Music 301

Review Sheet: Exam I

Test Format
Multiple choice, true/false, essay, image identification, and listening identification. For listening, you
should be able to provide the title and composer for the pieces that have attributions, and know the genre
and important musical characteristics.
Essay Topics
Music and Catholic Liturgy
Music of the Troubadours and Trouvres
The Development of Polyphony
Instruments and Instrumental music
Antiquity
Oldest musical instruments
Neanderthal flute?
Music in the Bible
Ancient Greece
How do we know about this music?
Where was music heard?
General musical characteristics
Musical instruments
Lyre, Aulos, Hydraulis
Greek music theory
Tetrachords
Tonoi
Relation between poetry and
music
Importance and Power of Music
Pythagorus
Liberal Arts
Trivium
Quadrivium
Harmony of the Spheres
Doctrine of Ethos
How did music of Antiquity influence
later music?
Plainchant
Music and the Church
St. Augustine
Pope Gregory I
Standardizing chant repertories
Early music notation
Neumes
Liturgical function
Divine Office
St. Benedict
Mass
Ordinary
Proper
Relationship between words and text
Syllabic
Neumatic
Melismatic
*Why would you choose one style over
another?

Chants of the Divine Office

Psalms
Psalm tones
Antiphons
Hymns
Musical characteristics of chant
8 Church Modes: Dorian, Phrygian, etc.
Authentic/Plagal
finalis
ambitus
Hexachords
Gamut
Guido of Arezzo
Guidonian Hand
Rhythm: what do we know?
Expansion of Plainchant
Tropes
Glossing
Notker Balbulus
Prosula
Sequence
Hildegard of Bingen
Abbess
Scivias
Ordo Virtutum
Early Polyphony
Organum
Musica enchiradis
Musical characteristics of Organum
Vox principalis
Vox organalis
What intervals are important? Why?
Types of Organum
Parallel
Contrary Motion
Melismatic
Organum at Notre Dame
Lonin
Magnus Liber Organi
Free organum
Discant organum

Perotin
How is Perotins organum
different from Lonins?
Rhythmic modes
Relationship to poetic meter?
Clausula
Clausula to Motet
Secular Monophony
Carmina Burana
Types of songs
Courtly Love
Chivalry
Chansonniers
Medieval Minstrels
Goliards
Jongleurs
Troubadours/troubaritz
Bernart de Ventadorn
Beatrice de Dia
Trouvres
Music in Iberia (Spain and Portugal)
Cantigas
Music in Germany
Minnesinger
Walther von der Vogelweide
Bar Form
14th-Century France
Ars Nova/ Ars Antiqua
Musical characteristics of Ars Nova
Philippe de Vitry
Mensuration
Franco of Cologne
Franconian Notation
Long, Breve, semi-breve
De Vitrys Innovations
Mensuration signs
Tempus Perfectum
Tempus Imperfectum
Ars Nova Motets
Multiple texts
Isorhythm: Talea, Color
Le Roman de Fauvel
Gervais de Bus
Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377)
Biography
Principal Works
Messe de Nostre Dame
Livre du voir dit
Secular Song
Formes Fixes
Ballade, Virelai, Rondeaux
Church response to Ars Nova
Ars Subtilior
Avignon: Great Schism
Musical characteristics
Baude Cordier

Music in 14th-Century Italy

Trecento
Musical characteristics
Major Song Forms:
Ballata
Madrigal
Caccia
Francesco Landini
Squarcialupi Codex
Jacopo de Bologna
Lorenzo da Firenze
Johannes Ciconia
Music in 14th-Century England
Musical characteristics
Sumer is icumen in
Rondellus
Instrumental music of the Middle Ages
What do we know?/ How do we know it?
Stringed instruments: Rebec, Psaltery, Lute
Wind instruments: Shawm, Gemshorn, Sackbut
Percussion: Pipe and Tabor
Keyboard: Hurdy Gurdy (Organistrum)
Portative Organ
High and Low Instruments
Intabulation
Estampie
Puncta
Music Identification
Epitaph of Seikilos
Ancient Greece
How did this music survive?
Hildegard of Bingen, Ordo virtutum
Liturgical Drama
Monophonic
Beatriz de Dia, A chantar
Troubadour song; unrequited love
Cantigas de Santa Maria
Spain; Devotion to Mary
Vogelwiede, Palstinalied
Germany; Minnesinger; Crusade Song
Lonin, Haec dies
Organum; Notre Dame
Perotin, Viderunt omnes
4-voice organum; Notre Dame
Anonymous, A Paris/On Parole/Frese Nouvelle
Motet: polytextual
Machaut, La Messe de Nostre Dame
Isorhythm; 1st complete mass cycle
De Vitry, Garrit gallus
Ars Nova Motet, two texts at same time
Machaut, Douce dame joli
Virelai, monophonic
Cordier, Tout par compass

Ars Subtilior
Lorenzo da Firenze, A poste messe
Caccia, trecento
Anonymous, Sumer is icumen in
1250: first western canon; English