure weg te) pny taminate Proven oe BESU SUE Son Gelces om Erneta chewy, Pa | sla awa (ESA, Srocidd Geter GT), pp. 28625, (82). sip tasigm choi pp. tont05 Gey i: "F Compontent hep, Ba aH, cg a a Be ym 101 at ne WW *Deasinaion ‘nau ge Cn Cea "AStTid STP 617, Ausecens Society fr feat ing and Muri pp: 9-105 (97). ‘ton 0. 0; Aken. ¥.,and agen 2, "Thermomecare Be ‘pont Snel pt rag Ropan HP, ae AE Uni Staton, FX, Marc - con, 0, 0. and Moors A “A Pare Study of Sin Pagy Release Reterar arate aninss? Feral f Bempunte Sst Ms pe 18 Geshe ‘eo, O, 0, and Roche, P, "Damage Teeane of Campsite Tubes Under Cotpemive Lending Jour of Corpse Saco, 1 pp. 3000) eddy, ad "A ig ly Palaze Ana of Corpse nite Computers tod Sete 38 (Oh pp ES edly ¥.$. Ny abd Raddy, J. Ny “Linear and Nor-lnear Fale Any ol barat Lassen a, Naatvne Sher” Gomponies Sees sad ‘etna 44 pp 2-258 (198), eh fa 3 yh ti See Sea die eee a Sooper ea Sanita, R S..°A Sure of Fle Then of tronic and Aste2. Tal. Wy *A Srv of SP fede epon, AWE A Comparative Sty of Failare Envelope in Com nal of Retnforced Plantes and Compostn, 9 (1, Po 2. teh, Pale 0 ‘ad Blaney, 47, 9p 38-54 (08) 2, Soi 8. Rs "A New Lec at Commonly UaedPulure Theses in Compoe plane Aa by ASCE Aa ase a tty Stet 25. Repea, .P, Redy, 3. and Keight 2B osbacing Repoe Teli Peedi of Fat ectagalar Urpatte pony Piste Lendl Sic patna dice Conte, Apel 1,18, Bale MDs poperteniaksianioce, wn “ue Us in fr Unidrctional Capoten” earl of dy Additional Papers on Fllre and nrensive Palure Stud 2% Poy PH and adapt, M, yA Mood ef Peicting the Nowloar ‘hse Lamioted Compo! Journal f Compote Melons 3 tsa ‘Avena {Proc 7 ai fate ta'Siete Cater Augae 1618, 12), 2 Hera ede) Pergason Pian Sew Yor pps H-as (383), 2% Tu SW. and Aut, VD, MSirngth of Lamond Composite Moe” AIL soaaah's (pp. 26-301 (Re. oe). Hod and Chg KY Pepe Dannae Mode La eps Cag Sas Coca Ia of Cg ‘0. Chang. K., Lesa Ly and Tg, 3M, “Compre inet coi ter Containing an Open Haley SHMPE Qe 4. Haho, Mt anda Wh, Nina Ele Behavior of Uniesonl (Compo Catster? Sousa af Chops Matera Y Gulf 1 232, Yea, Bnd Su, C7, “Fallore Stegth of Nealealy Batic Com ie Haminnien Gotalnig Pin Landed se? Joornl af Conpesis Me fal (Sly 1983. 33 Tan 8. 6,4 Pr peng! Jura 2, Response cf La ei 19, (ly ove Pulte Moda f Compote Lainaes Cuan of Comgonte ety pp EST COS Chapter 5 Case Studies er me dc th ee of speci capone stactarl potent pur, Thcbietve af thn ne sae ne bring ot ere ye sch ete sppy to tat partcalar poem, they are wll in he 5:2 Modeling of delaminations around losded holes 5.24 Praliminary comments ewe tae ole anton of Se pay pain pen lectured tom diferest types of prepreg, ke fom tape an fabric. This {iftones inte linn antec leer lle protewson and therfore wg i afte Ae tbe {seen each af th 9 nS 3 (22.86 om 4.8 et tnt coupon Ta me spacers he ble are dildo peecon tn they ar fered tm “entra” TSIM tes he ese feed bac dla(20) ar oa od bal Shean athe ale Dai Fat Sie Figure 6.2-1 Ding inde fatne ble amination Prope] TP Tape iy Fate | oyasoy—ssyossisuy— aso, | =ts) B Bia (1685 GF) | Se Ms 54 & lagsstanicre) fase aas crn oa 30 (53 GPa 04 Mi (53.0P4) widen | agansinGa2d.mmy — | ott ia 178 am) | ‘Table 6.22 Pin easing State Tet Hever Contd Coup 36 AN) | 188.MPa) (15648) OP Pabic stants | 24S Kal | 200 be resaamy | cea mrs) | (stasy A plutorap af he bling oy epresingtln mate logis i ronal le 43h Thera pt ia modi he ed ame nec fn, in edition tthe caupuny and wher place oe pin with various lod di {ERlainss suchas siuna on found fhe scanence of the tle [a he aon ofthe ys esate bya itt Jud pp to cota tietac ‘Thar rier than naling hep al, the ets of the peodae omg Lait im 1:24 Simulation of damage ster ‘Taeacualdamagesoacs eed by dling hare ben documented hough the seo bth X ray and alrasoni Caan eh they ae found to be of diferent ‘ie ape und length Thi eter conplet ian the development ones fel As na approscatin th daring opin ta neface edt be ‘eal, witht ner Gnsetr being the date of thei. Two lective ‘Titadeallon tae Smears of 18D! and 2D are staded” From te say Sf coupon thn een the del ext nde cntined detaniated layers. In the numeral ode, the hanged eon co tbe betom sds o dll ec de ofthe coupon ar iv sie hin beaded o undamaged ayer the modal By By aad Ojala damaged liye are seca tolow valence the actual magus of the od a the knaged ntti ar a own, alae of 100 pu (689. 109N fon! in ed Aeapproimate owas shows in Figate 82-8, ona C repent the 15D diameter egion, while zoe represent tbe 20D region. Cane A repent the region of the coupon ch, ia ths Heal ae, romaine wchanged fr ‘team wane mh to represen! ne damaged ead wdamaged coupons. eset I Bvaad'd regen satuaaged mata prope in the ode pera ‘upon with ented bler, Motel tht represent 15D delamination ron re ‘Gestedby aigningusdamaged tei propre (sons A and Dead reduced ‘atrial propane sone ©. Silay the 20D dlaninton raion ea Uy analog undamaged atesl popes to one A aad reduced properties 10 wou Baal Figure 62-6 Defsion of deamination oe, ‘The modes presented shove ar o-dimentioal ear spratinations ofthe slater eevee the coupon It ed tht fh abomopeey fe dela ‘ated mater the drmged zone round the hele 28 seurtely opened lement sade the ssumplion of Foes wane chara Sse he {Mesaph the hens nave sec, which sal be cel nat the ble gy ot incldel In this planar model. Deptetheveshorcomiegs, hee {dimen mods give fight inl the condos uroundig the ele Figure 62-7 lplae normal tue, contr hough he thickens er 1 sly tape a tas) Page 2-T ttn age non can fhe nan ne i he ie boundary deci in taf the gin tn the Bplay (0/45) = joan) 45/00), spe ae hewn in ign, 82-8 and 32.9 ‘he bt Setee el Pyare 82 taken the wes dsb fons wih conta tnd, 18D and 20D daerinstions diag latigue loud. The ste datibuton ‘t1 contra eapen subjected to state fee fond waa shown Nate that he ‘Mrce intro aminae 12.18 for ASD aod 20D ben Tis enon eteAs omg Leitn tw led with he dil ent ie with delaminations whee vey low medal values ‘reuud. Aa nce Inthe tage of he compre aden een hecred ie lamsar and It im epost wih ddaminntion, Mure 82-8 end 5 tte te ibe of stesaound the befor specs wih om tel hele and LSD deaminate vue eapectv he ference in the contour tote ar ted tothe inner of he slated backude damage Similar te ee preset f Fgh 2-10 fr the Lp. (0/9)) oapons ie bathe nla scenes ate ich sme he fae coupons vere the coups: This cots te experimentally ober peso ‘onfgartin provide more enone to ddutoaion (oe Tale 8.23). Figure 82-8 Contl hl: see (on) cantor in he op ayer 0") 18 iy 5-1 Introduction elses Sls for lon crrsing members ener coos A snes, toni Larne Wining te ceo gnome ser met ‘oka one car aad pees Piura 8:29 15D aes ae (cnt in htop tae (0) 8 py i (eniated in demented trou the hl)Asa Compe Lani M0 ‘The pest aucun wil cus on the sadly of fat teal coupons with ‘aul atu aad abated pal witha eatot ith web set [12.13 ‘Toe matel seen aed a MI/9712, wih the flowing proper: B,=1008 GPs, By = 848 OPs, mn = 0325, ‘Theat ching eqence fr he (0/88) ~ 85/0) (0/851 ~48/90n (4/~ 8/0/0)r 0.0, 53-2 Computational modele Paracel ae sedetahen to refecthe deena Ia the alecton of Dag Pred oth Figure 6.3-1 Th dght-sodad sll and tweny-noded brick elements ight node shel sleet wth edad integration SUR, aod wid lente ih tent nodes, CBDEOR, re ed om the ABAGUS element Hoary. The ‘al cemest bare degen eer per node eum, the dla Snovitonea prettier. (ne ig 16-1), There {he eae often aed rain are crrapalated fom tention pinata the tren: Bel fener snr oe inte in the fora fa vey ‘i the fat order her defamation plate theory. Te sold seat prevented In Bigare 63-1 eo qundraie operatic vend clement One so, aly ih integration poet fr the Figure 5.3-2 lob to lc tranformation “Two-dimensional gh node eleents with reduced integration ee uted o catate the in lane stese aad sain rerponae the tet toopone wih hes ‘Sgoel estote that ae Dur tothe bata n= fous wire gn he dated ee ld then ofthe eat se song ibe ratin and ite nterpne mcs demesne: Brett ‘nlf ily dln nd lng he wah aa grade ee, se obuan (Bs Hy). Tha the src nd cay eed the mae ‘odes ake on 19/6 whee ¢ ithe magstude ofthe wnformlydsribted oad SET the will fc seta‘When igh stra ceionsare ened at paral loeton, then tat en Inswnaied with ers tna twenty sode ek crenata ad ‘Tis agpronhincesses the eficeny a the sirlation since nl pat ofthe to diocac md incocedrtetr: innsatsas cnet InipIaterpstptetalalace moder, gore 62 Monae the gobltea ‘ie boundary coon fr the thee dinennal ron ate oianed om the dplcemeno he two-dinesonal global medal Hower cae shal ue ‘ton in sowertng heal dpicenent ld to boundary conn | rominraragt ‘per Iain, ten the onset posed by shel inet Figure 6-3 at atin pa. Nest we consider the reaont of a-eieed panel of Figur 623 with « Sf the in ight lading incarted by lien wing i Shel cents t Set in he” teddng tvoughou the truce The skin configuration ft (6) fel hf “ania The ane ee The estot ih peiinoed 701mm rom ach panel se aie oad 4 enclose pane. The Mange lfc with plein other wordt apap (6/04/1708) se ‘The flowing oburaton ce bated on invengton of fat coupons wi "The in plane srw asa tered by mryng the eahing sequence nae, For earpe the mages of oy sath O° leper iret Teds we Matalin Figure 8.4» fein a he engl peso, ts The anule patio ie marred eoaler ocr fo he ices uk aac by 1H ioe bl he (= had BEST fore Fr00 “1080 900 000 weve 360 180 a a 7 40 0 970 30 GULARPOSIION AROIND CUTDUT (de) in fern ou aout the clout on O py for msi Inman and 0, erular cates 1 ester thatthe sre intensity around the entoutwitla each ly Increases nie ie ofthe ett Forte 0% elas ae (erne fom 635 ‘enn BS wm dance) the sea res eB fry the yond 7.3% fo en Inthe OO ply. Tis repo dco the at tat the eutuare cer tpecinen Stee costou llsSeemirton lacy Rpr ty which s cempesion of tbe wrour geomet smadc. The tem concencaon rie ae tbsated fo he Oy 4) 5 er pein Tale 3 lee inteeting to ot the Nae i the £45 pee face Bigher, tbe ee dtignetron al bard on te sere a yan a stent nthe BO ly. al ply, apparent ha ihe best ce Fer cgi shape woul be gure sd —45 Iyer and (og) 8 [Coat Stage [0 [5 [es [oo Gear | 25 fos feae | 255 squnre | 248] 202 [321 | 222 Dinnena_|.15| 743 | 3.00 [3.25 igure 8.2-8 Ste (e,;) contour for circle caloat in (0/4/ = 45/80 Intlatn sede ene ond. (o) 028m ext 0) OTE Figure 5.3-6 Sires (2) contours of 0.25 in auarecatut for (0/45 — {5f00), amit ser ten ondFigure 53-10 Stee (7) conte in 45° py of 05. dlarond exon in hat itera we fee shold be aigeed withthe pina esa (eiglare nied 4 tartan an) proven to bea efit Gypmcening metho In generate proesng of rarboreerion copes er, ‘The he ete hese (pth tempera of wea ‘tue deny fhe stuctoral component ectnved. Stinageobvered sing {oboneaon ofthe mais ard veda stenes produced daring weve eee ‘Tatiteation and bentng ssl eminte stich enh bo see chs ‘hl nek nef bond, Tere are ary interact inn woven compete at [Sr sMeted nny, betwee he Sbee ad tit ios banda bates andl ‘et betwee ayer, od the provene of tn exdeion protection cole adds at ‘inna ite (ee 161) Therlre,tn importa to anes the tla tamintebolre ches areal erieone sre appa Ie epopet, fe tarune tha the bore led etree me al erent fe, weak ont ‘maybe bench Lecnume lhe va rch poopgaion td Ut dla encase ‘Or tc oter dhe nak Gonder rs low seat oul of be rst ‘sit ell (orn cepeeaentativevoume) of the laine Since the ‘Shevraton avng scrote eect ne ple sts me tnay dale ‘rwagh te dopth onal be soeeed,Thrcnes(wodiwesons et cl ny fe deteloped bed on SUS oberon inte ethoowal planes the ple of {hd lane hough th tice (ce 9) of he alate “The trodimesional wit ell. Feeted in igure 1 Nae ta he te hee reflect the eal of abla en tleeon micrnope (SEM) oberane deboede nd mene eaten ue. ‘we wll une nomerical simlations of the anit eal to iuatcate the changes in the 5.4-2 Numerical models and dicusson of the revue The altel echt peeseated here et the conten interatio tt ell whe hae thihnes fm sng ayer (ee 2} The tel fap sated by unre tha side of 250 ph quarter rd! the ellFigure 4-1 Wore enna parameters +474-+-4--4 a Figure 64-2 Fite denest mah of the wit Since the material pea the rononer ein oni of warp and fl yea ti relates omepesran opel ible mater, The aes roperien ‘the tule cotoeetchon at alent be thane o's spray onesie (atari However; these alae cunt for the inbene of oe ei angle ‘The dobod in the iil elcaGonn ened tron croc ete “Doble 64-1 Mates prope wed the ui eal ipeet ea‘The furode traverse shear defamation ball element, $f ARAQUS ogra Bary, eal forthe mod The Sete has st dees af ee ‘m,n dpacements and thre roan, pr node. Bilneattnerpllion ‘ec ae nacd or the dipleemente Reduced aeyaion (Ley one pol sa) pedo cma ad anes the sgl! foe able ncreentl alee to heck frre tine ech clement lech Islgrtion pint and ssc led lend, The faire cterion bused on sows ‘ar ed ne vent fare epprepiae materiale te rece ed resale are elated quit ration a ec land nconet rated ov ror oan incementan, ce wih 190 semen aed 213 naen, Vier dglcemeate' the -eton fe ued to simulate tne ludo atthe sight edge, The seerala carves tre prevented in Figure 53. As came observed he lad earying by Algeicnlyredued doe tothe prevence aft debond ares rete lone obi infe ‘oo Figure 54-3 Guba strewn swab ie the ql Figure 64-4 See (eg) ia eit el bet to teson igure 64-8 Stes (ey) nuit ell ejected to tron,5 col _ _ je ool 2 Figure 5.4-7 Shea srt pone with and witht ani etait aprope io calelte au esc sac modules tat at ‘ena arainyr modes forlamiate anya Thanh lactve modules boc, igre 84-3 canbe interpreted a 10 Met ypin ere contours f oy oy and by arepreseted in Figures S-4 though 84-8 For the plane oro Etec of he debond on the res ibuoe seu oberved. Rote et tin shown in Figure 84-1. Sy, ‘Once man, the ceo an ole shear toda of 116 Ma i recommended (re Bigwe 8. 5.641 Introduction ere we eke sme rele for enorme compote laminae abe to mechanical thea, aol hye lone oe (2). The wna (om) ‘codons con of taper of 3 © and 1% aie barat (RN) Toe thet erin condenser 8 Cand late emit. Ae weyrmetie (Oy/4r laminae conered nd the syste (0/45) ‘eed be bare in nde fo curve the eo are ‘nee pevlormed der dileealeovonmentl condo. ‘A qun-thee dimension rite dlemest model developed by Chas and Ochoa la] ated tn ene oteninar semen, In tin wok reagan Tas ‘ae lng in the = tection (ce Figure 25 Jie wes Heer te by [Rtnateie they + plane h mode wigan eg aade opacities ‘eral men wih thee Sree of endows (were) per ode h aie aife constan wing curatre, Ky siren dastone ste symmete soe! te apne, Therfore, ease of the eimedded. Hower for oeyemelc lian he Jaana tion ahold be mold, Reged of lamin epee, the all held be med forlorn ean, The mes ted tel nt unpmrnInnaln eet wright slog he engi (ery in inal correc) Bac ayer e medled ths sole shart hrngh a {Sihaen Not ha the eigen atthe entero cut he met ‘rend athe tee ee re daafoton et ily to iar.‘ te seca (nt Oe hae ret re ode ‘The lowing trl propetn fr the IM1/97-2 gr in the canyon 2828 x 10'0Pe B= 178 x 08Pe Gu = Gn = Gy = 988 10GPs w= = vn = O35 ‘o1= 982 x10 m/a)/"C, on 9 = 1492x104 Bi, ~000(e/e)/%M, By = = 0.148 <10°* 9 igure 65-1 Sehemate ofthe file amet ode of rectangle ainats, ntibton fo (0/45) lant ebjete Ana Compt Lei rs cm san tection applet inate he tenn load, Toso lode ae apled ‘When smsltiog stain ad on emetic ail, we ore tat he‘The nesineae anes he symmaeelaninae ae preted a Figure {5-4 The get interne gor es ecur ttne 8 ielerae e tical condos Under hel/we condition, the ge Une neat ‘Sree sberved a 0/0 tear ad the large! compreniveateranine eres ‘Secure a 49/0 The Maher train sear res aca he O48 tre for bh ambien and hte condone strom dibtione oe the waspmmetie 00001 fin A heel ee the he norma seas lege maple occa ‘se afte cect (oe 8-4 ner bot wet condos, 15/4 nee ness he 0/0 atrace ene fo the hic deter tition a8 {he cline semen are realy Incretied when the hyena al 1/5 hy Figure 55-4 Itelaniner srmal sto daeibtion for (4/48) laa ‘abject toe tenn nd SS) ce ie! ane] 10/5 a (00) ore BA namin sh ate din (deb i [ected to a tension load. coe Oe wma ck 2/ pew £56 Iie srm sm btn (4/8 ine me njected to & torsion load.Anat Figures 556 and 55-7 conn plot of the ntelaninar tanner sndtrar dre inbalos or he Uneme anata The high poutine ‘atlaar neil enous at the 0/0 tarot seat to he tp ere Under the bl wet conditions tere gener ners th see The bighet [nteranina shear rest overeat he abner igen ferns ‘test observed opm tn ofthe ygrothemal pdlets. Thve tana ‘iene be torso etme, herve sing leting, when the Pre ‘mal pedal sv spp con be siad lo hr nese in teranon ses. , 104/45 gy : foe Figure 6.5-7Iniearivesher tee dtbatio fot (04/84 eaten rod tos torson Figure 55:8 preset the intelaninar steer fr the aye laa ‘The nna inten nual ore atthe 45/45 trace weny fom fhe midplane Adeltion af he bole condo revs fan apward tit {Be cave: The mation faleslasionr shar ecar atthe 4/0 avert Tia tren nce ane of tet 5/0 ater and desea the be 48/0 Intern hen the hygrthermal grein ie pp. Nove tha thee wet ‘Snibsoneare mame rte near shes Se ad aise ot ‘Melntrtanias somata This matty elo whe the hte nine i oh haa a aly og Ne, igure 65-8 Inti tes dbaion fe (0/4830 Ineo ae (04/3) a ermbjected From shite cmt els we cas cacre sve rend. Foes ‘elamioatesbjeed ocr tetin or ason the fe dibaon eer ‘ymmetic er antsy fran uy ania hey te women. ner terse, the hyrtherea nde nse cet the trae het stem The high atetanns pv se in be symmetric to tension leds to eatstohie bee flue. Unde tation, the hygretbereal leads eute a pres ine Intevamaon oval senna ihe robes et nese lalate. Nate thal these ede foc othe mateo tad Tending ade nthe pres ample 5. Flea ply fu 5.61 Introduction alysis of composite laminates The dig of compose structure eqire prediction af the masin load ‘hat slamiate can whiand bere ie Allheagh the Hereare i ch in linea lati analy of compote seston net eh progress hae bese ‘pared on unite or sunt ehique forthe are nip isc ilar rete nae ahi {he fat pillar sapere a compote onan eebeted to one 24 bending lode. The geet oninnay nthe tem of ton Kt fos ‘ee 24, Bp. (24-9) an anvee shear dear et he enc ‘it oder nematic nt odd. The lear reviewed nee pargrnh Drovkons behgroued ort ied.“The asso of analysis fe ut plc ede were preted ty Taney 09} frapmetdc and uasymmse sept Ison nh ply sopprtedSoandaryconiione Th areltalsltions are bed 98 Hed thederder eal defection laiated plate theory [The at fae ‘Semen! procure othe preition of et py ture lof compote aint {ated to travers Sdn plane (Une) laning wes reeled by Rey ead Pande [ff has eady, he eof geome nonneaiy wan ol ennered ‘Davey snd One [3 praeted eval forte Spy roan emponte [nase abject to anlar travers lan, fang geometc neler {athe saya they hve onde ne fe Dyonae Retention (D1) ee 1 Gosly Sle analyse cased ont by Rey and Reddy (29) andthe Aluplucemets and svewor ae computed ing the Hate element method, Ta esse ti sud ave cuted hee {5.6-2 Problem desertion at etangl laminae of dnenton in. x in, and mado T90/5208 saphtepany tei eeealae for Ba ly tlt lads hola oft a sm with tee lion nbemes ae scalpel Std, eames) salrmlydibted reser lad (2) eoncentaed tase fet Jd ating othe cea othe lt and (9) inane tne oad ating, he har oar of heath lly apie od gd a resented in Chapter (See, 3), the flowing tve aur eteriaynuely ‘masmam 2-D arin (independent) (2) msi sein (ply) with Simeon state of ssn, tad (8) suaaam tain Gndpendet) with 3 Slimenlna staf sian are bed (9). The dimensional sae ota illred by racing the conden fnetesby of teeveee nn hich Sis ivan in desig he ft onde she deeraton theory [4 (om See US) the preset etason oben the wrk eprted i ‘The dinlocmet fie ement model of the St order shee delormaton plate theoty deranged im Chaper 3 (le se [3-37 sed athe rapa Te ost of Lagrange nara rectanglr element it ve depee af ee fim (20,0561) pernode. Reduced integration ied fo the her sifees {eto shear aking The Hewion Rapbaaneton procure wel to ave ly Galle analyse ‘The Se ly fare ane ie bse onthe aeurption tat» given ply will fu ce flue Soden, Ft any polo itis the ly each eae of ai he lve inden deoed nt Fm Fig Ryo, (ee Soe 4-2). The Sr iy fore lod eampitation tthe nee frmlatin dee not Peque a terse 0-8 Procedure fr procedure athe aoctinesfalure analyser eration i requled. The itp med inthe erative procedure ete bere Sep 1 Find he aaplacement Std (4d fr Stop 2 Fin the sre in the gba oadina Sp 3 Transform the gba ecto the sci yn material corals ores (aa) Find thesia re inde, F (Check whether the lint hs led a (F 21) Step 6 UF < 1increne helen and F > tombe erate theloed propestontl, Step ¥ Repeat Step 406 wal the leniate ale ‘The mesimam lure inde in eerie by caring out st cerin chon pot ili he emote, Te ene betueee (1) Consider theft lent af the ite sleet ech (2) Gonier theft Go (9) Consider theft ply (orm batt atop) af the iat (4) Comider the batom a the cues sy (6) ind the aire nde tat oeton (6) Check whether thei greater than the previous vale number, ny nome, ‘ect lection (ae ot pio within the eement (0) yen then sore the dement number, Ga pl {lon in the ly ao he flare nde, nod go {he pls top the p02) (4) 1 ane in (0) othe dona tre the fare dt, but goto the seat lacton and vepen (8) (8) (0) Goto the next ty (10) Goto the next Gass pint (11) Goto the net cemest (12) Contin the earch among lth sen the ie element ah the ‘curiam faredAas Compt ain wt (80-4 Numer )=1020.108 ph Fy 18810" pel, By = 15610 ps Gy =082 108 ps, Ga men x10 pe, Gin =049 10" pl, Yo=%e= 638K 17 po, R= A800 pul, S= T= 126010" pi, Py hes 205 in (ss-0) eatin sce ated inthe potent ot yar aay. The individ amionos rebelled A D fr fate retrace th eon. The Flowing for laminated plates rm [3 re eed for deen A> eymmeticangegiy ls Bs aymmeti ua nteopi loa, (45) ~ 48/00/0/48/9) ~ 6/0) (Ce eymmetric croup laminate, (80/070) Di esteem amit, (0/90/0/20}- ie, 8/88/49) rhea dnoer al lana and 3 (Figure 36-10) and (i) 08 (Figure 38-1), Te fet mesh eed in 5 ronrpliylaaten C wad D. Tae na Laminates with al ge spl supported lege lmpe ae wd ssi: oat (6-9) Fo gece srt, be following boundary codons alo he smog arated (ve ig 36-2) we tied yet o ait | a “fet t ———-; =Ane ef Compt Lain anaes Figure 8.0-2 Bouadacy coon for fl and quater plates subjected to Manel. (9) 881, (8) CC Fr the in plane lonng ets, ro yp of Boundary codons are wed: (2) tinged end (3) samed onthe eh edge The ler edge om aller vapor In ‘others The deaf thee uppetcandione ve shown in Figure 88 ye ‘igure #.0-3 Boundary sniton fr flan quser plate ube tbo (ane ene) Indigo) Hinged nd boundary coins. (3) iaapedand boundary onde ‘Table 6-1 Linear nd aclines itp lar loaf ait A od B Shier wformiy eibated ovvereloed wilh 951 boundary coodiien ese —| bor Tr eT] Taal AG mY Sein tr 7 may [rt : steam tnen | est (ste : ainsi) | "Rie : aman : atm dn) : nn : Maine) | : sine tn) 7Sawn) an at) | atnan st) tine sig) | iainem nie) | “ne [ese taimem sesso) | net |i J anes [aor | 3 Tas POR oo Maine | aime said tn pian a) ‘he ea forth near and soins tly it nag 4D’ gested or thes dfarnt Kn onde (0) ealoraly datbated ‘Scams loud) sonata tener oad acing a he eae ofthe a tae (tify dnbued in pene (co lod aig 08 the sorter edge (Gelasinat, Tw alferet kinds efouniary soodtocs re ped. The iain fecarr ofthe elle specie tbe ype nding nd boundary codons re Greed bee aifrmly rte rmmeres ed wil $51 bandory condition ‘he rent for the uifrly itsbaiedtrantvere aed wit SSI boondary ‘edition ne shows la Tale 56-1 and 64-2. Ta tho tbls the flowing Statens el ‘ODP = Now dimenlonaized ener defection (CDF = v/h) Fire ply alee leu (ps PEL = Pld element FL = Pile location (oe Fig $610) LD = New-dimesonaed ftp flare oad [FLD = (#783)6/8)) PGP = Pad gro point PL = Fld ply w= Center defection i.) User fr lod Paonia eiteion (0) Independent eiteion (20) = Polynomial eeron wth 3 Dimension state erin a0) “The sees alread i fond tobe 17 ime the Ene lre oud laminate A (8 Igo) 5 ne for loa © (4 ge), 40 tine for lai D (layer) eed ely 47 eo nite B (16 lage). The shows tat te ‘Edirne bine the ear ad nna ule luda ecrnen sharply the {Mletacs of te lumii n incre owner, shouldbe noted hee tha the to diem rte defect of the nalts (3 ayer) so meee ites S01 and 88) tat the large defection lormantion wo lnge ald independent eierion with 3-Dimenional eae of seindna of Compe am v0 m on ‘his crime. A frmlson based on lege deeton age rola theory aight ‘Tobe 56-3 Lowa and nenlone et ply are ons frais Aan B ‘Astra he hich nites (16 esate concerned, the ieee betwee de unfrmly saad enreic lad with CC boonday the Baer and om nar flare lone ema fom the ict that the omen ‘Sndon leriton account forthe ato! wfening ofthe tear doce, Hee, | fort pven loa the nn nat modal predicts mach wale defections tas tat Tne mode), aad emule defen tn tara give ret ea sevete src elie | nt Taaecaen matin ane Te lebanon soe ay ei dbl he mt way | eae alt scapes iin once a ieee aa mon (MELT TE [2] tisha erat empis iets hashcrnann tees yom) eee fal |S] a] Frutiaant eer a nd witser anus hehsnse mma, fe ty i]s]: depricadsthce ic ennin pte ene | Taoe fite] 3 | nf trite na ad ith CC! nda cn we ome easy Th al rhe try tied aad th OC dy m fia yd endtac ts aera RCE Sueded Ticsebene tec tae ced sore |! ie) |] sic uta bine harasses ese os morn, | eee fae) gL inet nia 6 amet eg tere B eons wens | wes Jem gt | aac tty alate Bem at See, nie ne | ash Teer ceca lseuenl tae Sonn ede ine ce fee ee [3/3] SEIT a Sea ang ter thers me eee veseaneos| Oe fees | 13 3 ‘SS sie at eS oped teen’ ms [ees U3 | weit ee alt ea tthe midpaa ofthe longer eof Tea) STR AT {Belial the bottom of he lam lor nithin the late ‘isin ‘Ge male edge of the laminate ith damped-end boundary condition sow that re ot rclade bers i) the Kear tnd woninen are oede "The flr ain flo The imam ts) ah Thr hwy td i i ail eee ee eee cs eames | | BIHIE eee een a eae dieei eta _ aes or ry meted creed rege ed mort rey cee rae a acer —— ret ected ram aecsin et See AVE Dee eine ere rena ee es tyes Buta Recents eee dota ye nat oe ag nya‘Table 50-6 Liar and nonlinear fst py lt od for lana A nd ‘ander inplae eae led wih Hinged boeadery conden - _ | “peer ——— See TT | = aa pees i aa: | sine a lil panee HE HE eee y| Si aes tae = = ry Saree 7 ont TEL veo | a [ELE] EYEE vee PRE ERE] EL See es Rati: seovecen | BE [E/E TEY TE | Mee ep] wes | Bar PARLEY ET |! icone eAEIS —- el peinewnesy| Ses [ame]! | 213]! net poems) Ht HEELaf Compt Lain bles 4 Linea and solace Set ply flr ode fr lasanea @ and Maina at) or E sy pede difers ule oder «given amiane Thain pst def the {ieee i the farmalton ofthe eter whlch re purdypheneneslgiel in ‘ature Th ference etmean the ear td the nents ale nde ed tobe age fortrnere lending, conldersl let or inplne og it ged ‘ed and sali or nplan eating wih eed end Isle found tht te “dtdearselrgefr thin (Vor & age) anloic se ply supported boon So Seer al eT ape tt a ped oedy [57 Postbucklig rerponte end progresive flare 1-4 Itrodutis egadig the trough tre ‘eel heer sd thee computation modds hve brn dacared ie Chap {er nught glad by ong thr Sorans may ide the Career ice ae of oposite pa 1 tie weton we dace» rcet study by Englead, Rady and Keight [aol the poutbckingrepone f several graphite epacy pase edd i Srl conprentan, ‘The sly make compara belwerh the experimentally. ‘baied wd annie’ petbuling eapore of compote pel 2 Beperimental wudy eal, nth and witht ble, nd lnded intl empremion are ben era ein an expeinentl dy by Stars ned Hout [3 The peal were ab {ted rom emery alee aidiretonl There 00 gape bee wpe ‘reimregaied with 450K care Narmes S908 Ibeteacting epoxy ros, Typ ‘lianas popei for ths graphite opnyayatem ar 191.0 GPs (1,000) or ‘Selogtiod Young rede, GPa (1,890) br the tants Youn ‘odin, 64 GP (680 ha forthe Invplane sets modlan U8 forthe major Polon' rt and 014 mm (O06 i) fr the inna thickens Bac peed fra leaded Init competion in maces The land {eting andthe ulocdel eigen mere sngy soporte Uy Ya ge reassua of Compe anaes 1 Solana Mo pace aie pot mi), te, (£450) 45/04] £ 45/000) Panel CA was a fevvl nthe tt to buch Into two longidnalbwane an soe trnrene ‘wave. Panel C104 508 cm by Lem (Dn ng by 88m wide) py ‘taiaiopeaminae,(245/0/00)y Pane C10 was shred Inthe te to ‘el nto fue lnptaielbalf wares and oe leaner alate. The Used ‘ual, Pe tet! to Pal C10 exept for 18 cm mele (075 ‘Tare hole laeated 181 cm (3 in) frm oe ofthe loaded edges and along {he pee! entertine red inthe at to bul to fous hee [tin hall neer ad ane rastrehawave withthe ole lated ea eel cea ofthe second engiacanl ball wave Reddy [O), The jcrenetal the principles viral trgluerment andthe ltl Lagrangian Sesion ec "Plesbel cement obaied fom the hee dinesonal ea heen Up imposing tv sonnet (1) sought nes morn te the adeertace tere right bt oot arma her earmatn (2) he rane trea eomponets of seein, nd hese sre, eee fete deepen These mtumptiont arn 3D theory nto 82D they and herring shell nt ealed a 3D degrerted shell dement. The elisa farsa bd vlan ofthe tel cement nnd wal si snc the thine dee not change ard te oral dow nat tr. ‘The fal incremental eave egaton fra cles ar of he ome. GEN) (Ka) + nad 00) a — 18 (ry here (60) lhe vector of nal ncementldaplecement oa Tech ikinel and (Fate deed by qe (28-2) (05-4 veal [ePouev vena [,!enaenler en [acs a the roca enuating the atgr ie eeatin (51-1) (eg [ch [Mit (2), ne uee Gasequaratare eed in the membrane dren of he aa, ‘Su ean integration inte etna ecten. Thus the thicket eon Sntegzation frets (Kz) and [Xa] iver the fling laminute wares (nea. (24-20), WECM melFeve- = Eevee oe Tene (the thchoe coordinate f the bolo ofthe Ht aming, Pie the tumbet of lamina, (Cy isthe conetve mates fr the ih lamina inthe Pritcipalmatrl corinne, which hes the fom, Ieh= 100 a, ae the plane sree sedced slate consent in the mae cotinne, ‘9s the insertion nage Fig 241) From eho lamin, Ge can be expened we Ba. 239) (era) n> sip 08 * TE 8" TaAaa Compt Laine a (Cae Qu (Cx), Gum On (61-8) sec B os ny Bis Gis Gin Gin at he engi athe that cretion face taken tebe 8/8 ing amine properties The meg approach x based on sng sx leet or bce alee seh dcon Hehe fe Sesto lo Pane Gk eto 1 Panel ie diferent de oe preenee fhe hole. This mode ba xt Sings? ldements wounds ble with exch ing” erbvided it 18 leet £2 Figure 5.4 bs The ltl mur of Sade qudeaera cleren tlemest model of Pani Ch, C10, ond tor 2 4h and 12 ual we ese anil geome inpeetnn pay th ene tape at thera Ener bucling made, Thetis of tb mode was ete te be [St the ltl laminate chem Te alow eficent progr pes The ied beeing pin, bat docs otf the erl Balle analysts ‘wo faire ite, the makina sree and Tua Wo, are wed oe Ba (4th asd (4310 Any che clued form rn sould have bem nad 1 ray, laminate are acute de to propagation of damage a th oat a increaed To adel th ft, ax anya progrenie flare echnigue Incloded nthe nentness nny At ac lond lop, Cour pn seen ee ed in ihe eid fae ete, Ife ecuved ot Guus pay oredocin 1 lesan aise ae apped te thel pol whch charged the reel A= BD lente tines of equation (67-3), Por eral, or the asim firm eiteron, the size ecard the ginal ten sength thea {he Toapidina modal By that pint reduced to tte. For the Tee etitemecer Me = Pets Ma = Fat (7-9 ‘The aren ermal the dont are moe ad he corespoatig todas rece toner Thae I crreeponds tothe modalan By 0 By {2'Gay slo Guy and yo iy han coneqnenee of in eduction ening ‘ner propria ace opted alae progrene. Aa line the epee geen Slows 1. After sonar iteratin daplacementconvergeesiaachend cleat reset, inthe gated (aya) sori atthe mide of each ngr at ech Cauee, 3. Compute he alas inden, F (Ses 4). 4 ttetare cece F 2 1) enti the maim Hy reduce the appropri Inman dala tot Gear pen vorpal ‘he oan aja a he eme load 5. ofa oct, pected othe et Tn ep ‘The ead shortening fh pal ie monitored a In eompresion ‘street ede to be thn oad for whic he pans ergs Ire ok ‘sorta fr sal nrerents of lad 5.75 Results for C4 panel omapcan betwee nt el fam Reference 8 and site sees eat for Pant Clave shown In Figre 81-2. ‘The Agu how end soreing sy ‘ormaled by te analyte en shoteiog wat bucllig (Pig 8124) otk ‘hse defection w ner pat of masimum ddeton, sera by The patea tung cana ie ed ae Poo {eeepc sig fecd fare eee line ie Ee et ele soe The ‘Speen td feet taut agee ea ape Fern ope lage mate Son (ely Gan {Sepa theme Fig 81-3) ad high glen nto om at tak sale (oay he tte snipe Gein sincere By 8h ones (0) Oxt-ot-ne detection (2) Swhce sine igure 6.7.2 Poutbuingrrpone eh lesa of specimen Ch, Fipre 87-24 shows a contour plo ofthe ott ple defections generated ‘som the nonnet anys a an app lon! o€ 21. igre S10 shame creping tothe i Ch te sae nd. Stee dsibtioos in ech lpr of the lemicate are anally erated be sorlicar eal in dno stern he ‘edeernined aig the costae raion fr bls ea plea ‘on, ih anaes hese titan ae elaine oy ‘he plane sens am the mpi of experimental (eine) and allel out-of lane ‘ete pttern fr specimen C4 Figure 8:7-4 hows the dation othe pea qe sete Shroaph he thickowse Aircon normale! by te lamas tikes {Ge inbaton sua tes ony over the care pal a the ted ager of te Ieninae (00 py) frm eped iad of 2gna of oni im ‘Soh comprnive ail ae occr lng the lngtaina edges of the poe gave ssh indents he retbuton fhe ail sari hs ply ape tdlngth fr ther valor ofthe apd Toa. At the buting lon te el ‘cer ent iors scr he panel. Althooph the eile eget {alts ae wel blow the tel alawabi oe [Xe = 140 BP (20 onto» Lab MPs (88 bn) i compen on wea ts} zh Figure 87-4 Trane see sty dabaton hoe the icone ‘of specimen CA, “ae a (6) Conte plo ai ses 8) Ste bins eos yan ‘tts idea igure 8.7-8 Axial ttn ops dition the thd Iperf he ace (py) of he Ce tps, the layer fhe amine (20 pl) lr ne sped aad a i ete ha ih aneerae he eee oar ng ol ine igure S185 indent the redioton of it ‘ecaeese sea tae in he O py at panel ident or tne rae ofthe ‘ppc ond. "The so carves epcet (ne rans see sre dane cErsced age contains elaban a he dod eves Gente te ten ‘rte rbearng tran dtsibone said fom the equi equations. Both ‘arthode gv ey nla rene At the Bung loads the pen ronvere sheet ‘cbse ownde he lg tte pe.“ po lr te och ine mater owabe wr ofS =~ 8 ting he pane fled (8) Sto dstetbtion acs pane ridengih 2) Comour sot Figure 61-6 Transnecseea see terre (0 py) of te nbn in he hed Iyer fm Gece agrnge na component (1-9Anco Comps antes ™ fn conunclon withthe diplacement fed f the ftoder shear deformation teary ee St) 2) =a(ea) bs ules) mle 9) + 2b wenn a9) iy {51-4 to cnaon (8-7 ad otal = ng wea} (oe tbo) r ran a age ae, A na tinea fh ter neve henge toon th te emerge te doin ge gute 51-1 and $7-To pros he progrnive le ret fr Panel Cf, ing the maim tear and Taal Wf eri especie f nioe {othe serge aleady mentioned the ther wale areas locas Aen sent of Xp = 609 MPa (1.7 ka, aneere compre srg of abd inlay her seaghs of = 9 Mu (100 nate change in ope natn a ablity ection sete ws the fare nd Figaed 1 "Tes Wa een eimatr the experimental fare more cael thes the asinam des eens Thie aioe to the pretence tse interaction em inthe TW eteron faa ides (2) Manin st ee eteroe (0) “Teak alee exten Figure 5.7-7 Pogreniv le rel of specie Ct uel ad expeimental Tate gues, Binh [inaalooptaioa modula, Aah crooecnal re, nd Lite specines [eng Agreement plu god tin the Ct specimen bene extracting aon aed experimental date fom Relrace 30 ar dill A Bear So (0) Bd being (0), Ota pane deteto. Ponthucing eponue character of peimen CD. ‘ithe peat the length of ae panel Figoe 8 ‘tec ger 22 (0 ply), there be thre pak on, oda ine concretion ‘eten Figure 31-08 tnnes the oye Seba athe expr flere load (AUP) seronthe pac! wiih “ie ele ie sim t ee ined {or Pana Ok ‘priate eats Hove, ne ton prevouly or Panel Cf Se mein ‘eo eleonrvala donot ogee elnap of Comp ania e “The epcien wo anlyedoinvnigne delrmaton nd fluro panel swith bole Figure T-Lln onlin «compe Sorenogotnned me [Datly aod rperinestaly PigueeB1-ilb end 8-lie show Ge lngodenl ‘lace Sune (th tp nd ttm surfaces) scrote panel at the hale or ‘ond of 0907, and 139Pa, repeat. The ele ae fo food epee ‘Siexperinenial osm Reterence 38 Linear bull and porhocling {stot lane defen mse shape for the peal te shows fn Figure 7-108 Sha 61-126 Ae ipertion of 1% of pana ican mee mde was wed ‘Proceed Inthe potbclig range One can sea fut longitudinal hall ween (3) Conon ie (0) Stes dntebton ares pone igure 6.7-8 Tranvere shear ste, fy dations isthe Sent tecoed Inet rom the surface ("pp othe C1 specie, (2) Masimom se ee cation (0) TW tate citeon Figure 6.7-10 Pregrenive fre rete pasion C0 Pek . ae ae x (2) eadstoweneg, (Sars at 17 = } . sof S (0) Sua 7 Aho 1 ye Sreuebeent of seo ent oder ad ako esr fe ode around thedna of Compr Leite * ale, Plemeat erin around he ble could he ncer contin attr. {steney to ue fl negrtinn to levine thi robles, te utceny ete tha ledingefec av ee (2) Hea acting ede (8) Postbactng mode BP /Pee= he Figure .7-12 Out o defection paler af species Ht ollie ama om ie bleHonever the en tes on apprencie BM {0k} she experimental Cr los eth ond th pane shea Hes rant round the le, Simaltaneon Sr ply re ora dat compencat ard hehe ee Thun the fale ode nat ilactg ode wth «done rue thew ope, roger fre igure 1-1 ad 31-105. The Tat Ws cero ly once ui in bter agreement th eperimestl rele 5:8, Progresive f lure of umninate in bending 1 Background eight aoded quasar plat ement, QUDAO (te ex 36), bated on cond order poe they to deronsrte the a of he adr eee (a arse) Te ptemeceleina nda rts sc elated teach Gro pin ach lent Inplan tet ate bined fom the eoustutveeqantony the iteaadna normal and heer ieee oe {situated fem tn equ genoa ar Sacuated in Chapter. The ‘Se enamel materi corint aed te fare ee of atin [2 Sse. he falar dtetd the tea proper eoreponding to to ‘lr mole needed (o = snal ve a ht enon. Equity tertons ‘Se prorated bore incrementing he land (a) Masimom see alee cater.) THIN fale rien igure 5.7-15 Pogo ce elo pines {58-2 Computational model ‘A taint with tnenty four Iapere ie modsled, The duc contents and tect ted we = 19 GPs, Ba = Bn =11 GPs, Gin = Gp = 72 GP vain =o = 08 102 MPa, Y= 41 MPA, Ye ay “The cites of Kh (ae sles fo this niyo tng btnen fiber, mata, and through the heen fae mode oe Bye (0-14) (03 I). Parthermore, they ea ieaily nether Gale occeed ia tenondna of omnia ‘ ™ i ermpromion, Thee cilia are repeated bee forthe render’ convenience [ne an va aa eben sy ch oan eee 11) a he res in the bal eerdnnten The ‘ra he mater eooeinae, ge ed when cheting the waa Gora, Galt Comrie jay a) [ge Qe Ge 2 8 9770 a) fee ea syle nin wou and bie ream ction ain SIGS Sa ik (5-8) af fo so Say oils SSA ebel dct slik eel ta (nto! ,lebonm) , (beet Ate igor hpi re whe died om ofthe ea eked tsp) (eee) 1 ag | Ainge prt toate Compressive: {eV = fe} + (CHO) (58-9) Lye 1 ie he ste a pte he re erin reel ce gi to 6 [C) ~HJlrrens grt vont ont hae ieee dnc beh stone oa-5 Delamination rag the thn) yea ‘ablee 56-1 and 58.2 lates the pe and egunee of daage tht bat ‘ccurred in thin and moet heh uivecionl nents ander foe pit s-6 endag lads. At shown Tete 8-1, aed neement 1, ene Ser re {aterved in leer 1-24, andthe toe nee acompaied by ons ait {test the sre load le ip Inger 16.23, Farthermor,compremion Bet ‘Te ames in material coordinates (1,2) ae competed om the atone {alte mode i abnerwed in yet 14 for be ae ea nee Note he! the Inet (233) Ae are at theater late precede rp toned the enter ed tke ‘mate aus ecar win heft nition nad Tbe tothe Alamageprogrendon in thker anna tothe tne), Note th ei encase ‘he popenion tom the centr toward te out aero the lait, Figate nan Sb Tieqte revealing. Forth sane coneratin of Table 1 the ol eae een yea Oca eigy ofan sees dnplaed ee fence fend Inereen tren! thy - {eine Note th dacontuty nthe eure wich det the damage seed ln energy magaten a led ee Systedna of Cone amis ca w a ee ith siete ‘Table #.4-2 Daceage progrenion® in Bt amicete [hy with sdeto- ble 5-1 syesion in Dy I Decne ‘Wicaenrto $= B unde our-palt bending ed (P/F = {Miho $= 100 der our pat beniagiond (P/F Piy No. [TF [CP [TM [OM [DL Piy No. | TF GP] T™ [OM [DL] aici Pyeeyiyey o lolufo|eje| a jolofolels SIRARIB mee] seal siele als istics a aye/eyeys eres: snimmnninteinntnsnemetemtecrm | “tetnnmanmars (nates. TP = Tene ber flere CF = Comprenive ber le TM = Tene ‘ae flute; CM = Comprenive mats fle; DL = Delaniaatio,6 Shastry BF and Ra, GV, “Eel of Pee Onettion ox Stee Cones SUS islet Wale Uamlonte Pint Wath hn one Guar ihe} e Sence and Tekno 10; 9p Dok CTD 1. Tan S.C Noted StegthPreditin and Daigo Laminaled Compe ‘Deas tine Lodege# Doral of Compete Mena 30, pp OT tes 8. Tan, S.C, “Lamigated Composite Coaluining ay Eiipticl Opening. Lp rotate Stren Asayner ao Frectore Moda? deurnal of Compote Me- ily 1, pp. 23008 (100) sil i a gate Mee 3, 10. Lin ad en, B Str Cnsnon in Otc Laat rie Teepe ln argent Set isabel, ‘Spied Sete Londin, Caper 2s pp 1843 (18. 11, Fn, Wand Wa, Slee Concentcaton of «Laminate Weakened by Mal {ple Maca Compete Stace 10, pp 08319 (98) = 32 Ms © J an Oe, 0. 0, hander tod Pan wih a | Geto Pe et Bnperng See, ce Bibra, hosel pp HO, Aopen TE (101). 12, Wales T 1 “Catan Composing” M.S. Thesis, eras ALM User, (Cehtg Satin, 15 ny So 1M. PATRAN Ploy User Manel" PDA Eapinsting — PATRAN Divan, elu 2 (8 1. “ABAQUS User's Manual? ibe, Keio, Soren, ne. Veni an Figure 68-1 Place progeion of our pant bend tet ($= 100. Androns§:D., Ocho 0.0. and Owen fume of Manulactring De es eg il Con Eed Spel Ant ee 16. Buy. D, “Caton Carhon Compo, An Overview Ceram allt feral Mectagen, PUD Yat Bd pp. 5-50, American Society of Mechel BF ON po. Hoa on). EoBoeen Rew Yok (08) 17 Aver WE Ba and Heavy © 4, Sty of he Machi Bebe. 2 De ong, 1. “Sizuoes Around Pin Londed Toles in Eleaticlly Orthotopic or ‘Mechs and Stracoren, Vig Peles Inia and Stae Univer, tropl iter Sours of Cpe Meter 1 (iy pp. 31831 (Ti. Blacaburg, WA, Auge eT Matthews, F $5 "State Datsbaton Sp Bugs Reteten 1. Osho 0,0, ie, ad he lntegrated Sure Se Gia Ate Hep Bch cates age See mare # Rec GIN ts Nhe hes 4 Ale SDS Competent Reet Maca Aerie Be Baby Sided Bacar Nw Zr pets (hip 5. Sheng, YP apd Stes Cancentaionn at» Hole Sane 19, Osom 0.0, Aaa Gand Bans, “Teco recta Leminten’ Fire Seianan ond Technolog, 8, pp. 18-102(1070). | ‘oat AEM sively Cllege Staton, PK, March 1951. ™"at ty Ema Iabeent Delcein i gk tcp ym Anistrpie Blt Body, San Franco, Glia ian Day 1A. Rom, G, Rand Och, OO, *Bavionmenta fees ot Unemantte Com rai umn ra hrmopaneCenpnen p284 2%. Gan, W-$. and 0.0. Oshon, th SREP MPLA a scB/S estas Sele ‘ed Hlatircts Confernta, Ape 68, 1987, Money, pp. 2738 24, Tuten, G1 “a Inia Pletal Falate Anais of Symuecaly Lani sie Rens P dora od ed Stare 18, * Drag useage mat ome 28 Tare. "A Sady ofthe Onset of Meat Pilar in Crom Ply Lani ‘tel Ripa! Pave Selene and Rcd, 132); py 3:98 (90) 2 Bey Ge i ea Pare Se re i td He 28, Tuer G; 3 tBRecte of Shes Defamation onthe Ong of Feral Failure tp Spec Cyne Py Laminates Rectang Plate,” Cponte Stratis 1S UF Marshal (i) Eee Applied Snes, London, Caper yal 108 ise edi, *A Simple Higher Orde Theory for Lani Compote Pte” 9 Fea app Meets 8 yp HE a8 51, ey, J. Mand Pandy, A %A Fle Ply Pre Aral of Compose Uninc Competes and irc 35 (3) sp 31138 (180) £2. Tare, Gand Onan, MY “Eee a spprrimne Eg nd nom iret i fed Berne Appied Scene, London, Chopler rece 3 Hk Sip. 1.1 (en) ee od Now Linea Fall Analy ese Shea” Componen Sens and forte Anil anne | “eee ee, HM, Redy 3.1 A Penal Pee Bran SPEnEhs 1 oe. 18208 (000, 38. Rady, 3.1, Every and ersonl Mees in Applied Mechanic, John | Wider doe a "5a ana Beh haa hat csr oot te ee a ee Compal! Me soe 8, tami Com | 1 Je and Rowe M, “Poutblg and Pale Characteristic ‘SISStin Ba hadaegalr Geepbite Bpny Piste Lond ie Compression y ‘MAA Piper Re. arashs Gest) I cna rks americas Sacer Deer HIBS Popec Nos Rik Sono Co Cad dl haba ited Compe a Smite Caad i hear ao ece ea | tbat 3, er Haas ar Pr Bt 2 rie ak oda a Tui "Pasta Ulen! Con i ts tb) aso, Rh ete tomy Ud es Tn pe pe err coer) ; |, Ochor, 0.0. and Fagbom, JJ, hess of Bogner in Comp REP aout Seer ood Ties 38 (2) pp. 81108 (08. pany Pa aS 4 Ant teSubject Index ‘towable 191251223162 Ariaopic mate 12810 Basow points 65 Bending, 72-76, #0100,18101 Beading sete, 21 Bending extenconlcopling flere, 2 Boundery condone, dpe, 75,168 dary condom impion of 4 andar eondtony for plane lady 168 Boundary codon, atl (or fre) 19.28 Boundary cndton, nly soporte, 1415,08,108 Buehog erly 5.102106 Buehing ond 560190184 compete, 18148 {lan lead pt ory, se: Pldna of Congr Laine (Composite wractoree, 1 CConforing erent, 150 (Conatitaie equations, 6221.91 {Gonaitaivesqutony, ciate 2,22 Continuum slenent €8.7299 i frmltions 672 Coordinate tantrmation, 2 (Coordiater materi; se: Marl cordiats Guraare, 3 (Gt ote 18, linia bending, 0 Damage mechs 114 Degeneraed 9D deen TL Delian, 1116-29 122,127131.138,166157 Dict era, ageing 3 Diaplnceent Bl econdorder, 26 Dielcemest fl ted order, 35.25 Diplcement, generale 1588 Bante oeficiente, 8 rik 002 leet 4354 hemes, sel, 7,840.76 guia equllany, ee: Egaios of eitbriom hai, -D eat 8 Equation of eullar Sat order theory, 3 Egaaton of eibom, layers ther, 33 uation af motan cee then, 119.2223 Floren Sher, 2700 aren St ply 61174 Pilar matey 127 Fallarenprogrenive,3117578179,18204 Flare etry ndependea, 122 Flare crits pyri 12 Flare citron, masinu tey 129170,166196189 Flere eteson, marine ssn, 1265202 Fale ete, Tea- Hil, 125 185 Faure eteron Tau 125,84 ber beng 11128 ‘Fiber lciere te Fler batoge Fiber-matexdebond 11,14 Fale deme seth Flat dement mode 945,54 Finite lent mode! easel plate eary, (882, Foie element mode, dyn ee ST Foe element od, est order that, 36 rie clement med, perc ery, 34 ‘oie element mode) noninen cee #2 Fite ament, be, 10 Fite elements, evi fui of, 20 Tagrnge aly of 48,50 sal 110,76 380 09it order hea deformation they, ee: Lamina plate theory Fiat ply florelone e071 Fee empsttion se Noll forces Force reat, 192840 Four piat bead ty 185108 Pree, 5157 {Gna qundetre 6572177 ale wee: Namen ineraion (Grnraed duane ‘Gtnraled Hoe’ aw 6 comet note, 52,5709 98,102.08 ‘Global to loc! tranlormation, M142 atta pa 162 emits ac Kemogoes oe oye cio 188 Typetherea cet 1500 so Inersatin factions Inplane teen 6 Interline scars, 1672155,161,17 Interpy dating, 1 Taterpalae, 8 Interpalatin, C48 Intepalaien fonts, 81,048 5054 Interpolation funciona, lal 90 Interpietion fection, Hee, 4820 Interplatioe fein, Lagrange, 3048504 Tntarplydunag, 14118 St ale Inoparanetsi formulation, 4 trp atrial 1610 ective sheen S58 Kiva Lave hypoth, 1218. isemate art ere thee, 27 Kiseatic of geri ery, 32 Lagrange iron econ, st: nett focns {aioe 13,14 [ode enti eeaons, 1 ‘azagezar7 oyna 12-78 50100164 seis, T64 [amines cow pl 7975110388 ISIN pce 857961204 Uebiote uncopled 29 Uist ser 155161 Uanination he, 213 {nae plate cor cs 122 alone plete theory rarer 2429, ‘lndnsted plate her layewae 3032 Laminated pte ther he ade 3.28 ayer ements 8994 ayerwn theory 3138 Ua ltoon 3? Matec proper 1380-96 38,10,00 182,140 15157,164275,18Ana of Compt Leia ™ Mate eee, 62,2228 Mater tienen teafrned 212 Mati ect 121204138 Masi strait eon, see: Fare erie Me generation, 10 Mas encnent 404 Mindi’ plate theory, see: Pvt order ser deform earl wrao, evi lt [ermal interalin scheme, S961; we ale: Time apresiaion Nertor-Raphton raion, 0652 Non-conforming demants 49.0 1 Nodal ore, 4401 Noakcarity ee Germeric nenkierty Noabtear mel, ser Geometris nntinsiy [ermaved coordinate ser Neto cornet Nuovi itegeetion, 3687217 [Nome sepa, reded 263,85,46,152,162 Ot ae 835,281 Octar paw tes I. car’ melbed se: Dit eration | Pane of dete smaty 810, Plane srn-tdaced ene 12177 Plat her see Lem plate tory Ply see amis 105175189 Pll of wre! places, 8 Proprenive lane, 15,8 (Qendeatere ee: Naming Reddys third order theory, 2528 Redcelategrato, vee Remuneration ‘estan eS velons Sangngrinne: B oe ‘Shear conection factors, Shear cing, Shene-log del 11 ‘Seti analy we acing ais Stati ero Sakty malin oe: Cromer ifvess mate Slabity of mei seme, 61 Staking engooner ot Laminin core Sion reduction, 11112121178 ‘Slicer ae Lina sieses Stn dtlecrnet ane, 1607222 Stain energy dena, Siin energy alee Strength 122327192 Stews cmcntaion, 18 Birt etna 6202832 ‘Slee Stein egeton, se Conse equation ‘Sablamiaate baling 128 ‘Temporal appeanalin see: Tine epyosination ‘Tce cordnaen 21 ‘Tine epproninalin, 02Ans Compt Laine, Ps ‘otal Lagrangian formulation, 69,79 ns, fer exorlten, 12 ‘Tranfratin equations, fr aif 2 ‘Tranfomation ation, oi ‘Tantrmation eine of eae elfen, 24 ‘Trancldondemente, 23 ‘Tea We alee ein, ee: Pare exiterion Tea Hi Gere eso, ae: Fare neon iain: se Melo raion Was 15 ‘soe Kena rnin, 161725225767 Wren frm, 184 5 Wah funtion, 47 Wop, 60 Mesghted tera fern ces Weak frm Mechanics ‘Aims and Sopot Sres “he peo eis a aj ni ad ci unten 73ers oy tn spat a see, an ha dm es {ee le pt ei isch eee inf ey ‘nme asics nist tn hen ws ‘one mebing weir int ted a tiny tec at (Smee ewe ics hg om oe ef cts are Twine id mec tbe tat teh pen wc feline nth te ‘Scent nr peng To es cn hy ea (Sienna hal eure, ged ele epg Tre {arcryopmnsesne iy san 1, Mer Tra Phin 1 sohoresa6ts7 3 ReMocae Mamet 50 ‘Sma mason 4 EGoom ote Coway Pate an 90 SBN IN 27 5 Ala btn non ne of ao Ged re 6 FER cut) terete inane MnO 1. EP. toma. Catec a: Pate Sm 192 Isawo-pe as 1 Ringed rg ssa 00 2 My pi Meat pr Aron 0, lng: Fe Mecano Mg, Mag. Opens tei Th pone ‘sonoma 11, Bea ie Set ym 192 Isavosposre BES Te a poms: io fn 2. Ateneo Cag Tem 12 ‘Sovomea tm: ‘Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht / Boston / London‘Mechanics “SOLID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS. ‘Seles Er GML. Gabe ‘Ais nd Sep of he Seer “ean sn tng ci Wi? How He mck hes fi ‘cre pone ans ren eae races et ge ‘eco stan copscnc oe wnt evo ‘eel maton compton asi ates mes A a {iit hae anon fur cee yam ee a tobe hee oh ‘tet panty td vce, compare moe oe he tad ea ‘sou ns i a conc Ens 1, al, 7 eld MP Ke lm of SiciralOpton 2d es 1 ‘sanoomoen aes then aig cm Raa Fonds of Sd Meche 19 2 Ake: Cont cou Ma de (6 BF De Sn an Drain An frac Wit at nat te an Comper ‘sane tacos ae? 1, ObVOesn ind Rey: Een Ama pie Lani 4 Ma Attn OF Reke Aan Fc Mein Manet C8 ipec Opmson fam Merains 19 {© OE Gamma Fant Rha peony Ot 1, Rent Ot ere rca nnn ng 19 HS trom Ane er Sract Sen 12 sox a2en3.0006 16, Fon Oe nd ant he Sore 12 Siva oe os08 Kiuwer Academie Publishers ~ Dordrecht Boston / London Mechanics ‘rm 190 bck on he sof mecha ie pb two is [FLUID MECHANICS ANDITS APPLICATIONS se Boe Mowe SOLID MECHANICS ANDITS APPLICATIONS. Seer ator GML Gavel Pr 13 he ak now ae sine pee ened Megas DyMAncAL STIS thon Mest GA Oe |. Bi bon Arve Pcandsieis IS ANON OH 2 baie pe en Rarer Ne eres "fers onl ened edn nr a 5 (Set Conia Mae mc Byam TSexso.2ms0s0 (6 Seamsnt and A Thon Scate Pees Dyn Red ‘lepton 8 iSite ‘peat te Venn Sos 1 ‘sons 20.m 1 Gh Bong Mca ed Ry: Vian Memenn 8 ae a TGanso20-1119 18 aa cc ncaa HE ‘erty Send bed ale aan 1 1 12. W. Sigh Sui: Te Barf Notre eee Fonte Comp tnd ea” Apt” Sige en ‘Sper 0. ‘Sma? 1a, W'S Sui: Th eo Not Vin Sm Vt ‘Rove Cp peso ep Pci yee 90 MECHANICS OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS ae 1 ibe ia Senders Mai ae 3 2 eager sa KNOL Mech 79 BN Soames