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Bonus points! . _F.A.I.R PLAY
omo Ludens
,
.
,
,
,
. enjamin,
,
, homo ludens
.
,
.
,
,
1 .
Abstract
Homo Ludens easily adapts to the changes of social structures and the way they
are expressed in the public space of the city, because he perceives them as the
rules of a large game that can revise anytime.
In the era of modernity, when work and consumption were an important
determinant of workers routine and turned his relationship with the public
passive, artists and theorists suggested the integration of play, as an activator of
imagination and unpredictability. From enjamin, who was trying to cope with
the phantasmagoria of Paris through the playful art of drifting, to Situationists
who saw the city as a field of a large game, the behavior of Homo ludens seemed
the only solution against works ethics for the reestablishment of pleasure in
public space.
Nowadays, as the contradictions of space are intensified by the economic crisis
and the information networks, play is transformed. Through collaborative
practices that take place initially in digital space and then in public, if it avoids
the imposition of external rules within biopolitical production, it will manage to
challenge the entrenched structures and to provoke the emergence of the city as
"eternal work of the inhabitants"2.
,
.
,
.
enri Lefebvre
T ,
.
:
.
Raoul Vaneigem
1.
1.1. Huizinga
1.2. Caillois
1.3. Sutton Smith
2.
2.1.
2.3. H
2.4. enri Lefebvre
2.4.1.
2.4.2.
2.5.
2.5.1._
2.5.2.
2.5.3.
2.5.4._
2.6.
2.6.1.
2.6.2. 68
3. -
3.1.
3.2.
3.2.1.
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.3.
3.3.1.Play VS Game
3.3.2.B_M.M.O
3.3.3.Prosumers_Playbour
3.4.
3.4.1.
3.4.2.
3.4.3.
3.5.
-
_F.A.I.R PLAY
homo ludens (= )
.
. ,
-
. ,
(paidia),
, (
) .3
. ,
,
.
,
-
.
, 20
3
21 .
mo Ludens (1938) . (1989)
O Huizinga,
.
, , Roger
Caillois. O Caillois Les jeux et les hommes (1958) .
(2001) uizinga
, ,
.
: (paidia)
(ludus).
Sutton Smith
.
, The ambiguity of play (1997)
,
,
. , Sutton Smith
, o
.
,
.
,
.
Walter Benjamin,
,
. Arcades Project
19 ,
,
. ,
, flaneur
(=)
.
, ,
, ,
. ,
.
enri Lefebvre, ,
1946
.
, ,
4.
,
.
,
Lefebvre, .
4 .. . 193
.
( Huizinga),
().
, ,
Constant
ew Babylon, .
68
.
De Gaulle .
, 68
Lefebvre enjamin,
,
H .
, 1871
,
, .
,
.
,
. ,
(, ,
..).
,
. ,
.5 , ardt egri,
- -
,
5
Domenico Di Siena [2011], Open Source Urbanisme, Studiomagazine, 01, pp. 124133.
. , ,
,
,
. , ,
6
. ,
.
To
.
, game play
( ). play
, paidia
Caillois, games play
ludus.7
,
. , ,
play
.
.
playbour (play/labour=/),
. ,
6
.[1999], / Internationale
Situationniste, , ,:
. :/, .56
play ,
prosumers
(producers/consumers=/)
.
,
.
,
. ,
,
,
,
. ,
,
.8
,
.
,
,
.
(
Pate Kane), .
,
9. ,
, ,
http://ludicpyjamas.net/wp/?p=307&lang=el
9
The play ethic, an interview with Pate Kane, http://ludicpyjamas.net/wp/?p=373
1.
1.1. Huizinga
, Johan Huizinga (7 1872 1
1945)
. Homo Ludens,
,
,
.
, Huizinga
,
. , omo
Sapiens, mo Faber,
,
omo Ludens, .
(
),
:
,
,
,
.
.
.
.10
( ,
) uizinga ,
:
,
,
,
.11
mo Ludens
20
. ,
. , uizinga Caillois
.
10
Huizinga, Johan [1998], Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-element in Culture, Taylor &
Francis Ltd, .28
1.2. Caillois
Roger Caillois (1913-1978) Les jeux et
les hommes (1958) . (2001)
uizinga,
. H
uizinga
, Caillois
,
12,
.
, Caillois
uizinga.
, , :
1.: ,
,
2.:
,
3.: ,
,
,
,
4. : , ,
,
,
,
12
5. :
,
,
6.:
.13
, Caillois,
,
.
,
, ,
, . (agon, alea, mimicry, ilinx). H
. ,
, .
, 14.
Caillois paidia
, (, ,
) ,
uizinga Homo Ludens,
.
paidia , ludus,
paidia.
()
13
14
.. . 48
.. . 72
.15 , ludus
.
Caillois
paidia ludus,
Sutton Smith .
15
.. . 75
16
1. ,
2. ,
3. ( , ),
,
:
4.,
5. (
),
6. (
7. (, ).17
Sutton Smith
, ,
18
.
, :
,
.
. ,
,
17
Pat
Kane,
Play,
Potentiality
and
the
Constitution
of
the
Net,
http://www.emst.gr/commonwealth/
18
Sutton-Smith, Brian [2001], The Ambiguity of Play, Harvard University Press, New ed.,
.217
,
.19
, Sutton Smith
,
.
, ,
Caillois,
Caillois
. , ,
Sutton Smith
. ,
,
, , . 20
, Sutton Smith
uizinga Caillois
,
.
.
.
19
20
. .231
. .218
2.
2.1.M
Huizinga
Homo Ludens 19
.21 ,
18
.
,
. Richard Sennett
.22
, ,
. ,
Marx
.
,
.
,
, ,
21
, .
,
aussmann 1860-1870
, ,
.
enjamin rcades Project, o
,
le de la Cit, ,
, .23
1864
. ,
,
,
.24
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
, Le Corbusier
23
25
Philippe Simay, Une autre ville pour une autre vie.Henri Lefebvre et les
situationnistes,http://www.philippesimay.com/clients/862/fichiers/userfiles/files/Une%
20autre%20ville%20pour%20une%20autre%20vie.pdf
26
28
, , ,33,.107.
,
,
.
Benjamin ,
,
,
.
.
2.2.1.
,
. Walter Benjamin,
Arcades Project
. , Paul Lafargue,
,
.
,
.
,
,
, .29
,
,
,
. ,
Caillois, ,
29
,
,
.
( ), ,
,
, .
,
.30 ,
,
,
.
.
,
.31
.
,
,
32, ,
.
30
2.2.2.
enjamin, ,
,
(
)
.
,
33,
.
, ,
, , , 34.
, .
,
35,
.
, , Arcades Project
, ,
36 ,
uizinga.
33
34
, , ,33,.119
..
36
Huizinga, Johan [1998], Homo Ludens: A Study of the Play-element in Culture, Taylor &
Francis Ltd, .168
35
37.
,
,
,
38.
.
,
39,
.
37
38
.. . 416, [1,2]
Benjamin 19 .
Charles audelaire.
39
2.3. H
, ,
20 .
(Dada)
( ), .
. 14
1921 ,
Saint-Julien-le Pauvre
.
, ,
,
-40
.
,
.
Benjamin
, .
Saint-Julien-le Pauvre,
, .
40
lachez tout (: )
reton .
, Andr Breton, ,
, Poisson soluble
:
,
, ,
41.
,
42 ,
paidia Caillois.
,
, ,
.
. , , ,
1924 Louis Aragon, Le Paysan de Paris
(. )
,
.
, ,
,
, ,
.
50 43 (Lettrist
International) ,
41
.. .79
.. .80
43
(Lettrism)
40 Isidore sou
. 1952 ,
Guy Debore, Gil Wolman, Michle Bernstein, Mohamed
42
- -
.44
.
,
.
. ,
45. , ,
, (
) Huizinga, Caillois,
.
. 26 1955,
.46
,
44
.. .88
.. .79
46
, , http://www.ntua.gr/
45
.
,
,
.
Philippe Simay, Une autre ville pour une autre vie.Henri Lefebvre et les
situationnistes,http://www.philippesimay.com/clients/862/fichiers/userfiles/files/Une%
20autre%20ville%20pour%20une%20autre%20vie.pdf
48
,
,
.49. ,
,
. , Lefebvre,
.
.
.
, ,
( )50.
,
(
51)
-
, Lefebvre
, () ,
, : 52.
2.4.1.
Lefebvre
,
.
,
Lefebvre
49
.. .127
.. .175
51
.. .176
52
.. .235
50
.
,
, , (
) (
)53. ,
,
: . ,
54
.
-
,
,
.
, Lefebvre
55
(utopian:
)
,
.
.
2.4.2.
H
Lefebvre
.
. Lefebvre
53
.. .167
.. .193
55
.. .196
54
56
.
paidia Caillois,
,
, .
Huizinga,
, ,
.
uizinga
, Lefebvre
. ,
:
,
.57
, Lefebvre
. ,
.
,
.
,
.58
,
.
.
,
56
.. .162
.. .163
58
..
57
59. ,
Lefebvre (
,
..)
.
. , Lefebvre
Utopie exprimentale : Pour un nouvel urbanisme 61,
(
)
, .60 ,
, ,
,
. ,
Lefebvre,
.
,
,
. ,
. 61
59
.. .166
Philippe Simay, Une autre ville pour une autre vie.Henri Lefebvre et les
situationnistes,http://www.philippesimay.com/clients/862/fichiers/userfiles/files/Une%
20autre%20ville%20pour%20une%20autre%20vie.pdf
60
61
2.5.
To 1956
.
(Internationale Situationniste)
,
, : Ralph Rumney
, Michele Bernstein Guy Debord
Asger Jorn, Giuseppe Pinot-Gallizio, Piero Simondo Elena
Verrone .62 Guy
Debord ,
.
.
, 63
.
2.5.1. _
O Formulaire
pour un urbanisme nouveau ( ) 1953
van Chtcheglov, ,
,
,
. Guy Debord
. 1955
Introduction une critique de la gographie urbaine (
)
62
.[1999], / Internationale
Situationniste, , ,:
. :/, .9
63
.. .7
, 1956 Thorie
de la drive ( )
. ,
,
Debord, ,
. ,
.64 Debord
,
,
.
,
.65.
.
,
.66
Debord
,
,
.
Huizinga ,
64
65
.[1999], / Internationale
Situationniste, , ,:
. :/, .84
66
.. .84, 87
.
Debord ,
,
,
.67
. , , ,
,
,
, .
,
: , 68.
.
,
Debord Introduction une critique de la gographie urbaine
69,
. ,
66 metagraphies influentielles 1954.
van Chtcheglov
,
, .
67
.. .89
.. .90
69
.. .42
68
. ,
Guide psychogographique de Paris
( ) Debord
.
,
,
.70 aked
City ( ) Debord,
. ,
,
,
,
. , ,
,
.71
2.5.2.
Constant Nieuwenhuis ,
Cobra72 1957,
70
71
1948 .
, , ,
1.
2.
1. , 2.
. Constant,
, (,
, )
homo faber ( )
. ,
,
. 73
Constant,
, 1958 Debord
.
,
74.
, , ,
.
,
,
.75. ,
. . :
http://www.cobra-museum.nl/en/cobra.html
73
Philippe Simay, Une autre ville pour une autre vie.Henri Lefebvre et les
situationnistes,http://www.philippesimay.com/clients/862/fichiers/userfiles/files/Une%
20autre%20ville%20pour%20une%20autre%20vie.pdf
74
.[1999], / Internationale
Situationniste, , ,:
. :/, .41
75
.. . 112-113
,
.
,
,
. ,
, -, ,
. ,
,
.
.76.K ,
,
Huizinga, Caillois ( )
. (
.)
2.5.3.
O , ,
. ,
.
:
76
.. . 98
.
,
. ,
77.
Caillois
Sutton Smith,
,
,
()
.78.
. Huizinga
79. ,
, 80
.
2.5.5._
(dtournement),
81
.
,
77
.. . 56
..
79
..
80
.. . 57
81
.. . 108
78
.
Rene Vienet
: ,
,
,
,
,
.82
-
Benjamin
.
, ,
,
,
. , Debord
83
.
Constant
. ,
Constant
. , Cobra
ew Babylon,
82
.. . 356-358
Philippe Simay, Une autre ville pour une autre vie.Henri Lefebvre et les
situationnistes,http://www.philippesimay.com/clients/862/fichiers/userfiles/files/Une%
20autre%20ville%20pour%20une%20autre%20vie.pdf
83
3. K ,
,
.
ew Babylon, Lefebvre
.84 Constant ,
. 1956
1974 ,
homo ludens
,
.85
.
,
.
, ew Babylon ,
, , ,
. pilotis
. homo ludens
,
.
(, ,
, ..)
. ark Wigley,
84
4.
5.
4./ ew Babylon
5. New Babylon
( ) ,
,
.
.86. , ,
,
, 87. ,
, ,
.
New Babylon
. Constant
Debord -.
Constant, ,
,
. ,
New Babylon
, .
Wigley,
.
68 .
.
New Babylon, ,
jukebox
.88 homo ludens,
,
, (
86
.. .165
.. .12
),
.
2.6.
enjamin
. Lefebvre
,
:
()
.89
,
68,
.90 ,
, ,
, ,
.
, enjamin
. , Raoul Vaneigem
. , ,
89
,
.
. , .
.91.
2.6.1.
(26 1871 - 28 1871),
,
,
-
enjamin, Lefebvre
K.92
enjamin,
Haussmann
(
,
)
.
.
.
,
.93 ,
91
. , ,
, ,
.94
1831 Journal des dbats. Benjamin, ,
Haussmann ,
,
.
, Lefebvre
. ,
Haussmann, ,
( ),
.
, ( ),
. ,
1871
, ,
.
,
(, , ).95.
,
19 .
,
94
.. .13
Lefebvre, Henri [1977], : , :
, , : , .331
95
, 96
.
Marx
97.
,
,
98.
,
.
,
, .
2.6.2. 68
'68 ( )
- 1968.
,
,
Charles de Gaulle.
, :
96
.[1999], / Internationale
Situationniste, , ,:
. :/, .245
97
98
..
.. .246
, '68
, ,
, , ,
.99
,
: (Pouvoir
l'Imagination), Lefebvre
.
.
,
, ,
, .100
Lefebvre,
, 1968
,
101,
.
:
. , .102
,
,
. ,
,
99
. :
http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AC%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%8
5_'68
100
Lefebvre, Henri [1977], : , :
, , : ,
101
.. . 336
McDonough, m [2002], Guy Debord and the Situationist International, MIT Press
Ltd, . 283
102
9.
6.,7.: , 8.,9.: 68
.
: 1966
,
,
.
,
.
,
. , ,
.
,
.103
,
. ,
.
Debord
Vaneigem,
. (Il est interdit
d'interdire) , ! (Sous les pavs, la
plage!)
.
,
,
68 ,
. ,
, ,
68 .
,
103
, ,
, 30/01/2007
,
1972.
3. -
3.1.
, , Debord
,
.
:
,
. ()
.104
. ,
.
, , ,
. , ,
,
.
, ,
.
104
.[1999], / Internationale
Situationniste, , ,:
. :/, .374
. ,
. 105
,
. , William Mitchell -topia
.
.
.
,
, ,
. 106
107,
(technological paradigm shift),
. ,
,
.
, itchell,
,
. ,
105
, () :
, http://panosdragonas.net/?p=412#more-412
106
Mitchell, William J.[1999], E-topia : urban life, Jim - but not as we know it, Cambridge,
MA :The MIT Press, .3-4
107
, . ,
,
. 108 ,
,
.
, ,
-
.109 ,
,
.
,
110.
, .
. ,
Mitchell,
genius locus,
,
. ,
,
.111 ,
108
Mitchell, William J.[1999], E-topia : urban life, Jim - but not as we know it, Cambridge,
MA :The MIT Press, .86-87
109
.. .142
..
111
.. . 50
110
:
,
,
,
..
: .
. audio tours .
free press
facebook.112 ,
, enjamin,
GPS.
,
- .
, ,
. , ,
. genius locus
,
like . ,
,
,
.
112
,
,2010
2610 v.5, 2/11
11.
10.,11.:
3.2.
3.2.1.
commons (= ) munus
,
-.113 munus
commun (co= )
(com mun ity)
. Peter Barnes
Capitalism 3.0, A guide to reclaiming the Commons
114.
Barnes (.. , ,
), (.. , , ,
, ) (.. , ,
, , ).
, .
,
.
, ,
.115
Antonio Negri Michael Hardt
Commonwealth
: , ,
(common wealth) , ,
-
113
http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/munus
Barnes, Peter [2006], Capitalism 3.0, A guide to reclaiming the Commons, San
Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, .4-5
114
115
.. . 6
116. , ,
, , , ,
, (affects) ,
.
. , Hardt Negri
(
) .
, Felix
Stadler,
.
(. ) .
,
. ,
.117.
(
), (
)
( ..
, ..)
(
),
. ,
116
Stalder, Felix [2010], Digital Commons, : Hart, Keith, Laville, Jean-Louis, Cattani,
Antonio David, The Human Economy: A World Citizen's Guide, pp. 313-324, Cambridge,
UK, Polity Press.
. ,
Stadler,
() 118
,
.
. T ,
Stadler ,
,
119.
H
, Steven Johnson
mergence. , Johnson
. ,
, ,
. ,
120.
, (
)
bottom-up (
) . ,
Johnson
. Manchester
118
..
..
120
Johnson, Steven [2002], Emergence, Great Britain : Penguin Books Ltd, .18
119
.
Haussmann
.121.
Saskia Sassen
-
( )
.122 , bottom-up
,
.
,
.
-
. ,
.
3.2.2.
, .
,
,
. ,
,
, .
121
.. .41
Saskia Sassen, Open Source Urbanisme
http://www.domusweb.it/en/op-ed/open-source-urbanism/
122
, ,
, .123 ,
(location based games),
flash mobs124
, ,
. ,
.
Mapping the commons ( )
Hackitectura
,
, ,
,
.125 ,
,
. & ,
Martin Rieser ,
, ,
,
(GPS QR code) .126 QR code
123
, yCity.Com
http://ludicpyjamas.net/wp/?p=329&lang=el
124
flash mob= o
,
, ,
. ,
. . :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_mob
125
, http://mappingthecommons.wordpress.com/about/
126
, & ,
http://ludicpyjamas.net/wp/?lang=el
12.
13.
,
(,
, , .127) genius loci
.
,
atenistas, flash mobs
,
.
, Constant,
,
,
.
.
128
, . ,
Lefebvre,
.
, -
,
, ,
.
127
..
.[1999], / Internationale
Situationniste, , ,:
. :/, .56
128
3.2.3.
, Negri Hardt
129.
,
- .
,
, , ,
.130 ,
,
,
, .
,
.
, ,
Hardt Negri ( =
131), ( ,
)
132.
129
.. . 148
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolitics
132
Hardt, Michael / Negri, Antonio [2004], Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of
Empire, New York: The Penguin Press, .94
131
.
,
133
,
,
. , Jos Prez de Lama hackitectura,
:
,
134. , ,
, ,
(. SuttonSmith) .
133
.. .148
Hardt, Michael / Negri, Antonio [2009], Commonwealth, Cambridge, Massachusetts:
The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, .302
134
3.3.
3.3.1.lay VS Game
.
.
, , paidia Caillois
ludus. ,
play game : play,
, ,
, games
play ,
. ,
play ( ) game (
) ,
.135
dward Castronova, Indiana
University Bloomington,
,
.
,
(.. , ,
).136 cKenzie Wark
he Gamer Theory game
, gamespace ( )
.
,
,
135
137
, cKenzie Wark,
http://foldedin.blogspot.com/search/label/gamespase
138
..
play
.139
3.3.2.B_ .M.O.
,
140, play
.
.. (massive multiplayer online worlds =
) ,
,
. .
,
..
uizinga mo Ludens:
,
, avatars (=
) . ..
, ,
,
.
uizinga M..O.
, (..
)
,
. ..
,
.
, avatars
. ,
.. uizinga
139
, actics of play,
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