Kareem Mohamed

What is magnetism? Uses?

a physical phenomenon produced by the motion of

electric charge, which results in attractive and

repulsive forces between objects
Permanent magnets:- the types:
Ferromagnetism
Paramagnetism
Diamagnetism
More complex forms include antiferromagnetism and
spin glass behaviour

Electromagnetism
The phenomenon of the interaction between electric fields and

magnetic fields
One of the four fundamental interactions, strong, weak and
gravitational.
In 1873 James Clerk Maxwell developed a theory of electromagnetism
and included their interactions:
Electric charges attract or repel one another with a force inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between them: unlike charges attract, like ones repel.
Magnetic poles (or states of polarization at individual points) attract or repel one another
in a similar way and always come in pairs: every north pole is yoked to a south pole.
An electric current in a wire creates a circular magnetic field around the wire, its
direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) depending on that of the current.
A current is induced in a loop of wire when it is moved towards or away from a magnetic
field, or a magnet is moved towards or away from it, the direction of current depending
on that of the movement.

Maglev trains
Magnetic levitation trains and methods of transport

work on the use of magnetic repulsion as well as

attraction forces.

Electromagnetic suspension(EMS)
Works through the use of electromagnetic attraction.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQ1eKddstxM 2:06

Electrodynamic suspension
Works through the use of repulsive magnetic forces.

Stability and extra info

EMS systems have to be constantly monitored
EDS systems rely on changing the magnetic fields

simultaneously.
EDS technology uses superconducting magnets on the
train and permanent magnets on the track. This
means there can be lateral movement and no
horizontal movement.
Meissner effect

Bibliography
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnet#Uses_of_elec

tromagnets
http://www.arnoldmagnetics.com/Content1.aspx?id=4627
http://www.livescience.com/38059-magnetism.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglev_train
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism
http://emt18.blogspot.co.uk/2008/10/maglev-suspensionsystems.html
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQ1eKddstxM
http://static.ddmcdn.com/gif/maglev-track.gif
http://global-sei.com/super/about_e/feature.html