You are on page 1of 10

fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lf; fy;ntl;Lfspy; ngz;fs; : Xu; Ma;T

nt.,uhN[e;jpud;>

vk;.V.> vk;/gpy;.> b,v.>

tphpTiuahsH> tuyhw;Wj;Jiw>
V.tp.rp.fy;Y}hp (jd;dhl;rp)>
kd;dk;ge;jy;> kapyhLJiw.

fhQ;rpGuk;

vd;w

nrhy;Ny

tuyhw;Wr;

rpwg;GilaJ.

rq;f

fhyk;

Kjy;

fhQ;rpGuk; gw;wpa tuyhW ekf;Fj; njspthff; fpilf;fpwJ. ,d;iwa fhQ;rpGuk;


khtl;lk; md;W njhz;il kz;lyk; vDk; gue;j gFjpapDs; ,Ue;Js;sJ. rq;f
,yf;fpaq;fs; Nghw;Wk; fhQ;rpGuk; Nghd;w Cu;fs; ,Ue;j gFjp> fiyf;fUt+yk;>
tuyhw;Wg; ngl;lfk; vdg;Nghw;Wk; tifapy; gy;ytu; Ml;rp Gupe;J njhz;il ehL
vdg; ngau; ngw;w gFjp. Nrhou;> ghz;bau;> rk;Gtuhau;> tpraefuu; vd mur
kuGfs; njhlu;e;J Ml;rp Gupe;J tsk; Nru;j;j gFjp. njd;dpe;jpahtpd; goikahd
murhd gy;ytu;fspd; jiyefukhf tpsq;fpaJ.1 fhQ;rpapy; topghl;L Kiwapid
itj;Jr; rpt fhQ;rp> itzt fhQ;rp> rkzf; fhQ;rp vd;wiog;gu;. Ntftjp kw;Wk;
ghyhW

Mfpa

mike;Js;sd.

,U
mNj

MWfSf;fpilNa
Nghy;

rpt

rkzf;fhQ;rp

fhQ;rpAk;>
([pdf;fhQ;rp)

itzt
Ntftjp

fhQ;rpAk;
Mw;wpd;

njd;fiuapy; mike;Js;sJ.
fhQ;rpGuk;>

njhz;il

kz;lyj;jpd;

epu;thfg;

gpupTj;

jiyikaplkhfj;

jpfo;e;jijr; rq;f E}y;fs; kw;Wk; ,g;gFjp fy;ntl;Lfs; njuptpf;fpd;wd. ,e;efuk;


fr;rp> fr;rpg;NgL> fhQ;rp> fhQ;rpefu;> fhQ;rp khefu; vd;w gy;NtW ngau;fshy;
Rl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. rq;f ,yf;fpa E}y;fs; ,e;efiu> fr;rp vd;wiog;gNj kpfg;
goikahdjhFk;.

fhQ;rp

kuk;

#o;e;j

,lkhjyhy;

,g;ngau;

ngw;wJ

vd

Ma;thsu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;. ,g;gFjpapid mj;jpa+u; kw;Wk; jpUmj;jpa+u; vd;Dk;


ngauhy; miof;fg;gl;lij ,g;gFjp fy;ntl;Lfs; gfu;fpd;wd. mj;jp kuq;fs;

epiwe;jpUe;j gFjp vd;gjhy; mj;jpa+u; vd;w ngau; ngw;wJ. mj;jpa+upy; cs;s


Fd;W

gFjpapy;

,f;Nfhapy;

jhd;

mUshsg;

,iwtid

ngUkhs;

mj;jpa+u;

Nfhapy;

Mo;thu;

mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

mj;jpa+u;

epd;wUspa

mUshsg;ngUkhs;> mj;jptuju; vd;w ngau;fshy; miof;fg;gl;lij ,f;Nfhapy;


fy;ntl;Lfs; thapyhf mwpaKbfpd;wd.
,f;Nfhapypy;

nkhj;jk;

360

fy;ntl;Lfs;

cs;sd.

,f;fy;ntl;Lfspy;

fhyj;jhy; Ke;ijaJ Kjyhk; ,uhrhjpuhrdpd; 32-MtJ Ml;rpahz;Lf; (fp.gp.1050)


fy;ntl;lhFk;. ,j;jifa ngUikfisf; nfhz;l njhz;il kz;lyj;jpd; jpyfk;
Nghy; mike;jJ fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;.2
fhQ;rpGuk; 12050 tl ml;rNuifapYk; 79040 fpof;F jPu;f;f NuifapYk;
mike;Js;sJ.

fly;

kl;lj;jpypUe;J

250

kP

cauj;jpy;

cs;sJ.

nrd;idapypypUe;J 75 fp.kP njhiytpy; mike;Js;sJ. kapyhLJiw ka+uehju;


NfhapypUe;J

Rkhu;

185

fp.kP

njhiytpy;

tlf;F

Nehf;fpAk;>

fq;ifnfhz;lNrhoGuj;jpypUe;J Rkhu; 120 fp.kP njhiytpy; njd;Nkw;F Nehf;fpAk;>


kfhgypGuj;jpypUe;J

Rkhu;

60

fp.kP

njhiytpy;

tlNkw;F

Nehf;fpAk;

mike;Js;sJ. ,j;jifa fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lf; fy;ntl;Lfspy; ngz;fs; vd;Dk;


jiyg;gpy; ,f;fl;Liu mikfpd;wJ. fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; Nrug; gdQ;Nrup tPkPRtuu;
Nfhapy; fy;ntl;Lfs; ,uz;Lk;> fhQ;rpGuk; cyfse;j ngUkhs; Nfhapy; fy;ntl;L
xd;Wk;>

jpUtb#yk;

xd;Wk;>

fsj;J}u;

QhdGuPRtuu;

njhlf;fg;gs;sp

vd;w
mUNf

jpUtpilr;Ruehju;
xU

tPl;by;

Nfhapy;

fy;ntl;L

itf;fg;gl;L

,Ue;j

gyiff;fy; fy;ntl;L xd;Wk;> goida+u; khfhNsRtuu; Nfhapy; fy;ntl;L xd;Wk;>


fhQ;rpGuk; mUshsg;ngUkhs; Nfhapypy; cs;s Kjyhk; ,uhrhjpuhrd; fy;ntl;L
xd;Wk;> tpf;fpukNrhod; fy;ntl;L xd;Wk;> ,uz;lhk; ,uhruhrd; fy;ntl;L xd;Wk;>
%d;whk; ,uhruhrd; fy;ntl;Lfs; Ie;Jk;> njYq;F
kfhuhrh

,uhrfz;lNfhghyd;>

tpirafz;lNfhghyd;

Nrhou;fshd

my;Ye;jpf; f

fy;ntl;Lfs;

%d;Wk;>

kd;du;fspd; ngau; njupahj jpUtb#yk;> fsj;J}u; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; cs;s


,uz;L fy;ntl;LfSk; ngz;fspd; nfhiliag; gw;wpj; njspthf tpsf;Ffpd;wd.
mg;ngz;fspd; tk;rk;> Cu;gw;wpAk;> ,f;Nfhapy;fspy; mtu;fs; Vw;gLj;jpa
ee;jtdk;> tpsf;nfupf;f

toq;fpa cupik>

,f;NfhapYf;fhf Cu; epyq;fisj;

jhdkspj;jJ> epyq;fisAk;> jhq;fs; mzpe;jpUe;j Mguzq;fisAk; tpw;gid


nra;jJ> Fj;Jtpsf;F jhdk; toq;fpaJ mjw;fhf MLfs;> gR khLfs; jhdak;
toq;fp tpsf;nfupf;fr; nra;jJ> ,iwtd; ,iwtpf;fhfg; gj;kgPlk; Vw;gLj;jpj;
je;jJ> Kd;dhspy; toq;fpa ehzaq;fs; jhdkhf toq;fpaJ> Vupapy; J}k;G
mikj;Jf;nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ

Kjyhd

mt;tifapy;

,f;Nfhapy;fspy;

Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

cilait.

fy;ntl;Lfspy;

fhyj;jhy;

nfhilfisg;

cs;s

ngz;fisg;

,g;ngz;fspd;
Ke;ijait

gw;wp

tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
gw;wpa

rpwg;igg;

Kjyhk;

fy;ntl;Lfs;

gw;wp

tptupf;Fk;

,uhrhjpuhrdpd;

32

Mk;

Ml;rpahz;L nghwpf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;lhFk;.


fy;ntl;by; ngz; tk;rk; kw;Wk; fhjzp nfhil :

fhQ;rpGuk; mUshsg;ngUkhs;

Nfhapy; Kjyhk; ,uhrhjpuhrdpd; 32 MtJ Ml;rpahz;L nghwpf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;L>


mUs;nkhopNjt

tsehl;L>

msehl;L

nfhotha;kq;fyj;J

Cu;j;jiytd;

Ia;aQ;;nrl;bahu; kfs; nrl;b uhrkhzpf;fj;jhu; vDk; Esk;gkhNjtpahu; vd;gts;


jpUtj;jpa+u; Mo;thUf;F xU tpsf;nfupf;f 96 MLfs; jhdkspj;Js;shs;. NkYk;
,f;Nfhapy;

,iwtDf;Fj;

jpUthsp

,tsJ

KOg;ngau;

nraq;nfhz;l

nrl;buhrkhzpf;fj;jhu;
jhq;fpauhd

vd;W

Iaq;nfhz;l

(fhjzp)Ak;

fy;ntl;by;

NrhotPuEsk;gupd;

jhdkhf

NrhotPu

nra;jspj;Js;shs;.
Esk;gkhNjtpahuhd

$wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
kidtpahths;

,ts;>

epyq;Fb

vd;w

nra;jpAk;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.3
fy;ntl;by; Cu; epyk; nfhil : fhQ;rpGuk; cyfse;j ngUkhs; Nfhapy; mu;j;j
kz;lgj;njd; Rtupy; cs;s Kjyhk; FNyhj;Jq;fNrhodpd; 40-MtJ Ml;rpahz;L>
,g;ngUkhSf;Fg; g+rel;rj;jpuj;jpYk;> tsu;gpiw JthjrpapYk; topghL nra;aTk;>

khu;fop Vfhjrpapy; tpohTk; epfo;j;j Ntz;bAk; Cufg; ngUkhspd; gf;ijAk;


murdpd; kidtpAkhd fk;gNjtp 80 Ntyp msTs;s Xu; Cupidj; jd; ngauhy;
fk;gNjtp ey;Y}u; vdg;ngaupl;L murdpd; Mizngw;W tupePf;fpf; nfhLj;jijf;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

,e;epyj;jpypUe;J

ePf;fNtz;bait
,f;Nfhapy;

ePf;fptpl;L

300

fy;ntl;bd;

mUshsg;ngUkhs;

tupahf
fyk;

%ykhf

Nfhapy;
19MtJ

mgpetthuzthrpapy;

,Uf;Fk;NghJ

topghl;bw;fhf

cilafhkk;

ney;

1850

nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s

Nkw;Fr;

Ml;rpahz;L

vd;fpw

ney;

nra;jpiaAk;>
fhQ;rpGuk;

RtupYs;s

fy;ntl;L>

fPiof;fq;fu;

NrhkyNjtp

my;yhsehjdpd;
Cupidj;

fyj;jpy;

KbfpwJ.4

mwpe;Jnfhs;s

ghiw

mde;jtu;kuhFNjtupd;

tUk;

vd;gts;

(mUshsg;ngUkhs;)

jhdkspj;Js;shs;.

,k;kd;dd;

GNuhj;jkdpd; (jpUkhy;) kfd; vd;Wk;> guk it\;ztd; vd;Wk;> Vfhjrp tpuj;ijj;


njhlu;e;J

filg;gpbg;gtd;

vd;w

nra;jpapidAk;

,f;fy;ntl;L

thapyhf

mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbfpwJ.5 ,f;Nfhapy; ,uz;lhk; jpUr;Rw;W tlf;Fr;Rtupy; cs;s


njYq;Fr;Nrhou; my;Ye;jpf;fkfhuhrh ,uhrfz;lNfhghyd; 7MtJ Ml;rpahz;L>
fz;lNfhghydpd; murpau;fspy; xUtUk;> ehurpq;fNjtupd; kfshd yl;RkpNjtp
vd;gts;

eLtpy;

fpuhkj;jpd;

kz;lyj;Jj;

jpUkjpSf;Fs;

Ntyp

epyj;jpidj;

mt;turpapd;

epu;tfpf;fTk;>

mtuJ

,e;epyj;jpidf;

jzpaehl;Lr;

nfhilahf

vDk;

jhdkspj;Js;shs;.

ngauhy;

ngauhy;

rhug;ghf;fk;

mike;Js;s

mike;Js;s

mspj;Js;shs;

fz;lNfhghyd;
jpUee;jtdj;jpid

klj;jpy;

vd;w

KUf;fk;gl;L

nra;jp

cztspf;fTk;
,f;fy;ntl;by;

nghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.6
fy;ntl;by;

Mguzk;

tpw;W

epyk;

Mtzk;

nra;jy;

mUshsg;ngUkhs; Nfhapy; ghiw Nkw;Fr;Rtupy; cs;s ,uz;lhk;

fhQ;rpGuk;
,uhruhrd;

22MtJ Ml;rpahz;L> Nrl;lY}u; ngk;khd; kfs; NguUshsd; nfhw;wp vd;gts;


jdJ

Mguzj;ij

fhyj;jpy;

tpw;W

,e;epyj;jpid

100

Fop

epynkhd;wpid

mDgtpj;Jf;nfhz;L

thq;fpAs;shs;.

mtsJ

kiwTf;Fg;

,tsJ
gpd;du;

mUshsg;ngUkhs; NfhapYf;Ff; nfhLf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W Mtzk; vOjpAs;shs;.

,jidf;fy;ntl;L
khjhTk;

Nrl;lY}ug;

gpuhjhf;fSq;$l

ngk;khd;

vd;

kfs;

NguUshsd;

Mguzj;ij

nfhw;wpNad;

mopj;Jf;nfhz;l

vd;

nghd;Df; Fr;

nrythfj; je;j vq;fs; fOtypUE}w;wpy; fpof;filahd Fop E}Wk; dhDs;s


jidAkEktpj;J

gpd;G

FLj;NjhNky;

mUshsg;ngUkhSf;Ff;

vd;W

Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ.7
fy;ntl;by;

Njtubahs;

jpUtpilr;Ruehju;
fy;ntl;L>

nfhil

Nfhapy;

mk;kd;

jpUtpilr;RuKilahu;

ek;gpaho;tpahd
,iwtpiaAk;

Qhdrk;ge;j
gj;kgPlk;>

jpUtb#yk;

re;epjp

Nfhapy;

khzpf;fk;
myq;fhu

QhdGuPRtuu;

vd;w

Nkw;Fg; Gwk;

cs;s

nry;tg;gps;is

kfs;

Eiothapy;
Njtubahs;

vd;gts;

gPlk;

,f;Nfhapy;

nra;tpj;J

,iwtidAk;

topgl

nra;jijj;

njw;Fr;

RtupYs;s

njuptpf;fpwJ.8
fy;ntl;by;

MLfs;

tpf;fpukNrhodpd;

nfhil

9-MtJ

,f;Nfhapy;

Ml;rpahz;L

ghiw

fy;ntl;L>

ntz;Fd;wf;Nfhl;lj;J

ty;yehl;L rpw;wh%iur; Nru;e;j jpUkhu;tplq;nfhz;lhuhd myq;fhuty;yp vd;gtu;


mUshsg;ngUkhs;

Nfhapypy;

nfhilaspj;Js;shs;

jpUEe;jh

tpsf;F

Fwpf;fpwJ.9

vd;gijf;

xd;W

vupf;f

96

,f;NfhapypYs;s

MLfs;
%d;whk;

,uhruhrdpd; 11-MtJ Ml;rpahz;L fy;ntl;L> g+j;Njaehaf;fd; kfs; khryNjtp


vd;gts;

jpUmj;jpa+u;

Mo;thu;f;F

jhdkspj;Js;shs;.

,e;j

jpUf;Fj;Jtpsf;F

xd;Wk;

ee;jh

miu

jpUee;jhtpsf;F

tpsf;fpw;fhf

120

nfhilaspj;Js;shs;.

gyk;

vupf;f
nfhz;l

,jw;fhd

48

MLfs;

,uz;lLf;F

flikia

Vw;Wf;

nfhz;ltu; ,t;t+u; kd;whbfspy; (,ilau;) xUtuhd jpUthyp nre;jhkiuf;


fz;zd; kw;Wk; nry;tehd $j;jDk; vd;Wf; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 10
fy;ntl;Lfspy; khLfs; nfhil : %d;whk; ,uhruhrdpd; 10 MtJ Ml;rpahz;L
fy;ntl;L> fz;lNfhghyu; murpfspy; xUtuhd nfj;jkyNjtpahu; raq;nfhz;l
Nrhokz;lyj;J vapy;f;Nfhl;lj;J efuk; fhQ;rpGuj;J jpUtj;jpa+upy; epd;wUspd

mUshsg;ngUkhSf;F

tpsf;nfhd;W

vupf;f

33

gRf;fSk;>

jpUf;Fj;J

tpsf;nfhd;Wk; jhdkspj;Js;shs; vd;w nra;jpapidf; Fwpf;fpwJ.11 ,k;kd;ddpd;


21-MtJ

Ml;rpahz;L

,f;Nfhapy;

mk;kd;

mUshsg;ngUkhs;

ngupa

gpuhl;bahu;f;Fj; jpUee;jh tpsf;nfhd;W vupf;f ghw;gRg;gj;Jk;> rpidg;gRg;gj;Jk;>


fhiskhL

xd;Wk;

kw;Wk;

gd;dpuz;L

,sk;

gRf;fSk;

eLtpy;

kz;lyj;J

jpUKidg;ghb ehl;L Njiwa+u; cilahu; rptd; ngUNjtp kfs; njhz;lfehr;rp


vd;gts; jhdkspj;Js;sij ,f;fy;ntl;L %yk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ. 12 kd;ddpd; 22MtJ Ml;rpahz;L> kiykz;lyj;J ts;Stehl;L KuNzhj;jkq;fyj;Jr; rhj;jd;
nrk;khnrl;bahu; kw;Wk; ,tuJ kfs;fs; Nru;e;J ,f;Nfhapy; Mo;thu;f;F ,uz;L
jpUee;jhtpsf;F

vupf;f

66

khLfs;

jhdkspj;Js;sdu;

vd;W

,f;fy;ntl;Lj;

njuptpf;fpd;wJ.13 kd;ddpd; 23 MtJ Ml;rpahz;L kw;nwhU fy;ntl;L> thjt+u;


vDk;

Ciur;Nru;e;j

,g;ngUkhSf;F

fpU\;zgl;ld;

itj;j

miu

kidtp

jpUtj;jpa+w;

jpUee;jhtpsf;Ffhfg;

nfhw;wp

gjpndl;L

vd;gts;
khLfisj;

jhdkspj;Js;shs; vd;Wj; njuptpf;fpd;wJ.14


,g;ngUkhs;Nfhapy; ghiw jpUr;Rw;Wkhspif njw;Fg;Gwk; cs;s njYq;Fr; Nrhou;
tpirafz;lNfhghydpd;
jpUtj;jpa+u; nfhw;wp

14-MtJ

Ml;rpahz;L>

jpUtha;g;ghb

vd;gts; jpUtj;jpa+u; epd;wUspd

Ciur;Nru;e;j

mUshsg;ngUkhSf;Fj;

jpUee;jhtpsf;nfhd;W vupf;f Kg;gj;jp %d;W gRf;fSk;> xU fhis khLk; ,t;t+u;


jpUee;jhtpsf;Ff; Fbkf;fsplk; xg;gilj;Js;shs;. ,tu;fs; ,k;khLfisg; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;L

jpdKk;

nea;

cof;Fk;>

japuKJ

ehopAk;

mspf;f

rk;kjk;

njuptpj;Js;sdu; vd;W ,f;fy;ntl;L %yk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ. 15 ,e;j njYq;Fr;


Nrhoupd; 24 MtJ Ml;rpahz;L> kd;dd; fz;lNfhghyu; muz;kid me;jGuj;jpy;
gzpg;GupAk;

ngz;fspy;

tq;fk;ik

vd;gtspd;

kfs;

ngUkhzhr;rp

vd;gts;

,f;Nfhapy; ngUkhSf;F jpUee;jh tpsf;nfhd;W vupf;f 33 gRkhLfisj; jhdkhf


mspj;Js;shs; vd;gij ,f;fy;ntl;Lf; Fwpf;fpwJ.16

fy;ntl;by; fhR nfhil : goida+u; khfhNsRtuu; Nfhapy; mu;j;jkz;lg tlf;Ff;


FKjk;

[fjpapy;

cs;s

nraq;nfhz;lNrho

,uz;lhk;

,uhrhjpuhrdpd;

kz;lyj;Jf;

kJuhe;jfr;rJu;Ntjpkq;fyj;J

fsj;J}u;

tlgplhif

11-MtJ

Ml;rpahz;L>

Nfhl;lj;Jj;

goida+Uilahu;

jdpa+u;

jpUkhfhsKilahu;

Nfhapypy; xU re;jp tpsf;nfupg;gjw;fhfr; re;jpunksypgl;ld; kidtp mspj;j 4


goq;fhRfisg;

ngw;Wf;nfhz;l

,f;Nfhapy;

rptgpuhkzu;fshd

ghuj;thrp

mf;fhspgl;ld;> fz;brptgl;ld; kfd; jpUNtfk;gl;ld;> nghd;dk;gyf; $j;jgl;ld;


kfd; jpUr;rpw;wk;gygl;ld; MfpNahu; tpsf;nfupf;f xg;Gf;nfhz;lijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ
fy;ntl;L.17

,f;Nfhapy;

[fjpg;gilapy;

Nrudg;gdQ;Nrup

cs;s

%d;whk;

nrq;fhl;Lf;Nfhl;lj;Jf;
mkz;ghf;fpohd;

Nfhdhjp

tPkPRtuu;Nfhapy;

FNyhj;Jq;fdpd;
ehl;L

nre;jhkiuf;fz;zd;

cwj;J}uhd
mfKilahs;

Nkw;F

4-MtJ
fypq;f

mjpl;lhd
Ml;rpahz;L>

Fyfhyey;Y}u;

fz;zdho;thu;

vd;g tu;

ngUtQ;#uhd uhNre;jpuNrhoey;Y}u; gPkPRtuu; Nfhapypy; re;jp tpsf;nfhd;W itf;f


ehd;F

goq;fhRfisj;

jhdkhf

mspj;Js;shu;.

fq;fhjugl;ld; fhrpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L

tpsf;nfupf;fr;

Nts;sj;jhq;fpdhdhd
rk;kjpj;J

rpyhNyif

(fy;ntl;L) ntl;bajhff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.18 ,f;NfhapypYs;s %d;whk; ,uhruhrdpd;


7

MtJ

Ml;rpahz;L>

ntspkhey;Y}u;

ehl;Lg;

Nfhapypy;

re;jp

xU

nraq;nfhz;lNrhokz;lyj;J
ngUtQ;RupYs;s

tpsf;F

vupg;gjw;F

Cw;Wf;fhl;Lf;Nfhl;lj;J

MSilahu;

tPkPRtuKila

ehadhu;

gps;isahu;

ePyfq;fiuau;

mfk;gbg;

ngz;Lfspy; cikaho;tp kfs; rptNyhfKilahs; vd;gtu; nfhilaspj;j ehY


goq;fhRfis
ghuj;thrp

,f;Nfhapy;

fk;ggl;ld;

Kg;gj;J

kfd;fspy;

tl;lj;J

xUtuhd

rptgpuhkzu;fspy;
cilahdhd

fhzpAila

gd;khNfRtugl;ld;

vd;gtu; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L tpsf;nfupf;f xg;Gf;nfhz;lijf; $Wfpd;wJ. 19 fhQ;rpGuk;


mUshsg;ngUkhs; Nfhapy; ghiw fpof;Fr; RtupYs;s gpw;fhyg; gy;ytu; ,uz;lhk;
Nfhg;ngUQ;rpq;fdpd; 20 MtJ Ml;rpahz;L> ney;Y}upy; trpf;Fk; md;dy; Njtd;
vd;gtdpd; ikj;Jdp nry;tf;fd; vd;gts; ,f;Nfhapy; ngUkhSf;Fj; jpUee;jh
tpsf;nfhd;W

vupf;f

15

ney;Y}u;

khilfisf;

(Kd;dhspy;

toq;fpa

nghd;

ehzak;)

Nfhapy;

gz;lhuj;jpy;

(gzf;FOtplk;)

xg;gilj;Js;shs;.

,e;j

khilfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;l Nfhapy; jhdj;jhu; tpsf;nfupf;f rk;kjpj;Js;sdu;


vd;w nra;jp ,f;fy;ntl;by; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.20

fy;ntl;by; J}k;G (tha;f;fhy;) : fsj;J}u; vd;w Cu; kJuhe;jfk; tl;lk;; fhQ;rpGuk;


khtl;lj;jpy;

cs;sJ.

fsj;J}u;

njhlf;fg;gs;sp

mUNf

xU

tPl;bypUe;J

ngwg;gl;Ls;s gyiff;fy;ntl;L> nfhq;fiuau; fs;sg;ngUkhdhu; vd;Dk; FWepyj;


jiytdpd;

kidtp

nfhq;fr;rpahu;

vd;gtu;

fsj;J}u;

Vupapy;

xU

J}k;G

(tha;f;fhy;) mikj;Jf; nfhLj;jijf; Fwpf;fpwJ.21


fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; tuyhw;Wr; rpwg;Gf;Fupa fy;ntl;Lfis Myaq;fspy;
nfhz;Ls;sJ
vLj;jpak;Gk;

rpwg;G.

,f;Nfhapy;

fy;ntl;Lfs;

gutyhf

fy;ntl;Lfspy;
rpytw;iw

ngz;fspd;

kl;LNk

rpwg;gpid

fhzf;fpilf;fpd;wd.

fpilj;jtw;wpy; ngz;fspd; gq;fpidg;gw;wp rpwg;ghf tptupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.


ngz;fs;
r%fj;jpd;

fhye;njhl;L

ngz;fis

cau;

r%fj;jpy;

tpku;rpf;fpd;wd

rhd;Wfs;.

mbikg;gl;bUe;jhYk;
MSk;

r%fj;Jg;

gy

ngz;fs;

Mz;fSf;F epfuhf mjpfhuk; ngw;Ws;sdu; vd;gjw;F fy;ntl;Lfs; rhd;Ws;sJ.


Esk;gkhNjtpahu; toq;fpa fhy;eilf; nfhil jq;fspd; r%fk; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jiof;f

Ntz;b

ngw;wpUe;jijAk;

nra;jijj;
murFy

njuptpf;fpwJ.

ngz;

vd;gijAk;

kl;Lkpd;wp

,ts;

mwpaKbfpwJ.

epyTupik

fk;gNjtp

vd;w

murFy ngz; toq;fpa 80 Ntyp epyk; jd; ngaupy; fk;gNjtpey;Y}u; vd;W


ngaupl;lijAk; mwpaKbfpwJ. nja;t gf;jp kpFjpahYk; jdJ FLk;gk; jiof;f
Ntz;bAk; jdJ Mguzj;ij tpw;W nfhilaspj;jJ ngz;fSf;F jdp cupik
vLf;Fk;

mjpfhuk;

toq;fg;gl;lijf;

fhl;LfpwJ.

,jid

NguUshsd;

nfhw;wp

vd;gts; nra;jjhfr; rhd;Ws;sJ. Mlw; ngz;fs; vd;gtu;fs; gz;ilafhyj;jpy;


muz;kid

thrj;NjhL

fhyk;

fle;jdu;.

gpd;du;

jdJ

Mltu;fisj;

Nju;T

nra;Ak; mjpfhuKk; ngw;wdu;. ,j;jifag; ngz;fs; jpUf;NfhapfspYk; ,iwg;gzp

nra;tij jq;fs; tho;ehs; ,yl;rpakhff; nfhz;L> mtu;fspd; tUthapy; ngUk;


gq;fpidf; Nfhapy; topghL Kjypatw;wpw;fhfNt nrytpl;ldu; vd;gijf; fy;ntl;L
thapyhf mwpa Kbfpd;wd. Nrhou; rKjhaj;jpy; Njtubahu;fs; kjpg;ghd ,lk;
ngw;wpUe;jdu;

vd;gijf;

fy;ntl;Lfs;

gy

tpsf;Ffpd;wd.

cjhuzkhf

Njtubahu; Qhdrk;ge;j khzpf;fk; vd;gts; ,iwtd; ,iwtpf;F gj;kgPlKk;>


myq;fhu gPlKk; nra;tpj;jij mUshsg;ngUkhs; Nfhapy; fy;ntl;nlhd;W %yk;
mwpa KbfpwJ. rpyg;ngz;fs; Fj;Jtpsf;F jhdk;> ML> khLfs; nfhilAk;
nra;Js;sdu;. murdpd; gpwe;j ehl;fspy; tpohTk; vLj;Js;sdu;. ehzaq;fisAk;
nfhilahf ,g;ngz;fs; nra;jjpypUe;J murg; ngz;fs; njhlq;fp Njtubahu;
ngz;fs;

tiuapy;

nfhilfisg;

nrhj;J

gw;wpAk;

cupikAk;

mwpa

cau;e;j

,f;Nfhapy;

r%f

,lj;jpypUe;J

fy;ntl;Lfs;

Jiz

nra;j

epw;fpd;wd.

vj;jifa #o;epiyapy; ngz;fs; tsu;r;rpg; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; md;W Kjy; ,d;W


tiuapy;

rk;gpujhakhf

vjpu;fhyj;jpy;

,e;;epiy

ngwNtz;Lk;

vd;w

top

elj;jg;gLfpd;wdu;

khwNtz;Lk;

#o;epiy

vd;gjpy;

Mz;fSf;F

,f;Nfhapy;

Iakpy;iy.

,izahd

fy;ntl;Lr;

Mdhy;

KO

rhd;Wfs;

Rje;jpuk;
thapyhf

njupag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,JNghd;W gy mwpa rhd;Wfis fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lf;


Nfhapy;fs;

nfhz;Ls;sd

vd;gjpy;

Iakpy;iy.

NkYk;

gy

Ma;Tfis

Nkw;nfhs;tjpd; %yk; ,k;khtl;lj;jpd; ngUikia ntspf;nfhzu KbAk;.

mbf;Fwpg;Gfs;:

1. f.Foe;ijNtyd;> fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lf; fy;ntl;Lfs; njhFjp I> 2006.


2. ,uh.rpthde;jk;> fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lf; fy;ntl;Lfs; njhFjp II> 2011 g.ii
3. f.M.m.1919.vz;.519.
4. f.M.m.1921.vz;.45.
5. Vgpfpuhgpfh ,z;bfh-njh.31.vz;.16.
6. Nj.,.fy;.njh.IV.fy;.vz;:859.
7. f.M.m.1919 vz;.431.
8. f.M.m.1932-33.vz;.16.
9. f.M.m.1919.vz;.436.
10. NkyJ>vz;.349.
11. NkyJ>vz;.514.
12. NkyJ>vz;.605.
13. NkyJ>vz;.399.
14. NkyJ>vz;.388.
15. f.M.m.1919 vz;.539.
16. NkyJ>vz;.570.
17. jkpo;ehL muR njhy;ypay; Jiwahy; 1991 ,y; goida+upy; gbnaLf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;L vz;.5.
18. jkpo;ehL muR njhy;ypay; Jiwahy; 1998 ,y; nrug;gdQ;Nrupapy;; gbnaLf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;L vz;.8.
19. jkpo;ehL muR njhy;ypay; Jiwahy; 1998 ,y; nrug;gdQ;Nrupapy; gbnaLf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;L vz;.5.
20. Nj.,.fy;.njh.

XII

fy;.vz;:218.

21. jkpo;ehL muR njhy;ypay; Jiwahy; 1999 ,y; fsj;J}upy; gbnaLf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;L vz;.1.

You might also like