Foundation Plan is a plan where you can see the foundations of a house in

every location.it is similar to floor plan, but it emphasize the foundation of the
house only. A foundation plan is a sketch of the baseline of the entire
structure. It represents the view of the structure that looks as if it was planned
on a horizontal plane. It is used to show the design and how constructors
anticipate building it.

Basics of Foundation Plans

each and every structure requires a foundation. The primary utility of a
foundation is to provide a level and consistently distribute support to the
structure. 

The foundation should be strong enough to sustain and dispense the load of
the structure and adequately leveled to avert walls from cracking and the
doors and windows from sticking. The other use of foundation is to prevent
cold or warm air and dampness from entering the structure from beneath. The
footing is that part of the structure which allocates the weight of the structure
over a large area. The footing is typically made from concrete so that it can
endure heavy weights.
There are typically two types of foundations: 

o A concrete slab foundation

o A raised foundation made from piers and columns
The roof framing plan is similar to the roof plan but in addition it is also
showing the shape of the structure and the outline of the roof, it also shows the
size and direction of the framing members use to frame the roof. It also shows
every detail and different parts under the roof. In making a roof framing plan, it
must be based at your roof plan so that every details will be on their right position
to support the roof of the house
Wall footing is where you can see the thickness of the wall, its details, and its
parts. Wall footing is a continuous strip of concrete that serves to spread the
weight of a load-bearing wall across an area of soil. It is the component of
shallow foundation. It is important because the walls must be strong enough to
support the house

Column footing is the foundation under a column that spreads the load out to an
area large enough so that the bearing capacity of the soil is not exceeded and
differential setting does not occur.
Truss bridge for a single-track railway, converted to pedestrian use and pipeline sup

In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members
are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". [1] A "two-force
member" is a structural component where force is applied to only two points. Although this rigorous
definition allows the members to have any shape connected in any stable configuration, trusses
typically comprise five or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are
connected at joints referred to as nodes. In this typical context, external forces and reactions to
those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members that are
either tensile or compressive. For straight members, moments (torques) are explicitly excluded
because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolute, as is necessary for the
links to be two-force members.
A planar truss is one where all members and nodes lie within a two dimensional plane, while a space
truss has members and nodes that extend into three dimensions. The top beams in a truss are
called top chords and are typically in compression, the bottom beams are called bottom chords, and
are typically in tension. The interior beams are called webs, and the areas inside the webs are called
panels.[2]

King Post Truss

This particular truss is made out of wood most of the time, but it can also be
built out of a combination of steel and wood. It all comes down to the architect
and the building structure. The King Post Truss spans up to 8m, which makes
it perfect for multiple types of houses, especially the smaller ones.

Pratt Truss

This is one of the most popular steel roof truss types and it is quite
economical. This particular type of truss offers some interesting features
mainly thanks to the fact that the vertical members provide tension, while the
diagonal ones are bringing in compression. It’s important to note that these
trusses can be used for spans that range between 6-10m.

Queen Post Truss

The Queen Post Truss is designed to be a very reliable, simple and versatile
type of roof truss that you can use at any given time. It offers a good span,
around 10m, and it has a simple design which makes it perfect for a wide
range of establishments.

 Howe Truss

This type of truss is a combination of steel and wood, which makes it elegant,
while also offering a very appealing design. Almost everything is made out of
wood; however, the tension members or the vertical members are
manufactured out of steel in order to offer extra support and reliability! One
thing that makes the Howe Truss extraordinary is the fact that it has a very
wide span, as it can cover anything from 6-30m. This makes it versatile and
very useful for a wide range of project types.

Fan Truss

Just like you can see from many roof truss types’ pictures, the Fan Truss comes with a very
simple design and it’s made out of steel. In this particular situation, the trusses form a fink roof
truss. On top of that, the main characteristic here is that the top chords are split into smaller
lengths, as this allows the build to obtain purlin support. Also, you get a medium span with this
type, around 10-15m, which is more than enough for most projects.

North Light Roof Truss

The North Light Roof Truss is suitable for the larger spans that go over 20m and get up to 30m.
This happens because it’s cheaper to add a truss that has a wide, larger set of lattice girders that
include support trusses. This method is one of the oldest, as well as most economical ones that
you can find on the market, as it allows you to bring in proper ventilation. Plus, the roof has
more resistance too because of that.

If you are looking for types of roof trusses design that bring in durability and versatility, this is a
very good one to check out. You can use it for industrial buildings, but this truss also works for
drawing rooms and in general those spaces that are very large.

Quadrangular Roof Trusses

These are used for large spans, and this is why you can encounter then in larger spaces, which
include auditoriums or even railway sheds.

Parallel Chord Roof Truss

These types of trusses are created specifically for those of us that want to engage in a roof
construction without having a large budget to begin with. These are made out of wood and the
best part about using them is that they don’t require any beam or bearing wall. Instead, they opt
for full pieces of wood and thus lower the amount of labor necessary for working with them. It
does require more space in the attic and the span might not be the best, but the price might justify
opting for it if you are on a budget.

Scissor Roof Truss

A Scissor Roof Truss can particularly be found in cathedrals. It doesn’t require beams or bearing
walls, however it doesn’t leave that much space for insulation which makes its energy efficiency
very poor. On the other hand, the upside here is that the ceiling gets vaulted and you receive
more space in the attic.
Raised Heel Roof Truss

This is one of the most efficient types of timber roof trusses, mostly because it brings a very
good room for insulation, but at the same time it also provides you with a very good system for
structural support. It might require some additional materials in order to make it bring the best
results, not to mention that the costs can be a little higher when compared to other truss types,
but it does help you lower the energy bill value, so keep that in mind.

Most roof trusses are easy to customize, but even so, there are so many of them that it all comes
down to you and the home design, because you are bound to like one that suits your needs. A
very good idea is to work with a roof contractor in order to study your home and see which is the
most suitable roof truss for your home.

This way you will have the opportunity to find the highest quality truss that suits your budget
and you will enjoy the results guaranteed. Study the types we presented in this article and then
choose the best one to suit your needs, and you will surely appreciate the results!

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