Bi 3: nh dng i tng ha v chnh sa vt th

1. nh dng i tng ha
i tng ha khi c th hin trn bn ngoi nhng quy c chung (trong nhng
trng hp bt buc theo t chc, c quan) thng c ngha v dng ring ca ngi xy
dng. Chnh v vy, chng ta c th nh dng cc i tng ha theo yu cu cng vic mt
cch thch hp. Khi chnh sa, nh dng vt th th lp bn cha vt th hay i tng
ha phi c nh du chnh sa. chn ch chnh sa cho mt lp bn , t menu
chnh chn Map > Layer Control, hp thoi Layer Control m ra, nh du vo ct chnh sa
cho lp mun chnh sa.
a. nh dng im
im trong MapInfo theo mc nh l biu tng ngi sao mu en, c 12 point. Mun i
kiu ca im, cch lm nh sau:
- T menu chnh chn Options > Symbol Style hay chn nhanh bng cch nhp chut chn
nt nh dng biu tng trn thanh cng c Drawing (nu mun nh dng li nhiu im mt
lc ta chn mt im ri gi phm <Shift> chn thm im). Hp thoi Symbol Style m ra:

Hp thoi ny gm cc ni dung sau:

+ Font: Chn Font cha biu tng thch hp, bn phi Font l iu chnh kch thc
biu tng.
+ Symbol: Chn biu tng thch hp.
+ Color: Chn mu cho biu tng.
+ Rotation Angle: Quay biu tng theo gi tr np vo ny (tnh theo - deg).

+ Background: C 3 tu chn l None - khng c nn cho biu tng; Halo - quanh biu
tng c vin trng v Border - to ng vin en quanh biu tng.
+ Effects: C 2 tu chn l Drop Shadow - to bng cho biu tng v Bold - biu
tng c mu m hn.
+ Sample: Hin th trc biu tng khi iu chnh.
- Sau khi chn cc nh dng trong hp thoi trn, chn OK.
b. nh dng ng
- Chn Options > Line Style, chn nhanh bng cch nhp chut ln nt Line Style trn thanh
cng c Drawing. Hp thoi Line Style m ra.

Hp thoi ny bao gm cc ni dung sau:

+ Style: Chn kiu ng.
+ Color: Chn mu cho ng.
+ Width: Ch nh dy ca ng. Pixels: tnh dy ng theo im nh c gi tr
t 1 n 7; Points: tnh dy ng theo point c gi tr t 0.2 n 6.
+ Sample: Xem mu ng khi iu chnh.
- Thit lp tu chn xong chn OK.
c. nh dng vng
- Chn Options> Region Style. Hp thoi ny gm cc ni dung sau:
- Fill: T mu cho vng, gm cc ni dung chn sau:
Pattern: Kiu t mu, N l khng mu (chn N th phn Foreground m i).
Foreground: Chn mu t.

Background: Mc nh tu chn ny tt i (tc khng hin mu nn di). nh du

ny cho php nh dng mu nn cho i tng vng. Nu c bt ln th tu chn mc nh
trong ny l N (khng mu).

- Border: nh dng ng vin cho vng, phn ny tng t nh dng ng.

- Sample: Cho php xem trc nh dng khi iu chnh.
- Thit lp cc tu chn xong chn OK.
d. nh dng k t
- Chn Options >Text Style. Hp thoi Text Style m ra, gm cc ni dung sau:

+ Font: Chn kiu ch, bn cnh l cho php chn c ch.

+ Text Color: Chn mu ca ch.

+ Background: Chn mu nn cho ch, None l khng mu; Halo l v mt vin trng
xung quanh i tng k t; Box l v mt khung ch nht quanh ch. Tu chn Halo v Box
cho php chn mu nn trong Color pha di.
+ Effects: nh dng cc hiu ng khc nhau cho ch: Bold (ch m), Underline (gch
di), Shadow ( bng), Italic (ch nghing), All Caps (vit hoa ton b) v Expanded (ko
dn ch ra).
Hp thoi trn ch dng nh dng kiu ch cho i tng k t. Nu ta chn i tng
k t ri t menu chnh chn Edit > Get Info (hay chn nhanh bng cch nhp chut p) th
hp thoi Text Object m ra. Hp thoi ny c cc tu chn sau:

+ Text hin th ni dung ca i tng k t ang c chn. Ta c th xo hay chnh li ni

dung trong ny.
+ Nt Style m hp thoi Text Style chnh kiu ch.
+ Hai Start X v Y: Cho bit to ca k t u tin ca i tng k t. Nu thay i gi
tr trong hai ny th i tng k t s di chuyn v tr trn bn .
+ Line Spacing: Cho php chnh kiu dng ca i tng k t, Single l dng n (tu
chn mc nh), 1.5 l ch mt dng ri v Double l ch cch dng i.
+ Justification: C 3 tu chn l Left - cn l bn tri, Center - cn l chnh gia v Right - cn
l bn phi.
+ Label Line: C 3 tu chn:

No Line - khng c ng ch;

Simple Line - ng ch n.
Arrow Line - ng ch c mi tn.

+ Rotation Angle: Quay i tng k t bng cch np gi tr vo ny. Chiu dng

l ngc chiu kim ng h.
2. Chnh sa vt th
Trong qu trnh s ha, ta c th v sai hoc sau khi hon thnh bn ta mun thc hin
cc thay i. MapInfo c mt tp hp cc lnh cho php ta chnh sa cc vt th trn bn . Cc
lnh ny nm trong menu Objects.
Khi chnh sa vt th th lp bn cha vt th phi c nh du chnh sa.
chn ch chnh sa cho mt lp bn , t menu chnh chn Map > Layer Control, hp thoi
Layer Control m ra, nh du vo ct chnh sa

cho lp mun chnh sa. Trong bi tp

ny chng ta s s dng bn hnh chnh Vit Nam thc hnh.

a. Chnh sa vt th n l
Di chuyn vt th: cc vt th u c th c di chuyn. Khi lp bn no ang ch
chnh sa, ta s dng cng c chn
v nhp chut ln vt th, gi nt chut tri v r
chut th ta c th di chuyn vt th . Mun di chuyn nhiu vt th, ta gi phm <Shift> c
th nhp chut chn nhiu vt th mt lc. Gi nt chut tri trn mt trong nhng vt th c
chn v r chut th cc vt th c chn u di chuyn. Ta khng th chn ng thi hai hay
nhiu vt th cc lp khc nhau.
im
Vt th im khng c hnh dng, kch thc m ch c v tr nn ch c mt chnh sa l thay
i v tr bng cch di chuyn nh trnh by trn.
ng v vng
ng c chiu di v hnh dng nn ta c th thay i hnh dng ca ng. Cch lm:
s dng cng c chn chn, ng c chn bng cch b nh du, ng thi c bn
hnh vung mu en nm xung quanh gii hn ranh gii ca ng , gc di bn phi c mt
chm vung na, l tay cm. Gi nt chut tri trn mt trong 4 nt hnh vung mu en
ny v r chut th ta c th lm thay i ng (co gin ng). Gi chut tri trn tay cm v
r chut th ta c th quay ng . Hnh dng ng c iu chnh bng nt lnh Reshape
(chnh hnh dng). Cch lm nh sau:
- Dng cng c chn nhp chut chn mt ng trn ca s bn .
- Nhp chut vo nt Reshape

. Cc nt ca ng ang c chn hin ln.

- Nhp chut vo mt nt ri r chut th ta c th di chuyn v tr nt v do vy thay

i hnh dng ca ng. chn nhiu nt gi phm <Shift> v cng c th di chuyn nhiu
nt mt lc. Ta c th s dng nt cng c thm nt Add Node
thm mt nt bng cch
nhp chut chn nt ny ri nhp chut ln v tr mun thm nt trn ng ang c chnh
sa. Ta c th xo mt nt bng cch nhp chut chn nt ri nhn phm <Delete>.

Vng c gii hn bng mt ng gp khc nn ta cng c th iu chnh hnh dng ca

vng hon ton ging nh cch iu chnh ng.
K t
Khi nhp chut chn mt i tng kiu k t, n s c nh du bng bn im khng
ch mu en cng vi mt tay cm. Khi gi phm chut tri trn i tng k t v r chut
th ta c th di chuyn n. Khi gi phm chut tri trn tay cm th ta c th quay i tng k t
bng cch r chut. Nu mun chnh sa ni dung i tng k t, ta nhp chut p vo n
m hp thoi Text Object ra v chnh sa ni dung trong Text. Lu l ting Vit khng hin
th ng trong Text ny.
b. Chnh sa vt th lin quan n vt th khc
Lnh Combine
Chc nng: Gp hai hay nhiu i tng thnh mt. Cc i tng ny c th ch l i
tng ng hoc i tng vng hoc i tng im hoc va bao gm c i tng ng,
i tng vng v i tng im. Cc i tng ny c gp li tin cho qu trnh tnh

ton din tch (i vi i tng vng), tnh ton chiu di (i tng ng) hay cc php ton
truy vn. Cch thc hin:
- Chn Map > Layer Control v nh du chnh sa cho lp mun thay i.
- Chn cng c chn ri gi phm <Shift> chn hai hay nhiu i tng.
- Chn Objects > Combine.
- Hp thoi Data Aggregation (nhp d liu) m ra: hi ta khi nhp i tng ho th
d liu c gp li nh th no. Ty theo tng trng hp m ta chn phng php gp d liu
cho thch hp i vi tng trng. Ta cng c th nh du chn vo No data nhp i tng
v cc trng ca i tng mi c to thnh khng c d liu g c.
Lnh Combine c tc dng trn hai hay nhiu i tng cng kiu hoc khc kiu. V d
ta c th nhp cc im, ng, vng li thnh mt v x l chng nh mt i tng duy nht.
Lnh Disaggregate
y l lnh ngc li vi Combine. Lnh ny tch cc i tng gp (i tng bao gm
nhiu thnh phn ring l to thnh do lnh Combine) ra thnh cc i tng c lp.
- Chn i tng gp cn tch ri thc hin lnh Objects > Disaggregate. Hp thoi
Disaggregate Objects m ra. Hp thoi ny c hai tu chn:
+ Nu nh du tu chn All Objects th (cc) i tng s b tch ra thnh tng i tng
ring l tch ri nhau.
V d: ta c mt i tng gp bao gm cc vng th khi thc hin lnh Disaggregate
chng s b tch ra thnh tng i tng vng ring l. Trong phn ny ta c th nh du vo
mc Retain Holes in Regions. Nu nh du mc ny th cc vng c l gia s c gi
nguyn l. Nu khng nh du tu chn ny th khi thc hin lnh tch, cc l gia s b i
thnh cc vng.
+ Tu chn Collections Only tch (cc) i tng gp ra thnh cc i tng ring l theo
nhm (collection).
V d: mt i tng gp bao gm nhiu vng, nhiu ng v nhiu im th khi thc
hin lnh tch v chn Collection Only th i tng gp s b tch ra thnh 3 i tng gp
theo kiu ca chng, mt i tng gp bao gm cc vng, mt bao gm cc ng v mt bao
gm cc im.
- Ch nh xong cc tiu chun tch ta chn Next, hp thoi Data Disaggregation (tch d
liu) m ra.

- Ch nh cch tch d liu cho cc trng ri chn OK.

Lnh Split (Ct):
L lnh ct mt hay nhiu i tng bng i tng ct (cutter). Mc tiu s b ct ra lm hai
phn: phn chung vi i tng ct v phn khng chung vi i tng ct. Cch thc hin:
- Chn (cc) i tng cn ct bng cng c chn.
- Chn Objects > Set Target i (cc) i tng chn thnh mc tiu.
- Chn (cc) i tng ct.
- Thc hin lnh Objects > Split.
- Hp thoi Data Disaggregation (tch d liu) hin th, hi ta chn ct d liu nh th
no, chn phng php chia d liu ph hp ri chn OK. (Cc) mc tiu s b ct ra. Ta c
th dng nhiu vng ct mt vng/ng, dng mt vng ct nhiu vng/ng hay nhiu
vng ct nhiu vng/ng.
Lnh Erase (Xo)
Lnh xo i tng tng t lnh Split, nhng phn chung vi (cc) i tng ct s b
xo i. Cch thc hin lnh Erase nh sau:
- Chn (cc) i tng cn ct bng cng c chn.
- Chn Objects > Set Target i (cc) i tng chn thnh mc tiu.
- Chn (cc) i tng ct.
- Thc hin lnh Objects > Erase.
- Hp thoi Data Disaggregation (tch d liu) hin th, hi ta chn xo d liu nh th
no; chn phng php chia d liu ph hp ri chn OK.
Lnh Erase Outside (Xo phn khng chung)
Tng t nh lnh Split nhng phn khng chung vi (cc) i tng ct b xo i.
Trong cc lnh trn, i tng ct ch c th l vng, mc tiu (i tng b ct) c th l
im gp, ng hay vng. i tng im khng th b ct. Lu rng i vi mt bn mi
s ho, cha c phn d liu th vic chn phng php nhp hay tch d liu khng quan trng.
Tuy nhin i vi mt bn np d liu th y l vn rt quan trng.
Lnh Overlay Nodes

y l lnh chng im to thm (cc) nt ti v tr i tng ct chy qua i tng mc

tiu. Nt c to thnh nm trn mc tiu. Lnh ny thng c s dng trong trng hp
mun to cc im giao nhau gia cc vng ct nhau hay cc im giao nhau ca cc ng.
Cch thc hin:
- Thit lp mc tiu cho (cc) i tng cn to nt
- Chn cc i tng giao vi (cc) mc tiu
- Chn Objects > Overlay Nodes.
Lnh Buffer (to vng m)
Buffer thc cht khng phi l lnh chnh sa i tng m n l lnh to ra mt i tng
mi da vo i tng c.
Chc nng: Lnh ny to mt vng m xung quanh i tng c chn vi bn knh
vng m do ta xc nh. Lnh Buffer ny thng ng dng trong cc bi ton tnh ton khong
cch, bi ton kinh t (xc nh bn knh tiu th), bi ton quy hoch...Cch thc hin:
- Chn i tng cn to vng m, gi phm <Shift> chn nhiu i tng, nu mun.
- Chn Objects > Buffer, hp thoi Buffer Objects m ra.
Hp thoi Buffer Objects c cc tu chn sau:
+ Radius:
Value: Xc nh bn knh vng m, gi tr ny c th ly t mt ct d liu trn lp bn .
From Colum: Ct d liu cn ly.
Units: Chn n v tnh bn knh.
+ Smoothness: Xc nh mn ca vng m; mn ny cn c trn hnh trn, gi tr
mc nh l v vng trn bng 12 on.
+ One buffer for all objects: To mt vng m cho tt c cc i tng c chn
+ One buffer for each object: To mi vng m cho mt i tng c chn.
+ Buffer Width Distance Using: Xc nh cch tnh khong cch. Cch tnh ny ph thuc
vo h quy chiu ca lp bn cha cc i tng ang c x l.
Spherical: i vi h to kinh/v.
Cartesian (theo h to Descartes): i vi h to phi qu t.
Lnh Enclose

Lnh ny to ra cc i tng vng t cc ng giao nhau khp kn. Cch lm:

Chn cc ng ct nhau khp kn ri chn Objects > Enclose. Hp thoi Create Regions
Objects From Enclosed Areas m ra. Tu chn Ignore Regions Objects mc nh c bt ln
(khng tnh cc vng c chn). Chn OK.
Lnh Smooth v Unsmooth
- Lnh Smooth: Lnh ny dng bo trn i tng ng bng cch v hai on k nhau
thnh mt ng cong tip tuyn vi gc nh gia chng. V d nh khi ta v mt con sng, mun
cho con sng un o t nhin hn th ta dng lnh ny. Cch lm:
+ Chn ng cn bo trn.
+ Chn Objects > Smooth.
- Lnh Unsmooth: Lnh Unsmooth l lnh ngc li vi lnh Smooth, lnh ny tr ng
c bo trn v tnh trng ban u. Cch lm:
+ Chn i tng c Smooth ri.
+ Chn Objects > Unsmooth. Lnh ny ch thay i hnh dng ca i tng ng, cc
tnh ton a l vn cn c trn i tng gc (khng Smooth).
Lnh Convert to Regions v Convert to Polylines
Convert to Regions (i thnh vng): y l lnh i mt ng thnh mt vng. Cch lm:
- Chn ng cn i.
- Chn Objects > Convert to Regions.
Convert to Polylines (i thnh ng): Lnh ny l lnh ngc li, i mt vng thnh
mt ng. ng to thnh l ng ranh gii bao xung quanh vng c chn. Cch lm:
- Chn vng cn i.
- Chn Objects > Convert to Polylines.
Lnh Check Regions
y l mt lnh rt hiu qu trong vic kim tra li ca cc vng. Lnh ny s nh du
nhng vng chm ln nhau bng cch v mt vng ln vng chung . ng thi n cng nh
du nhng vng b xon, tc l vng t ct n, bng cch chm mt im ln im ct. Cch
thc hin lnh kim tra vng nh sau:
- Chn cc vng mun kim tra li.

- Chn Objects > Check Regions; menu Check Region Objects m ra. Hp thoi ny c 3
tu chn:
+ Self- Intersection Detection: pht hin cc vng t ct v nh du ch t ct bng mt
biu tng.
+ Overlap Detection: pht hin cc vng chm ln nhau v nh du vng chm bng
cch v mt vng t mu ln vng .
+ Gap Detection: pht hin l h gia cc vng nm cnh nhau v nh du bng mt
vng t mu. Ch nh din tch ti a ca vng h cn nh du trong Maximum Gap Area v
chn n v tnh din tch trong Area Units.
Tu trng hp ta c th chn mt, hai hay c ba tu chn trn. Trong ba tu chn ny ta
c th thay i kiu nh du bng 3 nt chn kiu im v vng bn phi cc tu chn ny.
- Ch nh cc tu chn xong chn OK. Cc im/vng nh du to thnh trn lp no
ang ch chnh sa.