Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Specification For Pipeworks
Specification For Pipeworks
CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
1.0
2.0
GENERAL
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
General
Scope
Definition
Standards and Codes of Practice
Submissions
Pipes and Specials
Steel Pipes
Material, Workmanship and Welding Standards
Pipe Ends
Bends, Tees, Tapers, Etc.
Flanged Joints
Mechanical Couplings, Flange Adaptors and Expansion Joints
Pipes for Closing Lengths
Collars
Retaining Rings
Physical Testing
Works Hydraulic Testing
Ring Girders
Protection
Cleaning and Priming
External Coating
Wrapping
Inspection of External Pipe Coating
Painting Unwrapped Pipes and Specials
Spun Concrete Lining at Factory
Internal Protection at Pipe Ends
Pipework for Laying above Ground
End Protection
Examination of Steel Pipes
Low Friction Coating
7
7
7
7
8
9
9
11
12
13
13
14
15
15
15
15
15
16
16
16
16
17
17
17
17
19
19
20
20
20
PAGE NO.
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
3.0
Handling
Repair of Lining and Sheathing of MS Pipes
Laying MS Pipe
Welding MS Pipe
Making Welded MS Pipe Joints
Air Testing of Welded MS Pipe Joints
Completion of Sheathing at Welded MS Pipe Joints
Completion of Internal Lining at Welded MS Pipe Joints
Testing MS Pipeline
2.39.1 Test Pressure
2.39.2 Leakage Testing
Protection in Transit
Notice of Deliveries
Pipe Dumps and Storage Yards
Inspection
Marking of Pipes and Specials
Measurement of Steel Pipes and Specials
20
21
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
26
26
26
27
27
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
General
Compliance with Standards
Process of Manufacture
Thickness and Diameters
Length of Straight Pipes
Tolerance on Dimensions
External Zinc Coating
3.7.1 General
3.7.2 Zinc Coating
3.7.3 Coating Characteristics
3.7.4 Verification Process
3.7.5 Repairs
3.7.6 Finishing Layer
External Coating of Pipes and Fittings
Internal Lining of Pipes and Fittings
Flexible Joints
Flanged Joints
Factory Hydrostatic Test
Connection to Pipes of Different Type
Cutting of Pipes
Packing
Polyethylene Sheathing
Handling
Laying DI Pipes
Protection Against Damage in Transit
Jointing Ductile Iron Pipe
Testing DI Pipelines
3.21.1 Test Pressure
3.21.2 Leakage Testing
Marking of Pipes and Fittings
28
28
28
28
28
29
29
29
29
30
30
30
31
31
31
32
32
33
34
34
34
34
35
35
36
36
39
39
39
39
PAGE NO.
4.0
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
4.18
5.0
General
Scope
Interpretation
Manufacturing Process
Polyethylene Materials
Dimensions
Flanged Connections
Works Tests
Packing
Handling, Transportation and Storage
4.10.1 General
4.10.2 Handling and Transportation
4.10.3 Storage
4.10.4 Precautions
Electrofusion Couplers and Tapping Tees
PE Compression Fittings
Examination of Pipes and Fittings
Laying PE Pipes
Welding PE Pipes
Payment for PE Pipe Joints
Testing PE Pipelines
Markings
40
40
40
41
41
41
42
43
43
44
44
44
45
45
45
47
47
47
48
52
52
53
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
General
Materials used in Manufacture
Colour
Classification
Thickness and Diameter
Tolerance and Dimensions
Length
Appearance
Joints
Pipe Seal
Test Requirements
5.11.1 Obligations
5.11.2 Routine Tests
5.11.3 Type Tests
5.11.4 Sampling
Routine Tests
5.12.1 Heat Reversion Tests on uPVC Pipes
5.12.2 Resistance to Acetone Test on uPVC Pipes
5.12.3 Factory Hydrostatic Test on uPVC Pipes
5.12.4 Impact Strength Test at 20 degrees C on uPVC Pipes
Compliance
Method of Rejection
Marking of Pipes and Fittings
Test Certificates
Delivery
54
54
54
55
55
55
57
57
57
58
58
58
58
58
59
60
60
60
60
60
61
61
61
62
62
PAGE NO.
6.0
PIPELAYING
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
7.0
63
63
63
64
64
65
65
65
66
66
66
67
67
67
68
68
68
68
69
69
PIPE JACKING
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
8.0
Closing Lengths
Pipe Cutting
Welding Personnel
Making Joints with Mechanical Couplings and Flange Adaptors
Making Flanged Joints
Measurement of DI, Cast Iron, Steel, PE Pipes and Fittings
Concrete Protection to Pipes
Thrust and Anchor Blocks
Valve Chambers
Crossing Over Streams, Culvert and Rivers
Payment for Pressure Testing Pipelines and Specials
Sterilising and Flushing Pipelines
Payment for Sterilising and Flushing Pipelines
Payment for Road Restoration
Clearing Up
Indicator Posts
Painting Pipework and Valves in Chambers
Painting Pipework Above Ground
Disposal of Surplus Goods
Payment of Fees to Authorities
General
Tender Submission
Surface Reinstatement in Road Verges, Fields, etc.
Prospecting
Performance Requirements
Approval of Owner
Jacking Operation
Safety
Design of the Jacking Pipes
Laying and Connections of Pipeline in Jacked Reinforced
Concrete Pipes Sleeve
Alternative Method of Pipe Jacking
70
70
71
72
72
72
73
74
75
76
77
EARTHWORKS
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
Definitions
Levels to be Recorded
Explosives and Blasting
Disposal of Materials
Excess Excavation to be Made Good
Site Clearance
Trees
Stumps
Measurement of Site Clearance
Stripping Topsoil
General Excavation
Trench Excavation
78
78
78
79
80
80
80
80
80
80
81
81
PAGE NO.
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
8.23
8.24
8.25
8.26
8.27
8.28
8.29
8.30
8.31
8.32
8.33
8.34
8.35
8.36
8.37
8.38
8.39
8.40
8.41
8.42
9.0
82
83
83
83
84
84
84
85
85
87
87
87
88
88
89
89
90
90
91
92
92
92
93
95
95
95
95
96
96
96
PILING
9.1
General
9.1.1 Ground Conditions
9.1.2 Setting Out
9.1.3 Piling Equipment
9.1.4 Programme
9.1.5 Pile driving
9.1.6 Preliminary and Working Test Piles
9.1.7 Load Tests
9.1.8 Piling Personnel
9.1.9 Piling Records
98
98
98
99
99
100
101
101
101
102
9.2
102
102
102
103
103
103
PAGE NO.
9.2.6
9.2.7
9.2.8
9.2.9
9.2.10
10.0
104
104
105
105
105
9.3
106
106
106
106
107
107
9.4
Pile Testing
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Test Load and Kentledge
9.4.3 Settlement Measurement
9.4.4 Equipment and Personnel for Load Test
9.4.5 Procedure of Testing
9.4.6 Records of Test
9.4.7 Interpretation of Test Results
108
108
108
108
109
109
110
110
9.5
110
ROADWORKS
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
10.15
10.16
10.17
10.18
10.19
10.20
10.21
10.22
10.23
10.24
10.25
10.26
112
112
112
113
113
114
114
115
115
117
117
118
118
118
118
118
119
119
119
120
120
120
122
123
123
123
PAGE NO.
10.27
10.28
10.29
10.30
10.31
10.32
10.33
10.34
10.35
10.36
10.37
10.38
10.39
10.40
11.0
124
124
124
125
125
125
126
126
126
126
128
129
129
135
135
135
136
136
137
BRICKLAYER
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
12.0
Bricks
Cement
Sand for Mortar
Water
Mortar
Mixing Mortar
Brick Laying
Half-Brick Walls
Facing Brickwork
Damp Proof Course
Lintels
Building In
Scaffolding
Valve Chambers and Manholes
Payment for Brickwork
138
138
138
139
139
139
139
140
140
140
140
140
141
141
141
142
142
142
143
143
143
143
144
144
145
PAGE NO.
12.11 Rain Water Pipes
12.12 Open Mesh Flooring
12.13 Manhole Covers, Surface Boxes, etc.
145
145
145
1.0
GENERAL
The Contractor shall supply all the pipes and specials required unless
otherwise specified and construct and complete the pipeline and all associated
works as specified and included herein under the Contract.
All welding materials, welding equipment, butt and electro fusion equipments,
clamps, steel moulds, priming solution, bitumen compound and approved
bitumen wrapping tapes or similar material for completing the pipelaying
works shall be deemed to be included in the rates of pipelaying unless specific
items are provided in the Bill of Quantities.
1.1
1.2
Approvals
All pipes/valves/joints/fittings/couplings/adaptors shall undergo for SAJH
approval procedure by the QA Department and shall have either ISO Quality
Standards Approval, SIRIM/IKRAM or other recognized standard approving
authority.
1.3
1
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Thin wall pipes in temporary storage or strung out along the pipeline
reservoir routes shall be supported on hessian bags filled with fine sawdust
straw or similar and shaped so as to give continuous support under at least
40-50 o of the circumference. The positions of supports shall be the same as
that for pipes during transit. The underside of the pipes shall be kept clear
of the ground by at least 300 mm.
All pipes and pipe specials shall be lifted by means of reinforced canvas
slings. The pipes shall be lifted by two reinforced canvas slings at least 300
mm wide suspended from a lifting beam so that the slings are positioned
approximately one-fifth of the pipe length from each end of the pipe. On no
account shall the pipes and specials be dropped or let fall onto the ground
and under no circumstances shall the pipes or pipe specials be lifted by
means of hooks to the ends of pipes and pipe specials.
The Contractor shall be deemed to have allowed the cost of providing the
above necessary measures in the Contract Rates for hauling and laying.
Any damage to or loss of materials shall be made good, or the damaged or
lost materials replaced, by the Contractor at his own expense and if
approved by the S.O. damaged materials shall be returned to the
manufacturer for repair as directed by the S.O.
1.4
1.5
Prospecting
The Contractor shall prospect for the position of buried or otherwise hidden
obstructions such as existing services, drains, pipes, cables, culverts, etc.
Trial holes and exploration trenches to ascertain the exact positions of these
shall be sunk, well ahead of pipelaying and excavation, in places where they
are known or thought to be and elsewhere and these shall be backfilled with
approved materials immediately and in any case not exceeding 24 hours
and subsequently reinstated. Approved marker posts shall be erected to
mark the position of all located services, drains, etc. and these shall not be
removed until reinstatements has been completed. The S.O. shall instruct
further prospecting if he is not satisfied with the sufficiency of the
Contractor's prospecting.
2
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Generally, for pipework of diameter below 1000 mm, the minimum cover to
the top of pipes shall be 1000 mm and at road crossings the minimum cover
shall be 1500 mm unless otherwise specified. For pipework of diameter
1000 mm and above, the minimum cover to the top of pipes shall be 1500
mm unless otherwise shown on the Drawing.
Before commencing excavation the route of the pipeline shall be pegged
accurately. Strong sight rails shall be fixed and maintained at each change
of direction and gradient, and at as many intermediate points not more than
35 metre apart as may be necessary. On these rails shall be marked the
centre line and the level to which the pipe is to be laid.
3
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
1.7
1.8
Dangers of Flotation
Although flotation of pipes in completely refilled trenches or of the
completed works will not occur, the Contractor's attention is particularly
drawn to the danger of flotation of pipes laid in trenches left unrefilled and
allowed to be flooded with water in the partially completed works.
The Contractor shall, immediately after pipes have been laid, jointed and
approved by the S.O., refill and compact excavated material to at least two
thirds of the length of the pipe trench leaving only sufficient space unrefilled
to allow for the completion of the external joint or fittings. Notwithstanding
this, the Contractor shall make all necessary provision to avoid the flotation
of any pipe during the construction stage.
Any damage caused by flotation of pipes, specials or fittings in unrefilled
trenches shall be made good to the satisfaction of the S.O. at the
Contractor's own expense.
1.9
the S.O. may order that no further trench excavation shall be opened until
the outstanding work has been carried out to his satisfaction and the
Contractor shall have no ground for a claim against the Employer on this
account.
1.10
4
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
1.11
1.12
Specials
The approximate positions of all specials are shown on the Drawings. The
exact positions shall be determined on Site by the Contractor to the
approval of the S.O.
1.13
Testing Pipelines
1.13.1
General
After a length of the pipeline has been completed it shall be tested as a whole
against stop ends. The stop ends shall be supplied and fixed by the
Contractor and shall be properly strutted to ensure that no movement can
take place and they shall be of sufficient strength to withstand the full test
pressure which is to be applied.
Testing shall be carried out over lengths of approximately (2) two kilometre
where possible or the full replacement length between washout or
overcrossings but not against adjacent valves. Testing shall not be carried out
until the backfilling of the pipe trenches except at the joints, have been
completed. Backfilling at flexible joints shall be left uncompleted to facilitate
inspection of these joints during testing.
Temporary marker posts shall be installed immediately after testing at all
junctions between tested lengths.
Before any length of pipeline is subjected to test pressure, care shall be taken
to ensure that all weight, thrust and anchor blocks intended to prevent
vertical and lateral displacement of pipes or specials have been properly
completed. All valves shall be checked before the test to ensure that they are
in working order.
Prior to filling the line with clean water for water testing, the line shall be
thoroughly inspected jointly with the S.O. to ensure that the line is cleaned
from stones, dirt, debris, plastic paper or any other matter that may have
entered after laying of pipework.
The water for filling and testing the pipeline shall be obtained from an
approved source. It shall be free from silt, contamination and pollution. The
Contractor shall make all arrangements necessary for conveying the water to
the point of filling. The test ends shall be tapped for suitable size test
connection. When using high pressure pumps for water feeding, regulate the
feed slowly to allow minimum or bubbles into the pipeline.
The fill and test position shall be located at the lowest point of the pipeline
profile to encourage the expulsion of air as the pipe is being filled. All air-valve
positions and the end of the test section shall be vented during the filling of
water to bleed out all trapped air which may affect the test.
5
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
6
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
SECTION 2.0
MILD STEEL PIPES AND
SPECIALS
2.0
2.1
2.2
Scope
This section of the Specification covers the requirements for the manufacture
and testing of welded steel pipes together with specials complete with
internal and external protection systems.
2.3
Definition
The following terms shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them except
where the context clearly renders these meanings inapplicable.
"Pipes" means straight pipes, whether whole or in cut lengths.
"Pipe specials or specials" means tees, bends, tapers, collars, flange
adapters, blank flanges, expansion joints, mechanical joints, ring girders
and similar accessories.
2.4
Line pipe
API 5LS
API 1104
BS Handbook 19
BS 12
BS 3601
BS 729
BS 534
7
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
2.5
BS 903
BS 1154
BS 2494
BS 2569
BS 4147
BS 4232
BS 4360:1986
BS 4504
BS 4515
BS 5135
BS 5292
BS 5500
AWWA Mll
Submissions
The Contractor shall provide drawings, calculations and data in respect of
the following:i)
Drawings with descriptions to show the method of forming pipes and fittings
in standard lengths from steel sheets or strip.
ii)
For joints :
Drawings for spigot and socket joints showing allowable tolerances and
arrangements to permit air testing of completed joints on Site.
iii)
8
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
iv)
v)
2.6
2.7
Steel Pipes
Steel pipes shall be manufactured, except where stated otherwise hereunder,
in accordance with BS 534. Material for pipes shall be made from carbon
steel plate to Grade 43A of BS 4360:1986 or better with a minimum lower
yield stress of 275 N/mm2 supplied in plate or strip form as of appropriate
for the method of pipe manufacture. The pipes shall be formed by the
automatic submerged arc process, with either a longitudinal seam or a spiral
seam at the option of the Contractor. With the method of manufacture
decided upon, the relevant standard will then apply i.e. BS 534
The Contractor shall provide a ladle analysis of the steel used for the pipes
in accordance with Clause 7.1 of BS 4360:1986. Check analyses of the
finished pipe shall be taken in accordance with Clause 7.2 of BS 4360:1986.
In case of dispute, the methods of chemical analysis shall be in accordance
with BS Handbook No. 19.
9
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Unless otherwise specified, thickness of the steel pipe shells and the finished
internal diameters of the pipes shall be as shown in the following table :Outside
Diameter
(O.D)
(mm)
88.9
114.3
139.7
168.3
193.7
219.1
244.5
273
323.9
355.6
406.4
457
508
559
610
660
711
762
813
864
914
1016
1219
1422
1626
1829
2032
2235
*
Nominal
Diameter
(ND)
(mm)
Minimum
Nominal
Thickness
(mm)
Concrete
Lining
Thickness
(mm)
Bitumen
Enamel
Wrapping
(mm)
Mass
per
length
(plain
end)
80.0
3.2
6
3
6.76
100
3.6
6
3
9.83
125
3.6
6
3
12.1
150
3.6
6
3
14.6
175
4.0
10
4.5
18.7
200
4.0
10
4.5
21.2
225
4.0
10
4.5
23.7
250
4.0
10
4.5
26.5
300
4.0
10
4.5
31.6
350
4.5
13
6
39.0
400
4.5
13
6
44.6
450
5.0
13
6
55.7
500
5.0
13
6
62.0
550
6.3
13
6
85.9
600
6.3
13
6
93.9
650
6.3
19
6
102
700
6.3
19
6
109
750
6.3
19
6
117
800
7.1
19
6
141
850
7.1
19
6
150
900
7.1
19
6
159
1000
7.1
19
6
177
1200
8.0
19
6
239
1400
8.8
25
6
307
1600
10.0
25
6
399
1800
11.0
25
6
493
2000
12.5
25
6
623
2200
14.2
25
6
778
The above finished minimum steel shell thickness shall not be
to any negative tolerance for acceptance purpose.
Hydraulic
Test
Pressure
(Steel430)
70
70
70
70
70
70
70
64
54
56
49
48
43
50
45
42
39
36
38
36
34
31
29
27
27
26
27
28
subject
The thickness of pipes used for branch pipework off the main pipelines or for
use in forming specials shall be the greatest of the following:(a)
(b)
Unless otherwise approved by the S.O., standard length straight pipes shall
be manufactured with not more than three circumferential joints and with
an effective length as shown in the table below:-
10
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Finished Internal
Diameter
(mm)
Standard Length
(m)
9
6
11
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
2.9
Pipe Ends
Ends of pipes to be jointed shall generally be as follows :(a)
(b)
The spigot and socket joints for the spherical type shall be designed to take
angular deflections of up to 5 degrees from the axial to accommodate
changes of pipe gradient and/or direction at individual joints. For
hemispherical type, the angular deflections shall be up to 2 degrees.
Spigot and socket joints shall be of the spherical or hemispherical sleeve
type with a minimum penetration of the formed ends. The joint design shall
provide for the contact surface of the spigot end and the sleeve end to be
formed to the same spherical radius which shall be more than 50% of the
outside diameter of the barrel of the pipe for the spherical type and shall not
be less than 50% of the outside diameter of the barrel of the pipe for the
hemispherical type. The minimum penetration of the spigot into the socket
shall not be less than four times the pipe thickness and this overlap shall be
obtained at the maximum deflection of 5 or 2 degrees excluding pipe lining.
At zero deflection the minimum overlap shall be the minimum penetration as
above increased by such allowance as is necessary to ensure contact
between the spigot and socket over the specified maximum amount of joint
movement. The joint engagement tolerance in any position shall not exceed
an average of 1.60 mm with maximum isolated gaps of 2.00 mm adjacent to
the weld seams.
Pipe ends of the spherical or hemispherical type shall be formed by hydraulic
pressing using a full circle die or expanding former capable of forming ends
consistently to a constant spherical contact surface throughout the pipe
production run.
The internal surface of the socket and the external surface of the spigot shall
be ground smooth along the shop fusion welds for a distance of 150 mm
from pipe ends measured along the pipe axis.
The external surface of the plain ended pipes shall be similarly prepared.
All sockets shall have two tapped holes spaced at 90 degrees apart on the
circumference. They shall be of not less than 6 mm diameter and shall be
provided with matching plugs to facilitate the air pressure testing of field
welds. These tapped holes shall be located within the end 30 mm of the
sockets and shall be cleared of welding runs.
Ends prepared for butt welding shall be subject to manufacturing tolerances
in accordance with Table 6.3 of Std 5L or Table 6.2 of Std 5LS.
12
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Plain ends for use with mechanical joints or flange adaptor joints shall be
truly circular with a diameter tolerance of + 1 mm over a distance of 225 mm
from the pipe ends.
2.10
2.11
Flanged Joints
All flanges shall be of steel, welded to the pipe by the electric arc process or
other approved method. They shall conform in all respects with the
requirements of BS 4504 unless otherwise specified. They shall be of the
raised face type and shall be truly faced over their whole width. Bolt holes
shall be drilled off centre lines, truly in line end to end with the longitudinal
axis. All flanges shall be rated as 16 bar and confirm to table 11 of BS 4504
unless otherwise stated. All flanges shall be adequate to withstand test
pressures for the fittings to which they are attached and shall be in
accordance with BS 4504.
All materials required for use in the making of flanged joints including nuts,
bolts, washers and joint gaskets shall be supplied by the Contractor. Joint
gaskets shall be contained within the bolt pitch circle and shall be made
from 4.5 mm thick rubber to BS 1154 Class Y3 reinforced with two layers of
fabric in accordance with BS 5292. Each bolt shall be supplied and installed
with a nut and two washers and each bolt shall be of sufficient length to
show two threads past the nut when so installed.
Test certificates for the flange material shall be supplied. The finish on flange
joint surfaces shall be in accordance with Clause 4.4 of BS 4504.
Blank flanges shall be designed and supplied by the Contractor for an end
loading equivalent to the rating pressure of the flange. Lifting eyes or
handles and air release cocks shall be provided as necessary.
13
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
14
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
2.13
2.14
Collars
Collars shall be provided for jointing cut pipes or closure pieces by means of
internal and external fillet welding. Minimum lengths of collars shall be 250
mm. Collars may be provided as single split collars with temporary bolts and
lugs. Collars shall have two tapped and plugged holes of not less than 6 mm
diameter to permit air pressure testing of the joints after field welding, one
each side of the collar clear of the welding runs and approximately 25 mm
from the edge of the collar. The collar shall be 1.5 mm thicker than the
equivalent standard straight pipe thickness. Collars shall make close contact
around the circumferences of both pipes connected and the gap between the
ends of a split collar after tightening shall not exceed 3 mm. Split collar ends
shall be prepared for butt welding in the same manner as plain ends of pipes
prepared for butt welding in accordance with Std 5LS. The tolerances of the
collar shall be such that nowhere shall the gap between the inside surface of
the collar and the outside surface of the pipe at fillet weld locations exceed
the tolerances permitted for spigot and socket joints.
The overlap on each pipe shall not be less than 75 mm. Collar joints shall
not be required to take any deflection.
2.15
Retaining Rings
All flanged pipe ends, flanged branches and plain ends for use with
mechanical couplings or flange adaptors shall have a 6 mm steel retaining
ring welded into the bore of the pipe flush with the end of the pipe after
which the ring shall be zinc phosphate coated as specified followed by two
coats of bituminous paint. The radial thickness of the rings shall be similar
to the thickness of the concrete lining and shall not be less than 6 mm. The
ring shall be protected with two coats of approved two-pack epoxy based
enamel if it is too thick to be effectively covered by the concrete lining.
2.16
Physical Testing
Unless otherwise specified physical testing of the pipes shall also be in
accordance with Section 4 of Std 5L/S.
2.17
15
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Any pipe which fails to withstand the hydraulic test pressure or which
exhibits signs of porosity shall be deemed not to comply with this
Specification and shall be rejected unless otherwise decided.
2.18
Ring Girders
Ring girders shall be provided to conform with details shown on the
Drawings. They shall be supplied complete with all accessories. Metallic
parts are to be descaled to first quality standard in BS 7079 and painted
with two pack polyamide cured epoxy zinc phosphate primer with 75
microns minimum dry film thickness.
2.19
Protection
All pipes shall be protected both internally and externally against corrosion.
The pipes shall be protected externally with a double reinforced bitumen
enamel wrapping followed by internal protection with spun concrete lining.
Both types of protection shall be applied under factory conditions but not
necessarily at the place of manufacture of the pipes.
Internal and external protection at joints shall be completed on Site after
acceptance of joint weld tests.
2.20
2.21
External Coating
The pipes shall be coated with bitumen generally in accordance with Clauses
29 of BS 534 except that the protection shall have a minimum thickness of
4.8 mm for pipes over 324 mm od. The bitumen shall be Type 2 of BS 4147
16
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
and there shall be not less than 2 mm of bitumen between the inner and
outer wraps, and between the pipe and the inner wrap.
The coating shall be stopped short as shown on the Drawing for ends of all
spigot and socket pipes, and 250 mm from the ends of all plain ended pipes
for use with mechanical couplings or flange adaptors. The edge of the
wrapping shall be chamfered at 25 degrees.
2.22
Wrapping
The wrapping materials shall be spirally wound onto the pipes and specials
simultaneously with the bitumen coating. Each wrap shall be from 150-225
mm wide and the edges shall overlap by 12-25 mm. Care shall be taken to
ensure that the inner wrap does not come into contact with the pipe metal or
with the outer wrap.
The inner wrap shall be a glass fibre resin-bonded tissue reinforced in the
longitudinal direction with parallel glass threads spaced 10 mm apart. The
nominal thickness shall be 0.5 mm and the minimum weight shall 0.046
kg/m2.
The outer wrap shall be of glass fibre resin-bonded tissue reinforced in the
longitudinal direction with parallel glass threads spaced 10- 25 mm apart. It
shall be impregnated with a material fully compatible with the bitumen
coating to give a finished thickness of 0.75 mm.
2.23
2.24
2.25
17
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
aggregate and the maximum particle size shall not exceed 8 mm or one third
the thickness of the lining, whichever is the lesser. All materials used in
concrete for lining shall comply with the requirements for concrete.
The final aggregate grading and concrete mix proportions shall be such that
a hard, durable and dense concrete lining is obtained that satisfies the tests
laid down in Clause 33 of BS 534. Unless otherwise approved, the minimum
cement content shall be 330 kg/m3 and the water cement ratio of the mix
loaded into the pipe shall not exceed 0.42. Tests shall be carried out during
the lining of pipes to demonstrate that the concrete lining has a strength
equal to or greater than the minimum figures stated in Clause 33.5 of BS
534. The frequency of these tests shall be at least once every 250 m length of
pipe lined or during each working shift, whichever is the greater.
The testing of concrete cubes shall be conducted at the factory of
manufacture and certificate for testing shall be provided.
All straight pipes shall be concrete lined by the use of a lining machine
designed and built for the purpose of rotating the pipe and centrifugally
applying the lining at sufficient speeds to meet the requirements set out
below. The support or holding device for the pipe shall be such as to avoid
damage to the pipe coating during the spinning operation. If the pipe is
rotated by direct contact drive from the machine it shall be supported over at
least 90 degrees of its circumference and driven by non-metallic surfaced
belts of sufficient width to avoid coating damage. The speed of rotation of the
pipe during the lining compaction stage shall be such as to provide a radial
acceleration of at least 250 m/s2. The rotational drive shall be capable of
close control and provide smooth acceleration and deceleration when
working up to and down from the compaction spinning stage.
Immediately before lining commences, the pipe bore shall be cleaned of all
loose scale, rust, oil, grease or any other foreign matter likely to contaminate
or harm the concrete. Areas where an approved priming coat has bonded to
the pipe such that wire brushing does not cause areas to flake off will be
acceptable as a base for applying the lining.
The entire quantity of concrete required for the lining shall be applied
without interruption, and spinning shall continue until the specified
thickness is evenly distributed over the inside of the pipe, all surplus water
has been removed and the greatest possible density of concrete has been
obtained. Tolerance on the thickness of lining shall be as follows :(i)
(ii)
accordance with Clause 33.2 of BS 534. During the lining process, all
rebound material, dribbles, etc. shall be removed so that the lining is applied
in a homogeneous mass to a clean surface.
Inspection of the lining shall be carried out at any time prior to and after
installation of the pipes. Any pipe with lining that is broken, defective or
otherwise not in accordance with the Specification may be rejected. Remedial
lining operations may be carried out by a method that has been approved in
writing in advance by the S.O.. The standard of the remedial lining shall
satisfy the requirements of this Specification.
Surface crazing of the lining will be acceptable unless cracks are severe
enough that they can be penetrated to a depth of 2 mm by a 250 microns
feeler gauge at 10 points or more over a length of 300 mm when measured
with the lining in a saturated condition. These cracks shall be cut back to
full depth and sealed with an approval epoxy resin filler.
Linings applied to pipes shall be cured in such a manner as will enable
concrete to obtain and subsequently retain optimum strength, density and
durability.
Linings shall be kept moist by continuous water spraying for a period of at
least 3 days. They shall then be protected from sunlight and kept damp by
spraying with water or other means approved by the S.O. for a further period
of 7 days. Pipes shall not be removed from the factory until at least 14 days
have elapsed from the date of lining.
2.26
b)
Plain Ends
For butt straps or collar joints, the lining shall terminate 90mm back
from the pipe end. The edge of the lining shall be angled back at
3mm.
For mechanical coupling and flange adaptor joints, the lining shall be
brought right against the retaining rings.
2.27
19
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
2.28
End Protection
The concrete lining and the external coating of pipes and specials to be
jointed by welding shall be omitted for a sufficient distance from the ends to
prevent damage to the protection during site welding.
The unlined surfaces shall be protected with a suitably approved ensis oil or
similar material during manufacture so that extensive cleaning of the
surface is not required before and after jointing on site.
2.29
2.30
2.31
Handling
Coated pipes shall be lifted and moved only by wide non-abrasive slings or
by other means acceptable to the S.O. Wire ropes, chains and hooks shall
not be permitted to come in contact with the coating. No pipe shall be moved
by rolling.
Coated pipes shall be stacked in one layer only and in such a manner that
the coating is not damaged. Unless under exceptional situation with
adequate provision for pipe protection and handling, stacking in two layers
may be considered by the S.O. Adequate packing between pipes for this
purpose must be supplied by the Contractor. Coated pipes must be kept
clear of the ground and rested on padded sleepers or supports.
20
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
21
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Laying MS Pipe
No pipes shall be rolled into place for lowering into the trench. If a crane is
used for handling the pipes into the trench, the pipes shall be slung with
slings passed around the outside as specified in Clause 2.31. A recess shall
be formed in the trench foundation beneath to permit each sling to be
withdrawn without damage to the pipe coating or sheathing. All struts at
the ends of the pipes and pipe specials shall not be removed until they are
ready for engagement.
Before any pipe or special is lowered into the trench, it shall be cleaned and
re-examined for cracks and flaws whilst hanging in the sling. The trench
bottom shall be free from all rock, boulders, stones or hard particles, which
may cause damage to the sheathing of MS pipes. The trench shall be bedded
as shown on the drawings. If the pipes are undamaged and the trench
bottom bedded properly the pipes shall be placed in position ready for
jointing. Care should be taken not to drop the pipes particularly at
fabricated fitting junctures.
Except for pipework to be embedded in concrete, all pipes and specials shall
be placed on a solid and even foundation for their full length. Pipes and
specials shall be placed in position singly and the order of laying pipes shall
be subject to the approval of the S.O.
Joint holes for shall be formed in the excavation as necessary for the
convenient and proper making of the welded joints, and each pipe or
specials shall be individually set for line and level using boning rods.
22
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Welding MS Pipe
All electric arc welding equipment shall be to the approval of the S.O..
The Contractor shall submit details of the welding procedure which he
proposes to adopt for the S.O.'s approval. Details shall include: (i) Make, type and gauge of electrodes
(ii) Size, shape and number of runs in welded joint
(iii) Direction of welding
(iv)
Current strength
(v)
Welder competency certificate
The Contractor shall make test specimens on pipes of the same size and
thicknesses as the pipelines to be welded. These pipes shall be supplied by
the Contractor. The joints shall be tested in the presence of the S.O. for
each procedure proposed in accordance with the requirements of BS 4515.
Only procedures approved in writing by the S.O. shall be adopted in the
welding of the pipelines, and change from one procedure to another will not
be permitted without submitting the new procedure for re-testing.
2.35
23
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
tightly onto the pipes using the lugs and welded longitudinally. After
completion of the internal and external circumferential welds, the lugs shall be
removed and the longitudinal weld completed.
The weld shall be of the convex full fillet type for lap welded joints made
manually by the metal arc process using approved types of electrodes. Each
time the arc is started it shall be manipulated to obtain complete fusion of the
weld metal with the pipe metal and any previously deposited weld metal.
Before welding over any previously deposited weld metal all slag shall be
completely removed and the weld metal and the adjacent pipe metal shall be
cleaned by wire brushing.
All welds shall be subject to inspection by the S.O. and shall comply with the
requirements of BS 5135 for freedom from undercutting, fusion penetration
and soundness.
Welded joints for large diameter pipes of 1000 mm dia and above shall be
radiographed at random as directed by the S.O. At least 2 strips each for
internal and external welds shall be sampled for quality check for a slip joint.
The Contractor shall make all the necessary arrangement apparatus and
equipment and a specialist to carry out the test. The analytical report in
duplicate shall be submitted to the S.O. three days after the test. If the weld
does not meet the requirements of the Specification, the welds will have to be
gouged out and made good. The repaired welds shall be radiographed again at
no extra cost to the client.
2.36
2.37
24
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Priming and sheathing material for the purpose shall be provided by the
Contractor including the supply of all the necessary mould boxes and funnels
required to form the protective mould and whiting for use in lining the mould
boxes prior to each pour. The Contractor shall also supply all necessary
boilers to heat the bitumen to the application temperature recommended by
the manufacturer.
The use of method other than the above shall subject to the approval of the
S.O..
2.38
2.39
Testing MS Pipeline
2.39.1
Test Pressure
The test pressure to be applied shall be 15 bar at the lowest point.
2.39.2
Leakage Testing
In testing, the main shall be filled with clean water and properly vented to
remove trapped air. After a period of 24 hours, the pressure shall be raised by
pumping to the specified test pressure. Pumping shall then cease at 10 bar
and after a period of 24 hours, pumping shall be resumed and the quantity
required to be pumped, in order to restore the test pressure, divided by the
time, shall be the measure of the rate of loss.
The length of main under test shall be deemed to have passed the test if the
leakage does not exceed 0.1 litre per mm of internal diameter per 24 hour per
kilometre of pipeline per 30m of water pressure.
2.40
Protection in Transit
All pipes and specials shall be protected prior to despatch from the
manufacturer's works. All flanges shall have wooden discs bolted on. All
other ends of pipes and fittings shall be protected against impact damage
and entry of foreign matter. The protection shall take into account the end
use intended for the pipes and whether or not the final protection has been
completed.
25
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Notice of Deliveries
The Contractor shall send to the S.O. advance notices and obtain the S.O.'s
approval of all consignments. Every consignment shall be accompanied by a
detailed delivery note with the item number of each pipe or specials itemised
in the Bill of Quantities.
2.42
2.43
Inspection
All pipes and specials to be supplied under the Contract shall be inspected
by the S.O. or an Inspector appointed by the Employer at the Contractors
premises or at the places of manufacture if manufactured at other premises.
The Contractor shall provide such office facilities, assistance, labour,
materials, electricity supply, fuel, stores, apparatus and instruments
including X-ray or gama ray equipment, ultrasonic thickness indicators and
high voltage holiday detectors as may be necessary to allow a thorough and
extensive inspection to be carried out.
The S.O. or the Inspector shall be entitled at all times during manufacture to
inspect, examine and test on the Contractors premises or at the places of
manufacture if manufactured at other premises, the materials and
workmanship of the pipes and specials. Such inspection, examination or
testing including the inspection by the S.O. or Inspector shall not relieve the
Contractor from any of his obligations under the Contract.
26
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
2.44
The diameter and its consecutive number of standard length pipes shall be
repeated on the lining just inside on both ends of the pipes.
The item number and diameter of branch in the case of tees and the angle in
degrees in case of bends shall similarly be repeated on the lining.
2.45
27
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
SECTION 3.0
DUCTILE IRON PIPES AND
FITTINGS
3.0
3.1
General
All pipes, specials and fittings must be from SAJH approved sources and be to
SAJH specifications (SAJH PS/DI/001).
3.2
3.3
Process of Manufacture
The manufacturing method for ductile iron pipes and fittings shall comply
with BS EN 545:2002.
Pipes shall be cast centrifugally in metal or sand mould. Fittings and
accessories shall also be cast in metal or sand mould. Pipes, fittings and
accessories may be subjected, if necessary, to suitable heat treatment in order
to given them the required mechanical characteristics. The metal used shall
be such that the pipes and fittings are of ductile iron with minimum strength
of 420 N/sq.mm and 0.2% proof stress of 300 N/sq.mm.
3.4
3.5
28
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Outside
Diameter
Class K9
Pipes With
Cast-on
Flanges
Class K12
100
150
118
170
4.8
5.0
6.0
6.0
7.2
7.8
200
250
300
222
274
326
5.4
5.8
6.2
6.3
6.8
7.2
8.4
9.0
9.6
350
400
450
378
429
480
7.0
7.8
-
7.7
8.1
8.6
10.2
10.8
11.4
500
600
700
800
532
635
738
842
9.0
9.9
10.8
11.7
12.0
13.2
14.4
15.6
3.6
Tolerance On Dimensions
The tolerance on wall thickness, length, diameter and standard mass of
pipes and fittings shall be in accordance with BS EN 545:2002.
3.7
3.7.1
3.7.2
Zinc Coating
The pipe surface shall be dry, free from rust and non-adhering particles or
any oil or grease. The zinc is normally applied on the pipe with oxide skin
out, at the manufacturer's option, it may be applied on a blast cleaned pipe
surface.
29
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
3.7.3
Coating Characteristics
(a) Appearance
The zinc coating shall cover the external surface of the pipe and the mass
of coating shall comply with 3.7.3 (b). The coating shall adhere to the
pipe surface and shall not display bare patches.
A spiralled appearance is permissible provided the uniformity of the
coating complies with 3.7.3 (c).
Pipes having `damaged' areas of coating of up to a maximum of 5
sq.cm/sq.m of pipe surface shall not need repair, provided that minor
dimension of the damaged area does not exceed 5 mm, where damage is
defined as the removal of the zinc coating. Greater areas of damage shall
be repaired in accordance with 3.7.5.
At the manufacturer's option the socket face and spigot joint area may
not be coated with metallic zinc.
Where the spigot joint area is not coated with metallic zinc, a coating of
zinc rich paint shall be applied to the spigot joint area in accordance with
3.7.5 (b).
(b) Zinc Coating Mass
The mean mass per unit area of sprayed metallic zinc, as measured in
accordance with 3.7.4 (b), shall not be less than 130 g/sq.m.
(c) Uniformity of Coating
The uniformity of coating shall be such that the mass of zinc coating of
any 25mm x 25mm area shall not be less than 100 g/sq.m.
3.7.4
Verification Process
(a) Visual Inspection
The manufacturer shall visually inspect every pipe for quality and
uniformity of zinc coating.
(b) Determination of Mean Zinc Coating Mass
The manufacturer shall carry out measurements to ensure the mean
mass per unit area zinc coatings complies with 3.7.3 (b). The
determination of the mean zinc coating mass applied to pipes (see 3.8.1)
shall be carried out in accordance with appendix G of BS EN 545:2002.
3.7.5
Repairs
The manufacturer shall carry out repairs to damaged areas of coating, see
3.7.3(a), or uncoated areas, e.g. the area left uncoated as result of applying
30
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Finishing Layer
After zinc coating, the pipe shall be coated with a finishing layer as specified
in Clause 3.8.
3.8
3.9
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SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Nominal
Limit Deviation
Maximum crack
width and radial
displacement
4.0
5.0
6.0
9.0
-1.5
-2
-2.5
-3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.8
Flexible Joints
Flexible joints either of the push-on type or of the `mechanical type' shall be
in accordance with the manufacturer's standard dimensions and tolerance.
Unless otherwise specified, pipes of DN 80 to DN 1600 inclusive and fittings
of DN 80 to DN 600 inclusive shall be supplied with `push-on' type joints.
Pipes and fittings of other diameters shall be supplied with `mechanical' type
joints. The gasket for the joint shall be in accordance with BS EN 545:2002
and BS 2494.
Flexible joints shall be supplied complete with bolts, nuts, washers, glands,
rubber gaskets and other accessories necessary for making water-tight
flexible connection between spigot and socket ended pipes and fittings.
3.11
Flanged Joints
Standard flanges shall be drilled in accordance with BS EN 545:2002 and
dimensionally compatible with the corresponding flanges that are in
accordance with BS 4504:1989.
The pressure ratings of the flanges shall be PN 16 or PN 25 as specified in
the Bills of Quantities.
Each set of flange joints shall be supplied complete with nuts, bolts, washers
and joint gaskets. Joint gaskets shall be in accordance with BS 4865 : Part I.
32
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Bolts and nuts shall be mild steel, hexagonal and shall be in accordance with
BS 916.
3.12
80 to 300
350 to 600
700 to 800
900 to 1200
1400 to 1600
*
Factory hydrostatic
leak-tightness test
pressures for pipes and
fittings with cast-on
flanges
PN 16
Flanges
PN 25
Flanges
bar
(gauge)
bar
(gauge)
bar
(gauge)
bar (gauge)
50
40
32
32
25
25
25
25
25
25
32
32
32
25
25
25
16
10
10
2*
33
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
3.13
3.14
Cutting of Pipes
Pipes which are to be cut to enable fittings to be accurately positioned or to
form closing pieces in any portion of the pipeline, to terminate in manholes
or other parts of the work shall be cut neatly by skilled workers using pipe
cutters appropriate for the type and diameter of the pipe.
The cut ends of pipes shall be smoothed and bevelled to ensure proper
positioning at the joint without damage to the jointing rings.
After cutting, damage to external coating shall be repaired by applying the
original coating material by brush. Damage to internal lining shall be
repaired by touching up with cement mortar of the same composition as the
original lining.
3.15
Packing
Loose parts such as couplings, flanges, bolts and nuts, rubber rings and
gaskets shall be packed in weatherproof crates with the identification of
SAJH and content labelled.
3.16
Polyethylene Sheathing
Where sheathing of the pipeline is required due to corrosive soil, polyethylene
sheath of 200 microns thick with a tolerance of 25 microns shall be
supplied as specified in the Bills of Quantities. The sheath shall be seamless
longitudinally, free from pinholes and tears and no regenerated material
shall be used in the process of manufacture. Each length of sheath shall be
at least 1.0 metre longer than the corresponding pipe and supplied complete
with adhesive tape.
The polyethylene sheath shall be placed over the pipe starting from the
spigot end. Care shall be taken to ensure that the sleeve is rolled towards the
socket end without causing tear to the sheath.
At joint and fittings, sufficient slack in the sheath shall be provided to
prevent damage during backfilling.
To prevent ingress of water and dirt between the pipe and sheath, the sheath
shall be secured with adhesive tapes at folds, open ends and other parts of
the pipe as required.
34
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
3.17
Handling
Pipes and specials shall be lifted and moved only by wide non-abrasive slings
or by other means acceptable to the Engineer. Wire ropes, chain and hooks
shall not be permitted to come in contact with external coatings or internal
linings.
3.18
Laying DI Pipes
No pipes shall be rolled into place for lowering into the trench. If a crane is
used for handling the pipes into the trench, the pipes shall be slung with
slings passed around the outside as specified in Clause 3.15. A recess shall
be formed in the trench foundation beneath to permit each sling to be
withdrawn without damage to the pipe coating or sheathing. All struts at
the ends of the pipes and pipe specials shall not be removed until they are
ready for engagement.
Before any pipe or special is lowered into the trench, it shall be cleaned and
re-examined for cracks and flaws whilst hanging in the sling. The trench
bottom shall be free from all rock, boulders, stones or hard particles, which
may cause damage to the sheathing of DI pipes. The trench shall be bedded
as shown on the drawings. If the pipes are undamaged and the trench
bottom bedded properly the pipes shall be placed in position ready for
jointing. Care should be taken not to drop the pipes particularly at
fabricated fitting junctures.
Except for pipework to be embedded in concrete, all pipes and specials shall
be placed on a solid and even foundation for their full length. Pipes and
specials shall be placed in position singly and the order of laying pipes shall
be subject to the approval of the S.O.
Joint holes for shall be formed in the excavation as necessary for the
convenient and proper making of the welded joints, and each pipe or
specials shall be individually set for line and level using boning rods.
Pipes and specials to be embedded in concrete shall be held firmly in
position and protected from damage while the concrete is being placed.
Should any pipe become either partially or wholly clogged before final
acceptance of the work, it shall be cleaned out or replaced by the Contractor
at his own expense.
After laying, the interior of pipes or specials shall be carefully cleaned again
to remove any debris, dirt, stones or other matter that may have entered
during laying.
Except when work is actually proceeding, all open ends of pipes and
specials in the trench shall be kept closed by means of a fine wire gauge
wooden stoppers or other approved means, to prevent the entry of dirt,
stones and the like, but such stopper shall allow the entry of water.
35
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
3.19
3.20
ii)
Remove all foreign material such as sand, mud, gravel, dirt and
paint flakes.
iii)
Clean the rubber gasket and insert it into the socket in the
following manner :
For Diameter Under 600mm
1)
2)
3)
Align the white marks of the rubber gasket with the marks
on the face of the socket end and insert the gasket into the
socket in the form of a clover-leaf.
2)
36
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
3)
iv)
v)
Clean the external surface of the spigot end and apply lubricant to
the external surface of the spigot. Ensure that the lubricant covers
the entire end to the first white line of the spigot.
vi)
Align the spigot with the gasket and attach the jointing tools as
follows:
For Diameter Under 150mm
1)
Attach the wire rope and set the fork into position
2)
Set the lever-block into the position. One (1) lever block
shall be sufficient.
2)
vii)
1)
Set the lever-block into position. Two (2) lever block shall be
sufficient.
2)
When first of the two white lines marked around the spigot
disappears into the socket, the jointing is finished.
37
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Make a bell hole the pipe socket and spigot to provide additional
space for tightening bolts and nuts.
ii)
iii)
iv)
Clean the rubber gasket and place it on the spigot. The gasket
shall be placed about 200mm from the end of the spigot.
v)
Clean the internal surface of the socket and remove all foreign
materials.
vi)
Apply lubricant to the external surface of the spigot and the gasket
and to the internal surface of the socket. Ensure that the lubricant
covers the entire end to the first white line of the spigot.
vii)
Align the socket with the spigot and push the gasket into the
clearance between the spigot and the socket.
viii)
Centre the gland, align the bolt holes and insert the bolts at the top
and bottom then left and right side, tighten the bolts slightly.
ix)
Insert the remaining bolts into the bolts holes and gradually
tighten them.
x)
Check tightness of all bolts and nuts with the use of a torque
wrench. Correct torque for bolts and nuts is specified in the
following table :Tightening Torque of Bolts & Nuts for Mechanical Joint
Bolt Size
Torque
(kgm)
Diameter of Pipe
(mm)
Recommended
Average Handle
Length (mm)
M20
M24
M30
10
14
20
100 600
700 800
900 2,600
250
350
450
38
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
3.21
Testing DI Pipelines
3.21.1
Test Pressure
Leakage Testing
In testing, the main shall be filled with clean water and properly vented to
remove trapped air. After a period of 24 hours, the pressure shall be raised by
pumping to the specified test pressure. Pumping shall then cease at 10 bar
and after a period of 24 hours, pumping shall be resumed and the quantity
required to be pumped, in order to restore the test pressure, divided by the
time, shall be the measure of the rate of loss.
The length of main under test shall be deemed to have passed the test if the
leakage does not exceed 0.1 litre per mm of internal diameter per 24 hour per
kilometre of pipeline per 30m of water pressure.
3.22
In the case of fittings, these marks shall be placed on the body of each fitting
along with its main characteristics (ie. the angle of bend in degrees, the
pressure rating of the flange etc.). For pipes and fittings having a spigot end
for use with a `push-on' type joint, socket penetration lines (two white
painted lines) shall be painted on the spigot end of the pipes and fittings.
39
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
SECTION 4.0
POLYETHYLENE (PE) PIPES AND
FITTINGS
4.0
4.1
General
All pipes, specials and fittings must be of SAJH approved source and be to
SAJH specifications (SAJH PS/PE/001) and (SAJH PS/PE/002).
4.2
Scope
This Specification covers the supply of polyethylene (PE) pipes and
electrofusion couplers, tapping tees and fittings complying to the following
Specifications :
(a) SAJH/PS/PE/001 Polyethylene (PE) Pipes for Water Supply System.
(b) MS 1058 : 1994 - Specification for PE pipes for water supply
(c) Water Industry Specification 4-32-06 - Specification for Polyethylene
electro fusion couplers and fittings for cold potable water supply for
nominal sizes up to and including 180. SEPT 1989: Issue 1
(d) Water Industry Specification 4-32-15 - Specification for PE 80 and PE 100
spigot fittings and drawn bends for nominal sizes up to and including
1000mm, March 1995 : Issue 1.
(e) DIN 16963 : 1980 Part 1 to 14 - Pipe joint assemblies and fittings for types
1 and 2 high density PE pressure pipes.
(f) British Standard BS 5750 : Part 2 (EN 29002)(ISO 9002) - Specification for
production and installation 1994.
(g) SAJH refer to JKR 20200-0053-99 JKR Tender Specification for PE
Systems for Water Supply.
PE pipes to be supplied under this Contract shall conform with MS 1058 :
1994. All plain ended fittings for butt welding shall be made from pipes of the
same pressure rating, dimensions, shape and performance, and shall comply
with DIN 16963 : 1980. Electro fusion couplers, tapping tees and fittings shall
conform generally with UK Water Industry Specification 4-32-06.
Manufacturers shall preferably operate a quality system in compliance with
BS 5750 : Part 2 ( EN 29002 )( ISO 9002 ).
4.3
Interpretation
In compliance with existing standard nomenclature, references to
" polyethylene or PE" shall infer both high density polyethylene (HDPE).
40
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
4.4
Manufacturing Process
All PE pipes and fittings shall be manufactured by manufacturers whose
product are certified by SIRIM or other approved institutions. They shall have
adequate quality assurance systems related to the production of PE pipes.
The pipes shall be manufactured by an extrusion process using polyethylene
material compounded by the material supplier. Plain ended segmental fittings
shall be made by fabrication with the same PE pipes. Electrofusion couplers,
tapping tees and fittings shall be moulded with the heating elements wires
embedded in the bores of the fittings.
4.5
Polyethylene Materials
The pipes and fittings shall be manufactured from polyethylene containing
only those anti-oxidants, UV stabilizers and carbon black necessary for the
manufacture of the pipes and fittings to this Specification and to its end use
including weldability. The material shall be compounded by the material
supplier.
Mixing of master batch by pipe manufacturers is not permitted. No reworked
material shall be used in the manufacture of pipes and fittings including
segmental fittings.
The materials shall be of type PE 80. The classification and compliance of the
material to the requirements of MS 1058 : 1994 shall be certified by an
independent and approved testing institution.
Fittings not made of polyethylene shall be capable of withstanding the same
service requirements as the PE pipes. The material used for fittings shall be
compatible with material used in the PE pipe system.
4.6
Dimensions
The nominal outside diameter and wall thickness of the PE pipe corresponding
to the rated nominal pressures (PN) and the maximum working pressures
shall be as shown in Table 4.1 unless otherwise specified.
The standard lengths of straight pipes shall be 9m for pipes above 125mm
dia. The standard length of coils shall be 100m for pipes below 125mm dia.
PE pipes of outside diameter up to 125mm are allowed to be coiled. The
internal diameter of the coils should not be less than 25 times the nominal
pipe outer diameter.
The tolerances on wall thickness and diameter of pipes shall be in accordance
with MS 1058 :1994.The tolerances on length and standard weight of pipes
shall be as shown in Table 4.2 and Table 4.3 :The dimensions of fittings for butt welding shall be in accordance with DIN
16963 : 1980. The dimension of electrofusion couplers shall conform generally
with WIS4-32-14.
41
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Nominal
Diameter for
PE Pipes
(mm)
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
630
4.7
Table 4.1
Wall Thickness for PE 80 Pipes
Wall Thickness (mm)
PN 16
Min
2.0
2.3
3.0
3.6
4.5
5.6
7.1
8.4
10.1
12.3
14.0
17.9
20.1
22.4
25.2
27.9
31.3
35.2
39.7
44.7
50.3
-
Max
2.3
2.7
3.4
4.1
5.1
6.3
8.0
9.4
11.3
13.7
15.6
19.8
22.3
24.8
27.9
30.8
34.6
38.9
43.8
49.3
55.5
-
PN 12.5
Min
2.0
2.3
3.0
3.7
4.6
5.8
6.8
8.2
10.0
11.4
14.6
16.4
18.2
20.5
22.7
25.4
28.6
32.2
36.3
40.9
45.4
50.8
57.2
Max
2.3
2.7
3.4
4.2
5.2
6.5
7.6
9.2
11.1
12.7
16.2
18.2
20.2
22.7
25.1
28.1
31.6
35.6
40.1
45.1
50.1
56.0
63.1
PN 16
14
15.4
19
24.8
31
38.8
48.8
58.2
69.8
85.4
97
124.2
139.8
155.2
174.6
194.2
217.4
244.6
275.6
310.6
349.4
-
Internal
Diameter
(mm)
PN 12.5
16
20.4
26
32.6
40.8
51.4
61.4
73.6
90
102.2
130.8
147.2
163.6
184
204.6
229.2
257.8
290.6
327.4
368.2
409.2
458.4
515.6
Outside
Diameter
(mm)
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
125
160
180
200
225
250
280
315
355
400
450
500
560
630
Flanged Connections
All flanges shall be to PN16 pressure rating and dimensionally similar to BS
4504 : : 1989 Table 11. Each set of flange connection shall be supplied
complete with gaskets, nuts, bolts and washers. The flange, nuts and bolts
shall be protected with not less than 200 microns thick coating of Fusion
Bonded Epoxy Powder. Washers shall be hot dipped galvanised.
42
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Table 4.2
Permissible Variations for Pipe Lengths
Permissible Variation
Coiled Bundles, Unwound Length
+1%
- 0%
+10mm
- 0mm
+20mm
- 0mm
Table 4.3
Permissible Variation For Weights
Permissible Variation
4.8
8% by wt.
5% by wt.
5% by wt.
Works Tests
The following tests on the pipe samples shall be conducted, all in accordance
to MS 1058 : 1994
(i) Dimensions
(ii) Surface finish and marking
(iii) Pressure test 165h, 80 C
(iv) Thermal stability
(v) Longitudinal reversion
4.9
Packing
Loose parts such as couplings, flanges, bolts and nuts, rubber rings and
gaskets shall be packed in weather proof crates with the identification of the
Consignee and the contents labelled.
43
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
4.10
4.10.1
General
44
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
4.10.3
Storage
Coiled pipes shall be stored on a firm, flat surface and to a maximum height of
two metres to prevent distortion to the bottom convolutions. Coils shall be tied
at intermittent points and as a complete coil to prevent slippage and distortion
within the coil.
Where storage facilities necessitate the material to be exposed externally, the
pipes shall be properly covered up.
Adequate space shall be allowed for lifting machinery to manoeuvre around
the pipe stacks without causing accidental damage to the pipes.
Where individual pipes are laid out and stacked to a triangular form,
deformation may occur to the pipes in the lower layers, particularly during
warm weather. Such stacks shall therefore be not greater than one metre
high. Socketed or coupled pipes shall be stacked with the sockets at alternate
ends and with the sockets protruding to avoid uneven stacking which may
permanently distort the pipes.
At all times pipes and fittings shall be stored away from exhaust outlets and
all other high temperature sources. Care shall be taken to avoid contact with
lubricating or hydraulic oils, gasoline, solvents and other aggressive
chemicals.
The pipe storage areas shall be provided with adequate access for construction
vehicles and/or lifting equipments.
4.10.4
Precautions
Sharp sections which could cause indentation or scoring to the pipes shall not
be allowed to bear against the pipes.
Pipes pre-assembled with fittings or flanges shall be stacked or supported so
that the ends are free from loading and protected from damage. Pipes cut and
squared for butt fusion shall be handled with the utmost care to keep the pipe
ends from damage, particularly during transportation.
Straight pipes stacked for storage or transportation shall be supported
continuously and evenly to minimise distortions. Padded supports of at least
75mm bearing width at spacing not greater than one metre centres may be
placed beneath to support the pipes.
During coiling and uncoiling care should be taken to maintain the coil
diameter to the specified minimum of 25 times the outside diameter to prevent
kinking.
4.11
For each size and type of fitting, the fusion time inclusive of cooling time at a
45
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
46
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
4.12
PE Compression Fittings
The compression fittings shall be suitable for quick jointing of PE pipes
system. Pressure rating for fittings of 16mm to 110mm NOD shall be up to 16
bar.
The whole fittings shall be manufactured from resistant thermoplastic resins
of polypropylene type. Dimensions shall generally be in accordance with DIN
8076 and BS 5114 1975. The fittings and the manufacturers shall be
approved by the S.O. before ordering.
4.13
4.14
Laying PE Pipes
The pipes or specials shall be inspected by the S.O. or his representatives
for deep cuts or scratches, which are deeper than 10% of the pipe wall
thickness. The depth shall be measured with approved depth gauges of
suitable accuracy supplied for the sole use of the S.O. or his representatives
by the Contractor. All damaged or flawed section of pipes shall be cut out
and removed to the satisfaction of the S.O. before jointing according to
Clause 4.13.
The pipes and specials shall be jointed by automatic butt or electro fusion
welding to form a string above ground and shall be supported by smooth
rollers support of a design approved by the S.O. Three standard lengths of
pipe on each side of the fusion machine shall have a minimum of two (2) roller
supports per length of pipe. All fusion joints shall be inspected and assessed
with joint record printouts from the automatic butt or electro fusion machine.
All joints shall be approved by the S.O. or his representatives before the
Contractor is allowed to proceed with pipelaying
47
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
works. The maximum pulling length of fusion jointed PE pipes into position
alongside or directly into pipe trench after fusion jointing shall not exceed
300m or length limited by the hydraulic actuator of the automatic butt
fusion machine. Dragging on ground surface is strictly prohibited. All
jointing of specials, tees closing lengths etc to be conducted in the trench
shall be by automatic electrofusion couplers or other electrofusion fittings.
The trench bottom shall be free from all rocks, boulders, stones or hard
particles which may damage the pipe walls. Before any pipes or specials are
lowered into the trench, the pipes and specials are to be rechecked for deep
cut and scratches described above and the fusion joints cooled sufficiently
(specified cooling time for the last joint has elapsed) before stress is imposed
upon any premade joints. When lowering pipe into trenches, care should be
taken to avoid scoring of the pipe by contact with the sides and bottom of
the trench. Special care shall be needed when passing under/around
obstruction or other utilities. Pipe roller supports for the first four lengths of
pipes from the pipe end to be lowered into the trench shall be provided. Cut
section of rejected or damaged PE pipes, planks and rope shall be used for
protecting the remaining pipes where appropriate but wire ropes or chains
shall not be used.
The trench bottom shall be bedded with well graded free flowing granular
sand that is free from stones or hard particles larger than 6mm diameter.
Gradual changes in direction can be accommodated by pipe deflection but
the pipe shall not be cold bent to a radius smaller than twenty-five(25) times
the outer diameter of the pipe. Under no circumtances shall hot bending in
any form be allowed on site. A minimum distance of 300mm from
obstruction and other services shall always be maintained. The pipe shall be
kept as central as possible within the trench to enable correct side-fill
compaction but some snaking to compensate for thermal expansion of the
pipe will be allowed.
Pipes and specials to be embedded in concrete shall be firmly held in
position and protected from damage during pouring or compaction by a
heavy duty polyethylene sheet. Should any pipe or specials become either
partially or wholly clogged before final acceptance of work, it shall be
cleaned out or replaced by the Contractor at his own expense.
After laying the interior of pipes or specials shall be carefully cleaned to
remove any debris, dirt, stones or other matter that may have entered
during laying.
Except when work is proceeding, all open ends of pipes and specials in the
trench shall be kept closed by means of a fine wire gauge, wooden stopper
or other approved means to prevent the entry of dirt, soil, stones and the
like, but shall allow the entry of water.
4.15
Welding PE Pipes
All PE pipes shall be jointed by fully automatic butt fusion welding equipment.
All PE pipes specials and tapping saddles shall be jointed by fully automatic
electrofusion equipment. All automatic fusion equipments shall have joints
data retrieval facility allowing joint records to be retrieved
48
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
and printed. A printer for each fusion machine used on site shall be
supplied to the S.O. for his sole use. An electronic data transfer unit
suitable for use with the Butt and Electrofusion machines to transfer all
joints data to a computer shall also be provided by the Contractor for the
sole use of the S.O..
The full set of Automatic Butt Fusion welding machine shall comprise the
following :
(a) Chassis and Clamps which are sufficiently robust to accurately align
the pipe to be jointed and have insert rings to fit different pipe
diameters up to 315mm nominal outer diameter.
(b) Hydraulic/Pneumatic Unit capable of actuating the clamp unit to
provide adequate force and speed of operation for pipes diameter up
to 315mm nominal outer diameter. The pressure required shall be
automatically set and calculated by the control box.
(c) Trimming/Planning Tool capable of being mounted securely within
the frame of the jointing machine, to prevent twist during trimming
and planning to produce accurately matched planed surface.
(d) Electrically operated heating plate with temperature controller for a
uniform temperature range of between 200 to 220 deg. C. The plate
shall be uniformly coated with teflon having adequate release
properties and fitted with an accurate temperature probe using a
digital thermometer.
(e) Control Box designed to carry out the operations automatically for
pipes diameter up to 315 nominal outer diameter with the following
facilities :
(1) Automatic interlock of the entire joint cycle with correct heater
temperature;
(2) Ambient temperature compensation at bead-up; nominal dwell
time less than two seconds; constant monitoring of pipe
slippage;
(3) Automatic monitoring of cooling cycle;
(4) Identification of real time; date; job and operator for every joint;
(5) Pipe selection programme specific to material type; diameter and
SDR rating;
(6) Automatic recognition of dual pressure welding conditions for
thick wall pipes;
49
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
(7) Complete data retrieval facility for all joints via a data printer or
electronic transfer to comply with BS 5750:Part 1 4.9.2 on
special processes;
(8) Audible alarm to alert operator at critical stages.
(f)
(2)
(3)
Automatic jointing
The operator shall check that the machine is levelled with
appropriate levelling apparatus, input operator code, identify
pipe materials and diameter and after inspecting trimming
start
50
Trimming of pipe ends square axis and any burrs removed. Check
pipes and fittings for correct fit into couplers. If the pipes are found
to be too oval to fit into couplers, the pipes shall be rerounded by
on approved mechanical pipe rerounding tool or a straight length
of suitable round pipe be fused onto the end before jointing.
(2)
Clean pipe ends and prepare pipe ends with universal scraper or
approved surface preparation tool capable of removing the oxidised
surface of the pipe ends for length in excess of insertion depth. For
tapping tees and saddles the general area in excess of the saddle
base area shall be cleaned to the satisfaction of the S.O. The tool
shall remove a layer 0.2 0.4mm thick from the outer surface
preferably as a continuous strip of swarf over that length and
round the pipe or for the full area of saddle base. Hand scrapers of
the Harris type or equivalent are allowed for tapping tees and
saddles.
The prepared area shall then be cleaned with acetone or other
approved solvent. The prepared pipe surface shall not be handled
or contaminated prior to welding.
51
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
(3)
(4)
Using correct sized pipe clamps or saddle clamps, secure the pipe
fittings. The alignment and gaps between the pipes and fittings
shall be checked by depth gauges. The total gaps between the
pipe outer diameter and fittings shall not exceed 2% of the pipes
nominal outer diameter. The fittings shall be adjusted with
suitable wedges, if required, to axially align the pipes centrally in
the fittings.
Electrofusion shall then only be allowed to proceed after
complying with the above checks.
4.16
(5)
(6)
The joint shall be left in the clamps for the cooling time specified
for the fittings or tapping tees.
(7)
The main shall not be tap with the integral built-in cutter until the
joints or saddles have been approved by the S.O.
4.17
Testing PE Pipelines
The test pressure to be applied shall be 1.5 times the rated pressure with
details shown in drawings or as directed by the S.O..
In testing, the main shall be filled with clean water at a steady rate to enable
all high points to be properly vented to remove trapped air to the approval of
the S.O. The filled pipeline shall then be stood for a minimum of 12 hours
before water is added to replace collected air. The pressure shall then be
raised to the specified test pressure by pumping continuously at a constant
rate. The pressure rise with respect to time and volume pumped shall be
recorded and monitored. The pressure rise response during this
pressurisation phase shall be approximately linear indicating acceptable
amounts of air in the system. If this initial analysis indicate that significant
volumes of air is still trapped in the system, the test shall be terminated and
52
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
air bleeding at all high points and the end of the test section shall be
reconducted prior to the continuation of the test.
After the specified test pressure has been reached, the test length shall be
allowed to stand without make-up pressure and the pressure is allowed to
decay over time for one hour. The pressure at the end of the one hour period is
noted and the pressure is then reduced to 1.3 times the rated pressure and
the pressure is then pumped up again to 1.5 times rated pressure.
When the specified test pressure has been attained, the pump shall be
stopped and pressure recorded at 10 mins interval for two (2) hours or until
the entire tested length of the pipeline and joints has been inspected
whichever is longer.
The length of pipelines under test shall be deemed to have passed the test if
no visible leakage occurs at all exposed welds and joints and the average rate
of pressure drop at any stage during the two (2) hours test period or longer
does not exceed 10 per cent of the specified test pressure per hour.
To avoid high ambient temperatures and sudden cooling of pipeline during
test causing fluctuation in pressures, testing shall be arranged to be
conducted in the cooler hours of the day, early morning or late evening.
4.18
Markings
All pipes and fittings supplied shall have at least the following information:(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(h)
(i)
Manufacturer's identification
Dimensions ( nominal outer diameter )
Material supplier and material class (PE 80)
Nominal pressure class (PN) in bar
Production period (date or code)
Number of this Specification ( MS 1058 )
SAJH lettering
Batch production number
In addition all segmented butt welded fittings shall bear the diameter of the
branch, in the case of tees, and the angle, in case of bends and any angled
branches on the outside of the pipes and fittings.
The markings shall be made only on those pipes and fittings that have
satisfied all tests and other requirements of this Specification.
53
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
SECTION 5.0
uPVC PIPES AND FITTINGS
5.0
5.1
General
All pipes, specials and fittings must be from SAJH approved sources and be to
SAJH specifications (SAJH PS/PV/001)and (SAJH PS/PV/002).
The uPVC pipes and fittings to be supplied shall be of classes C, D or E as
specified in the Bill of Quantities and shall be of SAJH approved as in
Specification
Subject to the specified requirements of this Section, the plain ended pipes shall
be manufactured in accordance to MS 628:1982. The bellmouthed pipes, with one
ended bellmouthed and one plain ended shall be manufactured in accordance to
MS 628:1982 and BS 4346 Part 2:1970. uPVC joints and fittings shall be
manufactured in accordance to BS 4346 Part 1:1969 and BS 4346 Part 2:1970.
The bellmouthed socket shall be manufactured in accordance to MS 923 Part 3 or
BS 4346 Part II. The pipes shall conform to the standards as stated unless
specifically or otherwise stated in this specification.
5.2
5.3
Colour
The colour of the pipes shall be blue.
54
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
5.4
Classification
The pipes, joints and fittings shall be classified in accordance to the Maximum
Permissible Working Pressure as in Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Classification of uPVC Pipe
Maximum Permissible
Working Pressure
Class of pipe
5.5
At 20 deg. C
At 30 deg. C
9 bar
7.2 bar
12 bar
9.6 bar
15 bar
12.0 bar
5.6
55
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Attachment
Table A
Nom.
Size
(mm)
Mean Outside
Diameter (mm)
Out of
Roundness
(Ovality) (mm)
10
15
20
25
min
17.0
21.2
26.6
33.4
max
17.3
21.5
26.9
33.7
min
17.0
21.2
26.6
33.3
max
17.3
21.5
26.9
33.8
max
-
PN 12
Individual
Value
min
max
-
32
40
50
65
42.1
48.1
60.2
75.0
42.4
48.4
60.5
75.3
42.0
48.0
60.0
74.8
42.5
48.5
60.7
75.5
80
100
125
155
88.7
114.1
140.0
168.0
89.1
114.5
140.4
168.5
88.4
113.7
139.4
167.4
89.4
114.9
141.0
169.1
5.3
6.8
8.3
9.9
4.6
6.0
7.3
8.8
5.3
6.9
8.4
10.2
175
200
225
250
193.5
218.8
244.1
272.6
194.0
219.4
244.8
273.4
192.8
218.0
243.2
271.6
194.7
220.2
245.7
247.4
11.4
11.6
12.9
14.3
10.1
10.3
11.5
12.8
11.7
11.9
13.3
14.8
300
350
375
400
323.4
355.0
405.9
456.7
324.3
356.0
406.9
457.7
322.2
353.7
404.3
454.9
325.5
357.3
408.5
459.5
17.0
18.6
21.1
23.8
15.2
16.7
19.0
21.4
17.5
19.2
21.9
24.6
Ave.
56
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Average
max
1.9
2.1
2.5
2.7
PN 15
Individual
Value
min
max
1.5
1.9
1.7
2.1
1.9
2.5
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.5
5.5
2.7
3.1
3.9
4.8
3.2
3.7
4.5
5.5
5.7
Length
The standard length of pipes shall be 6 metres.
The manufacturer may supply not more than 10 percent of the order in lengths
decreasing by multiples of 150mm, provided than the minimum length of any
pipe shall be not less than 3.4 metres. The ends of the shortened pipes shall be
cut and turned to the correct dimension for jointing.
The contractor shall supply free of charge the extra joints required due to the
supply of non-standard pipes.
5.8
Appearance
The wall of pipes, joints and fittings shall be homogenous throughout and the
internal and external surface shall be clean, smooth and reasonably free from
grooves, blisters, wrinkles, dents, heat marks and other defects that would
impair their performance in service.
5.9
Joints
The pipes to be supplied shall have an integral bell-mouth socket formed on one
end for mechanical rubber ring joint conforming to the relevant sections of BS
4346 Part 2.
The plain end of the pipes shall be chamfered to facilitate insertion during
jointing.
A witness mark should be put in on the cut end of the pipe.
Rubber ring shall be factory fitted in the ring housing of the pipe by the
manufacturer in the correct way as to specification unless otherwise stated.
The rubber ring shall have the retaining capabilities to hold itself in the housing
without causing displacement during handling, storage and installation of the
pipe.
The rubber ring shall be of type:
a) The type which employ compression sealing system
b) The type which employ a combination of lip compression sealing system
The uPVC coupler joints shall be suitable for use with plain ended uPVC pipes.
Each coupler joint shall consist of a uPVC sleeve suitable for jointing two rubber
rings set in plain grooved ends. The rubber rings shall be manufactured of
natural rubber complying with the requirements of Type 1 of BS 2494 Part 1
(1976).
The completed joint shall be watertight when the pipes are deflected at angles up
to 5 degrees and subjected to (3.6 +/- 0.1) times the Maximum Permissible
Working Pressure specified.
57
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
5.10
Pipe Seal
The seal shall consists of flexible of rubber element of effectively seal against the
spigot and socket, and a reinforcing plastic element bonded to the rubber
element to hold the seal firmly.
The seal material shall be EPDM rubber in 60 +/- 5 IRHD hardness and meets
the requirement of ASTM F-477 and EN 681-1.
The material is approved for contact with cold potable water as in BS 6920 Part
1.
Depending on the request of the client, seals can be supplied either fitted in the
pipe groove or separately in a proper sealed packaging boxes to retain the
quality of the seals over a long period.
Each seal shall be marked with pipe dimension, manufacturing period and
relevant standards used in the manufacturing.
The rubber ring shall have the retaining capabilities minimum of 5 kgf for ND
100mm and below and 9 kgf for sizes ND 155mm.
5.11
Test Requirements
5.11.1 Obligations
The supplier shall give the S.O fourteen (14) days notice in writing of date on
which any of the samples will be ready for testing or inspection at the place of
manufacture or at an approved laboratory.
The S.O shall attend the appointed place within the said fourteen days or the
test may proceed in his absence.
The supplier shall in any case submit to the S.O within seven days three
certified copies of the test readings.
5.11.2 Routine Tests
For routine tests, the S.O or his representatives shall have access at all
reasonable times for inspection and testing of the pipes being ordered by SAJH.
The manufacturer at his own expense, supply and maintain in proper condition
all necessary dimensional gauges, prepare the necessary test pieces, appliances
and supply labour for test specified.
All tests shall be done prior to delivery.
5.11.3 Type Tests
The supplier shall either provide the necessary facilities and a qualified chemists
to carry out their test at the factory or retain the services of an independent
testing authority approved by the client.
58
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Copies or Type Test Certificates shall be submitted to the S.O for inspection.
All expenses incurred in carrying the Type Tests at the factory or by an
independent testing authority shall be borne by the Supplier.
The S.O reserves the right to collect test samples from the factory forward to an
independent testing authority for test. The costs of such additional tests shall be
borne by the Supplier.
5.11.4 Sampling
The number of sample to be tested by the Supplier at his own expense shall be
selected in proportion to the number of pipes each size and class of production
within the same day of 24 hours.
Test shall be carried out not earlier than 15 hours after the pipes have been
extruded.
The proportions described are as Table 5.3.
Table 5.3 Testing Proportion
Tests
Proportion
Routine Test
Heat reversion
Resistance to Acetone
-Ditto-
Short-term Hydraulic
-Ditto-
Impact Strength @ 20 C
-Ditto-
Type Test
Resistance to Sulphuric Acid
Impact Strength of 0 deg. C
Opacity
Effect on Water
Long-term Hydraulic
59
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
5.12
Routine Tests
All sizes
32.4
All sizes
43.2
All sizes
54.0
One specimen shall be taken at random from each machine at least once every 8
hours running or once in every 300 metres run, whichever is the greater
quantity of pipe and shall meet the requirement.
5.12.4 Impact Strength Test at 20 degrees C on uPVC Pipes.
Impact Strength Test at 20 degrees C shall be carried out as described in
Appendix F to MS 628:1982.
Initially, sufficient specimens shall be taken at random from each machine so
that at least one is taken per shift and at least 14 strikes made per extrusion
run. If no specimen fails (defined as fracturing or cracking through its complete
wall thickness), no further test specimens need to be taken. If of the initial 14
60
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
strikes, one, two or three specimens fail, further specimens shall be taken at
random and tested to ensure a total of at least 42 strikes. If during the test,
more than four specimens fail the test shall be discontinued.
A batch is defined as a continuous extrusion run of one size and class of pipe
from one extrusion compound up to a maximum of 8 hours duration.
If the first 14 strikes cause no failure fracturing or cracking the pipes
represented by the specimen shall be deemed to comply with the specification.
If the first 14 strikes cause four or more failure the pipes represented by the
specimens shall be deemed not to comply with the specification.
If because of one, two or three failure, it is found necessary to increase the
number of strikes to 42, the pipes represented by the specimens shall be
deemed not to comply with this specification if out of the 42 strikes five or more
failures occur.
5.13
Compliance
Should the first cycle of any Routine Tests specified in clause 5.12.1 to 5.12.4 of
this specification fail to satisfy the requirement specified, then the whole batch
of 50 pipes represented by the sample shall deemed not to comply with this
specification and shall be rejected.
5.14
Method of Rejection
All pipes shall be serially numbered and have its serial number indelibly marked
on the barrel so that pipes of any batch of fifty or part of it, manufactured within
the same 24 hours which do not comply with this specification can easily
identified and rejected.
If series of pipes numbered from A 0001 to A 1800 the test on sample pipes of
serial number between A 0201 to A 0250 inclusive fail to comply with tests
specified in this specification then all the pipes bearing serial number between A
0201 and A 0250 inclusive shall be rejected.
5.15
61
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
5.16
Test Certificates
The supplier shall submit the Test Certificate to the S.O copies of all test results,
which have been performed on pipes to be supplied.
5.17
Delivery
Pipes made of this material are light and very easily damaged if it is not handled
with care.
When loading socket and spigot pipes, these should be stacked in alternate
layers so that the sockets do not carry any load.
Pipes should be loaded on a vehicle in such a way that the overhang is not more
than 1 metre.
62
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
SECTION 6.0
PIPELAYING
6.0
PIPELAYING
6.1
Closing Lengths
The use of closing lengths for pipes shall be avoided by laying the pipes in a
continuous length. However, where this proves impossible the Contractor
shall use the special 'sized' pipes for cutting to the exact lengths required.
These steel 'sized' pipes manufactured truly circular along their full length
shall be marked by two longitudinal bends in paint along each pipe. Closing
lengths shall be located as near to access openings as possible so as to
enable internal and external welding at joints to be carried out.
PE pipes shall be measured and cut to suit site and temperature condition
before being fusion jointed to the approval of the S.O. Closing length
required to be jointed in trenches shall be jointed by electrofusion couplers.
6.2
Pipe Cutting
Where it is necessary to cut pipes to provide closing lengths or for laying
pipe specials or in the repair of damaged or chipped pipes, the cutting shall
be neatly and accurately performed by skilled personnel so as to leave the
end of the pipe truly normal to the axis of the pipe.
PE pipes shall only be cut by a universal pipe cutter or equivalent to the
approval of the S.O. or his representatives.
6.3
Welding Personnel
Only the most highly skilled welders shall be employed on the Works. Every
MS pipe welder before commencing any joint welding shall prepare specimens
for testing in accordance with BS 4515 for each welding procedure proposed
by the Contractor. Every welder shall be tested in accordance to BS 4515.
The Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation, setting up, provision
of specimen, all necessary equipment and materials for the testing of welding
personnel.
Only trained PE welders shall carry out butt or electrofusion welding. The
Contractor is required to show proof of the competency of their PE welders in
form of certificates from pipe manufacturers or Gas Malaysia Sdn Bhd in
using the specified automatic machines for butt and electrofusion jointing.
The welders are required to do a welding test on site to demonstrate their
expertise.
The S.O. will advise the Contractor in writing which welders pass the
performance qualification test. Each welder will be assigned an operator
reference number and only these welders will be allowed to weld the pipe
joints. The S.O. shall be at liberty to withdraw his approval to any welder
responsible for making joints which fail to meet the required standard.
63
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
6.4
6.5
For PE pipe systems, the MS flanges and bare metal on MS pipes shall be
protected by anticorrosion paint as specified but no petroleum or bituminous
based paint shall come into contact with PE stub ends.
The Contract Rates for making flanged joints shall cover all costs in complying
fully with the requirements of this Clause.
64
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
6.6
6.7
6.8
65
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Gradient Exceeding
1 in 12
1 in 8
1 in 3
Anchor Blocks
Every third pipe
Every second pipe
Every pipe
Details of thrust and anchor blocks are given on the Drawings. The
dimensions shown may, however, be amended by the S.O. after examination
of the ground prior to concreting, having regard to the likely thrust developed
under test pressure and the actual nature of the ground. Additional anchor
blocks may also be needed.
For horizontal bends in cross-fall ground, care shall be taken to ensure that
additional cover over the pipes is allowed in order that the same passive
resistance may be developed as would be the case in level ground.
For thrust and anchor blocks to fulfill their purpose they must abut against
undisturbed ground. Where timbering has been used in the excavation it
shall be withdrawn as the concrete is being placed.
6.9
Valve Chambers
Valve chambers shall be constructed in accordance with the details shown on
the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.. The same care shall be taken as for
thrust blocks to ensure that concrete transmitting thrust abuts against
undisturbed ground.
The Contractor shall first obtain from the S.O. the exact requirements relating
to the construction of each chamber.
Drainage from valve chambers to suitable outfalls shall be provided as
directed by the S.O.
6.10
6.11
66
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
6.12
6.13
6.14
67
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Clearing Up
During the progress of pipelaying work the Contractor shall clear up the Site
and remove from the surface of the ground all temporary buildings, plant,
materials, litter, rubbish and surplus spoil which may have been left on the
ground or in and about the Works or lands temporarily occupied by the
Contractor and he shall leave in a clean and slightly condition all and any
lands occupied by him. Clearing up of the Site as herein specified shall follow
closely on the refilling of the trench.
6.16
Indicator Posts
The Contractor shall provide and fix precast concrete indicator posts, details
of which are shown on the Drawings on the centreline of the pipes at bends,
valves, washout, air valves and other points as directed by the S.O. Name and
number plates fabricated from 16 gauge aluminium sheets with embossed
lettering shall be fixed to the post with stainless steel screw and fibre glass
washers.
The post shall be set in concrete firmly into the ground to the depths shown
on the Drawings and the backfilling well rammed in and around.
Indicator post shall be measured by number. The rate for the supplying and
fixing complete the posts shall include for all necessary concrete, excavation
and backfilling.
6.17
6.18
Steel pipework for installation above ground including stream and river
overcrossings shall be painted with two pack polyamide cured epoxy zinc
phosphate primer of minimum 75 microns dry film thickness at the place of
manufacture. After installation, damaged areas and welded areas shall be
power brush cleaned and painted with the same primer of same thickness.
Then the whole of the exposed pipe shall be painted with 100 microns dry film
thickness of two-pack high build amine-adduct cured epoxy paint followed by
50 microns dry film thickness of two-pack aliphatic polyurethane finish paint.
Brand and colour of paints are to the approval of the S.O.
68
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
6.19
6.20
69
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
SECTION 7.0
PIPE JACKING
7.0
PIPE JACKING
7.1
General
Pipe jacking shall be the process of installing precast reinforced concrete pipes
below a surface obstruction by driving them successively through the in-situ
soil from one pit (driving pit) to another (the receiving pit) such that the
finished pipe forms a watertight continuous conduit between the pits on the
desired alignment for the laying of MS pipeline.
Plans and details of the equipment, materials and the method of construction
to perform and complete the work shall be submitted by the Contractor and
must be approved by the S.O. before commencing these operations. Approval
by the S.O. shall not relieve the Contractor of his sole responsibility for the
efficacy, reliability and soundness of the method employed in completing the
work in a satisfactory manner.
The Contractor shall satisfy himself as to the soil conditions along the pipe
jacking route and if he judges it to be necessary, he shall carry out further
soil investigations at his own cost.
It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to maintain stable soil
conditions at the jacking face to prevent loss of ground above the jacking
operation and movement of the surrounding earth. The methods of
maintaining face stability and preventing ground movement and subsidence
shall be by means of compressed air or other plenum methods where fluid
slurry or earth pressure is applied to the tunnel face. Alternatively, unstable
ground ahead of the jacking face may be stabilised by the injection of suitable
chemicals. Methods which require dewatering of the ground will not be
accepted, nor will methods which may lead to significant ground loss. The
Contractor's proposal must be submitted to the S.O. for his approval.
Movement or settlement of structures, utilities and pavement shall be
monitored by the Contractor during the jacking operation and reported to the
S.O.. If movement or settlement occurs which in the opinion of the S.O. may
cause damage, the Contractor shall take immediate action to prevent further
movement, settlement or damage. He shall repair at his own cost any damage
and restore structures or pavements to the satisfaction of the S.O.
The Contractor shall be responsible for inspecting the location and
familiarising himself with the conditions under which the work will be
performed and with all necessary details as to the orderly execution of the
work. The omission of any details shall not relieve the Contractor of full
responsibility for the satisfactory installation of the work in its entirety. No
monetary or other claims made by the Contractor on the grounds of want of
knowledge will be entertained.
7.2
Tender Submission
The tenderer shall submit with his tender the following particulars relevant to
his design and proposal for pipe jacking :-
70
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
(I)
(II)
(III)
Four (4) sets of drawings showing in sufficient detail his design and
proposal.
71
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
7.4
Prospecting
The Contractor shall prospect for the position of buried or otherwise hidden
obstructions such as existing services, drains, pipes, cables, culverts, etc.
Trial holes and exploration trenches to ascertain the exact positions of these
shall be sunk, well ahead of pipejacking and excavation, in places where they
are known or thought to be and elsewhere and these shall be backfilled with
approved materials immediately and in any case not exceeding 24 hours and
subsequently reinstated. Approved marker posts shall be erected to mark the
position of all located services, drains, etc. and these shall not be removed
until reinstatements has been completed. The S.O. shall instruct further
prospecting if he is not satisfied with the sufficiency of the Contractors
prospecting.
Where necessary the Contractor shall make arrangements prior to excavation
of jacking and receiving pits and pipejacking proper for the temporary or
permanent support or diversion of services, rains, etc. to the approval of the
S.O. and the authority concerned. The full cost of prospecting shall be
deemed to be included in the relevant Contract Rates.
Attention is drawn to clauses concerning the responsibility of the Contractor
for the security of existing services.
The Contractor shall be deemed to have allowed for the unavoidable delay of
the Works due to any obstruction he may encounter with the existing services
and no claim for any extra costs on account of this will be allowed.
7.5
Performance Requirements
The centre-line of the fully jacked pipes forming a continuous sleeve shall at
all points along its length be within 75mm of the required alignment in the
horizontal plane and 25mm in the vertical plane.
No movement, upheaval or settlement of soil which in the opinion of the S.O.
may cause damage to structures, utilities or pavements shall be permitted.
The pipeline laid in the jacked pipe sleeves shall pass the watertightness test
specified for the pipelines in trench.
7.6
Approval of Owner
Before commencing preparations for pipe jacking the Contractor shall obtain
the written consent to his proposed procedures of the Owner or Owners of the
land, services and structures below which (or close to which) the jacked
pipeline will pass. Unless otherwise stated, all costs, expenses, charges,
rental, compensation etc., imposed by the Owner shall be deemed to be
included in the Contract Rates.
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7.7
Jacking Operation
The Contractor shall be fully responsible for the materials, equipment and
facilities required in conjunction with jacking the pipes.
Before starting work, the Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for approval, a
detailed schedule of the entire jacking operation. Approval of such schedule
shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility to provide a fully
satisfactory installation. The Contractor shall include with his submission
evidence that he has successfully completed a jacking installation using
procedures similar to those proposed.
Where chemical stabilisation of soil is used, a chemical grout shall be pressure
injected into the soil over and ahead of the pipe jacking to stabilise the soil.
The chemical grout used shall have a demonstrated history of success for
stabilising soils similar to that through which the pipe is to be jacked.
Where a mechanical shield is used, the Contractor must provide proof that the
particular model of shield has been used successfully in soils similar to that
on the site. The crew for the operation of the shield must be specialist, with
experience in the use of that particular type of machine.
After the jacking operations has begun, the Contractor shall work
continuously and expeditiously in accordance to programme until the
complete length of jacked pipes is installed. This continuous work where
required shall not be construed as overtime work.
During jacking and excavation, the Contractor shall constantly ensure that
the internal lining of the jacking pipes is not damaged, and he shall remove
the excavated spoil to the jacking pit by conveyor to minimise traffic on the
invert.
The pipes shall be jacked into place true to line and level. The maximum
tolerance allowable in the displacement of the centreline of the jacked pipe
from the design centreline is 75mm in the horizontal plane and 25mm in the
vertical plane but there shall be no backfall at any point.
The pipes for the jacking operation shall not exceed 4m long. The pipe ends
shall be jointed by MS thrust collars/sleeves before the pipeline is jacked.
Details of how the pipes are to be lowered into the pit and jointed shall be
submitted to the S.O. for approval.
The Contractor shall be required to furnish and install and remove to the
extent required, thrust blocks or whatever provisions that may be required for
backing up the jacks employed in jacking the pipe forward. The jacking pit
shall also be equipped with steel rails or beams embedded in concrete for
placement and alignment of each pipe during the jacking operation. Other
method may be used subject to the approval of the S.O..
The Contractor shall be fully responsible for the design and construction of
the jacking and receiving pits, thrusting wall, installation of jacking
equipment, sheeting, bracing, etc., and for the efficient execution of the
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Safety
The minimum of plant shall be used in the pits, and any which produces
noxious gases or is operated by electricity at a greater voltage than 240V shall
be permanently outside the pit at ground level.
A ladder shall be fixed permanently in the receiving pit. Two ladders shall be
permanently fixed on opposite sides of the driving pit, one on each side of the
pipe jacking line. These ladders shall be kept clear of obstructions to allow
rapid exit in an emergency. Excavated materials and plant other than small
tools shall not be passed via the ladder but shall be handled by crane.
Pits shall be securely fenced to prevent unauthorised persons from entering
in.
All persons entering the pits shall wear safety helmets constantly, and shall
leave the pits for meal breaks, rests and the like.
At the beginning of each shift and after any break for refreshment or other
reason, the Contractor shall provide and use an approved instrument to check
for noxious gases before anyone re-enters either pit.
All costs associated with the provision of safety equipment and measures shall
be deemed included in the Contract Rates.
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OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
7.9
(2)
All pipes shall be manufactured with two sets of grout holes. Each set
shall consist of three grout holes spaced at 120 degrees on centres
circumferentially located at quarter points from either end of the pipe.
(3)
The length of each pipe shall not exceed 4m and the pipe ends shall
have an external rebate suitable to accommodate a MS joint/thrust
collar. The collar shall be designed to take the jacking load applied and
transfer the load to the next pipe.
(4)
The thrust collar shall be fitted onto the pipes with rubber rings to
prevent the ingress of water into the pipe from outside.
(5)
(6)
The Contractor shall submit full details of his proposal for the pipes
giving detailed drawings showing sizes, reinforcement and joint details,
calculations, name and address of proposed manufacturer and the
manufacturing processes to the S.O. for approval. The proposal shall
be endorsed by a Professional S.O.
(ii)
The nominal diameter of the jacking pipe shall be as shown in the Drawings
for laying of the specified pipe.
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7.10
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7.11
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SECTION 8.0
EARTHWORKS
8.0
EARTHWORKS
8.1
Definitions
The following terms shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them :(i)
Topsoil
(ii)
Rock
(iii)
Bulk
Excavation
(iv)
Trench
Excavation
(v)
Incidental
Excavation
(vi)
Excess
Excavation
Levels to be Recorded
Before the surface of any part of the Site is disturbed or the works thereon
are begun the Contractor shall take and record levels of any such part, in
the manner specified or as agreed with the S.O. in his presence and such
levels when agreed with him shall form the basis for measurement.
8.3
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Contract and he shall take all necessary precautions including the use of
blasting nets to avoid damage, loss or injury to persons and to public or
private property.
The Contractor shall keep the S.O. fully informed at all times when blasting is
proposed to be carried out and of any details that may be required concerning
strength of charges and their positions.
Explosives shall not be used within 15 metre, or such greater or lesser
distances as the S.O. may direct, of concrete placed in the Works, of any
existing structure, water main, electric cable, sewer or other services.
Notwithstanding the above, due to the close vicinity of the existing reservoir,
all excavations into rock by blasting to prepare foundations for any proposed
reservoir next to existing reservoir shall be carried out with extreme care.
Before any rock blasting commences, the Contractor shall submit to the S.O.
a detailed controlled blasting plan.
The purpose of the control of blasting operations is to eliminate any
possibilities of damage to the existing reservoir, pipelines and structures.
Approval of the Contractor's proposal shall not absolve him from
responsibilities in the event that the existing structures are damaged as a
result of the blasting method used.
All details regarding the type of explosives or chemicals, strength, spacings,
depths, positions of charges, detonation delays used and the method of
monitoring the magnitude of vibration generated shall be supplied to the
S.O.
Pilot tests to assess the effectiveness of the controlled blasting shall be
conducted at an approved location within the site before the method is
approved. The Contractor shall provide vibration measuring instruments to
monitor the magnitude of vibration caused by the proposed arrangements
with respect to explosive charges, spacings, detonation delays, etc. The
instrument shall be able to measure resultant peak particle velocities from
measurement in X, Y and Z planes and record measurements digitally.
Sensors shall be mounted at different positions on the existing structures as
instructed by the S.O. The instrument shall be a triaxial vibration recorder
or similar and shall be capable of measuring velocities in the range of 50-70
mm/sec. The cost of providing such vibration measuring instrument shall be
deemed to be included in the rates for rock excavation in the Bill of
Quantities.
The Contractor shall obtain the necessary permits and licences for the use,
storage, transport and handling of explosives and shall provide a store or
stores suitable for explosives in accordance with local regulations.
8.4
Disposal of Materials
All requirements herein for the disposal by the Contractor of materials
arising from site clearance or from excavations are subject to the provisions
of the Specification.
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8.5
8.6
Site Clearance
All areas of the Site marked on the Drawings or specified for clearance or from
which material is to be excavated or upon which filling is to be deposited shall
be cleared to the extent required by the S.O. of all buildings, walls, gates,
fences and other structures and obstructions and of all bushes, hedges, trees,
stumps, roots and other vegetation except for trees marked for preservation.
Material so cleared shall be disposed off the sites to dumpsites approved by
the local authority or as may be reasonably directed by the S.O. Open
burning of cleared materials is strictly prohibited.
8.7
Trees
Trees shall be uprooted or cut down as near to ground level as possible.
Branches and foliage shall be removed and burnt to ash or disposed of off the
Site. Useful timber within Reserved Land of the Government or Authorities
shall remain the property of the Government and shall be cut into suitable
length and stacked properly.
8.8
Stumps
Stumps and roots whether existing or remaining after tree felling shall where
directed by the S.O. be grubbed up and disposed of off the Site. The resulting
hole shall be filled with approved material and properly compacted to the
same dry density as the adjoining soil.
8.9
8.10
Stripping Topsoil
Where ordered by the S.O. topsoil shall be stripped, to such depths and over
such areas as he may direct, as a separate operation prior to any further
excavation which may be required.
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OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
8.11
General Excavation
General excavation means excavation, whether Bulk or Incidental, required for
structures and shall not include Trench Excavation.
The ground shall be excavated by such methods and to such dimensions and
depths as shall allow for the proper construction of the Works.
Where nominal 'payment' limits of excavation are not shown on the Drawings
or otherwise specified they shall be deemed to be the minimum net limits
which would allow the outline of the completed structure to be lowered
vertically from ground level into its final position. The Contractor shall make
his own allowance for any working space required, and any excavation outside
the aforesaid limits which has not been ordered by the S.O. whether it be
excavated to suit the Contractor's method of working or unavoidable
overbreak or due to his carelessness or error, shall be held to be Excess
Excavation.
8.12
Trench Excavation
The line and level of trenches shall be as shown on the Drawings or as
directed by the S.O. Before commencing Trench Excavation, the route of the
trench shall be pegged out accurately and the existing ground levels shall be
agreed with the S.O. Strong sight rails shall then be fixed and maintained at
each change of gradient, and at as many intermediate points as may be
necessary. On these rails shall be marked the centre line and the level to
which the excavation is to be carried out, such rails being not more than 35
metre apart.
Trench Excavation shall be carried out by such methods and to such lines
dimensions and depths as shall allow for the proper construction of the
Works, provided always that, unless the S.O. permits otherwise and subject to
any specific requirements of the Specification no Trench Excavation shall be
less than the widths stated below :D
Communication pipes up
to 63mm OD
NA
NA
300mm
D + 450mm
D+
450mm
D+300m
m
D + 600mm
D + 600
mm
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OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
8.15
8.16
Supporting Excavation
The Contractor shall well and effectively support the sides and ends of all
excavations to prevent any fall or run from any portion of the ground outside
the excavation and to prevent settlement or damage to structures adjacent to
the excavation. Any extra excavation necessary to provide space for such
support or other working space shall be held to be Excess Excavation. If, for
any reason, any portion of the bottoms, sides or ends of any excavations shall
give way the Contractor shall at his own expense take all necessary remedial
measures including the excavation and removal of all the ground thereby
disturbed both within and without the nominal limits of excavation and such
extra excavation shall be held to be Excess Excavation.
Where the Contractor elects and is permitted by the S.O. to perform
excavations with sloping faces (other than sloping excavations shown on the
Drawings or required as permanent features of the Works) and without
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OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
shoring, the excavated faces shall be to stable slopes and heights and the
resulting extra excavation shall be held to be Excess Excavation.
8.17
Trimming Excavations
When excavating to specified levels for the foundation of any structure or
pipes or to specified limits for the faces of any structure required to abut
against undisturbed ground the Contractor shall not excavate the last 150
mm until immediately before commencing the constructional work, except
where the S.O. shall permit otherwise. Should the Contractor have excavated
to within 150 mm above these specified levels or to within 150 mm of these
specified limits before he is ready or able to commence the constructional
work he shall, where required by the S.O., excavate further so as to remove
not less than 150 mm of material immediately before commencing the
constructional work and such further excavation shall be held to be Excess
Excavation.
Before commencement of any constructional work all shattered and loose
material shall be removed from the excavations by hand so as to ensure that
the work rests on a solid and perfectly clean foundation or abuts against
solid ground.
8.18
Inspection of Excavation
When the specified levels or limits of excavation are reached the S.O. will
inspect the ground exposed, and if he considers that any part of the ground
is by its nature unsuitable he may direct the Contractor to excavate further.
Such further excavation shall be refilled to the specified levels or limits with
concrete, selected excavated materials or selected imported material as
directed by the S.O. but shall not be held to be Excess Excavation.
Should the material forming the bottom of any excavation, while acceptable
to the S.O. at the time of his inspection, subsequently become unacceptable
to him due to exposure to weather conditions or due to flooding or have
become puddled, soft or loose during the progress of the Works, the
Contractor shall remove such damaged, softened or loosened material and
excavate further by hand. Such further excavation shall be held to be
Excess Excavation.
8.19
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dry density. Where necessary the Contractor shall adjust the moisture
content of the fill or backfill material either by drying out or adding of water.
After such drying out or adding of water, the fill shall be thoroughly mixed
until the moisture content is suitable.
Should the material being placed as filling or backfilling, while acceptable at
the time of selection, become unacceptable to the S.O. due to exposure to
weather conditions or due to flooding or have become puddled, soft or
segregated during the progress of the Works, the Contractor shall at his own
expense remove such damaged, softened or segregated material and replace
it with fresh approved material.
The Contractor shall when placing the filling or backfilling make due
allowance for any settlement that may occur before the end of the Defects
Liability Period . Where necessary, the Contractor shall at the end of the
Defects Liability Period remove any excess material or make up any
deficiency of backfilling or filling to the specified levels.
8.20
8.21
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The remainder of the refilling may consist of coarse material free from
boulders and clods of earth larger than 150 mm in size provided that the
compacted refill is, in the opinion of the S.O., sufficiently dense to prevent
material from the superimposed layers being washed into the voids in such
refill. This coarse material shall be spread in layers of depth not greater
than 225 mm and be thoroughly rammed by an approved mechanical
rammer or pan vibrator.
The coarse filling is to be carried up to the level at which surface
reinstatement is to commence or to such level at which the surface
reinstatement of the whole of the topsoil, will leave the finished work
sufficiently "proud" to allow for future settlement to the original ground level.
The reinstated surface shall be rolled with a two-tonne roller when
the material is dried. Any part of the reinstated surface that settled
beyond the adjacent original ground level the Contractor shall have to
make good of the settlement to avoid formation of drains or gulleys
within the refilled trenches.
Sand backfilling to trench excavation shall be provided as shown in drawing
or as directed by the S.O. The sand material shall be deposited in 150 mm
layers on both sides of the pipe simultaneously and thoroughly compacted
and around the pipe working alternately on either side of the pipe until the
trench has been filled up to 150 mm above the top of the pipe except for
pipes laid in roads where the sand backfill shall be brought up to the base
course formation level. The sand filling material shall be compacted either
by a suitable mechanical vibrator and/or by an approved system of water jet.
The topping of the refilling shall be in accordance with the remainder of the
refilling for trench excavation as described above for backfill with excavated
material.
Sand filling such as mining sand or river sand filling within the grading limit
will be accepted for use.
Quarry dust shall not be considered for use as filling material.
Where necessary the Contractor shall adjust the moisture content of the
refill material either by drying out or by adding water to assist the
compaction of the material.
Should the material to be placed as refilling, while acceptable at the time
when approved, become unacceptable to the S.O. due to exposure to weather
conditions or due to flood or have become puddled, soft or segregated during
the progress of the Works, the Contractor shall not use such material for
refilling trenches and shall only use fresh approved material.
Trench Excavations shall be refilled with concrete to the heights and limits
as shown on the Drawings and where directed by the S.O.
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8.22
(b)
(c)
8.24
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Any excavated material not required or not suitable for use in the Works
shall become the liability of the Contractor and he shall be entirely
responsible for its removal from the Site and for its ultimate disposal. The
Contractor shall comply with all the regulations for the disposal of surplus
excavated materials
off the site including the payment of royalties, fees, etc, which may be
imposed by the relevant Authorities.
8.25
8.26
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8.27
8.28
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If after due notice to the Contractor calling his attention to the necessity for
further reinstatement of any trenches across roads and footpaths, he has
failed to make good the reinstatement, the Government or the appropriate
Authorities may proceed with such repairs and the cost of such
reinstatement shall be deducted by the Government from any payments due
to the Contractor. Towards the end of the Defects Liability Period the S.O.
will inspect the pipeline route in the presence of the Contractor.
In the event that final road reinstatement is to be carried out by the
Authorities concerned, the Contractor shall carry out temporary
reinstatement for the vehicles to pass over it. The temporary reinstatement
includes the trench to be refilled with sand, topped with 375 mm thick of
crusher run material and followed by a layer of tack coat and 40 mm thick of
dense bituminous mix wearing course. All filled materials shall be
compacted by approved means.
The Contractor shall carry out final reinstatement of public roads and
footpaths only if he is instructed by the S.O. Otherwise final reinstatement of
these roads will be carried out by the Authorities as and when agreed
between the Authorities, the S.O. and the Contractor. The Contractor shall
pay the Authorities and shall recover the cost under the appropriate items in
the Bill of Quantities. No quantities of final reinstatement beyond the limits
of Trench Excavation specified or reinstatement due to Excess Excavation,
settlements adjacent to Trench Excavations or damage to road surfaces in
the course of pipelaying shall be measured for payment.
8.29
8.30
Land Drains
Where land drains, mole drains or field drains are severed by Trench
Excavation they shall be kept in effective temporary operation during
construction of the pipeline. The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for
approval a temporary drainage arrangement to ensure the water course is
not hindered during the construction.
The drain on either side of the Trench Excavation shall be cut-back for at
least 300 mm and temporary pipes of suitable length and diameter shall be
jointed to the existing drain and laid resting with the ends on solid ground
with suitable stopping to prevent the subsequent run of land drainage water
into the pipe trench. During trench re-filling, the refill material shall be
carefully placed and thoroughly compacted under the temporary pipes to
give them adequate support.
Should any existing sub-soil or field drains be uncovered during general
excavation, the Contractor shall either carefully replace them when
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culvert during pipelaying shall be deemed to be covered by the rates for the
items in the Bill of Quantities for pipe crossing under culverts.
8.32
8.33
8.34
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ground level or where appropriate from the ground level remaining after the
completion of any general excavation down to the specified invert level of the
pipe plus the thickness of the pipe barrel and plus, where appropriate, the
specified thickness of bedding for the pipe.
The sides of Trench Excavation shall be deemed to be vertical in all materials
and the nominal widths defined in Clause 8.12 shall apply to any depth of
trench and whether or not bedding or surround to the pipe is specified.
Trench Excavation and all work in connection therewith as specified shall be
valued by the measurement only of such items as are set forth in the Bill of
Quantities, except where expressly provided for otherwise by the inclusion in
the Bill of Quantities of any of the following further items:Incidental Excavation for structures situated in the pipeline shall be
measured only to the extent that the net excavation required to
accommodate the structures falls outside the nominal dimensions of the
Trench Excavation.
Incidental Excavation for removal of unsuitable material shall (unless it is
held to be Excess Excavation) be measured as the volume ordered by the
S.O. to be excavated beyond the nominal dimensions of Trench Excavation
and shall include for the disposal of the excavated material off the Site and
for backfilling the excavation with approved material emanating from Trench
Excavation elsewhere or for backfilling the excavation with the grades of
concrete ordered by the S.O.
Rock, measured E.O. Trench Excavation items, shall be measured as the
volume of Rock within the nominal limits of Trench Excavation in Rock.
When measured E.O. Incidental Excavation items it shall be measured as for
those items.
Excess Excavation and the backfilling thereof shall not be measured for
payment.
Trench Excavations in roads and in footpaths as specified shall be measured
(E.O. Trench Excavation) as the area calculated by multiplying the length of
trench so excavated by its nominal width.
The stripping of the top surface and the surface reinstatement of Trench
Excavation in fields shall be included in Trench Excavation and shall not be
separately measured.
Crossing hedges, fences and walls shall include for all temporary measures
for dealing with such barriers as specified and shall be measured as the
length of such barriers so dealt with within the nominal width of Trench
Excavation. Any permanent measures required by the S.O. shall be ordered
by him as additional work.
Crossing rivers culverts and other watercourses shall include for all
additional measures necessary to make the crossings as specified. Only such
crossings as may be itemised in the Bill of Quantities will be measured (E.O.
Trench Excavation) for additional payment. The length to be measured for
payment for crossing natural watercourses shall be defined as the width of
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the waterway along the pipeline at the time of construction of the crossing
(except flash floods and floods).
Overhaul of refill or excavated materials (E.O. Trench Excavation or
Excavation in borrow areas) shall apply in cases where the S.O. orders
material to be transported from locations of excavation which are more than
two hundred metres from the areas to be filled.
8.36
8.37
(b)
Payment for the second stage shall be due only after restoration of any length
has been inspected and approved by the S.O. Payment for the separate items
in roads, footpaths, etc. will be made at the same time as the second stage
payment for excavation.
8.38
Top Soiling
Topsoil shall be evenly spread and trimmed over embankments and other
areas to the slopes and levels shown on the Drawings or ordered by the S.O.
The depth after spreading and trimming shall be 75 mm unless otherwise
directed, measured normal to the surface. All clods and lumps shall be
broken up and any rubbish, stones, roots and weeds shall be removed.
8.39
Turfing
The Contractor shall establish grass by continuous or spot turfing as
directed.
Each turf shall be approximately 200 mm by 200 mm by 50 mm thick. Turf
shall be laid immediately after delivery to Site.
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Where turf is laid on slopes steeper than 1 on 3.0, each turf shall be securely
pegged down with two cleft wooden pegs 150 mm long.
All turfed areas shall be lightly rolled with an approved roller or punned
immediately after laying, and shall be watered regularly until the grass has
been established.
Grass areas affected by trench excavation shall be restored as specified
above.
8.40
8.41
At fifty percent of the Contract Rate when the turfing has been
carried out;
(b)
At fifty percent of the Contract Rate when the S.O. is satisfied that
the grass has established itself.
Where grass fails to establish itself, the Contractor shall turf the relevant
area again at no extra cost to the Government.
8.42
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If after due notice to the Contractor calling his attention to the necessity for
the payment of fees and/or charges to the Authorities the Contractor has
failed to make payment, the Government shall be entitled to pay such fees
and/or charges direct to the Authorities concerned out of any moneys at any
time due to the Contractor under the Contract and such payment shall be
deemed to be payment made to the Contractor under and by virtue of the
Contract.
The cost of all fees and charges payable by the Contractor shall be deemed to
be included in the Contract Rates unless otherwise expressly provided for in
the Bill of Quantities.
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SECTION 9.0
PILING
9.0
PILING
9.1
General
Unless otherwise specified, all piling shall conform in all respects to the Civil
Engineering Code of Practice CP 2004 `Foundations' issued by the `British
Standards Institution, London'.
The type of pile to be used at each structure, where piling is required, shall
be as indicated on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.
9.1.1
Ground Conditions
It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to carry out further sub-surface
investigation if he has any doubt about the available information or if he
considers further information necessary or desirable. Such investigation by
the Contractor shall be entirely at his own expense and shall have the S.O.'s
prior approval in writing.
The S.O. shall be supplied free of charge with two (2) copies of the results of
all such investigation by the Contractor.
In addition to submitting the records required, the Contractor shall report
immediately to the S.O. any circumstances which indicate that the ground
conditions differ from those expected by the Contractor from his
interpretation of the results of soil investigation carried out by SAJH and
which affect adversely the bearing capacity of the pile.
The Contractor's attention is, however, drawn to the fact that suitable
founding strata may be encountered at depths which require the actual
installation of different lengths of pile and which may give rise to
considerable variation within any particular site or pile groups.
9.1.2
Setting Out
The pile layout and the number of piles shown on the Drawings are
provisional only. The Contractor shall, before commencing any part of the
piling work ascertain from the S.O. the layout of the piles required.
The Contractor shall set out the piles from the main grid lines of the
proposed structure or such base lines as shall be agreed with the S.O.
The main setting out for piles shall be completed prior to commencement of
piling. Secondary or individual pile setting out shall be completed and agreed
with the S.O. not less than 24 hours prior to commencing work on the piles
concerned. All main setting points, lines, stations and the like shall be
suitably protected, maintained and undisturbed.
For a pile cut-off at or above ground level the maximum permitted deviation
of the pile centre from the centre point shown on the Drawings shall not
exceed 75mm in any direction. For a pile cut off below ground level an
increase in the verticality tolerance is permitted up to 1 in 75 from the
finished pile.
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9.1.3
Piling equipment
The piling equipment shall be capable of speedily and efficiently installing
piles of the specified types, sizes, lengths and safe working loads.
The type of piling equipment shall be suitable for the type of piles to be
driven and shall be that of a system which produces the minimum noise
during driving.
The Contractor shall provide sufficient number of units to ensure completion
of piling work according to programme.
Before any piling work is commenced, the Contractor shall submit to the
S.O. full details of the pile driving equipment and the method of carrying out
the work which he intends to use. Such information shall include a full
description of the piling frame, hammer, helmet and packing and of a
method of handling and pitching piles and supporting them during driving,
and of the proposed driving procedure set to give penetration to the required
level and of the proposed set for the working load on the pile and the method
of calculating it. Any revisions to these proposals which, in the light of
ensuing experience, appear desirable, shall also be submitted for the
approval of the S.O. prior to implementation of said revisions.
The piling frame shall be of sturdy construction, supported on an adjustable
base, securely guyed and with ample toggle connections to leaders so that
the pile is firmly held at all times. The type and weight of hammer shall be
to the approval of the S.O. and the weight of the hammer shall be at least
half that of the pile or otherwise specified. In general, a heavy hammer with
a short drop should be used in preference to a light hammer with a longer
drop. Single or double acting diesel or air operated hammers may also be
employed. The Contractor shall submit confirmation of hammer energy per
blow to the satisfaction of the S.O. All plant being used shall be maintained
in a satisfactory condition and any items suffering wastage or damage shall
be promptly replaced or repaired.
No piling shall be carried out without the approval in writing of the S.O. of
the equipment and method of working and any revisions to these as
described above, and the Contractor shall submit all of his proposals at least
three weeks before the date on which he intends to use the plant on the Site.
9.1.4
Programme
The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. his proposed programme for the
execution of the piling work at least seven days before commencement of the
work. In addition, the Contractor shall inform the S.O. daily of the
programme of piling for the following working day and shall give adequate
notice of his intention to work outside normal hours, if this has already been
approved by the S.O.
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9.1.5
Pile driving
Unless otherwise specified, pile driving shall be as specified hereunder.
The driving equipment to be used shall be of such type and capacity to the
approval of the S.O. If drop hammer is used, it shall be of a free fall type
and the weight of the hammer shall be as specified in CP 2004.
Piles shall be pitched accurately in the positions as shown on the Drawings.
At all stages during driving and until the pile has set or driven to the
required length, all exposed piles shall be adequately supported and
restrained by means of leaders, trestles, temporary support or other guide
arrangements to maintain position and alignment and to prevent buckling
and damage to the piles.
Each pile shall be driven continuously until the specified set and/or depth
has been reached. However, the S.O. may permit the suspension of driving if
he is satisfied that the rate of penetration prior to the cessation of driving
will be substantially re-established on its resumption or if he is satisfied that
the suspension of driving is beyond the control of the Contractor.
A follower (long dolly) shall not be used for driving end bearing piles. It may
be used for driving frictional piles with prior approval of the S.O. The
contractor shall inform the S.O. without delay if an unexpected change in
driving characteristics is encounted.
Where required by the S.O. set shall be taken at approved intervals during
the driving to establish the behaviour of the piles. A set shall be taken only
in the presence of the S.O. unless otherwise approved. The Contractor shall
provide all facilities to enable the S.O. to check driving resistances.
Retrieve checks, if required, shall be carried out in accordance with an
approved procedure.
A detailed record of the driving resistance over the full length of each pile
shall be kept. The log shall record the number of blows for every 300mm of
pile penetration.
The final set of a pile other than a friction pile, shall be recorded either as
the penetration in millimetres per 10 blows or as the number of blows
required to produce a penetration of 25mm.
When a final set is being measured, the following requirements shall be
met:a) The exposed part of the pile shall be in good condition, without damage
or distortion;
b) The dolly packing shall be in sound condition;
c) The hammer blow shall be in line with the pile axis and the impact
surfaces shall be flat and at right angle to the pile and hammer axis;
d) The hammer shall be in good condition and operating correctly;
e) The temporary compression of the pile shall be record if required.
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9.1.7
Load tests
The Contractor shall submit to the S.O. for approval complete details of the
testing equipment he intends to use for testing piles. All loading tests shall
be carried out and comply with the conditions as described in Section 9.4 of
the Specification on pile testing.
The S.O. will select the location of the preliminary test piles and the working
piles to be load tested.
The S.O. will decide upon the necessity for testing working piles, and may
select for testing one or more working piles which the Contractor shall drive
in advance of the remaining piles at the Site. Piles selected for this purpose
shall be constructed or driven, with the same equipment as proposed for the
main piling work, to the depths required by the S.O. The remaining piling at
the Site shall not proceed until the testing of the advance working pile has
been completed to the satisfaction of the S.O. and meets the requirements
for acceptance specified herein. The S.O. will also instruct the testing of
further piles during the course of the piling work.
9.1.8
Piling Personnel
Piling work shall be carried out under the direction of a competent
supervisor experienced in the particular system of piling to be used. He shall
be employed full time for the duration of the piling operations and his
appointment shall be subject to the approval, in writing, of the S.O. before
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the commencement of piling work. The Contractor shall also employ at each
site a specially qualified foreman together with the necessary gang of trained
personnel and labour experienced in the installation of the piles.
9.1.9
Piling Records
The Contractor shall keep a record of all piles driven at the Site. The record
shall contain such details as specified or otherwise as required by the S.O.
The Contractor shall also submit to the S.O.'s Representative within 24
hours a copy of the field record of the piling work done each day.
On completion of all piling work at each site, the Contractor shall prepare
and submit to the S.O.'s Representative two (2) sets of a complete drawings
showing details of all piles driven at the Site.
All pile test records shall be considered as confidential and shall not be
disclosed by the Contractor to any third party without the express
permission in writing of the S.O.
9.2
9.2.1
General
Precast reinforced concrete piles shall conform to the details shown on the
Drawings. Concrete reinforcement and formwork shall be in accordance with
the appropriate section of the Specification. Main reinforcing bars shall be
supplied in one complete length; should this prove impracticable separate
lengths shall be effectively coupled mechanically or lapped as specified.
Spacer forks shall be of cast iron, mild steel or other material or type and
shape approved by the S.O.
Pile shoes shall consist of "chilled hardened" cast iron points and mild steel
straps cast into the points and be in accordance with the Drawings or
otherwise approved by the S.O.
9.2.2
Pile Casting
Before any reinforced concrete pile is cast, the Contractor shall submit to the
S.O. for approval a description, accompanied by Drawings and programme,
of the methods he proposes to adopt for handling and driving piles, giving
full particulars of all plant and equipment to be employed. Notwithstanding
any approval of the Contractor's proposals by the S.O., the Contractor shall
be and remain solely responsible for the successful installation of the piles.
The length of each pile unit cast shall be as detailed on the Drawings. Pile
extensions shall be cast in suitable lengths to suit Site conditions. Where
required load tests shall be carried out to assess bearing capacity.
Pile units shall be cast in one continuous operation on a horizontal platform
in steel or wooden moulds and no interruption shall be permitted. The
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9.2.4
9.2.5
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No piles which have been deflected from the permitted tolerance shall be
forcibly brought back to correct alignment.
Where piles are driven below the level of the bottom of the leads of the pile
frame, extension leads shall be fitted. The use of a follower or dolly will not
be permitted except with the written approval of the S.O.
During driving the heads of the piles shall be protected by a helmet of cast
steel or mild steel fitting closely around the pile. A packing of coiled hemp
rope or asbestos fibre, 25mm thick, covering the head of the pile, shall be
contained within the helmet and separate the helmet from the head of the
pile. The top of the helmet shall be recessed and fitted with a timber stub
dolly 300mm long.
The packing and stub dolly shall be renewed as often as necessary to prevent
damage to the piles. The type of helmet specified above may be modified at
the discretion of the S.O.
Piles damaged during driving shall be removed and replaced by the
Contractor without extra cost to the Government unless the S.O. is satisfied
that effective repairs can be made in-situ.
The Contractor shall maintain a record of the driving of all piles giving sets
and other details required by the S.O. to whom the records shall be
submitted on request. All piles shall be driven to such final set or depth as
may be approved by the S.O.
Immediately after a pile has been completely driven, a record shall be made
of the reduced level of the pile head and further checks shall be made on the
level of the head after the driving of adjacent piles. Should any pile heave
upwards it shall be redriven to its original level or, if necessary, until its
specified set is again obtained.
9.2.6
9.2.7
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This may be achieved by using a fixed straight edge held against a sheet of
paper affixed to the pile, and running a pencil along the straight edge at the
moment of impact to record on the paper the elastic and plastic sets
resulting from the blow. The straight edge shall be attached to a fixed frame
of heavy timber standing close to the pile.
9.2.8
Extending Piles
Piles shall be extended as directed by the S.O. and shall be carried out as
described below.
When the pile shall have been driven to within one metre of the pile head
above ground level, the dolly and packing shall be removed and the head of
the pile examined for damage. If the pile has suffered no damage, the end
plate shall be thoroughly cleaned, free from rust and scale, and filed down to
expose bare metal. The end plate of the pile extension shall be similarly
cleaned and the extension pitched, placed carefully on top of the pile head,
aligned and plumbed. The end plates shall then be joined by a fillet electric
arc weld extending completely round all four sides as shown on the
Drawings.
After the slag has been chipped from the weld and the weld wire brushed
and cleaned, it shall be inspected by the S.O. and, if pronounced
satisfactory, it shall be painted with 2 coats of coal tar epoxy of an approved
type. Pile driving shall continue when the paint has dried.
If the pile head has suffered damage it shall be repaired by the Contractor to
the satisfaction of the S.O.'s Representative and the cost of all such repairs
shall be borne by the Contractor.
The S.O.'s Representative will instruct the Contractor which length of pile
extension to use for extending the piles.
9.2.9
9.2.10
Load Tests
The Contractor shall carry out load tests on precast concrete piles by the
Maintained Load Method as detailed in Section 9.4.
Tests shall be carried out on preliminary piles and working piles, as defined
in Section 9.1.7 and as directed by the S.O.
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9.3
9.3.1
General
Timber used for the piles shall not be of a lesser quality than the selected
Structural Grades specified in Section J (Stress Gading) of Part III of the
Malayan Grading Rules for Sawn Hardwood Timber. The timber shall be free
from rot, fungal or pest attack and any other defects not permitted for its
grade.
The dimensions of sawn timber piles shall be within the rate of 2mm less
and 6mm greater than their specified cross-sectional dimensions. The
centroid of any cross-section of a sawn timber piles shall not deviate by more
than 25mm from the straight line connecting the centroids of the end faces
of the standard length of pile.
Where applicable the standard of workmanship shall conform to CP 112.
Before commencement of any work, the Contractor shall notify the S.O. the
name of the supplier and manufacturer for approval.
Piles shall be supplied in one single length of 6 metres, unless otherwise
approved.
9.3.2
Treatment of Piles
The method of treatment shall be full-cell process as described in MS 3.38.
The composition for preservative shall be Type 2 of MS 3.38. The depth of
penetration of preservation when determined by the method described in
Appendix H of MS 3.38 shall be a minimum of 25mm. The net dry salt
retention in the treated part of the timber as determined by the method
described in appendix `K of MS 3.38 shall be a minimum of 16 kg.m.cu.
The treated timber pile shall be permanently marked with identifications
which indicate that it complies with the Specification, manufacturer trade
mark, change number and date of treatment, and the length of the pile.
The S.O. may require inspection of the treatment plant to observe and
ensure that the manufacturing process and control testings of the piles are
carried out in accordance with the Specification. Records for the actual
treatment schedule shall be kept during the treatment process, and the
Contractor shall furnish such records for the piles supplied when requested
by the S.O.
Before the treated timber pile is accepted for the Works the Contractor shall
obtain from the manufacturer of the treated piles a warranty on approved
form which provides that for a ten year period the treated piles shall be free
from such fungus and insect attack which may render the supported
structures unsound.
9.3.3
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9.3.5
Load Tests
If so directed by the S.O. the Contractor shall carry out load tests on treated
timber piles shall be carried out by subjecting a group of the piles to a
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vertical test load, until actual failure of the group takes places. The group of
piles shall consist of at least four (4) piles (ie . 2 rows of 2 nos.), and shall be
driven at location of the site as selected by the S.O. The piles tested may
after wards form parts the foundation of the structure.
At least 48 hours notice of the commencement of each test shall be given to
the S.O. the load test shall only commence after the piles have been driven
and left in position for a period of not less than 7 days.
The load test shall be performed before commencing to drive the remaining
piles. From the results of the test (s), the S.O. may direct to vary the number
of the piles required.
The pile shall be tested to failure by the Maintained Load Method as
specified in Section 9.4.
9.4
Pile Testing
9.4.1
General
Unless otherwise specified, pile tests shall be carried out as described in this
Section of the Specification.
9.4.2
9.4.3
Settlement Measurement
Vertical movements of the test pile shall be measured by at least two dial
gauges, with a minimum of 25mm travel, graduated in 0.025mm divisions.
The gauges shall be erected on stiff steel beams, the ends of which shall rest
on or be fixed to reliable supports. Such supports shall be located not closer
than 1.8 metres from the test pile, and shall be rigidly fixed to the ground to
a depth of not less than one metre of concrete surround. In addition, the
elevation of the supports shall be checked frequently with reference to a fixed
benchmark. The entire measuring assembly shall be properly protected
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against rain, direct sunlight and other disturbances that might affect its
reliability. Temperature readings shall be taken when requested by the S.O.
9.4.4
9.4.5
Procedure of Testing
The MAINTAINED LOAD method of testing shall be carried out on the test
pile. The S.O. may at his discretion decide to carry out the CONSTANT RATE
OF PENETRATION method of testing on completion of the Maintained Load
Test.
a) Maintained load test
The load shall be applied in increments of 25% of the working load until
a maximum test load of twice the working load is reached. Each
increment of load shall be applied as smoothly and as expeditiously as
possible. Settlement readings and time observations shall be taken
before and after each new load increment.
A settlement-time graph shall be plotted to indicate when the rate of
settlement of 0.05mm in 15 minutes is reached. A further increment of
load shall be applied when this rate of settlement is achieved or until a
minimum time of 2 hours elapsed, whichever is later. The process is
repeated until the maximum test load is reached.
The maximum test load shall than be maintained for a minimum of 24
hours, and time-settlement readings shall be taken in regular intervals
as for the other load stages.
The test load shall then be decreased in four equal stages and timesettlement readings taken as described aforesaid until the movement
ceases. At least 60 minute intervals shall be allowed between the
unloading decrements.
b) Constant rate of penetration test
The load shall be applied at a constant rate of penetration of a value
varying between 0.75mm per minute to 1.5mm per minute, the rate to be
so chosen as to suit the available pumping equipment. Both settlement
and time readings shall be recorded every minute. Further loading shall
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Records of Test
The Contractor shall submit two copies of all records of results, not
including the original copy, together with load-settlement and load-time
graphs to the S.O. on completion of each test.
9.4.7
9.5
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The respective lengths of any pile subsequently withdrawn and remedial work
executed to correct defective piles shall not be measured for payment.
Bakau piles and timber piles shall be measured only by the total length of piles
supplied, delivered and driven below the foundations to the level of the pile cutoffs.
Steel sheet pile items shall be measured on the basis of the overall plane area
and the shape of the sheet piles will not be considered in measurement.
The Contract Rates for piles and piling shall include for the full cost of providing
temporary staging and all equipment, labour and materials necessary for
transporting, handling, pitching, driving, removing or re-driving (if incorrectly
driven or damaged), measuring and recording pile set and keeping field records,
idle time, all in compliance with the requirements of the Specification. Separate
items are provided for load tests, raking piles, shoes for steel pipe and timber
piles, jointing of piles and cutting of pile heads after driving.
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SECTION 10.0
ROADWORKS
10.0
ROADWORKS
10.1
The preparation of formation shall be carried out only after completion of all
sub-grade drainage, piped drains, services and ducts or any other drainage
work that might affect the works, unless otherwise agreed by the S.O., and
such preparation shall be carried out immediately prior to the laying of the
sub-base or the road-base where no sub-base is required.
The surface of the formation shall be substantially uniform in density
throughout its entire width and shall conform to the density requirements
for compaction. It shall be trimmed to conform to the lines, camber, grades
and typical cross sections shown on the Drawings, or as directed by the S.O.
The surface shall be constructed to sufficient accuracy to permit the
construction of subsequent layers of material to the thickness, cross-section
surface tolerance and compaction specified but in no case shall a tolerance
of + 25mm from the levels shown on the Drawing be permitted. Where ruts
or other objectionable irregularities occur as a result of construction traffic
or other causes, the Contractor shall reshape and re-compact the formation
to the required density before the sub-base or base is placed.
10.2
Earth Subgrade
Where soft spots and unsuitable material occur, they shall be removed and
backfilled with approved stable material and compacted according to the
Specification in Table 10.1, "Plant and Method Specification for Compaction
of Earthworks and Subgrades". The formation shall then be checked and the
final trimmed surface shall be rolled by one pass of a smooth-wheeled roller
of not less than 5 tonnes or an equivalent vibratory roller prior to the laying
of the sub-base or base-course.
Notwithstanding the above the top 300mm of the finished embankment shall
be compacted to a dry density equal to at least 95% of the maximum dry
density as determined by BS 1377:1975, Test No.13. Other layer of sub
base and shoulder shall be compacted to a dry density equal to at least 90%
of the maximum dry density as determined by BS 1377:1975, Test No.13.
The formation shall be so constructed to drain surface water to the side
ditches or other drainage system. If the Contractor allows the moisture
content of the completed formation to reach a value above the permitted
maximum for the compacted material, the Contractor shall allow the
materials to revert to an acceptable moisture content and, if directed by the
S.O., make good at his own expense the surface by recompaction before
laying the sub-base or base.
10.3
Subgrade of Rock
Where the surface of an excavation in rock has deteriorated and is no longer
acceptable as subgrade, the Contractor shall remove all loose rock and
replace it with suitable approved material.
10.4
Pavement Thickness
The thickness of the various layers of the pavement shall be as shown on the
Drawings. However before the construction of the pavement the S.O. may
carry out or direct the Contractor to carry out California Bearing Ratio
(C.B.R.), soaked or unsoaked tests as described in BS 1377 on the prepared
subgrade to determine the strength of the subgrade.
The S.O. may order variations in the thickness of the various layers of the
pavement as shown in the typical cross-section Drawings as a result of the
above tests. Any such changes shall be treated as a variation to the
Contract.
10.5
Sub-base Materials
The sub-base material shall be hard, durable and clean. It shall be granular
material such as laterite or gravel or crushed rock or sand and shall be free
from organic material, clay balls and any other deleterious substances.
The laterite or crushed rock or gravel shall conform to one of the following
gradings :-
BS Sieve Size
40 mm
25 mm
20 mm
10 mm
5 mm
2.4 mm
420 microns
75 microns
100
75 - 100
60 - 90
45 - 75
30 - 60
20 - 50
10 - 30
0- 2
100
70 - 100
58 - 75
35 - 65
25 - 50
15 - 30
0- 2
The sand shall conform to the gradings given below :BS Sieve Size
10 mm
5 mm
1.2 mm
300 microns
150 microns
100
95 - 100
45 - 80
10 - 30
2 - 10
10.6
Alternative Sub-base
Alternative suitable material may be accepted subject to the prior approval of
the S.O. The proposed sub-base material shall have a laboratory controlled
unsoaked CBR value not less than 30% when compacted to 95% of
maximum dry density as determined by the BS 1377:1975 Test No 13 or
modified AASHO compaction test. The material shall be free from vegetable
matter, soft particles or clay lumps and shall conform to one of the following
gradings:BS Sieve Size
40 mm
20 mm
10 mm
5 mm
2.4 mm
420 microns
75 microns
(B)
100
80 - 100
55 - 90
40 - 70
12 - 55
12 - 30
5 - 20
100
80 - 100
55 - 90
40 - 70
20 - 40
8 - 25
The portion passing the No.36 sieve shall, if it is plastic, have a liquid limit
not greater than 35 and a plasticity index not greater than 11.
10.7
Compaction of Sub-base
The sub-base material shall be laid in layers not exceeding 225 mm in
thickness. At the time of laying and compaction of sub-base, the formation
shall be dry. Compaction of sub-base shall be carried out by adequate
compaction equipment approved by the S.O.
Rolling operations shall begin from the outer edge towards the centre
gradually in a longitudinal direction except on superelevated curves where
rolling shall begin at the low side and progress towards the high side.
Sub-base sandy material shall be compacted by use of vibrating equipment.
Each layer shall be compacted to at least 95% of the maximum dry density
as determined by BS 1377:1975, Test No. 13.
If necessary the Contractor shall add water to the sub-base material to
achieve the required moisture content.
Sub-base material containing excess moisture shall be dried by harrowing,
scarifying, typing, ripping or mixing prior to or during compaction. The
Contractor shall ensure that the subgrade is not disturbed by the operations
carried out to adjust the moisture content of the sub-bases material.
The finished sub-base shall not vary more than + 20 mm from the grade or
level shown on the Drawing. The thickness of the finished sub-base shall be
on average not less than the required thickness.
10.8
Road-base Materials
The crushed rock road base to be placed on top of the sub-base shall consist
of sound durable material free from clay lumps, organic matter,
objectionable coatings or other foreign matter. It shall be laid to give a total
compacted thickness, width, grade and levels as shown on the Drawings or
as directed by the S.O. It shall be from a quarry approved by the S.O.
The material shall be crushed rock of hard durable particles or rock crushed
to the correct size, well graded and lie within the following grading limits: -
Note:
1.
2.
BS Sieve Size
50 mm
40 mm
20 mm
10 mm
5 mm
2.4 mm
600 microns
75 microns
100
95 - 100
60 - 80
40 - 60
25 - 40
15 - 30
8 - 22
0- 8
It shall have a CBR value of not less than 80 when compacted to 95% of the
maximum dry density as determined by BS 1377:1975 Test No.13. The
flakiness index of the coarse aggregate shall be less than 35 per cent.
10.9
All material shall be placed and spread evenly to the full width of the
roadbase. The maximum compacted thickness of any one layer shall not
exceed 150mm.
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
115
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NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Finished Surface
The finished roadbase surface shall be even, free from hungry patches,
irregularities, loose material or fines and true to cross- section, lines and
level. Any irregularities on the finished roadbase surface of more than 12mm
when measured with a straight edge 3 metres long laid either parallel to the
centre line of the road or laid transversely, shall be corrected by loosening,
adding or removing material, reshaping and recompacting. The finished
surface level of the roadbase shall not vary from the level shown in the
Drawing by more than 12 mm.
10.11
The requirements of vibratory rollers are based on the use of the lowest
gear on a self propelled machine and a towing speed of 1.5 - 2.5 km
per hour for a towed machine. If higher gears or speeds are used, an
increased number of passes shall be provided in proportion to the
increase in speed of travel.
(ii)
(iii)
General
This section specifies the methods of storage, handling, heating and the
procedure to be used for testing the efficiency of the spraying equipment.
Petroleum Bitumen shall comply with the requirements (for the appropriate
grade) given in BS 3690.
Petroleum Bitumen shall be intended when material is referred to as
"Asphalt Cement" "Straight-run Bitumen", "Penetration grade bitumen", or
by its penetration value (as for example 80 - 100 pen).
10.13
Cutback Bitumen
Cutback bitumen shall be of the rapid curing type or the medium curing
type and shall comply with the requirements (for the appropriate grade of cut
back bitumen) given in BS 3690.
10.14
Bitumen Emulsion
Bitumen Emulsion shall be of the anionic and or cationic type and shall
comply with the requirements (for the appropriate grade) given in BS 434.
10.15
10.16
This test shall be carried out prior to using the distributor for the first time
on the Contract and at such intervals thereafter as may be required by the
S.O.
Should the quantity of bitumen in any trough or troughs be found to lie
outside the prescribed tolerance from the average, the Contractor shall carry
out such adjustments to the distributor, or, including the replacement of any
faulty jets, as may be necessary to achieve compliance with the test
requirements.
10.17
Material
The prime coat shall be a medium curing cut-back bitumen of grade M.C.O.
or M.C.I. The actual grade to be used shall determine the penetration of
each grade.
Material for blinding shall be clean, sharp and free from organic matter and
with not more than 45% of material passing No.25 BS Sieve. Not more
than 5% of material used for blinding shall be retained on the 6.35mm
(1/4in.) BS Sieve.
Alternatively, grit arising from the crushing of rock may be used, subject to
the approval of the S.O. regarding its grading.
10.18
Surface Preparation
Immediately before the application of the prime coat the surface of the road
base shall be brushed clean and free from all dust, dirt, dried or wet mud,
organic matter or any other loose material to the satisfaction of the S.O.
If considered necessary by the S.O., the surface of the road base shall be
slightly damped before the application of the prime coat. Moisture control of
the road base shall be carried out by the Contractor using a wetting agent
and method approved by the S.O. and to a level of dampness to the
satisfaction of the S.O.
Preparation of the surface as above shall not precede the application of
bitumen by more than 450m. Should any part or parts of the prepared
surface become contaminated or unsuitable for the application of the prime
coat, due to lack of care on the Contractor's part to protect the surface or
due to prolonged exposure, the surface shall be restored or reprepared to the
satisfaction of the S.O.
10.19
M.C.O.
M.C.I.
10.20
F DEGREES
C DEGREES
100 - 135
135 - 160
40 - 60
60 - 70
Spraying Procedure
Immediately before any spraying run is begun the spray bar shall be tested
by allowing all the jets to discharge simultaneously for about half a minute
with a slotted metal tray placed beneath the spray bar whilst a visual
inspection is made. Any jet which is seen not delivering a uniform spray
cone shall be cleaned or replaced. After testing the spray bar the distributor
shall proceed with the spraying run without delay.
Any areas insufficiently covered shall be resprayed by spray lance to the
satisfaction of the S.O. No spraying of bitumen shall be carried out during,
or when rain is imminent, or immediately after rain until the road base has
dried.
After spraying the surface shall be left for a minimum period of three (3)
hours before blinding. Blinding shall be applied so as to obtain a uniform
covering without evidence of bare or fat patches of bitumen. The blinding
shall be rolled with not more than two passes of an approved roller.
10.21
10.22
The coarse aggregate shall be natural aggregate sub-stantially free from the
material passing a BS 3.35mm (1/8in) Sieve. It shall be hard, clean, durable
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
120
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
crushed rock of the granite or limestone group or of any other rock group as
may be approved by the S.O. Only granite shall be used for the wearing
course.
Fine Aggregate
i)
ii)
Binder
The binder shall be straight run bitumen, which shall have a penetration at
25 deg C, between 80 and 100.
Composition of Mixtures
The composition of freshly mixed material for the bitumen macadam shall
comply on analysis with the following requirements: a) Base Course
Passing BS Sieve (mm)
63
50
40
25
13
3
1 " (38mm)
Nominal Size Aggregate
% By Weight
100
90 - 100
50 - 80
10 - 30
0 - 10
3.0 - 3.8
b) Wearing Course
3/4" (20mm)
Nominal Size Aggregate
25
20
13
10
6
3
1.2
0.075
100
95 - 100
70 - 90
55 - 75
40 - 60
25 - 40
14 - 30
3-6
4.4 - 5.4
Note:
10.23
a)
b)
Mixing
The aggregate shall be surface dried, and the aggregate and binder
separately heated to the following temperatures before entering the mixer: Aggregate 120 - 148 deg C
Binder
130 - 162 deg C
It is particularly important to avoid excessive heating of the binder, and
excessively high temperatures of the aggregate at the time of mixing, as
these will adversely affect the quality of the resultant macadam.
The materials, including any added filler, shall be weighed or measured in a
mechanical mixer and thoroughly mixed in such a manner that all particles
of the aggregates are completely and uniformly coated.
The mixing plant shall have a capacity sufficient to supply the paver on the
road continuously when spreading the mix at normal speed and required
thickness.
10.24
Transport
The bitumen macadam shall be transported from the manufacturing plant to
the Site in clean vehicles and shall be protected against adverse weather
conditions by means of tarpaulins. The use of coated dust, oil or water on
the interior of vehicles to facilities discharge of the bitumen macadam may
be permitted, but the amount shall be kept to a minimum and any excess
shall be removed by tipping or brushing.
It is particularly important that bitumen macadam, which is to be laid warm,
shall be protected to minimise loss of heat during transit so that all material
is delivered in a condition suitable for spreading and compacting.
The temperature of the Bitumen Macadam, during delivery to laying site,
shall be between 104oC and 132oC and at the time of rolling not less than
79oC.
10.25
10.26
a)
BS 812
b)
BS 598
c)
BS 3235
:
:
65mm
35mm
:
:
10mm
6mm
10.27
10.28
10.29
Joints
When a transverse construction joint is to be made, the material shall be cut
back to a vertical face of the full depth of the course being laid and painted
with bitumen or bitumen emulsion before any new material is laid.
On longitudinal joints a complete bond of the two strips after compaction
shall be ensured. If this is not possible, the edge shall be cut back and
painted as above.
10.30
10.31
Compaction
As soon as rolling can be effected without causing undue displacement, the
bitumen macadam shall be uniformly compacted by rolling to a density of
not less than 98 percent of the Marshall Density of the mix. Compaction
shall be carried out with a roller or rollers of weight not less than 6 tons nor
exceed 10 tons, and the width of a roller shall not be less than 1.0m. The
bitumen macadam shall be rolled in a longitudinal direction, working from
the sides to the centre of the carriageway, overlapping on successive passes
by at least one half of the width of the rear roll. The roller shall be fitted with
a quick reverse and smooth acting clutch.
Rollers shall not be allowed to stand on newly laid macadam while there is a
risk that the surface will be deformed thereby.
Traffic shall not be allowed to pass over the surface until the bitumen
macadam has been completed and is adequately set.
10.32
Road Shoulders
Road shoulders shall be constructed to the lines, grades, levels, dimensions
and cross sections shown on the Drawings and as directed by the S.O.
The shoulder shall be constructed on a previously prepared sub-base or
subgrade finished as required in the Specification. The work shall be carried
out in conformity with the requirements for simultaneous construction of
sub-base or base where required and as approved by the S.O. The material
for shoulder construction shall be of well-graded laterite, gravel mining
ballast or other suitable local material approved by the S.O. and conforms to
the requirements of sub-base material and the following additional
requirements:
Minimum Plasticity Index
10
30
20
10.33
% Passing By Weight
100
80 - 100
45 - 70
25 - 50
15 - 30
12 - 20
6 - 12
2 -8
10.35
10.36
The notes given in this Clause and Tables 10.1 and 10.2 are for guidance
only and shall not relieve the Contractor from his basic obligation to produce
work to the required standard of the Specification.
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
126
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
i)
ii)
iii)
The forces per 100mm width is the total force (weight) on the roll
divided by the total roll width. Where a smooth-wheeled roller has
more than one axle the machine will be assessed on the basis of the
axle giving the highest value of force per 100mm width.
iv)
For pneumatic tyred rollers, wheel load is the total weight of the roller
divided by the number of wheels.
v)
b)
c)
vi)
b)
vii)
viii)
10.37
ix)
x)
I) Gabion/Mattresses
Minimum Value
II) Roadwork
Minimum Value
7.7 kN/m
20 kN/m
0.68 kN
1.3 kN
3.3 kN
50 l.p.s./sq metre
13 l.p.s./sq.metre
160 m (max.)
145 m (max.)
pH>=2
pH>=2
pH<=13
pH<=13
10% (max.)
10% (max.)
The geotextile for road sub-base formation shall be woven type material. The
geotextile for rock filled gabion/mattresses can be non-woven type.
The geotextile material shall be resistant to general chemical attack, oil,
petrol, petroleum bitumen, cut back bitumen, bacteria, fungi and the like.
Additionally, the geotextile material shall not deteriorate significantly in
strength due to exposure to sunlight. The geotextile material shall retain at
least 80% of its original strength after an exposure to 10,000 Langley's
isolator radiation.
10.38
10.39
TABLE 10.1
PLANT AND METHOD SPECIFICATION FOR COMPACTION OF EARTHWORKS AND SUB-GRADES
Well-Graded Granular &
Dry Cohesive Soil
Cohesive Soil
TYPE OF
COMPACTION
PLANT
Smooth-Wheeled
Roller
Grid Roller
Vibratory Roller
Uniformly-Graded Materials
Maximum
Depth Of
Compacted
Layer
(mm)
Minimum
Number Of
Passes
Maximum
Depth Of
Compacted
Layer
(mm)
Minimum
Number Of
Passes
Maximum
Depth Of
Compacted
Layer
(mm)
Minimum
Number Of
Passes
2.1 - 2.6
2.61 - 5.2
more than 5.2
125
125
150
8
6
4
125
125
150
10
8
8
125
125
Unsuitable
10*
8*
Unsuitable
150
150
150
10
8
4
Unsuitable
125
150
Unsuitable
12
12
150
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
10
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
75
75
125
150
150
175
200
225
250
16
12
12
8
4
4
4
4
4
150
150
150
200
225
250
275
300
300
16
12
6
10*
12*
10*
8*
8*
6*
CATEGORY
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
0.25 - 0.45
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
0.46 - 0.70
12
100
0.71 - 1.25
8
125
1.26 - 1.75
4
150
1.76 - 2.3
4
175
2.31 - 2.8
4
200
2.81 - 3.5
4
225
3.51 - 4.2
4
250
4.21 - 4.9
* These rollers shall be towed. Self-propelled rollers are unsuitable.
130
Cohesive Soil
TYPE OF
COMPACTION
PLANT
Pneumatic-tyred
Roller
CATEGORY
Static
Pressure
under
Base Plate
(kN/m2)
8.6 - 10.3
10.3 - 12.1
12.1 - 13.8
13.8 - 17.2
17.2 - 20.7
more than 20.7
Vibro-tamper
Maximum
Depth Of
Compacted
Layer
(mm)
Minimum
Number Of
Passes
Maximum
Depth Of
Compacted
Layer
(mm)
Minimum
Number Of
Passes
Maximum
Depth Of
Compacted
Layer
(mm)
Minimum
Number Of
Passes
125
150
175
225
300
350
400
450
6
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
125
125
125
150
150
175
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
12
10
10
8
8
6
150
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
10*
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
100 (4)
150 (6)
200 (8)
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
6
6
6
Unsuitable
10
6
6
5
5
75 (3)
100 (4)
150 (6)
150 (6)
200 (8)
250 (10)
6
6
6
4
4
4
100 (4)
150 (6)
200 (8)
3
3
3
3
3
3
150 (6)
200 (8)
225 (9)
3
3
3
Wheel Load
(Tonnes)
1.0 - 1.5
1.5 - 2.0
2.0 - 2.5
2.5 - 4.0
4.0 - 6.0
6.0 - 8.0
8.0 - 12.0
more than 12
Vibrating-plate
Compactor
Uniformly-Graded Materials
Unsuitable
75 (3)
75 (3)
125 (5)
150 (6)
200 (8)
Mass
(kg)
50 - 65
65 - 75
5 more than 75
131
100 (4)
125 (5)
150 (6)
Cohesive Soil
TYPE OF
COMPACTION
PLANT
Power Rammer
CATEGORY
Uniformly-Graded Materials
Maximum
Depth Of
Compacted
Layer
(mm)
Minimum
Number Of
Passes
Maximum
Depth Of
Compacted
Layer
(mm)
Minimum
Number Of
Passes
Maximum
Depth Of
Compacted
Layer
(mm)
Minimum
Number Of
Passes
150 (6)
275 (11)
4
8
150 (6)
275 (11)
6
12
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Mass
(kg)
100
more than 500
132
TABLE 10.2
COMPACTION PROCEDURE FOR UNBOUND SUB-BASE AND ROAD BASE MATERIALS AND
FOR SOIL-CEMENT AND CEMENT-BOUND GRANULAR ROAD BASE
TYPE OF
COMPACTION PLANT
Smooth-wheeled Roller
16
8
Unsuitable
16
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
12
12
10
8
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
16
12
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
16
6
4
3
3
3
2
Unsuitable
16
6
5
5
4
4
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
10
9
8
7
6
8
5
3
Unsuitable
8
6
Unsuitable
Unsuitable
10
Vibrating-plate
Compactor
Vibratory Roller
Pneumatic-tyred Roller
133
Mass (kg)
4
3
2
8
6
4
Unsuitable
10
8
5
5
8
8
Unsuitable
12
50 - 60
65 - 75
> 75
Power Rammer on
Dropping Weight
Compactor
Mass (kg)
100 - 500
> 500
134
10.40
LATERITE PAVEMENT
10.40.1
The preparation of formation shall be carried out only after completion of all
subgrade, drainage, pipe drains, services and ducts or any other drainage
work that might affect the work unless otherwise agreed by the S.O. and
such preparation of formation shall be carried out immediately prior to the
laying of the laterite pavement.
The surface of the formation shall be substantially uniform in density
throughout the entire width and shall confirm to the density requirements
for compaction. It shall be trimmed to confirm to the lines, chambers, grades
and typical cross-section as shown in the Drawings or as directed by the
S.O.
A rough compensation maximum deviation of 25mm will be permitted of
the surface on the final completed formation.
The Works Contractor shall ensure that till is compacted with a slight
outward slope to ensure good run-off surface water.
10.40.2
Pavement Material
Laterite pavement shall be constructed and installed true to line, grade and
crossfall as shown on the Drawings or as directed by the S.O.
The Contractor shall submit sample of laterite for testing from his borrow
area and approval obtained from the S.O. before construction of the laterite
pavement.
The laterite supplied for incorporation in the works shall be from the same
borrow area from which the approved sample was obtained. Notwithstanding
the laterite from the approved borrow area, the S.O. may reject any laterite for
incorporation in the Works if in his opinion the material does not conform to
the approved sample or unsuitable for the Works. The S.O.s decision is final
and not subject to arbitration. The cost and expense to remove any rejected
material is deemed to be included in the Contract Rate.
The Contractor shall pay all necessary fees, fax or royalty to the relevant
Authorities for the use of laterite from the borrow area and is deemed to be
included in the Contract Rate.
The pavement shall consist of laterite, or other suitable local material
approved by S.O. and compacted to a minimum thickness of 150mm or as
directed by the S.O. The material shall be free from vegetable matter, soft
particles, clay lumps; any organic matter or other deleterious substance and
shall conform to one of the grading given below:
135
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
B.S. Sieve
40mm
20 mm
10 mm
5 mm
2.4 mm
420 micron
75 micron
100
80-100
55-90
40-70
30-55
12-30
5-20
100
80-100
55-90
40-70
20-40
8-25
The portion passing No. 36 B.S. Sieve shall, if it is plastic, have a liquid
limit not greater than 35 and plasticity index not greater than 11.
Before construction of the laterite pavement, California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
Soaked Test as described in B.S. 1377:1975 may be carried out on samples of
the laterite materials and on the prepared laterite pavement by the S.O. The
Contractor shall provide the attendance to carry out the test and the cost and
expenses arising therefrom is deemed to be included in the Contract Rate.
10.40.3
10.40.4
Compaction
Compaction shall be a minimum soaked CBR of 20% when compacted to
95% of the maximum dry density determined in BS 1377 Compaction Test
(4.5 kg rammer method) and soaked for 4 days under a surcharge of 4.5 kg.
136
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
Rectification of Surface
The surface of the prepared formation and the laterite pavement where it is
not in compliance with the tolerance set out in Clause 10.40.3 unless the
S.O. agrees, shall be rectified by the Contractor.
All low spots shall be made up with approved fresh material as specified,
laid and compacted to Specification. The defective area shall be scarified to
a depth of 80 mm and corrected either by removal of material from high
spots or by importation of further similar material to low spots. The area
treated shall be not less than 15m long and 2 metre wide or such lengths to
be determined by the S.O. necessary to obtain compliance with the
Specification. The material removed from any high spot shall be run to
waste and removed from the site at the Contractors own expense.
137
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
SECTION 11.0
BRICKLAYER
11.0
BRICKLAYER
11.1
Bricks
All bricks used in the Works, unless otherwise shown in the Drawings, shall
be hard, well burnt, machine made wire out clay bricks of R.I.B.A. standard
size and from approved sources. They shall be regular in size and shape,
with good faces and clean arises, undamaged, and free from all defects.
Facing bricks shall be of the colour selected by the S.O. before any bricks are
ordered samples shall be submitted to the S.O. for approval and all deliveries
of bricks shall be up to the standard of the samples approved and kept on
the site. All rejected bricks shall be removed from the site forthwith at the
Contractor's own expenses.
11.2
Cement
The cement, unless otherwise described, shall be ordinary Portland cement
complying with B.S. 12.
11.3
4.76
mm
2.40
mm
1.20
mm
600
m
300
m
150
m
100
90-100
70-100
40-100
5-70
0-15
Sands for
reinforced
brickwork mortar
100
90-100
70-100
40-80
5-40
0-10
138
SPECIFICATION FOR PIPEWORKS
SAJH WS/PW/001 (Rev.1.0/06.2007)
NO CHANGES ALLOWED WITHOUT THE PERMISSION OF QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT
OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD
11.4
Water
Water shall be fresh, clean of potable quality, free of vegetation and other
deleterious matters and shall comply with B.S. 3146.
11.5
Mortar
Mortar for brickwork below D.P.C. level, piers and bearing wall shall consist
of one part of cement to three parts of sand by volume and shall be made in
as small quantities as is required and shall be used within half an hour of
mixing.
Mortar for brickwork above D.P.C. level shall be composed of one part of
cement and six parts of sand with the addition of an approved mortar
plasticiser used strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's instruction.
11.6
Mixing Mortar
The ingredients for the mortars shall be measured in proper gauging boxes
and a boarded platform shall be used for mixing. The mixture shall be
thoroughly mixed dry after which only sufficient water shall be added with
fine rose and the mass thoroughly mixed again to produce a uniform
material of good consistency. No re-making up of partially set mortar shall
be permitted.
11.7
Brick Laying
Bricks shall be carefully handled from carts or lorries and stacked and all
broken bricks shall be removed from the site without delay.
All bricks shall be soaked in water for at least half an hour immediately
before being laid and shall then be kept wet until they are set in the
structure.
New brickwork shall be protected from the sun and kept moist for at least
one day after it has been built.
The tops of all walls where work has stopped shall be made thoroughly wet
immediately before further work is commenced.
All brickwork shall be constructed in English bond unless otherwise
specified and shall be carried out perfectly true and plumb through
successive courses so that no part of the work is more than 900mm above
any adjacent brickwork. No overhang work will be permitted and scaffolding
shall be carried up as the work proceeds.
Bed and vertical joints of brickwork shall be filled solid with mortar and no
vertical joint shall be allowed to be flushed up from the top each joint must
be filled up as the bricks are laid. All work found out to comply strictly with
this requirement shall be taken down and rebuilt at the Contractor's
expense.
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Joints shall not be more than 6mm in thickness and all joints shall be raked
out to a depth of 12mm to form a key for plastering as the work proceeds.
All wall angles piers, plasters and other brickwork shall be properly bonded
together in the best approved manner. No broken bricks shall be used except
when bricks cut to the correct size and shape are used to form the bond.
All brickwork adjacent to reinforced concrete shall be bonded to the concrete
structure with approved ties set at every fourth course. The ties shall be
adequately secured to the main reinforcement in the concrete.
11.8
Half-Brick Walls
Half-brick walls shall be built in stretcher bond and shall be reinforced at
every fourth course with "Exmet" or other approved brick reinforcement,
commencing two courses above floor level.
11.9
Facing Brickwork
All facing brickwork shall be executed in first quality approved racing bricks
in Stretcher or Flemish bond as shown, properly bonded into any backing
walls, piers, etc. Joints shall be raked out to a depth of 13mm and pointed
up in coloured cement mortar to approved tints, finished with a neat struck
weathered joint.
11.10
11.11
Lintels
Unless otherwise shown all brickwork over openings shall be supported on
precast concrete lintels in accordance with the dimension shown on the
drawing or as directed by the S.O.
11.12
Building In
Build in cramps, cramps for metal windows, doors, frames and precast
units where shown and wherever required. Wrot-iron cramps shall be 38mm
x 6mm x 225mm long for fixing wooden frames, etc. On end of the cramp
shall be turned up and screwed to the frame and the other end shall be split
and fish-tailed for building in. Cramps shall be embedded in concrete and
built in as the brickwork proceeds.
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11.13
Scaffolding
All scaffolding must be self supporting and independent of the building. No
scaffolding bearers supported on the walls of the building under
construction.
11.14
b)
11.15
The pipes, specials and valves in the valve chambers shall be set in
Grade 20 concrete blocks to exact line and level prior to the
construction of the chamber walls and all parts of the pipes and
specials which are to be encased in concrete shall be brushed clean of
their respective coatings.
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SECTION 12.0
12.0
12.1
Structural steel work shall conform to the requirements of BS 449; steel shall
comply with BS 15, BS 548, BS 968 whichever is appropriate and steel tubes
for structural purposes shall comply with BS 1775 and shall be obtained from
a manufacturer to the prior approval of the S.O.
Steelwork shall be thoroughly descaled to BS 4232 second quality and shall
be painted with two coats of two pack epoxy based red lead primer before
leaving the manufacturer's works. Any damage to this coating shall be
repainted before erection.
12.2
12.3
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12.4
Handrailing
Handrailing shall be made from hot-dip galvanised mild steel hollow sections
and flats. After cleaning with lithoform, it shall be painted with two coats of
two pack epoxy red lead primer, an undercoat and a further 2 coats of an
approved gloss paint after installation. Expansion units shall be provided
where the handrailings are more than 15 metre long.
Where safety chains are required, they are to be galvanised mild steel 10mm
nominal size, short links, smooth welded chains in accordance with BS 4942
Part 2. Each length of chain shall be fitted with a shackle at one end and a
nap fastening at the other.
The rates for handrailing shall include for painting and formation and
subsequent grouting up of pockets in the concrete for stanchions.
12.5
Ladder
Mild steel ladders shall be hot-dip galvanised in accordance with BS 729.
After cleaning with lithoform it shall be painted with two coats of approved
two pack coal tar epoxy paint which shall be obtained from an approved
manufacturer. Unless detailed on the Drawings, the Contractor shall submit
to the S.O. detailed drawings of the ladder for approval before placing any
orders.
Steel ladders shall be 450mm wide, of welded construction and shall not
have an unsupported length of more than 2 metre. Intermediate support
between the ends of the ladder shall be by means of stays securely fixed to
the nearest part of the structure.
The steel ladders shall be galvanised before leaving the manufacturers'
works and the Contract Rates for supplying and fixing steel ladders shall
include for painting as specified, and for all nuts, bolts, stays and other
things necessary for fixing the ladders securely in place.
12.6
Step Irons
Steel irons for use in chambers shall unless otherwise specified be bent from
25mm diameter mild steel bars to the shape and dimensions shown on the
Drawings and shall be hot-dip galvanised after bending. Step irons shall be
measured by number and the Contract Rates for step irons shall include for
the supply and all necessary fixing work galvanising and painting with 2
coats of approved two pack coal tar epoxy paint.
12.7
Fencing
Fencing shall be as detailed on the Drawings.
Chain link for fencing shall be PVC coated and consist of hot dipped
galvanised 3.7mm wire of 50mm square mesh reinforced with 3 nos. 4.1 mm
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hot dipped galvanised line wires. Barbed wires shall be galvanised two ply
2.64 mm with 4 point barbs spaced at 75 mm interval.
Fence posts shall be of 64mm x 64mm x 9.4mm hot dipped galvanised mild
steel angles spaced at 3.0 metre intervals with straining posts at all corners
and at intervals of 15 metre. Stays for straining posts shall be 51mm x
51mm x 6.3mm hot dipped galvanised mild steel angles raked at 45o. All
mild steel angles shall be galvanised and painted in accordance with BS
5493. All fence posts and struts shall be sunk into post holes 300mm x
300mm x 750mm deep, and filled in with Grade 20 concrete to be flushed
with ground level.
Suitable gate as shown in the drawings shall be provided to match the
fencing. This gate shall be complete with lock gears and a 75mm lock of
approved brand. Four (4) keys shall be provided for the locks.
The Contract Rates for fencing and gate shall include for the supply of all
materials, galvanising, excavation, erection of the fencing complete painting
with 2 coats of approved paint, fence posts, stays corner posts, concrete
support and dwarf walls. Payment will be made for the net length of fencing
and number of gate erected.
12.8
12.9
Galvanised Metals
All metals to be galvanised shall be of the full dimensions shown or specified
and all punching, cutting, drilling, screw tapping, welding and the removal of
burrs shall be completed before the galvanising process commences.
All galvanising shall be done by the hot-dip process with spilter, not less
than 98% of which shall be pure zinc. Bolts, nuts and washers shall be
completely galvanised including the threads but galvanising removed in the
course of nut fixing may be replaced with an approved zinc rich paint.
The galvanising shall be uniform, clean, smooth and as free from spangle as
possible. It shall weigh not less than 6.00 grams per square metre of area
covered and be not less than 0.1mm thick.
All galvanised metal parts shall be protected from damage due to electrolytic
action, white rust and abrasion during delivery, storage and erection. Minor
damage shall be touched up with an approved zinc chromate or other
approved metallic compound but if, in the opinion of the S.O. the damage to
the galvanising is too severe or extensive the part shall be removed and be
re-galvanised.
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12.10
Dissimilar Metals
The Contractor shall not use fixtures and fittings for metalwork including
pipework in which dissimilar metals likely to lead to galvanic action are
placed in permanent contact with each other.
12.11
12.12
12.13
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OF SAJ HOLDINGS SDN BHD