PRINCIPLE OF

GENERATOR

D.C and A.C

CURRENT

D.C

BATTERY
+
CURRENT

TIME
CURRENT

A.C

single-phase

TIME

U(R) V(S) W(T)

three-phase

OUTLET

A.C EFFECTIVE VALUE

VOLTAGE
peak value
effective value

TIME

effective value (V) =

=
=

peak value (V)

2
1411.41
100 (V)

2=1.41

FREQUENCY
A.C

TIME

1 cycle

50Hz = 1cycle50sec
60Hz = 1cycle60sec

FREQUENCY JAPAN

OSAKA
TOKYO

ELECTRIC SHOCK

Before working,
electric circuit OFF !

100mA(0.1A)3sec
1000mA(1A)0.03sec

PRINCIPLE OF GENERATION

coil

flux

lamp

moving

iron

PRINCIPLE OF
ELECTROMAGNET

ELECTRIC WIRE
IRON

BATTERY(D.C)

A. C. GENERATOR OUTLINE

COMPOSITION OF GENERATOR
GENERATOR PARTS
ROTOR PART

STATOR PART

SHAFT
BALL BEARING
ROTATING RECTIFIER
ARMATURE CORE
FOR EXCITER
ARMATURE COIL
FOR EXCITER
ROTOR CORE
ROTOR COIL
FAN
COUPLING PLATE

FIELD CORE FOR EXCITER

FIELD COIL FOR EXCITER
STATOR CORE
STATOR COIL
FRAME
END BRACKET

SELF EXCITER PART

AUTOMATIC
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
(HAND TRIMMER)

COMPOSITION PARTS OF GENERATORROTOR

COMPOSITION PARTS OF GENERATORSTATOR

SECTIONAL DRAWING OF GENERATOR

FIELD COIL FOR
EXCITER

FIELD CORE FOR STATOR COIL

EXCITER

FRAME

COUPLING
PLATE

END BRACKET
STATOR CORE
ARMATURE COIL
FOR EXCITER
ROTOR CORE

SHAFT
BALL BEARING
ROTOR COIL

ROTATING
RECTIFIER

FAN

ARMATURE CORE FOR

EXCITER

COIL & MAGNET N/S POLE ON

THE SECTION OF GENERATOR

FIELD

ARMATURE
COIL
ARMATURE

COIL

CORE
MAGNETIC

FIELD
CORE

FLUX

Section

FUNCTIONS OF EACH PART OF GENERATOR

STATOR
STATOR FRAME
STATOR CORE
STATOR WINDING

OUTER CASE

SILICON STEEL
PLATES

ELECTRIC
WIRES

SUPPLY ELECTRICITY THROUGH LEAD WIRES

ROTOR
ROTOR CORE

ROTOR WINDING

RECEIVE DC CURRENT AND PRODUCE MAGNETIC FIELD

STATOR WINDINGS CUT MAGNETIC FLUX TO PRODUCE ELECTLICITY

AC EXCITER
SUPPLYING EXCITATION CURRENT TO ROTOR

ROTATING RECTIFIER
CHANGE AC EXCITATION CURRENT TO DC

DC EXCITATION CURRENT TO ROTOR

VENTILATION FAN
ELECTRIC CURRENT INSIDE GENERATOR

HEAT UP

COOLING FAN

SELF EXCITER PARTS

AVR

HT

AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR

EXTERNAL VOLTAGE ADJUSTER

SELF EXCITER PARTS

NAME PLATE

KNOB

LOCATION
AVR

HT

Electric power

LOAD

SYSTEM FLOW OF GENERATOR

LOAD

AVR
D.C

SENSING

A.C

POWER

A.C

FIELD
FOR EXCITER
FLUX

ARMATURE
FOR EXCITER

OUT PUT
A.C

ARMATURE
A.C

D.C

ROTATING
RECTIFIER

EXCITER PART

FLUX

ROTOR

MAIN PART
GENERATOR

INSULATION CLASS OF MATERIAL -1

Maximum temperature () .

Class

A
E
B
F
H
105 120 130 155 180 ()

Example:class F )

details
spare 10()

()

155
145

40
0

rise T=105()
ambient 40()

INSULATION CLASS OF MATERIAL -2

Maximum permissible temperature rise()
based on an ambient temperature of 40.

Class
T() =

60

75

80 105 125

USEFUL ELECTRICAL TERMS

VA

-the products of volt times amperes

kVA

-1000 Volt Amperes (VA)

kW

-unit of electric power (active power), equal to 1000 watts

Phase

-The windings of an AC generator. In a three-phase generator, there are

three kind of windings with their voltages 120 degrees out of phase.
Efficiency -the ratio between electrical output divided by the mechanical input,
expressed as a percentage of
Efficiency (%) =

kW output
HP input / 0.746

100

Speed Poles
Frequency (Hz) =

Poles =

120

Frequency 120
Speed

1HP=0.746kW

Frequency 120
,

Speed (min-1) =

Poles

uestion -1
Number of poles : 4
GEN output

Hz
1500min-1

Frequency (Hz) =

Speed(min-1) Poles
120

= 15004120
= 50 (Hz)

uestion -2

ENG output

kW
ENG

GEN output

GEN

100kW

GEN efficiency 90%

GEN output (kW)
ENG output (kW) =
GEN efficiency
(=GEN input)
= 1000.9
= 111 (kW)

Volt Amperes
kVA

-In single-phase systems kVA =

In three-phase systems

kVA =

Power Factor

1000
3 volt Amperes
1000

-The ratio of active power (watts or kilowatts) used in a circuit

to the apparent power delivered to the circuit.
ACTIVE POWER (kW)
POWER FACTOR (P.F) =
APPARENT POWER (kVA)

kW = kVA P.F

3 = 1.732

PRINCIPLE OF
GENERATOR

THE END
Thank you