Subject: Structures and Construction II

Part-A
Answer all the questions

1. Define principal rafter, tie member, Purlin and pitch of truss

Principal rafter -A diagonal member of a roof , usually forming part of a truss and
supporting the purlins on which the common rafters rest.
Tie member - Tension members in trusses are called ties and these are members which
are being stretched.
Pitch of Truss - The pitch is the angle the top chord makes with the bottom chord.
2. Draw a neat skeleton for king post, Queen post, Howe triangular type of truss?

HOWE TRUSS

3. Define Intrados, extrados and skew back

Intrados - It is the under surface of an arch
Extrados - A construction line denoting outer limit of the arch. It is used in the setting out
Skewback - A sloping surface against which the end of an arch rests.
4. Narrate the principles of flooring and terracing
Flooring is the general term for a permanent covering of a floor, or for the work of installing
such a floor covering. Floor covering is a term to generically describe any finish material
applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Both terms are used
interchangeably but floor covering refers more to loose-laid materials.
Materials almost always classified as floor covering include carpet, area rugs, and resilient
flooring such as linoleum or vinyl flooring. Materials commonly called flooring
include wood flooring, ceramic tile, stone, terrazzo, and various seamless chemical floor
coatings.

A terrace as an architectural term is an external, raised, open, flat area in either

a landscape such as a park or garden, around a building, or as a roof terrace on a flat roof.