EARTHQUAKE/GEMPABUMI

(dan tsunami)

Subagyo Pramumijoyo
Laboratorium Geologi Dinamik, Jurusan Teknik Geologi FT UGM
E-mail: bagyo@ugm.ac.id

PARTS OF OUR GLOBE

Z

SEISMIC WAVES
Hypocentrum

Hypocentrum

Shadow zones

Primary /
Longitudinal wave

Secondary /
Transversal wave

Distribution of EQ Epicentrum
Mb>4, Periode 1961-1967

PLATES BOUNDARIES

Convergent plate boundary

ACTIVE dynamic Factor1.:

2.
3.
4.

Gravitation
Climate
Biologic action
ACTIVE TECTONICS

PASSIVE dynamic Factor : 5.

6.
7.

Lithology
Geologic structure
Position on surface

(Campy & Macaire, 1989)

SOIL FORMATION AND SEDIMENT

TRANSPORTATION

(Campy & Macaire, 1989)

USGS

TYPE OF EQ WAVES

P wave

S wave

R wave

L wave

PRINSIPLE of SEISMOGRAPH

Sumber :
Bumi-Pustaka Alam LIFE
1979

Sumber :
Bumi-Pustaka Alam LIFE, 1979

TYPES OF FAULTS

Normal fault

Reverse fault

Strike-slip fault

Dextral strike-slip fault

Sinistral ss fault

FAULTING AND EQ

Modified Mercalli Scale of Earthquake Intensity

IV Felt indoors during the day by many people. Windows, dishes, and doors rattle,
glassware and crockery clink and clash.
V Felt indoors by nearly everyone. Frightens many, some run outdoors. Some
broken dishes, glassware, and windows. Minor cracking of plaster. Moves small
objects, spill liquids, ring small bells, and sways tall objects.
VI Felt by all, many frightened and run outdoors. Dishes, glassware, and windows
break in considerable quantities. Book and pictures fall. Furniture moves or
overturns. Weak plaster walls and some brick walls crack. Damage is slight.
VII Frightens all, difficult to stand. Damage slight to moderate in well-built
ordinary buildings. Numerous windows and chimneys break. Small landslides
occur. Waves on ponds, water becomes turbid.
VIII Fright is general. Disturbs drivers of automobiles. Heavy furniture overturns.
Damage considerable in ordinary substantial building, partial collapses. Most walls,
chimneys, towers, and monuments fall. Well water levels change. Cracks appear.
IX General panic. Damage considerable in masonry structures. Ground cracks
conspicuously. Underground pipes break. Liquefactions occur in soft sediment areas.

YOGYAKARTA EQ
2006

GEOLOGIC MAP OF
YOGYAKARTA AND
SUROUNDING

GEOLOGICAL MAP OF SOUTHERN YOGYAKARTA

SURFACE WAVE AMPLIFICATION

SURFACE WAVE AMPLIFICATION

Liquefaction

Landslide at Cermai Cave

LANDSLIDE AT SENGIR VILLAGE

TSUNAMI
Shallow EQ at the bottom of sea, lake
Magnitude > 6
Vertical movement

Tsunami hazard map of Indonesia

How tsunami formed?

CIAMIS - CILACAP

Eurasian plate
Indo-Australian plate

TEKNIK GEOLOGI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UGM

CIAMIS - CILACAP

Eurasian plate

Indo-Australian plate

TEKNIK GEOLOGI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UGM

Rising up wave

CIAMIS - CILACAP

Eurasian plate
Indo-Australian plate

TEKNIK GEOLOGI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UGM

Tsunami

CIAMIS - CILACAP

Eurasian plate
Indo-Australian plate

TEKNIK GEOLOGI FAKULTAS TEKNIK UGM

TSUNAMI ACEH
2004

Tsunami wave simulation

10 minutes after main shock

BANDA ACEH
and
Sourounding
Area

Source: Digital Globe

BANDA ACEH City Area

Source: Digital Globe

BANDA ACEH CITY

Source: Digital Globe

BANDA ACEH CITY

Source: Digital Globe

W part of BANDA ACEH City

Source: Digital Globe

W part of BANDA ACEH City

Source: Digital Globe

CAN WE PREDICT EQ ?

Java Earthquake Potential

Jogyakarta earthquake (1867)

On land earthquakes 1600-1921 (Dr. Visser, 1922)

SUMARY OF JAVA EARTHQUAKE 1840 2005

(Newcomb and McCann, 1987)

1994 (Pancer) M 7.4

2007

2007

Next?
2000

MITIGATION AND PREPARDNESS

ANXIETY
TRAUMA..
NEED OF PUBLIC HEALING .

How to survive an earthquake

Stay under strong objects, like desk or cars.
Get down beside a large bulky object.
If you are in bed, roll off it near the bottom of the
bed.
If in a car, get out and lie next to the vehicle.
Never go to stairs.
Dont shelter under the doorway arch.
Wooden building are safer than brick building.

Space and time dimension in natural

phenomena

(John, 1995)

GEOHAZARD
EVENT

PREVENTION &
PREPARDNESS

MITIGATION

RESPONSES

REHABILITATION

LANDSLIDE AT
LEMBAH BALIEM
PAPUA

LEMBAH BALIEM

JEMBER FLOODING
2006