LECTURE 4 in BSD CEP 11E

DETAILED COLUMN & FOOTING

DETAILED OF ROOF FRAMING & ROOF BEAMS
TRUSS DETAILED

A column footing is usually a block of concrete poured in the bottom of a hole so that the
weight placed on the column can be distributed through a larger area. This helps prevent
columns from sinking into the ground over time.

What is footing and column in construction?

Column footing is provided to transfer or distribute the load coming from the superstructure to
the soil below and also to make sure that the intensity of bearing pressure between the
footing and soil is within the permissible limit of the bearing capacity of the soil.

What is footing details of the foundation?

What Is Footing? The bottom part of a foundation is called the footing. Footing in construction
are critical, as the footing distributes the weight of the building evenly across the entire
structure so that it doesn't sink into the ground.

The footing is what's actually in contact with the ground, while the foundation is the structure
that transfers the load to the earth. A simple way to visualize the difference when comparing it
to the human body would be to view the footing as the actual feet of the legs and the
foundation being the legs themselves.
What is the difference between pile footing and foundation?

A foundation is built from concrete, bricks, or other materials. A pile footing is a foundation
built from a pile of stones, wood, or similar material. Pile footing and foundation are two
different types of footings. Pile footing is a foundation usually made from wood and poured
concrete.

How is the column connected to the footing?

In the case of a precast footing, the concrete footing is cast first with a socket of a larger
diameter than the column's diameter and the required embedment length; then, the column is
inserted into the socket, followed by grouting the gap between the column and sides of the
socket.

What is the importance of column and footing?

Column Footing is provided to spread the load over a large area, to ensure that the intensity
of bearing pressure between the footing and soil is within the permissible limit of the bearing
capacity of the soil, and to distribute the column load over soil through the column footing.

What are the materials needed for footing and column and wall footing?

The wall footing can be constructed from stone, brick, plain concrete, or reinforced concrete.
Economical wall footing can be constructed provided that the imposed load needed to be
transmitted are of small magnitude and the underlying soil layer is of dense sand and gravels.

What materials are used for column footing?

Columns are typically constructed from materials such as stone, brick, block, concrete,
timber, steel, and so on, which have good compressive strength.

What are the details of roof framing plan?

A roof framing plan is a scaled layout or a diagram of a proposed roof development, including
the dimensions of the entire structure, measurements, shape, design, and placement of all the
materials, wires, drainage, ventilation, slopes, and more.

What is the main purpose of roof framing?

The purpose of roof framing and lining is to provide structural support and protection. The
frame ranges between the walls of the building and carries the roof covering. Most roof
designs include a slope of a pitch to allow rainwater to run off so that it could be collected and
drained away from the building.

What is roof framing called?

Rafters are the traditional way to frame a roof. This is also known as stick framing, which is
cut and built on the job site by a professional carpenter. Major components of a rafter include
Common rafter.

A roof framing plan focuses on the structures and supports used to construct the roof and is
different from the standard roof plan. A roof framing plan is required in new development
projects in order to determine how the roof will be framed and supporte

What is a roof beam?

A roof beam is the primary load-bearing element in your roof. It provides support to the roof or
floor above, and strengthens your walls, keeping them securely in place to prevent them from
spreading out or leaning in.

What are the benefits of a roof beam?

Beams support the weight of a building's floors, ceilings and roofs and move the load to the
framework of a vertical load bearing element. In order to withstand the combined weight of
stacked walls and transfer the support load, often larger and heavier beams called transfer
beams are used.
What material is used for roof beams?
Common construction materials for roof structures are steel or timber trusses and reinforced
concrete, supported on masonry, concrete, steel or timber columns. Practical and cost
considerations will, however, restrict the range of options that are available.

What is a beam and what is its purpose?

A beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's
axis (an element designed to carry primarily axial load would be a strut or column). Its mode
of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in reaction forces at
the beam's support points.

What are trusses beams?

A beam which is stiffened by a system of braces constituting a truss of which the beam is a
chord is called trussed beam. It consists of steel sections (or wooden beams) and struts of
steel rods. Trussed beams are used when there is great weight to be supported across wide
space without supports from beneath.

What is the difference between trusses and beams?

A truss can be thought of as a beam where the web consists of a series of separate members
instead of a continuous plate. In the truss, the lower horizontal member (the bottom chord)
and the upper horizontal member (the top chord) carry tension and compression, fulfilling the
same function as the flanges of an I-beam.

Why are they called trusses?

Our main clue comes from what Middle English took from the French language to call
it: trusser, which means “to bind, tie, or bundle.” While modern trusses do usually come in
bundles, this term more likely evolved from the purpose of a truss, which is to structurally tie
the walls and roof together.

Why use trusses in roofs?

Trusses do an important job. Trusses are a building invention that helps distribute the weight
of the roof more evenly to the outer walls. Trusses are necessary for a roof to be properly
supported. A truss is triangularly shaped, or comprised of a number of triangles.May 13, 2016

What is a truss in a roof?

A timber roof truss is a structural framework of timbers designed to bridge the space above a
room and to provide support for a roof. Trusses usually occur at regular intervals, linked by
longitudinal timbers such as purlins. The space between each truss is known as a bay.

What are the details of a truss?

A truss is essentially a triangulated system of (usually) straight interconnected structural
elements; it is sometimes also referred to as an open web girder. The individual elements are
connected at nodes; the connections are often assumed to be nominally pinned.

What is the main purpose of using the roof truss?

A roof truss is an alternative to rafters and stick framing. It is used to determine the shape of a
roof or ceiling while also providing support. Trusses are not made together with the rest of the
roof. They are pre-engineered in a factory using lightweight raw materials then transported to
the construction site.

How does a truss work?

A truss is a series of individual members, acting in tension or compression and performing

together as a unit. On truss bridges, a tension member is subject to forces that pull outward at
its ends. Even on a "wooden" truss bridge, these members are often individual metal pieces
such as bars or rods.

How do you read truss details?

The answer is a convention of the truss producing industry. Just remember the
acronym: FIS. This stands for Feet, Inches, Sixteenths. So, for example, a dimension string
that reads; 4-7-12 would be the dimension 4'-7 12/16” or 4'-7 3/4”

Why is truss analysis important?

The main purpose of a structural analysis on a truss is to determine the internal forces of the
members. The member forces are needed for designing the members and joints. To analyze a
truss, two simplifying assumptions can be used.