Construction of 0-3000 Watts Digital Wattmeter

ABSTRACT
As technology advances and mid-high tech devices become more readily available to
engineering and technology students as well as hobbyists there is an increasing need for reliable,
cost effective test equipment. Digital AC wattmeters are one of these increasingly useful pieces
of equipment. There are currently many models of Digital AC Wattmeters available that have an
impressive amount of capability and functionality. These models are expensive, and often have
unnecessary capabilities considering the typical applications of undergraduate students and
hobbyists. This project arose from the need for an inexpensive, functionally appropriate
alternative to currently available Digital AC Wattmeters. It presents a detailed construction steps
followed to achieve this feat.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page
Certification
ii
Dedication
iii
Acknowledgement
iv
Abstract
Table of Content
vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
Introduction
1.1
Background of Study
1.2
Problem Statement
1.3
Objectives of Research
1.4
Justification of Study
1.5
Scope of Work
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
Literature Review
2.1
Wattmeter
2.2
Types of Wattmeters
2.2.1
Professional Wattmeters
2.2.2
Digital Wattmeters
ii
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
Research Methodology
3.1
Gathering of the Needed Information
3.2
Designing the Circuit
3.2.1
The Block Diagram of the System
3.2.2
Flow Chart and Schematic Circuit Diagram
3.2.3
Description of the Flow Chart
11
3.3
Description of the System Components
15
3.4
Current and Voltage Transformers
3.5
Power Supply Unit
17
3.6
Programming
18
3.6.1
Source Code
20
17
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
Test Results and Discussion
26
4.1
Problems Solving
27
4.2
Analysis of the Problems
27
4.3
Remedies
28
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
Conclusion
30
5.1
Recommendation
30
iii
REFERENCES
31
iv
CHAPTER ONE
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
A wattmeter is a device which measures electrical power, a newer technologies have provided
the ability to produce digital; wattmeters, these meters usually have a digital display and are
portable, resulting in a more versatile and easy to use product. Because these devices are digital,
the analog approach is replaced with digital circuits to read in and compute measurements.
Digital devices offer the ability to read measurement of any frequency, and also compute many
different quantities. Digital wattmeters provide versatile capabilities and accurate readings in a
very short period of time
.
As stated previously, digital wattmeters can be found commercially; however, the groups device
will function on a smaller scale not accurately available and include additional functionality. The
available wattmeters on the market do not provide the ability to measure and display power
factor within the same design.
1.2
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Most electrical/electronic department in some tertiary institutions in the country still use aged
analog wattmeter to satisfy laboratory needs for its circuit labs. This device takes a considerable
amount of time to set up and use to obtain the desired measurements. In order to heighten the
load/stress on the students, there is need for a digital wattmeter which will allow measurement to
be taken faster, easier and more accurately than they can with the current equipment in use
during their power factor experiment, as part of the electronic circuits course.
1.3
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
The objective of this project is to design a small, cheap and easily to produce 0-3000watt Digital
Wattmeter. This Wattmeter will replace the analog labs today. The device will have input and
output terminals for connecting the device to the system under analysis, as well as a digital
display to more accurately convey the measurements. The user will be able to incomputerate this
device within a circuit between the paper source and the load, and the device will in turn digitally
display the voltage absorbed and power factor of the load. The meter will also display voltage
and current.
1.4
JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY
Digital Wattmeter is an instrument which is used to measure the power consumption of an

electric circuit or an appliance which is connected to the supply in terms of watts.
Digital Wattmeter provides versatile capabilities and accurate reading in a very short period of
time.
1.5
SCOPE OF WORK
The scope of this work will be concerned only on digital Wattmeter ranging for 0-300 watt, how
it works the functions of digital Wattmeter, why is digital Wattmeter important in electrical labs,
the components use in building it and how they function.
This work is limited to the component and accessories as obtained from the current diagram
vi
CHAPTER TWO
2.0
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
WATTMETER
The wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the electric power (or the supply rate of electrical
energy) in watts of any given circuit. Watt is a derived unit of power in the International System
of Units (SI), named after the Scottish engineer James Watt (17361819). The unit defined as
one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion. Electric power is the rate at which
electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit.
2.2
TYPES OF WATTMETERS
A wattmeter is used to measure the voltage in an electronic circuit. Originally only a tool of
professionals there are now many different types of the device available that are both cheap and
easy to use and available for home use. A wattmeter is generally used for checking on the power
supply of a given power-outlet in a house and for estimating the electricity costs of different
appliances. Like many technologies the device has gone digital.
2.2.1
PROFESSIONAL WATTMETERS
The power company still uses a basic wattmeter to measure the amount of power that your house
or apartment is consuming from the general power supply. The wattmeter measures both the
amount of energy consumed and records the time when it was consumed. Generally these electric
meters will be located somewhere outside a building so that a representative of the power
company can come by in person to see the readings of the device.
vii
2.2.2
DIGITAL WATTMETERS
According to Pearson Education Limited 2004, Wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the
electric power (or the supply rate of electrical energy in watts of any given circuit.
Digital Wattmeters have become available for home use and are capable of providing users with
information that is far superior to that which was provided by the Wattmeters of professionals
only twenty years ago. Instead of a very imprecise needle display, a digital Wattmeter measures
the current which is passing through its cables at a thousand times a second, measuring every
small change, and providing an average which is the true power supply.
According to Aaron Fogle and Pat Rice in Ohio Northern University 2012, a Wattmeter is a
device which measures electrical power, the meter can be analog or digital.
The Wattmeter is an instrument for measuring the electrical power (or the supply rate of
electrical energy); by Dr Sam Clay Ohio Northern University 2009.
viii
CHAPTER THREE
3.0
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Below is the flow diagram that illustrates the step-by-step processes that is been embarked on to
accomplish this project work. The flow diagram of the project includes; Articles and researches
related to the project study, block and schematic diagram of the project, flow chart and source
code and programmable prototype and functional prototype .The expected outputs of each
activity are also provided on the diagram as seen below.
Fi
gure 3.1: Flow chart diagram of the step-by-step process of the project work
3.1
GATHERING OF THE NEEDED INFORMATION
The research work commenced by first gathering the needed information, which was useful in
understanding more about the project study. Looking for articles in the internet about the
microcontrollers and the ADC to be used in the project was a great help. Basic understanding on
how to use the ADC was also an important thing to be considered. Aside from getting
ix
information from the internet, the research work also involved reading other resources such as
reading related researches and publications. The research work also involved consulting some
experts in the field in order to get more information on the project work.
3.2
DESIGNING THE CIRCUIT
Based on the acquired information, we were able to design the circuit. Firstly, we constructed the
block and schematic diagrams of the entire system. Proteus simulator design suit is the software
used in the schematic circuit design since it provides a means of running the software in the
simulator before the real life circuit construction.
3.2.1 THE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

The block diagram of this project construction comprises of the all the necessary components
that makes up the entire digital wattmeter. The block diagram comprises of the Atmel AT89C52
8-bit microcontroller unit which is the brain base of the system, the 0804 ADC is used to convert
the AC voltage and current source to digital wave forms, the 16x2 LCD screen module which is
used as a form of visual display unit used in the project to display load power rating in watts, the
auto reset unit resets the microcontroller after every micro-seconds execution of task, the crystal
oscillator unit which plays a major role in clocking function of the microcontroller unit, the pullup resistor is used to provide +ve 5volt power supply to PORT 0 of the microcontroller where the
LCD display screen is interfaced, two transformers which are responsible for voltage and current
waves sampling, 741 Op-Amp IC used as comparator to compare the magnitude of the AC
voltage and current signals. Below is the block diagram of the digital wattmeter.
Figure 3.2: Block Diagram of the Digital Wattmeter
3.2.2 FLOW CHART AND SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

As shown in the above block diagram, the Digital AC Watt Meter consists of three main sections;
analog signal conditioning section made up of the 741 Op-Amp chip, embedded signal
processing section made up of the 0804 ADC chip and the 89C52 microcontroller chip and visual
display section which is the 16x2 LCD screen used to display power output in watts. Figure 3.1
visually details the operation of the Digital AC Watt Meter Voltage and current representative
wave forms are induced from the AC circuit then conditioned and digitally read by the 89C52
microcontroller. The 89C52 microcontroller is programmed to interpret the digital wave forms
then calculate and output power of the input load in Watts on the 16x2 LCD screen. The visual
output module for the wattmeter is a 5 volt 16x2 LCD, based on the HD44780 series. Below is
the flow chart diagram of the digital wattmeter.
xi
Figure 3.3: Flow chart diagram of the digital wattmeter
3.2.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE FLOW CHART

ANALOG SIGNAL CONDITIONING
The front end of the Digital AC Wattmeter accomplishes two tasks; induce voltage and current
representative wave forms from the AC circuit and condition those signals to an acceptable
voltage level in order to be read by the ADC interfaced to the 89C52 microcontroller.
INDUCING SIGNAL WAVEFORMS

Two iron core transformers were are used to induce the current and voltage waveforms. Both
transformers primary windings are rated at 220V and secondary windings are 6V providing a
step gain of approximately 37. The current waveform inducing transformer circuit is connected
to the AC circuit via its secondary 6V coil across an inline 1/10 ohm power resistor (see figure
3.4). The power resistor
xii
induces the current wave form (1mV = 10mAmp). The transformer then provides the current
wave signal a gain of 37. The signal is then conditioned by a precision rectifying circuit in figure
3.4 below. The voltage waveform inducing transformer is connected with its primary coil across
the source voltage creating a 37 to 1V scale wave form of the voltage signal as shown in figure 3
.4. The signal is then conditioned by a precision rectifying circuit. Below is the schematic circuit
diagram of the digital watt meter.
Figure 3.4: Schematic circuit diagram of Digital wattmeter
SIGNAL PROCESSING
The properly conditioned signals are read via the 0804 ADCs output interfaced to the 89C52
microcontroller chip and the digital wave forms are stored in the controllers memory. Once the
voltage and current signals have been converted to digital waveforms, software determines
magnitude and phase difference. Power is them calculated and displayed via the LCD display
xiii
screen. Figure 3.6 shows the flow chart diagram of the Digital Watt Meter software. The 89C52
microcontroller is programmed to execute these tasks using assembly language.
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS AND SIGNAL READING

The 0804 ADC have an input range of 0 5 Volts and 8 bits of resolution (4.88 milli Volts per
step). Two 0804 ADCs are used to sample the waveforms. Every other sample is current/voltage.
The sample rate is approximately 240 microseconds per two samples (one voltage wave sample
and one current wave sample). The time difference between consecutive samples is negligible.
INTERPRETING DIGITAL WAVE FORMS

The digital wave forms are stored in two memories. These memories contain the ADC step
values of the wave forms. The memories are indexed to find the ADC's peak steps value of
voltage and current. These values are converted to their equivalent real current and real voltage
value from the AC circuit.
This is accomplished by multiplying the ADC step level by the equivalent AC current or voltage
level (i.e. by 5 ) and one current ADC step = .0021Amps, one voltage ADC step = .1773 volts.
By tracking the number of samples between AC voltage and current signals by the ADC, there
are 73.34 samples taken per 60Hz cycle. To calculate for the input active power in watts, the
following formula is used P = VI cos. Active power consist of active component which is in
phase with the applied voltage V i.e. I cos. It is also known as wattful component.
Mathematically
P = VI cos,
xiv
where;
V = A.C Voltage
I = A.C current
Cos = cosine of the angle of lead or lag
Then active power of the input A.C source is given as;
VA = cos = W.
From the above mathematical expressions, to get the actual power of any applied load to the
digital wattmeter, the microcontroller is programmed in such a way that current magnitude and
voltage magnitude of the applied load are compared, and arithmetic operation is then carried out
in memories A and B of the microcontroller by multiplying Voltage (V) and Current (I)
magnitude and their product is then programmed to displayed as power in Watts on the LCD.
3.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM COMPONENTS

THE MICROCONTROLLER UNIT
This unit is responsible for receiving and storing of the converted AC signal by the ADC chip.
Themicrocontroller then carries out arithmetic and logical operations on this signal and
determines the magnitude of the AC signals (i.e. the magnitude of the voltage signals and current
signals), then the microcontroller sends the corresponding result to the LCD display screen in
order for the inputed load power rating to be displayed on the LCD screen.
THE FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR UNIT

The frequency oscillator circuit unit in the above block diagram is made up of a 12MHZ crystal
oscillator and two 30pf ceramic capacitors each connected in parallel with one terminal of the
xv
crystal oscillator. It is responsible for proper frequency timing operation of the Atmel AT89C52
microcontroller unit.
THE AUTOMATIC RESET CIRCUIT

The automatic reset circuit in the above block diagram is responsible for resetting the
microcontroller unit automatically after every micro-second execution of task. This unit is made
up of a 10uf electrolytic capacitor and a 10k resistor.
THE PULL-UP RESISTOR UNIT

This unit is made up of 8 pieces of 10k resistors connected in parallel to each pin of port 0 of the
microcontroller unit and also in parallel to each other to a +ve 5volts power supply. The pull up
resistors in the above block diagram is used to supply a boost voltage of +5volts to the port 0
pins of the microcontroller because port 0 has high impedance.
LCD DISPLAY UNIT

The LCD (i.e. Liquid Crystal Display) unit is the output module of the Digital Watt Meter. The
LCD used for the construction of this Digital wattmeter is a 16x2 character display LCD module
based on the Hitachi HD44780. Figure 3.6 below shows the LCD output module of the Digital
wattmeter.
xvi
Figure 3.5: A typical picture of 16x2 LCD module
3.4
CURRENT AND VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
Two iron core transformers were are used to induce the current and voltage waveforms to the
system. Both transformers primary windings are rated at 220V and secondary windings are 6v
which provides a step gain of approximately 37.
THE 741 OP-AMP CHIPS

The 741 Op-Amp Chips is responsible for getting analog signals induced by the current and
voltage transformers. The 741 Op-Amp chips is used here as a comparator to compare the
magnitude of the input AC signals and rectified it to an acceptable level for the ADC chips
ADC 0804 CHIPS
The ADC 0804 chips gets rectified analog signals (i.e. current and voltage signals) from 741 OpAmp chips and converts these signals to digital waveforms which is required by the
microcontroller unit.
xvii
The ADC 0804 chips is an intermediate unit between the analog signal processing unit made up
of the 741 Op-Amp chips and the digital signal manipulation unit made up of the microcontroller
chip.
3.5
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
The power supply unit that is used to provide a 5volts regulated DC source for the Digital
wattmeter. This power supply unit is made up of some descrete electronics components and a
220V 6-0-6V step down centre tapped transformer. The descrete component used for the power
unit includes IN4007 rectifier diodes arranged in a bridge form to convert the 6V AC output from
the transformer's secondary to 6V DC, a 22F/6.3v electrolytic capacitor used to filter any AC
ripple left behind, and a 7805 voltage regulator IC which is used to regulate the 6V DC to 5V DC
which is required by the microcontroller unit for its proper operation. Figure 3.6 below shows the
schematic circuit diagram of the power supply unit.
Figure 3.6: Basic block diagram of power supply
3.6
PROGRAMMING
Programming of the system follows an orderly and systematic steps in order to arrive at a
successful program source code by first drafting out the program flow chart which shows each
xviii
lines of code and their functions, how program commands code flows in the internal memory of
the microcontroller unit. In actualizing the whole process, MIDE-51 development environment is
used to type the program source code, and after the source code have been successfully typed, a
folder is created and the typed assemble language source is then assembled inside the created
folder. This is done in order to convert the typed assemble language code to hex file which is to
be load to the microcontroller unit with the aid of a device called programmer kit.
Figure 3.7: Program flow chart of the digital watt meter
xix
3.6.1 SOURCE CODE

The source code as explained above is typed and assembled in the MIDE-51 development
environment which converts the assemble code to hex file which is needed by the
microcontroller unit. See program source code below:
ORG 0000H
;Starting task from memory location 0000H in hex
MOV P1,#11111111B ;Configuring P1 as input port

;;;;LCD COMMAND SET UP;;;;
MOV R0,#38H
; Use two lines and 5X7 Matrix
ACALL COMND
; Call command routine
ACALL DELAY
; Call delay routine
MOV R0,#0CH
; Display ON Cursor OFF
ACALL COMND
; Call command routine
ACALL DELAY
; Call delay routine
START:
;Starting the main program subroutine
CLR P2.3
;making CS (i.e. pin 1 of the ADC) low
CLR P2.5
;Sending Low-to-High signal to RW of the ADC
SETB P2.5
;Sending Low-to-High signal to RW i.e. pin 3 of the ADC
INTR: JB P2.7,INTR
;Checking if conversion is finished, if yes INTR pin=0 if not poll till 1
CLR P2.3
;making CS (i.e. pin 1 of the ADC) low
SETB P2.4
;Sending High-to-Low signal to RD to read data from AD
CLR P2.4
;Sending High-to-Low signal to RD to read data from ADC
xx
MOV A,P1
;Copying current output from current converting ADC
MOV B,P3
;Copying voltage output from voltage converting ADC at P3
CPL A
;Complementing the ADC's LOW output to HIGH output
CPL B
;Complementing the ADC's LOW output to HIGH output
MUL AB
;Multiplying AC signal (i.e. Current and Voltage signals)
MUL A,#05
;Multiplying the product of AB by 5 to give wattage in power
xxi
;;;;OUTPUTING ADC's RESULT;;;;

OUT1: CJNE A,#1,OUT2
ACALL 05WATTS
;Displaying load wattage on 16x2 LCD screen

ACALL 10WATTS

ACALL 15WATTS

ACALL 20WATTS

ACALL 25WATTS

ACALL 30WATTS

ACALL 35WATTS

ACALL 40WATTS

ACALL 45WATTS
OUT10:CJNE A,#10,OUT11
ACALL 50WATTS
xxii
ACALL 55WATTS
ACALL 60WATTS
ACALL 65WATTS
ACALL 70WATTS
ACALL 75WATTS
ACALL 80WATTS
ACALL 85WATTS
ACALL 90WATTS
ACALL 95WATTS
xxiii
ACALL 100WATTS
ACALL 105WATTS
ACALL 110WATTS
ACALL 115WATTS
ACALL 120WATTS
ACALL 125WATTS
ACALL 130WATTS
ACALL 135WATTS
ACALL 140WATTS
ACALL 145WATTS
ACALL 150WATTS

xxiv
ACALL 155WATTS
ACALL 160WATTS
ACALL 165WATTS
ACALL 170WATTS
ACALL 175WATTS
OUT36: JMP START
*************************
DELAY ROUTINE
***********************
DELAY: MOV R3,#05
DELYA: MOV R2,#03
DELYB: MOV R1,#02
DJNZ R1,DELYA
DJNZ R1,DELYB
RET
END
;Denotes the end of assembly language source code
xxv
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0
TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
After the constructed of the digital wattmeter we run a test with the meter (digital wattmeter) to
check if it will give us an accurate result. Some load were plug in the meter and the following
results were gotten.
Load (Plug in)
60 watt bulb
75 watt television set
80 watt refrigerator
Result (Displayed in LCD)

55.5 watt
70 watt
75.5 watt
We did not get the exact voltage of the load due to some factors to be discussed.
There was a power loss in the transformer inside the wattmeter due to heat and vibration in the
transformer.
Also the voltage generated by Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) is not up to the
amount they should generate and distribute, EEDC generate and distribute 150V 180V instead
of 220V 240V, this also contributed to us not getting the exact load (watts) in our results.
xxvi
4.1
PROBLEMS SOLVING
When constructing the projective discover or encounter some difficulties which draw us
back when constructing our project, most of them were;

Power failure
Burning of components
Components failure
4.2
ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEMS
POWER FAILURE: This was a huge setback for us during the construction of this
project, we had serious project, and because of there were no power for us to do our job
or the construction, it help in delaying us, and it was a setback on our own side.
BURNING OF COMPONENT: While constructing our project we discovered that most
of our components got burnt due to high voltage, components like the capacitors, etc and
most of the components when they are not in good condition and we use them, it got
burnt too when we use them.

COMPONENT FAILURE: Components failure is another problem we encountered
during the construction of this project, most of the component we got after construction,
we never discover that the components are not working again; most times the cause of
this may be from the way we packed the components.
4.3
REMEDIES
The remedies of the problems we encountered include;

For power failure, what we did was to get generator, to produce our own power so that
we can do and complete our project.
xxvii
Burning of component; what we did was to find out why our components was burning
and solved it, after which we replaced the component back and go on with our
construction.
Component failure; in order not to waste time when we had component was sample, we
last changed all the component that burnt bad and continue with our work.
xxviii
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0
CONCLUSION
In conclusion Digital Wattmeter is a device which measures electrical power, Digital Wattmeter
provides versatile capabilities and accurate readings in a very short period of time.
Digital Wattmeter is an instrument which is used to measure the power consumption of an
electric circuit or an appliance which is connected to the supply in terms of watts. Digital devices
offer the ability to record measurement at any frequency, and also compute many different
quantities.
Digital Wattmeter have become available for home use and are capable of providing users with
information that is far superior to that which was provided by the Wattmeters of professionals
only twenty years ago.
5.1
RECOMMENDATION
We will recommend Digital Wattmeter in most electrical/electronics department in some tertiary

institution in the country, to help them satisfy laboratory needs for its circuits labs because it
provides versatile capabilities and accurate reading in a very short period of time.
xxix
REFERENCES
Aaron Fogle and Pot Gilas, 2012, Ohio Northern University.
Blackout of 2003: Description and Responses. Available on:

http://www.persc.huise.edu
http://www.persc.huise.edu/wattmeter
C.A Canizares, F.C., Acvarado, C.L Demarco, I. Dobson, and W/F Long, (May 14, 2005)
Wattmeter Analysis. Version 1.3.4 Software and Document.
Dr. Sam Clay, 2009, Ohio Northern University.
Pearson Education Limited, 2004 Wattmeter as an Instrument.
xxx

Construction of 0-3000 Watts Digital Wattmeter

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Construction of 0-3000 Watts Digital Wattmeter

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ABSTRACT

Gathering of the Needed Information

Designing the Circuit

The Block Diagram of the System

Flow Chart and Schematic Circuit Diagram

Description of the Flow Chart

Description of the System Components

Current and Voltage Transformers

Power Supply Unit

Test Results and Discussion

Analysis of the Problems

Digital Wattmeter is an instrument which is used to measure the power consumption of an

GATHERING OF THE NEEDED INFORMATION

DESIGNING THE CIRCUIT

3.2.1 THE BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

Figure 3.2: Block Diagram of the Digital Wattmeter

3.2.2 FLOW CHART AND SCHEMATIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 3.3: Flow chart diagram of the digital wattmeter

3.2.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE FLOW CHART

INDUCING SIGNAL WAVEFORMS

Figure 3.4: Schematic circuit diagram of Digital wattmeter

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS AND SIGNAL READING

INTERPRETING DIGITAL WAVE FORMS

3.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM COMPONENTS

THE FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR UNIT

THE AUTOMATIC RESET CIRCUIT

THE PULL-UP RESISTOR UNIT

LCD DISPLAY UNIT

Figure 3.5: A typical picture of 16x2 LCD module

CURRENT AND VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

THE 741 OP-AMP CHIPS

POWER SUPPLY UNIT

Figure 3.6: Basic block diagram of power supply

Figure 3.7: Program flow chart of the digital watt meter

3.6.1 SOURCE CODE

;Starting task from memory location 0000H in hex

MOV P1,#11111111B ;Configuring P1 as input port

; Use two lines and 5X7 Matrix

; Call command routine

; Call delay routine

; Display ON Cursor OFF

; Call command routine

; Call delay routine

;Starting the main program subroutine

;making CS (i.e. pin 1 of the ADC) low

;Sending Low-to-High signal to RW of the ADC

;Sending Low-to-High signal to RW i.e. pin 3 of the ADC

;Checking if conversion is finished, if yes INTR pin=0 if not poll till 1

;making CS (i.e. pin 1 of the ADC) low

;Sending High-to-Low signal to RD to read data from AD

;Sending High-to-Low signal to RD to read data from ADC

;Copying current output from current converting ADC

;Copying voltage output from voltage converting ADC at P3

;Complementing the ADC's LOW output to HIGH output

;Complementing the ADC's LOW output to HIGH output

;Multiplying AC signal (i.e. Current and Voltage signals)

;Multiplying the product of AB by 5 to give wattage in power

;;;;OUTPUTING ADC's RESULT;;;;

;Displaying load wattage on 16x2 LCD screen

OUT2: CJNE A,#2,OUT3

;Displaying load wattage on 16x2 LCD screen

OUT3: CJNE A,#3,OUT4

;Displaying load wattage on 16x2 LCD screen