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Solutions To The 2011 AP Calculus BC, Form B, Free Response Questions
Solutions To The 2011 AP Calculus BC, Form B, Free Response Questions
Problem 1
(a)
According to the model, the height of the water in the can at the end of the 60-day period is
-2
60
60
0
470
3
200
3
cos
9
5
(b)
The average rate of change in the height of water in the can over the 60-day period is given by
60
1
S ' HtL t
60 0
47
18
10
9
cos 5 ,
where we have inserted the value of the integral obtained in part (a).
(c)
The volume V of water in the can at time t is given by VHtL = 100 p SHtL, so V ' HtL = 100 p S ' HtL. Consequently,
V ' H7L = 100 p S ' H7L = 150 p + 200 p sin
21
100
(d)
We have M ' HtL =
1
400
I9 t2 - 60 t + 330M. Using S ' HtL as given, we find that DH0L = M ' H0L - S ' H0L =
2853
40
- 2 sin
9
5
>
2853
40
33
40
3
2
27
= - 40 < 0, while
the Intermediate Value Theorem that there is a time t0 H0, 60L such that DHt0 L = 0, which is to say that M ' Ht0 L = S ' Ht0 L, or the
two rates are the same.
BC2011B_2.nb
Problem 2
(a)
The area of the polar curve r = rHqL corresponding to the interval a q b is given by
1 p
@3 q
2 p2
Out[1]=
q, so we must evaluate
1
In[1]:=
1 b
@rHqLD2
2 a
H3 q + Sin@qDL2 q Expand
p2
-3 +
25 p
8
21 p3
16
This is about
In[2]:=
Out[2]=
N@%D
47.51321518536162
47.51321518536167
(b)
We are to solve the equation r(q) cos q = (3 q + sin q L cos q -3, for q between p/2 and p. To this end, let
f HqL = H3 q + sin qL cos q + 3. We apply Newton's method to solve the equation f HqL = 0. We take q0 = 1.963 ~ 5 p 8 as our
initial approximation.
In[4]:=
Out[4]=
In[5]:=
Out[5]=
In[6]:=
q@n_D := q@n - 1D -
In[7]:=
q@1D
Out[7]=
In[8]:=
Out[8]=
In[9]:=
Out[9]=
f@q@n - 1DD
f '@q@n - 1DD
2.017256072070921
q@2D
2.016923431387579
q@3D
2.016923422074691
To the nearest thousandth, the solution we seek is q = 2.017. The y-coordinate of the point P is then
(3 q + sin q) sin q, or
BC2011B_2.nb
To the nearest thousandth, the solution we seek is q = 2.017. The y-coordinate of the point P is then
(3 q + sin q) sin q, or
In[10]:=
Out[10]=
6.272380054023115
(c)
We have yHqL = rHqL sin q, so that y ' HqL = r ' HqL sin q + rHqL cos q.
In[11]:=
Out[11]=
Sin@qD H3 q + Sin@qDL
y 'B
y
t
pF Expand
3 -p
Out[12]=
But
y
q
q
,
t
and
q
t
y
t
velocity of the particle at the instant in question; it is negative, so the particle is moving downward.
Problem 3
(a)
4
x x + 4 H6 - xL x =
2
3
x32
4
0
+ J6 x -
x2 6
N
2 4
16
3
+2=
22
3
(b)
A cross-section of this solid perpendicular to the y-axis at y = t is a rectangle whose height is 2 t and whose base extends from
the curve x = y2 to the curve x = 6 - y. The area of such a cross-section is therefore 2 t AH6 - tL - t2 E, so the required integral
2
is 2 0 t AH6 - tL - t2 E t.
Note: It is not required to evaluate the integral. However, the curious may wish to know that the volume is
32
.
3
(c)
The slope of the line y = 6 - x is -1, so we seek a point on the curve y =
x-12 = 2, or x =
Problem 4
1
.
4
1
M.
2
1
2
x-12 = 1 when
BC2011B_2.nb
Problem 4
(a)
The average value of f over @0, 5D is
1 5
f HxL x
5 0
= - 5 10 = -2.
(b)
10
We have 0 @3 f HxL + 2D x
10
10
= 3 0 f HxL x + 2 0 x
5
10
10
0
If gHxL = 5 f HtL t, then g ' HxL = f HxL, by the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. But f HxL < 0 for all x H0, 5L, and for all so
g is increasing on @0, 5D. The derivative f ' can change sign only at the critical points x = 3 and x = 8, so from the fact, evident
from the graph and what is given, that f has a minimum at x = 3 and a maximum at x = 8, we see that f ', which is g '', must be
positive on H3, 8L. It follows that g is concave upward on H3, 8L, or, depending upon how upward concavity is defined, possibly
on @3, 8D. It follows that g is both increasing and concave upward on H3, 5D, or, for some definitions of upward concavity, on
@3, 5D.
(d)
20
1 + A f ' I 2 ME t. Taking x =
t
,
2
that x = 10 when t = 20. Consequently, we may replace the integral in the first sentence of this paragraph by
10
1 + @ f ' HxLD2 x =
2 0
2B0
10
1 + @ f ' HxLD2 x + 5
1 + @ f ' HxLD2 xF =
Problem 5
(a)
Ben's acceleration at time t = 5 is approximately @vH10L - vH0LD H10 - 0L = H2.3 - 2.0L 10 = 0.03 meters per second per
second.
(b)
BC2011B_2.nb
(b)
60
The integral 0
60
vHtL t is the integral of Ben's speed. It measures the total distance he has traveled when 0 t 60. We have
vHtL t ~ 2.0 H10 - 0L + 2.3 H40 - 10L + 2.5 H60 - 40L = 139, so the total distance Ben traveled during this minute is
From L2 = 144 + B2 , we find that 2 L L ' = 2 B B ' = 2 B v. Thus, when t = 40, we have 2 L L ' = 2 B v = 2 9 2 = 45. However, when t = 40, we also have L2 = 144 + 81 = 225, or L = 15. Thus, at t = 40, 45 = 2 L L ' = 2 15 L ', or L ' =
3
2
meters
per second.
Problem 6
(a)
We may substitute x3 for x in the Maclaurin series for lnH1 + xL to obtain that for f . The Maclaurin series for f HxL = lnI1 + x3 M
is therefore
x6
2
x3 -
x9
3
x12
4
+ + H-1Ln+1
x3 n
n
+ .
(b)
The series for f must converge in the open interval H-1, 1L because x = 0 is the center of the expansion and the radius of
convergence is given to be 1.
The only real issue is whether or not the series for f converges at the endpoints. When x = 1, the series becomes
1-
1
2
-1 -
+
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
3
- , which is the negative of the divergent harmonic series, and therefore diverges.
The interval of convergence for the Maclaurin series for f is therefore H-1, 1D.
BC2011B_2.nb
(c)
The Maclaurin series for f ' is
3 x2 - 3 x5 + 3 x8 - 3 x11 + + H-1Ln+1 3 x3 n-1 + .
Consequently, the first four nonzero terms of the Maclaurin series for f ' It2 M are
3 t4 - 3 t10 + 3 t16 - 3 t22 .
1
Replacing f ' It2 M with the first two terms of this series in 0 f ' It2 M t gives
1
4
10
0 I3 t - 3 t M t =
3 5
t
5
3 11 1
t 0
11
3
5
3
11
18
.
55
(d)
The Maclaurin series for g begins with the terms
3
5
x5 -
3
11
x11 +
3
17
x17 ,
and we have been given that the series meets the hypotheses of the Alternating Series Test. We used the first two terms above to
approximate gH1L in part (c) above. Hence the error in our approximation is bounded by the magnitude of the third term, which is
3
17
<
3
15
1
5
when x = 1.
2
0 f ' It M t =
1
B2 p
4
3 ln J7 - 4
3 NF ~ 0.430277332343,