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Bài Tập Và Phương Pháp Giải Bài Tập Điện Xoay Chiều (T
Bài Tập Và Phương Pháp Giải Bài Tập Điện Xoay Chiều (T
Cun Bi tp in xoay chiu c bin son bi chuyn gia Trng hc s: Trn Duy Khoa
hin ang lm vic ti Trng hc s.
Ni dung ca cun sch ny bm st chng trnh ban c bn phn in xoay chiu lp 12 ph
hp vi kin thc thi i hc hin nay.
Chng in l mt chng kh v tng i chim nhiu im trong thi i hc nhng nm
gn y v bi tp in trong thi i hc tng i l kh.Nhng cc em nu thuc l thuyt
v ng dng ton tt th gii ton in xoay chiu khng phi l tr ngi g i vi cc em.Vi
quyn sch ny Khoa vit nhm gip cc bn hiu su hn v in gip rn luyn tt k nng gii
mt bi ton in tuy n vn c th cn thiu nhng lng kin thc ny cc bn bc
chn ca mnh vo in trong cc thi th v cc thi ca b cc nm gn y.
Sch gm 105 bi tp vi mc kh ngang bng nhau v mi bi mang mt bn cht vn
tng i l khc nhau to cm gic hng th khi cc em c th lm nhng bi tp khc nhau
khng b nhm chn.
Mi bi tp u c mt hng dn gii hoc nhiu hn y ch l mt hng gii quyt tng
i l ti u cc em c th tm thm nhiu phng php gii khc nhau cho cc bi ton trong
quyn sch ny.
Trong qu trnh bin son d rt c gng nhng chc chn vn cn nhng ch sai st. Mong
nhn c s thng cm v xin cc bn ng gp kin ln sau ti bn c tt hn.
Mi th t thc mc xin gi v:duykhoa144@gmail.com.
B. 3 2 (A) .
C.
3 2
(A).
2
Gii:
V gin vc t nh hnh v ta c
5
MON = ( )
3
12
12
MN = UL + UC
OM = URL = 75 2 (V)
ON = URC = 50 3 (V)
p dng L cosin cho tam gic OMN:
D. 3,3 (A)
UL
UR
N
UCR
5
118 (V)
12
UR2 = ULR2 UL2 = URC2 UC2 - UL2 UC2 = ULR2 URC2 = 3750
(UL + UC )(UL - UC ) = 3750 UL + UC = 3750/118 = 32 (V)
Ta c h phng trnh
UL - UC =118 (V)
UL + UC = 32 (V)
2
2
U RC
2.U RLU RC cos
MN = UL + UC = U RL
2
U L2 75 2 = 75 (V)
Suy ra UL = 75 (V) UR = U RL
Do I = UR/R = 3 (A). Chn p n A
Cu 2. t mt n p xoay chiu vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun R, cun dy thun
cm L v t in C c in dung thay i. Khi C = C1 in p hiu dng trn cc phn t UR =
40V, UL = 40V, UC = 70V.Khi C = C2 in p hiu dng hai u t l UC = 50 2 V. in p
hiu dng gia hai u in tr l:
A. 25 2 (V).
B. 25 (V).
C. 25 3 (V).
D. 50 (V).
Gii: Khi C = C1 UR = UL ZL = R
Khi C = C2 UR = UL
U = U ' 2R (U ' L U C 2 ) 2 = 50 (V) UR = 25 2 (V). Chn p n A
1
(H) v
4
t in C. Cho bit in p tc thi hai u on mch u = 90cos(t + /6) (V). Khi = 1 th
cng dng in chy qua mch i = 2 cos(240t - /12) (A); t tnh bng giy. Cho tn s
gc thay i n gi tr m trong mch c gi tr cng hng dng in, hiu in th gia hai
bn t in lc l:
A. uC = 45 2 cos(100t - /3) (V);
B. uC = 45 2 cos(120t - /3) (V);
C uC = 60cos(100t - /3) (V);
D. uC = 60cos(120t - /3) (V);
Cu 3. Cho mch in xoay chiu gm 3 phn th ni tip: in tr R; cun cm L =
Gii:
T biu thc ca i khi = 1 ta c 1 = 240
1
ZL1 = 240
= 60
4
Gc lch pha gia u v i : = u - i =
R = ZL1 ZC1; Z1 =
12
tan = 1
U 45 2
45 2
I
1
(120 ) 2 2 = 120
1
1
LC
.
4 3600
Do mch cng hng nn: ZC2 = ZL2 = 2 L = 30 ()
U 45 2
I2 =
6 2
3
UC2 = I2,ZC2 = 30 2 (V)
Vy uC = 60cos(120t /3) (V). Chn p n D
Cu 4 .Cho mt mch in gm bin tr Rx mc ni tip vi t in c C 63,8 F v mt cun
dy c in tr thun r = 70, t cm L
H . t vo hai u mt in p U=200V c tn
A. 0 ;378, 4W
C. 10 ;78, 4W
B. 20 ;378, 4W
D. 30 ;100W
Gii:
U2
(Z Z C ) 2
R L
R
Vi R = Rx + r = Rx + 70 70
1
1
ZL = 2fL = 100; ZC =
50
2fC 314.63,8.10 6
3500
P = Pmax khi mu s y = R +
c gi tri nh nht vi R 70
R
Xt s ph thuc ca y vo R:
3500
Ly o hm y theo R ta c y = 1 ; y = 0 R = 50
R2
Khi R < 50 th nu R tng y gim. ( v y < 0)
Khi R > 50 th nu R tng th y tng
Do khi R 70 th mu s y c gi tr nh nht khi R = 70.
Cng sut ca mch c gi tr ln nht khi Rx = R r = 0
U 2r
378,4 W
Pc = 2
r (Z L Z C ) 2
P = I2R=
U 2R
R 2 (Z L Z C ) 2
Chn p n A
Rx = 0, Pc = 378 W
C
B
B. 15 6
D. 30 2
C. 60
V gin vc t nh hnh v:
UAN
N
UAM
M
A
AM = UAM = Ur + UL
Ur E
UR F
I
3B
U
AB
AN = UAN
AE = Ur
EF = MN = UMN = UR
U L 60 3
15 6 (), Chn p n B
I
2 2
Cu 6. Mt on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v BM mc ni tip. on mch AM gm
in tr thun R1 mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C, on mch MB gm in tr thun R 2
mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm L. t in p xoay chiu u = U0cos t (U0 v
khng i) vo hai u on mch AB th cng sut tiu th ca on mch AB l 85 W. Khi
1
v lch pha gia uAM v uMB l 900. Nu t in p trn vo hai u on mch
2
LC
MB th on mch ny tiu th cng sut bng:
A. 85 W
B. 135 W.
C. 110 W.
D. 170 W.
Do o ZL =
Gii:
R1
1
A
trong mch c cng hng ZL = ZC
LC
v cng sut tiu th ca on mch c tnh theo cng thc
ZC
Z
U2
P=
(1). Ta c:
tan1 =
; tan2 = L
R1
R1
R1 R2
0
Mt khc: 2 - 1 = 90 tan1. tan2 = -1
ZC Z L
Do
= -1 ZL = ZC = R1 R2 (2)
R1 R1
Khi t in p trn vo on mch MB th cng sut tiu th trn on mch
U 2R
U 2 R2
U2
P2 = I22 R2 = 2 2 2 = 2
= P = 85W. Chn p n A
R2 Z L R2 R1 R2 R1 R2
Khi 2
R2
R M C N L,
r
tiu th ton mch bng 360W; lch pha gia uAN v uMB
l 900, uAN v uAB l 600 . Tm R v r
A. R=120 ; r=60
B. R=60 ; r=30 ;
C. R=60 ; r=120
D. R=30 ; r=60
Gii:
V gin vc t nh hnh v
OO1 = Ur
UR = OO2 = O1O2 = EF
UL
UL + UC
UMB E
UAB F
Ur O1
UR
EOQ = 900
O
0
FOQ = 60
O2
0
0
0
Suy ra = EOF = 90 60 = 30 .
0
C
Xt tam gic OEF: EF2 = OE2 + OF2 2.OE.OFcos30U
UAN Q
Thay s EF = OE = 120 (V) Suy ra UR = 120(V) (3)
2
2
2
UAB = (UR + Ur) + (UL UC)
Vi (UL UC)2 = UMB2 Ur2 ( xt tam gic vung OO1E)
UAB2 = UR2 +2UR.Ur + UMB2 . T (1); (2), (3) ta c Ur = 60 (V) (4)
Gc lch pha gia u v i trong mch:
= FOO3 = 300 ( v theo trn tam gic OEF l tam gic cn c gc y bng 300)
T cng thc P = UIcos
I = P / Ucos 360/(120 3 cos300) = 2 (A): I = 2A (5)
Do R = UR/I = 60; r = Ur /I = 30. Chn p n B
O3
UR + Ur
Ta c UL = IZL;
UL=
UL
1 1
L 1
( R 2 2 ) 2 L2
2
4
C
C
1
Xt biu thc y = 10 8 2 X 2 7.10 4 X 2
R 2 (L
1 2
)
C
UL
10 8 2
7.10 4
Vi X =
(V)
1
1
1
1
1 7
3 5
8 2 1
4 1
8 2
4
10
7.10 2 2
10
7.10
1
16 4
4
16.10 8 4
4. 2 2
UL = ULmin khi = 100.
U
U
100
100
ULmin =
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 7 1
10 8 2 4 7.10 4 2 2
10 8 2 8 4 7.10 4 2 2
10
Chn p n D.
Cu 9.. Cho mch in xoay chiu khng phn nhnh AD gm hai on AM v MD. on mch
2
MD gm cun dy in tr thun R = 40 3 v t cm L =
H. on MD l mt t
5
in c in dung thay i c, C c gi tr hu hn khc khng. t vo hai u mch in p
xoay chiu
uAD = 240cos100t (V). iu chnh C tng in p (UAM + UMD) t gi tr cc
i. Gi tr cc i l:
A. 240 (V).
B. 240 2 (V).
C. 120V.
D. 120 2 (V)
Gii:
Ta c ZL = 100 .2/5 = 40 ZAM =
R 2 Z L2 80
t Y = (UAM + UMD)2.
Tng (UAM + UMD) t gi tr cc i khi Y t gi tr cc i
Y = (UAM + UMD)2 = I2( ZAM2 +ZC2 + 2ZAM.ZC) =
2
U 2 ( Z AM
Z C2 2Z AM Z C )
R 2 (Z L Z C ) 2
3.40 2 (40 Z C ) 2
Z C2 80Z C 6400
240Z C
( Z C2 160Z C 6400)
Y = Ymax khi biu thc X=
= 1+ 2
c gi tr cc i
2
Z C 80Z C 6400
Z C 80Z C 6400
X=
240Z C
=
Z 80Z C 6400
2
C
240
c gi tr cc i
6400
ZC
80
ZC
240 2 (V)
( Z AM Z C ) =
80
Z
3.40 2 (40 80) 2
UL2
Ud2
UL1
Ud1
U2
O 1
U2 R1
UR2
U1
UC
=
n2R2 = R2 +( 1 L ) = R2 + ( 1 L -2 L )2
1C
nR
1
R 2 (1 L
)
1C
L(1 2 )
(n2 1)R2 = ( 1 -2 )2L2 R =
. Chn p n B
n2 1
Cu 12. t mt in p u = U0 cos t ( U0 khng i, thay i c) vo 2 u on mch
gm R, L, C mc ni tip tha mn iu kin CR2 < 2L. Gi V1,V2, V3 ln lt l cc vn k mc
vo 2 u R, L, C. Khi tng dn tn s th thy trn mi vn k u c 1 gi tr cc i, th t ln
lt cc vn k ch gi tr cc i khi tng dn tn s l
A. V1, V2, V3.
B. V3, V2, V1.
C. V3, V1, V2.
D. V1, V3,V2.
Gii:
Ta gi s ch ca cc vn k l U1,2,3
UR
U1=IR =
1 2
R 2 (L
)
C
1
U1 = U1max khi trong mch c s cng hng in: 12 =
(1)
LC
U2 = IZL =
UL
R 2 (L
1 2
)
C
UL
R 2 2 L2
1
L
2
2
C
C
U
y 22
L
R2 2
1 1
C L2 c gi tr cc tiu y
U2 = U2max khi y2 = 2 4
2min
C
2
1
1 C L
t x = 2 , Ly o hm y2 theo x, cho y2 = 0 x = 2 = (2 CR 2 )
2 C
2
2
=
(2)
2
L
C
(
2
L
CR
)
2
2
C (2 R )
C
U
U
U
U3 = IZC =
2
y3
1 2
1
L
C R 2 (L
)
C 2 ( R 2 2 L2 2 2 2 )
C
C
C
L
1
U3 = U3max khi y3 = L24 +(R2 -2 )2 + 2 c gi tr cc tiu y3min
C
C
2
t y = , Ly o hm ca y3 theo y, cho y3 = 0
L
2 R2
1
R2
y = 2 = C 2
2
LC 2 L
2L
2
1
R
32 =
2 (3)
LC 2 L
So snh (1); (2), (3):
1
1
R2
T (1) v (3) 32 =
2 < 12 =
LC 2 L
LC
CR 2
1 2 L (2 L CR 2 )
2
Xt hiu 22 - 12 =
=
>0
LC (2 L CR 2 )
LC (2 L CR 2 )
C (2 L CR 2 ) LC
(V CR2 < 2L nn 2L CR2 > 0 )
1
2
Do 22 =
> 12 =
2
LC
C (2 L CR )
22
1
R2
1
2
2 < 12 =
< 22 =
LC 2 L
LC
C (2 L CR 2 )
Theo th t V3, V1 , V2 ch gi tr cc i Chn p n C
Tm lai ta c 32 =
Gii:
Ta c ZC =100/0,5 = 200, tan
Z L ZC
tan 60 0 3 (ZL ZC) = R 3
R
R 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2 2 R R = 100
UAM = I.ZAM =
U R 2 Z L2
R (Z L Z C )
2
U
R Z Z 2Z L Z C
R 2 Z L1
2
2
L
2
C
400(100 Z L )
100 2 Z L2
100 Z L
= ymax c gi tr cc i
100 2 Z L2
y = ymax khi o hm y = 0 ZL2 200ZL -100 = 0
ZL = 100(1 + 2 )
1 2
L=
(H) Chn p n A.
4
3.10-4
(F)
A. L1 = (H);C=
2
2
10-4
(F)
C. L1 = (H);C=
4
10-4
(F)
B. L1 = (H);C=
3
1
3.10-4
(F)
D. L1 = (H);C=
4
Z L1
2
Z L1
ZC
Z ZC
Z Z C Z L1
Z L1
2
tan1 = L1
=
v tan2 = L 2
=
R
R
R
4R
4R
1 + 2 =
tan1. tan1 = -1 ZL12 = 16R2 ZL1 = 4R = 400
2
Z L1 4
L1 =
(H)
ZC = 0,75ZL1 = 300 C =
1
10 4
(F)
.Z C
3
Chn p n B
Cu 15: Cho 3 linh kin gm in tr thun R=60, cun cm thun L v t in C. Ln lt t
in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng U vo hai u on mch ni tip RL hoc RC th biu
thc cng dng in trong mch ln lt l i1= 2 cos 100 t (A) v i2=
12
10
2 cos 100 t
(A). nu t in p trn vo hai u on mch RLC ni tip th dng in
12
A. 2 2 cos(100t+3 )(A) .
B. 2 cos(100t+3 )(A).
C. 2 2 cos(100t+4 )(A) .
D. 2cos(100t+4 )(A).
Gii: Ta thy cng hiu dng trong on mch RL v RC bng nhau suy ra ZL = ZC lch
pha 1 gia u v i1 v 2 gia u v i2 i nhau. tan1= - tan2
Gi s in p t vo cc on mch c dng: u = U 2 cos(100t + ) (V).
Khi 1 = (- /12) = + /12
2 = 7/12
tan1 = tan( + /12) = - tan2 = - tan( 7/12)
tan( + /12) + tan( 7/12) = 0 sin( + /12 + 7/12) = 0
Suy ra = /4 - tan1 = tan( + /12) = tan(/4 + /12) = tan /3 = ZL/R
ZL = R 3
U = I1 R 2 Z L2 2RI1 120 (V)
Mch RLC c ZL = ZC trong mch c s cng hng I = U/R = 120/60 = 2 (A) v i cng pha
vi u = U 2 cos(100t + /4) .
Vy i = 2 2 cos(100t + /4) (A). Chn p n C
Cu 16. Cho mch RLC ni tip. Khi t in p xoay chiu c tn s gc ( mch ang c tnh
cm khng). Cho thay i ta chn c 0 lm cho cng dng in hiu dng c gi tr ln
nht l Imax v 2 tr s 1 , 2 vi 1 2 = 200 th cng dng in hiu dng lc ny
I
3
l I max .Cho L
(H). in tr c tr s no:
2
4
A.150.
B.200.
C.100.
D.125.
Gii:
I1 = I2 Z1 = Z2 (ZL1 ZC1)2 = (ZL2 ZC2)2 ZL1 + ZL2 = ZC1 + ZC2
2
1 1
1
1
L(1 + 2) = ( ) 1
LC =
ZC1 = ZL2
C 1 2
C1 2
1 2
Imax =
U 2
;
R
I1 =
U
=
Z
U
R ( Z L1 Z C1 )
2
U 2
2R
4R = 2R + 2(ZL1 ZC1)
2
3
200 = 150(). Chn p n A
4
Cu 17: Mt mch in xoay chiu gm cc linh kin l tng mc ni tip theo th t R, C v
L. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu u = U0cos(t /6). Bit U0, C, l cc
hng s. Ban u in p hiu dng hai u in tr R l UR = 220V v uL = U0Lcos(t + /3),
sau tng R v L ln gp i, khi URC bng
A. 220V.
B. 220 2 V.
C. 110V.
D. 110 2 .
11
i = - = 2
3 2
6
Do ta c u, i cng pha, MCH C CNG HNG: nn: ZL = ZC v U = UR = 220 (V)
Khi tng R v L ln gp i th R = 2R, ZL = 2ZL
URC =
U R' 2 Z C2
R' 2 ( Z ' L Z C ) 2
U R' 2 Z C2
R' 2 (2Z C Z C ) 2
= U = 220V. Chn p n A
2
4
L H th biu thc ca dng in trong mch l i I1 2cos(100t /12) A . Khi L H th
A. 100 3 .
B. 100.
C. 200.
D. 100 2 .
Gii:
Ta c ZC = 100;
Z ZC
tan1 = L1
R
Z ZC
tan2 = L 2
R
2 - 1 =
4
=
1 = +
R
12
300
=
= 3tan1 2 = +
R
4
=
12
6
1
tan(2 - 1) = tan =
6
3
tan 2 tan 1
2 tan 1
1
1
tan(2 - 1) =
tan1 =
2
1 tan 2 tan 1 1 3 tan 1
3
3
100 1
=
R = 100 3 () Chn p n A
R
3
Cu 19. Trong gi thc hnh mt hc sinh mc ni tip mt qut in xoay chiu vi in tr R,
ri mc vo hai u mch in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 380V. Bit qut c cc gi tr
nh mc 220V 88W. Khi hot ng ng cng sut nh mc th lch pha gia in p hai
u qut v dng in qua n l , vi cos = 0,8. qut hot ng ng cng sut th R =?
Gii:
Gi r l in tr ca qut: P = UqIcos = I2r.
P
88
P
Thay s vo ta c: I =
=
= 0,5 (A); r = 2 = 352
U q cos
220.0,8
I
12
Zqut =
Uq
I
= r 2 Z L2 = 440
Khi mc vo U = 380V: I =
U
U
=
=
Z
( R r ) 2 Z L2
U
R 2 Rr r 2 Z L2
2
U
2
R2 + 2Rr + Z quat
= ( ) 2 R2 + 704R +4402 = 7602
I
2
R + 704R 384000 = 0 R = 360,7
Cu 20. Ni hai cc ca my pht in xoay chiu mt pha vo hai u on mch AB gm R
ni tip vi L thun. B qua in tr cun dy ca my pht. Khi r to quay u vi tc n
vng/pht th cng hiu dng l 1A. Khi r to quay u vi tc 3n vng/pht th cng
hiu dng l 3 A..Khi r to quay u vi tc 2n vng/pht th cm khng ca on mch
AB tnh theo R l?
U E
=
Z Z
Vi E l sut in ng hiu dng gia hai cc my pht: E =
r = 0)
Vi f = np n tc quay ca roto, p s cp cc t
Gii: I =
2 N0 =
2 2fN0 = U ( do
Z = R 2 2 L2
Khi n1 = n th 1 = ; ZL1 = ZZ
Khi n3 = 3n th 3 = 3; ZL3 = 3ZZ ---->
I 1 E1 Z 3 1 Z 3
1
=
=
I 3 E3 Z1 3 Z1
3
R 2 9Z L2
R 2 Z L2
6 Z L2 = 2R2 Z L2 = R2/3 ZL =
I1
1
=
R2 + 9 Z L2 = 3R2 +3 Z L2
I3
3
R
3
2R
3
Cu 21: Mt cun dy khng thun cm ni tip vi t in C trong mch in xoay chiu c
in p u U 0 .cost (V) th dng in trong mch sm pha hn in p l 1 , in p hiu dng
hai u cun dy l 30V. Bit rng nu thay t C bng t C' 3C th dng in trong mch chm
Ud2
= 3 I2 = 3I1 Z1 = 3Z2 .Z12 = 9Z22
U d1
13
Z C1 2
) 2(R2 +ZL2 ) = ZLZC1
3
2( R 2 Z L2 )
ZC1 =
ZL
U d1
Z1
U
=
U = Ud1
= Ud1
Z d1
Z d1
Z1
R 2 ( Z L Z c1 ) 2
R 2 Z L2
= Ud1
R 2 Z L2 Z C21 2Z L Z C1
=
R 2 Z L2
4( R 2 Z L2 ) 2
2( R 2 Z L2 )
2
Z
L
ZL
Z L2
4( R 2 Z L2 )
4R 2
Ud1
=
U
=
U
1
d1
d1
3
R 2 Z L2
Z L2
Z L2
Z
Z L C1
Z L ZC2
Z L Z C1
3
tan1 =
; tan1 =
=
R
R
R
(R +
2
ZL2
4( R 2 Z L2 ) 5
4R 2
8 4( R 2 Z L2 )
1
)[1- +
]
=
0
=
0
=
2
2
2
3
3
3
3Z L
3Z L
3Z L
4R 2
4R 2
=
1
U
=
U
1 = Ud1 2
d1
Z L2
Z L2
12
R 2 (1 L
1 2
)
1C
22
R 2 ( 2 L
1 2
)
2C
2 2fN0 = U ( do r = 0)
12 [ R 2 ( 2 L
1 2
1 2
) ] = 22 [ R 2 (1 L
) ]
2C
1C
14
12
22
L
2 L
2 2
2 2 2
R L 2 2 21
= 2 R 1 2 L 2 2 2 22
C
C
2 C
1 C
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1 ( 1 )( 2 1 )
L
(12 22 )( R 2 2 ) = 2 ( 22 12 ) = 2 2
C
C 1 2
C
12 22
2
1
2
1
2
2
L
1
1
- R2 )C2 = 2 2 (*)
C
1 2
Dng in hiu dng qua mch
U E
I=
Z Z
(2
1 2
R ( L
)
C
c gi tr ln nht
y=
R 2 2 L2
1
L
2
2
C
C
1 1
C2 4
R2 2
L
C L2
y = ymax th mu s b nht
x2
L
1
t x = 2 y = 2 ( R 2 2 ) x L2
C
C
Ly o hm mu s, cho bng 0 ta c kt qu x0 =
T (*) v (**) ta suy ra
1
1
2
2 2
2
f1
f2
f0
2
1
hay
2
2
2
0
1 2 L
C (2 R 2 ) (**)
2
C
02
2n12 n22
1
1
2
2
n
Chn p n D
0
n12 n22
n12 n22 n02
10 4
10 4
F th UC c cng gi tr. UC c gi tr cc i th C c gi tr:
2
3.104
10 4
3.104
2.104
A. C =
F.
B. C =
F
C. C =
F.
D. C =
F
4
3
2
3
v C= C2 =
Gii:
UC1 = UC2
UZ C1
R 2 ( Z L Z C1 ) 2
UZ C 2
R 2 (Z L Z C 2 ) 2
15
ZL
Z
R 2 Z L2
R 2 Z L2
1
1
1
1
-2
+1 =
- 2 L +1 (R2 + Z L2 )( 2 - 2 ) = 2ZL(
)
2
2
Z C1
ZC2
Z C1
ZC2
Z C1 Z C 2
Z C1 Z C1
2Z
1
1
+
= 2 L 2 (1)
R ZL
Z C1 Z C1
UC =
Z
R 2 Z L2
= UCmax khi y =
- 2 L +1 = ymin
2
2
2
ZC
ZC
R (Z L Z C )
UZ C
y = ymin
R 2 Z L2
khi ZC =
ZL
Z
1
= 2 L 2 (2)
ZC R ZL
C1 C 2 3.10 4
1
1
2
T (1) v (2)
+
=
C=
=
(F). Chn p n A
4
2
Z C1 Z C1
ZC
dng in trong mch khi c biu thc i1 2 6cos 100 t ( A) . Khi iu chnh in
4
A. i2 2 3cos 100 t
B. i2 2 2cos 100 t
( A)
( A)
12
12
C. i2 2 2cos 100 t ( A)
D. i2 2 3cos 100 t ( A)
3
3
r 2 ( Z L Z C1 ) 2 =
r 2 Z L2 ZL ZC1 = ZL
Z C1
(1)
2
tan1 =
Z L Z C1
r
3Z C21
r=
4
3Z C21
(2)
2
Z C1
Z C1
1
1 = 6
3
3
Z C1
2
r 2 Z L2 Z C21
2 Z C1
ZL
Z C1
2
16
Khi Z2 =
r 2 (Z L Z C 2 ) 2
Zc
3 2
Z C1 ( 1 2Z C1 ) 2 3Z C21 3Z C1
4
2
Z C1
2 Z C1
Z L ZC2
2
tan2 =
3 2 = r
3
3
Z C1
2
Z
I
2 3
U = I1Z1 = I2Z2 I2 = I1 1 1
2 (A)
Z2
3
3
Cng dng in qua mch
P
= 2A;
r
U
20
20
P
Ud =
= 20V , I = d =
Zd =
= 10
2
Zd
Zd
I cos
Gii: Dng in qua cun dy I =
Zd = r 2 Z L2 ZL = Z L2 r 2 = 6
U
I=
U = IZ = I (r R) 2 Z L2 = 2 12 2 6 2 = 12 5 (V). Chn p n C
Z
Cu 27 Cho on mch xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip.t vo 2 u mch 1 in p xoay chiu
c tn s thay i c.Khi tn s ca in p 2 u mch l f0 =60Hz th in p hiu dng 2
u cun cm thun t cc i .Khi tn s ca in p 2 u mch l f = 50Hz th in p 2 u
cun cm l uL=UL 2 cos(100t + 1 ) .Khi f = f th in p 2 u cun cm l uL =U0L
cos(t+2 ) .Bit UL=U0L / 2 .Gi tr ca bng:
A.160(rad/s)
B.130(rad/s)
C.144(rad/s)
D.20 30 (rad/s)
17
Gii: UL = IZL =
UL
1 2
)
C
1 2
R 2 (L
)
C = y
UL =ULmax khi y =
min
2
R 2 (L
2
0
C
L
(2 -R2) (1) Vi 0 = 120 rad/s
2
C
'
=
1 2
1 2
R 2 (L
)
R 2 ( ' L
)
C
'C
1 2
1 2
2 [ R 2 ( ' L
) ] = 2 [ R 2 (L
) ]
' C
C
'2
L
1 2
1
1
1
( 2 -2 )( 2 -R2) =
(
) = 2 ( 2 -2 )( 2 + 2 )
2
2
2
C
'
C
C
'
L
1
1
C2 ( 2 -R2) = 2 + 2 (2)
Vi = 100 rad/s
C
'
2 02
1
1
2
T (1) v (2) ta c 2 = 2 + 2 2 =
2 2 02
0 '
=
0
2 2 02
100 .120
2.100 2 2 120 2 2
R 2 Z L2
ZL
2
2
2
2
ULUC = UR + UL UR + UL =200UL
U2 = UR2 +(UL UC)2 (100 3 )2 = UR2 + UL2 +2002 400UL
30000 = 200UL + 40000 400UL UL = 50 (V)
Cu 29. Mt cun dy khng thun cm ni tip vi t in C trong mch in xoay chiu c
in p u U 0 .cost (V) th dng in trong mch sm pha hn in p l 1 , in p hiu dng
UC = UCmax = 200 (V) khi ZC =
18
hai u cun dy l 30V. Bit rng nu thay t C bng t C' 3C th dng in trong mch chm
pha hn in p l 2
Gii:
Ud1 = 30 (V)
Ud2
= 3 I2 = 3I1 Z1 = 3Z2 Z12 = 9Z22
U d1
Z
R2 + (ZL ZC1)2 = 9R2 + 9(ZL - C1 )2 2(R2 +ZL2 ) = ZLZC1 R2 + ZL2 =
3
Ud2 = 90 (V)
Z L Z C1
2
R 2 Z L2 Z C21 2Z L Z C1
2 Z C1
= Ud1
3 (*)
2
2
R ZL
Z?
Z
Z L C1
Z ZC2
3
tan1 = L
=
R
R
U d1 U
Z
=
U = Ud1 1 = Ud1
Z d1 Z1
Z d1
tan1 =
Z L Z C1
;
R
1 1 + 2 =
Z C1
Z L Z C1
3 = -1(Z Z )(Z - Z C1 ) = - R2
L
C1
L
R
R
3
2
Z
Z2
Z 2 5Z L Z C1
Z
Z Z
Z
R2 + ZL2 4ZL C1 + C1 = 0 L C1 4ZL C1 + C1 = 0 C1 =0
3
3
3
2
6
3
3
Z
5Z L
2 Z C1
C1 = 0 ZC1 = 2,5ZL (**) U = Ud1
3 = Ud1 2
3
6
Z?
ZL
Do U0 = U 2 = 2Ud1 = 60V.
Cu 30. Ni hai cc ca mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha vo hai u on mch AB
gm in tr thun R = 30 , mc ni tip vi t in C. B qua in tr cc cun dy ca my
pht. Khi r to quay vi tc n vng /pht th cng hiu dng trong on mch l 1A. .
Khi r to quay vi tc 2n vng /pht th cng hiu dng trong on mch l 6 A. Nu
r to quay vi tc 3n vng /pht th dung khng ca t in l:
A. 4 5 ()
B. 2 5 ()
C. 16 5 ()
D. 6 5 ()
U E
=
Z Z
Vi E l sut in ng hiu dng gia hai cc my pht: E =
r = 0)
Vi f = np n tc quay ca roto, p s cp cc t
1
Z = R2 2 2
C
Gii: I =
2 N0 =
2 2fN0 = U ( do
19
Khi n1 = n th 1 = ; I1 =
1
E
; ZC1 = ZC =
C
Z1
I 1 E1 Z 2 1 Z 2
1
=
=
2
I 2 E3 Z1 2 Z1
E
Z2
Z C2
4 = I 1 = 1 6R2 + 1,5 Z 2 = 4R2 +4 Z 2
C
C
6
R 2 Z C2 I 2
R2
2R
= 12 5 ()
5
- Khi n3 = 3n th 3 = 3; ZC3 = ZC /3 = 4 5 (). Chn p n A
Cu 31: Mch in xoay chiu, gm in tr thun R, cun dy thun cm c t cm L v t
in c in dung C mc ni tip. t vo 2 u on mch mt in p xoay chiu u tn s
1000Hz. Khi mc 1 ampe k A c in tr khng ng k song song vi t C th n ch 0,1A.
Dng in qua n lch pha so vi in p hai u on mch gc /6 rad. Thay ampe k A bng
vn k V c in tr rt ln th vn k ch 20 V, in p hai u vn k chm pha hn in p
hai u on mch /6 rad. t cm L v in tr thun R c gi tr:
A. 3 /(40)(H) v 150
B. 3 /(2)v 150
C. 3 /(40) (H) v 90
D. 3 /(2)v 90
Gii:
U
Khi mc ampe k mch RL: I1 =
= 0,1 (A). Lc ny u sm pha hn i;
2
R Z L2
ZL
1
R
0,2 R
= tan =
ZL =
(1) v U = I1 R 2 Z L2 =
(V) (2)
R
6
3
3
3
Khi mc vn k mch RLC: UC = UV = 20V
Z ZC
2 = - - (- ) = tan2 = L
= - tan = - 3 ZC ZL = R 3
R
2
6
3
3
R
4R
ZC = R 3 +
=
; Z2 = R 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2 = 2R
3
3
UZ C
2U
2U
0,2 R
UC =
=
= 20 U =
= 10 3 R = 150 ()
Z2
3
3
3
tan1 =
ZL =
R
3
= 50 3 2fL = 50 3 L =
50 3
3
=
(H)
2 .1000
40 .
3
(H) ; R = 150 ()
40 .
Cu 32. Cho mch in nh hnh v: uAB = Uocost; in p hiu dng UDH = 100V; hiu in th
tc thi uAD sm pha 150o so vi hiu in th uDH, sm pha 105o so vi hiu in th uDB v sm
pha 90o so vi hiu in th uAB. Tnh Uo?
Chn p n A: L =
20
D. Uo = 193,2V.
Gii:
300 450
I12 I 22 6 (A)
Cu 34.
on mch AB gm mt ng c in mc ni tip vi mt cun dy. Khi t vo hai u AB
mt in p xoay chiu th in p hai u ng c c gi tr hiu dng bng U v sm pha so
5
u1 = U 2 cos(t +
). ; u2 = 2U 2 cos(t +
).
12
12
vi dng in l
21
T gin ta tnh c
2
= U2 + 4U2 - 2.2U2 cos 1200 = 7U2
U AB
1200
UAB = U 7 . Chn p n B
Cu 35: Cho mch xoay chiu R,L,C, c cun cm thun, L thay i c.iu chnh L thy
ULmax= 2URmax. Hi ULmax gp bao nhiu ln UCmax?
A 2/ 3 .
B. 3 /2.
C. 1/ 3 .
D. 1/2
Gii:
UZ C
Ta c UR = URmax = U v UC = UCmax =
khi trong mch c cng hng ZL = ZC
R
R 2 Z C2
UL = ULmax khi ZL =
: (*)
ZC
U
U
ULmax =
=
= 2URmax = 2U
2
2
ZC
R ZC
ZC
1
2
1
ZL
ZL
Z L2
1-
ZC
1
4
= ZL = ZC (**)
4
3
ZL
UZ C
=U 3
R
U L max
2U
2
=
=
, Chn p n A
U C max U 3
3
Cu 36: Cho mch in xoay chiu RLC mc ni tip. in p xoay chiu t vo hai u on
mch c biu thc u = U 2 cost tn s gc bin i. Khi = 1 = 40 rad/s v khi = 2
= 360 rad/s th cng dng in hiu dng qua mch in c gi tr bng nhau. cng
dng in trong mch t gi tr ln nht th tn s gc bng
A. 100(rad/s).
B. 110(rad/s).
C. 200(rad/s).
D. 120(rad/s).
Gii:
I1 = I1 Z1 = Z1 (ZL1 ZC1)2 = (ZL2 ZC2)2
Do 1 2 nn (ZL1 ZC1) = - (ZL2 ZC2) ZL1 + ZL2 = ZC1 + ZC2
1 1
1
1
(1 + 2)L =
(
+
) LC =
(*)
1 2
C 1 2
1
Khi I = Imax; trong mch c cng hng LC = 2 (**)
Vy
22
Ta c : tand = L = tan = 3 ZL = R 3 Zd = 2R
3
R
Ud = UC ZC = Zd = 2R. Z = 2R 2 3
U
Do I =
(*)
2R 2 3
Sau khi tng chiu di ng dy ZL =
I=
R (Z ' L Z C )
2
ZL R 3
=
2
2
R 3
R2 (
2 R) 2
2
2U
R 23 8 3
(**)
I' 4 2 3
=
= 0,6847 I = 0,685I. Chn p n A
I
23 8 3
Cu 38 : 1 on mch RLC . khi f1 =66 Hz hoc f2 =88 Hz th hiu in th 2 u cun cm
khng i , f = ? th ULmax
A 45,21
B 23,12
C 74,76
D 65,78
UL
Gii: UL = IZL =
1 2
R 2 (L
)
C
UL1 = UL2
R 2 (1 L
1
2
1
2
2
1 2
)
1C
L
- R2 ) (*)
C
UL
R 2 ( 2 L
1 2
)
2C
= 42C2(2
UL = ULmax khi
1 2
R (L
)
C
2
UL
1 2
R (L
)
C
c gi tr max
23
1 2
)
2
L
C
hay y =
= ymin 2 = 42C2(2 - R2 ) (**)
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
T (*) v (**) ta c 2 = 2 + 2 hay 2 = 2 + 2
1 2
f
f1
f2
R 2 (L
f1 f 2 2
4
Gii: cos1 = 0,6 tan1 =
3
A
ZL
4
4
tan1 =
=
ZL = (R + r) (*)
3
3
Rr
3
cos = 0,8 tan =
4
Z ZC
3
3
tan = L
= ZL ZC = (R +r) (**)
4
4
Rr
ZL
Z L 12
f 12
2
2
= 1 LC v 2 LC = 1
=
= 2 f1 = f2
ZC
Z C 22
f2
* Khi ZL ZC =
f1 =
4 f2
7
ZL
ZC
Z
3
7
16
(R +r) ZC =
(R +r) L =
4
12
7
ZC
** Khi ZL ZC = f1 = f2
L; r
Z
3
25
16
(R +r) ZC =
(R +r) L =
4
12
25
ZC
ZL
4
= f2. = 80Hz. Chn p n A
5
ZC
24
Gii: PR = I2R =
U 2R
=
( R r ) 2 (Z L Z C ) 2
U2
r 2 (Z L Z C ) 2
R
2r
R
P
= 2 (A)
r
in p hiu dng 2 u ng dy ni my pht l
Cng dng in qua mch I =
U=I
( R r ) 2 Z L2 = 2 12 2 6 2 = 12 5 (V) Chn p n C
Cu 42. Mch xoay chiu RLC gm cun dy c (R0, L) v hai t C1, C2. Nu mc C1//C2 ri ni
tip vi cun dy th tn s cng hng l 1 = 48 (rad/s). Nu mc C1 ni tip C2 ri ni tip
cun dy th tn s cng hng l 2 = 100 (rad/s). Nu ch mc ring C1 ni tip cun dy th
tn s cng hng l
A = 70 rad/s B. = 50 rad/s C. = 74 rad/s D = 60 rad/s
Gii:
C1C 2
1
1
C// = C1 + C2; Cnt =
; =
C= 2
C1 C 2
L
LC
1
1
C// = 2 C1 + C2 = 2 (*)
1 L
1 L
C1C 2
1
1
1
1
1
Cnt = 2
= 2 C1C2 = 2
= 2 2 2 (**)
2
C1 C 2 2 L
2 L
2 L 1 L 1 2 L
1
1
1
T (*) v (**) C1 + 2 2 2
= 2 (***)
1 2 L C1
1 L
25
C1 =
2L
(****)
2L
2
1
1
1
=
+
= 2
2 2 2
2 2
2
2
2
1 2 1
L 1 2 L
1 L
4
2 2
2 2
- 2 + 1 2 = 0 (*****)
1
12 22 + 4 = 2 22
Phng trnh c hai nghim = 60 rad/s v
= 80 rad/s Chn p n D
B. UCmax =
4LC R C
2
D. UCmax =
2U
R 4LC R 2C2
Gii:
UC =
UZ C
R 2 (Z L _ Z C ) 2
2
UC = UCmax khi 2 =
UCmax =
U
1 (1
R
4 LC R 2 C 2
2L
2
R C R C
)
L
4 L2
U
1 4 L2 C 2
U
R 2 (L
1 2
)
C
L
R2
1
C
v UCmax =
2
C
2L
1
C
U
Z2
1 L2
ZC
U
2
1
C
L
1
L2 4 ( R 2 2 ) 2 2
C
C
U
4R 2
L
R4
C
4 L2
=
2 LU
R 4 LC R 2 C 2
U
2
R
R C R 4C 2
2 2
(4 LC R C )
)
L
4 L2
4 L2
U
U
=
=
2
L
R C 2
2 2
2
(2 R ) C
1 (1
)
2L
1 C
4 L2
U
1
(2
L
R2 )2
C
L2 C 2
4
4L
Chn p n C.
Cu 44: Trong mt gi thc hnh mt hc sinh mun mt qut in loi 180 V - 120W hot
ng bnh thng di in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 220 V, nn mc ni tip vi qut
26
I1 =
Z1
( R0 R1 ) 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2
268 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2
Suy ra
(ZL ZC )2 = (220/0,75)2 2682 ZL ZC 119 (3)
Ta c P = I2R0 (4)
U
U
Vi I =
(5)
Z
( R0 R2 ) 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2
U 2 R0
R0 + R2 256 R2 58
( R0 R2 ) 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2
R2 < R1 R = R2 R1 = - 12
Phi gim 12. Chn p n C
Cu 45: t mt in p xoay chiu u vo hai u ca mt on mch gm in tr R mc ni
tip vi mt t in c in dung C. in p t thi hai u in tr R c biu thc
uR = 50 2 cos(2ft + fi) (V). Vo mt thi im t no in p tc thi gia hai u on
mch v hai u in tr c gi tr u = 50 2 V v uR = -25 2 V. Xc nh in p hiu dng
gia hai bn t in.
60 3 V.
B. 100 V.
C. 50 2 V.
D. 50 3 V
P=
Gii:
uR = 50 2 cos(2ft + ) (V). UR = 50 (V)
Ti thi im t: u = 50 2 ;(V) uR = -25 2 (V) u = 2uR Z = 2R
Z2 = R2 + ZC2 ZC2 = 3R2 ZC = R 3
UC = UR 3 = 50 3 (V) Chn p n D
Cu 46 : t mt in p u = 80cos(t) (V) vo hai u on mch ni tip gm in tr R, t in
C v cun dy khng thun cm th thy cng sut tiu th ca mch l 40W, in p hiu dng UR =
ULr = 25V; UC = 60V. in tr thun r ca cun dy bng bao nhiu?
A. 15
B. 25
C. 20
D. 40
Gii:
27
Ur
(25+ Ur)2 + (UL 60)2 = U2 = 3200
UR
2
2
625 + 50Ur + Ur + UL -120UL + 3600 = 3200
12UL 5Ur = 165 (**)
Gii h phng trnh (*) v (**) ta c
* UL1 = 3,43 (V) Ur1 = 24,76 (V)
nghim ny loi v lc ny U > 40 2
* UL = 20 (V) Ur = 15 (V)
U
UR Ur
1
Lc ny cos =
=
U
UC
2
P = UIcos I = 1 (A)
Do r = 15 . Chn p n A
Cu 46: Mng in 3 pha c hiu in th pha l 120 V c ti tiu th mc hnh sao, cc ti c
in tr l R1 = R2 = 20 ; R3 = 40 . Tnh cng dng in trong dy trung ho.
A. 6 A
B. 3 A
C. 0 A
D. 2 3 A
U
Gii: Dng in qua cc ti l I = P I1 = I2 = 6A; I3 = 3 A
R
Dng in qua dy trung tnh i = i1 + i2 + i3
I3
Dng phng php cng vc t ta c
I1
I = I1 + I2 + I3
Gc gia i1, i2., i3 l 2 /3
t lin tip cc vc t
cng dng in nh hnh v,
ta c tam gic u
Theo hnh v ta c I = I3 = 3 A
Chn p n B: 3A
I2
I1
I2
I3
I1
I
I2
I3
28
UR
UR
U
UC
P
= 2 (A)
r
in p hiu dng 2 u ng dy ni my pht l
Cng dng in qua mch I =
U=I
( R r ) 2 Z L2 = 2 12 2 6 2 = 12 5 (V) Chn p n C
Gii:
Do ZC = Zd = Z. UC = Ud = U. = 100I
V gin vc t nh hnh v. ta suy bra UL = Ud/2 = 50I
2ZL = ZL = 50
Vi I l cng dng in qua mch
1
L
ZL = L; ZC =
= Z L Z C = 5000 (*)
C
C
1
1
=
= 80 L(C+ C) =
(**)
(80 ) 2
L(C C )
Ud
UL
U
UC
29
5000C(C+C) =
1
(80 ) 2
C2 +(C)C -
0,125.10 3
1
1
2
=
0
C
+
C=0
2
(80 ) .5000
(80 ) 2 .5000
10 6
.10 3
.10 3
C=
0
C
=
F
8
8
8 2 .4
1
1
ZC =
= 100 =
= 80 rad/s. Chn p n A
C
ZCC
C2 +
Ud
ZC
= 50
2
UL
L
= 5000 (2) L = 5.103C (*)
C
1
1
5.103C2 + 5.103C.C - 2 = 0
02 =
L(C C )
0
ZL.ZC =
5.103C2 + 5.103
5.103C2 +
C=
1,25.
0,125.10 3
0,625.
C -
.C -
1
80 2 2
U
=0
1
=0
6400
UC
.10-4 (F);
1
1
. =
=
= 80 rad/s. Chn p n A
1,25 4
ZCC
100..
.10
ZC
= 50
2
1,25. -4
C = 2C C = C =
10 F
ZC
2
30
1
=
ZCC
100..
1
1,25
= 80 rad/s. Chn p n A
.10
125
(F) th in p hiu dng trn t c cng gi tr. in p hiu dng trn in tr R t
C2
3
cc i th gi tr ca C c th l:
A. C
50
B. C
(F).
200
(F)., C.
3
20
(F).
D. C
100
(F)
3
Gii
Ta c U C1
UZC1
R ( Z L Z C1 )
2
UC 2
UZC 2
R ( Z L ZC 2 )2
2
ZC21
ZC2 2
R 2 ( Z L Z C1 ) 2 R 2 ( Z L Z C 2 ) 2
ZC1 = 400; ZC2 = 240
2Z L Z C1 Z C 2 2.400.240Z L
R2 + ZL2 =
=
= 300ZL
Z C1 Z C 2
400 240
in p hiu dng trn in tr R t cc i th trong mch c cng hng ZL = ZC
UC1 = UC2
Thay R =100 2 ; :
ZC2 - 300ZC +20000 = 0
Phng trnh c hai nghim : ZC = 200 v ZC = 100
Khi ZC = 200 th C =
Khi ZC = 100 th C =
104
50
F F
2
104
100
Chn p n A
Cu 52: t vo hai u mch in RLC ni tip mt hiu in th xoay chiu c gi tr hiu
dng khng i th hiu in th hiu dng trn cc phn t R, L v C u bng nhau v bng
20V. Khi t b ni tt th in p dng hai u in tr R bng:
2
2
A.
10V.
B.
10
V.
C.
20V.
D.
20
V.
Gii: Do UR = UL = UC trong mch c cng hng , nn U = UR = 20V
U
Khi t b ni tt UL = UR =
= 10 2 (V). Chn p n B
2
31
Cu 53: Cho mch in xoay chiu khng phn nhnh RLC c tn s thay i c.Gi f0 ;f1 ;f2
ln lt cc gi tr tn s lm cho hiu in th hiu dung hai u in tr cc i,hiu in th
hiu dung hai u cun cm cc i,hiu in th hiu dung hai u t in cc i.Ta c :
f
f
A.f0 = 1
B. f0 = 2
C.f1.f2 = f02
D. f0 = f1 + f2
f2
f1
1
Gii: UR = Urmax khi trong mch c cng hng in ZL = ZC f02 =
(1)
4 2 LC
R 2 Z L22
UC = UCmax khi ZC2 =
R2 = ZL2ZC2 ZL22 (*)
Z L2
R 2 Z C21
UL = ULmax khi ZL1 =
R2 = ZL1ZC1 ZC12 (**)
Z C1
T (*) v (**) suy ra
ZL1ZC1 ZC12 = ZL2ZC2 ZL22
L
1
1
ZL.ZC =
suy ra ZC1 = ZL2
= 2f2L f1f2 = 2
(2)
2f1C
C
4 LC
T (1) v (2) ta c f1f2 = f02 Chn p n C
Cu 54 : Mt mch in xoay chiu gm AM ni tip MB. Bit AM gm in tr thun R1, t
in C1, cun dy thun cm L1 mc ni tip. on MB c hp X, bit trong hp X cng c cc
phn t l in tr thun, cun cm, t in mc ni tip nhau. t in p xoay chiu vo hai
u mch AB c tn s 50Hz v gi tr hiu dng l 200V th thy dng in trong mch c gi
tr hiu dng 2A. Bit R1 = 20 v nu thi im t (s), uAB = 200 2 V th thi im (
t+1/600)s dng in iAB = 0(A ) v ang gim. Cng sut ca on mch MB l:
A. 266,4W
B. 120W
C. 320W
D. 400W
Gii:
Gi s in p t vo hai u mch c biu thc u = U 2 cost = 200 2 cos100t (V). Khi
cng dng in qua mch c biu thc i = 2 2 cos(100t -) vi gc lch pha gia u v i
Ti thi im t (s) u = 200 2 (V) cost = 1. Do cng dng in ti thi im (
t+1/600)s
1
i = 0 i = 2 2 cos[100(t +
) -] = 0 cos(100t +
-) = 0
600
6
=
- = 6 2
3
Cng sut ca on mch MB l: PMB = UIcos - I2R1 = 200.2.0,5 4. 20 = 120W.
Chn p n B
Cu 55: Trong li in dn dng ba pha mc hnh sao, in p mi pha l u1 =
2
2
220 2 cos(100t) (V) , u2 = 220 2 cos(100t +
) (V), u3 = 220 2 cos(100t ) (V), .
3
3
Bnh thng vic s dng in ca cc pha l i xng v in tr mi pha c gi tr R1=R2=R3
= 4,4. Biu thc cng dng in trong dy trung ho tnh trng s dng in mt cn i
32
lm
cho
in
tr
A. i = 50 2 cos(100t + ) (A)
B. i = 50 2 cos(100t +) (A)
3
2
C. i = 50 2 cos(100t +
) (A)
D. i = 50 2 cos(100t - ) (A)
3
3
Gii:
Do cc ti tiu th l cc in tr thun nn u v i lun cng pha
I2
Khi mt cn i cc pha
220
I1 = I3 =
= 100 (A)
2/3
2,2
I1
220
I2 =
= 50 (A). V gin vc t :
-2/3 - /3
4,4
I0 = I1 + I2 + I3 = I13 + I2
I0
I13 = I1 = I3 = 100A
I0 = I13 I2 = 50 (A)
I3
0 = 3
Do biu thc cng dng in trong dy trung ho
I1
3
) (A) Chn p n D
3
Cu 56: on mch AB gm cun dy thun cm c t cm L c th thay i mc gia A v
M, in tr thun mc gia M v N, t in mc gia N v B mc ni tip. t vo hai u A , B
ca mch in mt in p xoay chiu c tn s f, in p hiu dng U n nh. iu chnh L
c uMB vung pha vi uAB, sau tng gi tr ca L th trong mch s c
A. UAM tng, I gim. B. UAM gim, I gim. C. UAM gim, I tng. D. UAM tng, I tng.
Gii:
V gin vect nh hnh v. Theo L hm sin
U AM
U
U sin
UAM
= AB UAM = AB
sin sin
sin
UA
0
Do gc , UAB xc nh nn UAM c gi tr ln nht khi = 90
B
33
ca
dng
in
trong
mch
bng
P I 02 R
=
4
2
I'
1
I
=
I =
. Chn p n D
I
2
2
A. 1
B.
U R1
U R2
0, 75 v
1
2
U C2
U C1
C. 0,49
0, 75 . Gi tr ca cos1 l:
D.
3
2
Gii:
U R1
3
16
= UR2 =
UR1 (*)
U R2
4
9
UC2
3
9
= UC2 =
UC1 (**)
U C1
4
16
16 2 2
9
) U R1 + ( )2 U C21
9
16
9
16
- ( )2 U C21 U C21 = ( )2 U R21
16
9
U2 = U R21 + U C21 = U R2 2 + U C2 2 = (
(
16 2 2
) U R1 - U R21 = U C21
9
16 2 2
) ] U R1 U =
9
9 2 16 2
UR1
9
34
Gii: Gi s in tch gia hai bn cc t in bin thin theo phg trnh q = Q0 cos(t + )
R 2 (Z L Z C ) 2 =
Gii: Tng tr Z =
215200 = 464 ()
U
600
464
ZC =
U UCmax = 400 2 (V) U
400 2 = 437,5 (V).
Z
464
600
Chn p n A
Cu 61. Ni hai cc ca mt my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c 5 cp cc t vo hai u
41
on mch .AB gm in tr thun R=100, cun cm thun c t cm L=
H v t in
6
10 4
c in dung C =
F. Tc rto ca my c th thay i c. Khi tc rto ca my l n
3
hoc 3n th cng dng in hiu dng trong mch c cng gi tr I. Gi tr ca n bng
A. 10vng/s
B. 15 vng/s
C. 20 vng/s
D. 5vng/s
UC =
E0
2
(coi in
U
Z
Vi f = np n tc quay ca roto, p s cp cc t
Do I1 = I2 ta c:
12
R 2 (1 L
1 2
)
1C
22
R 2 ( 2 L
1 2
)
2C
12 [ R 2 ( 2 L
1 2
1 2
) ] = 22 [ R 2 (1 L
) ]
2C
1C
12
22
L
2 L
2 2
2 2 2
2 22
= 2
1
1
2
2 2
2 2
C
C
2 C
1 C
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1 ( 1 )( 2 1 )
L
(12 22 )( R 2 2 ) = 2 ( 22 12 ) = 2 2
C
C 1 2
C
12 22
12 R 2 12 22 L2
35
12
22
= (2
4.10 3
L
- R2 )C2 =
(*)
C
9 2
= 2f = 2np
1
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
( 2 2 )= 2 2 ( 2 +
)=
=
(**)
2=
2
2 2
2 2 2
2
36 2 5 2 n 2
1 2 4 p n1 n2
4 p n
36 p n
9n
4.10 3
9 2
10
10
2
=
n
=
= 25
9 2
36 2 5 2 n 2
36 2 5 2 4.10 3
n = 5 vng /s. Chn p n D
R2
L
2 R2
2.10 4
1
2L
R2
2 = C 2
=
>
0
C
<
=
F loi nghim C1
LC 2L2
2L
R2
4.10 5
10 5 2 100 2 2
R2
1
CX = C2 =
F 2 =
=
= 2.1042 = 100 2 rad/s
2
4
2
LC 2 2L
Do fX = 50 2 Hz
p s CX =
4.10 5
F v fX = 50 2 Hz
36
ZL
3
ZC0
3
(**)
Z C2 0
Z C2 0
4Z C 0
R Z
3
UC = UCmax khi ZC =
=
=
ZC0
ZL
3
4Z C 0
3C 0
ZC =
C=
Chn p n A
3
4
Cu 64: t mt in p xoay chiu u U 0 cos t (V ) vo hai u mch in AB mc ni tip
theo th t gm in tr R, cun dy khng thun cm (L, r) v t in C vi R r . Gi N l
im nm gia in tr R v cun dy, M l im nm gia cun dy v t in. in p tc
thi uAM v uNB vung pha vi nhau v c cng mt gi tr hiu dng l 30 5 V . Gi tr ca U0
bng:
A. 120 2 V.
B. 120 V.
C. 60 2 V.
D. 60 V.
Gii:
Do R = r UR = Ur
2
2
L
2
Ta c :(UR + Ur)2 + U L2 = U AM
2
4 U R2 + U L2 = U AM
UA
UL
(1)
2
(2)
U R2 + (UL UC)2 = U NB
Ur
UR
Z L Z L ZC
4R 2
= -1 (ZL ZC)2 =
(**)
R
2R
Z L2
ZL4
+ 3R
ZL2
4R 2
Z L2
4R = 0
2
ZL2
2U
UA
B
UN
UC
=R
2
Do UL2 = UR2 (3). T (1) v (3) 5UR2 = U AM
= (30 5 )2 UR = 30 (V)
37
U
R
A. Na ng trn ng knh
B. on thng I = kU, k l h s t l.
C. Mt na hiperbol
D. Na elip
R 2 Z L2
u2
i2
+
=1
I 02
U 02
Gii Ta c I =
R Z L2
2
U
R 2 Z L2
Chn p n C
Cu 66. Stato ca mt ng c khng ng b ba pha gm 9 cun dy, cho dng in xoay
chiu ba pha tn s 50Hz vo ng c. Rto lng sc ca ng c c th quay vi tc no sau
y? A. 1000vng/min. B. 900vng/min. C. 3000vng/min. D. 1500vng/min.
Gii:
p dng cng thc f = np. vi p l s cp cc t. ng c khng ng b 3 pha mi cp cc t
ng vi 3 cun dy stato. Do p = 3. n l tc quay ca t trng.
50
f 50
n= =
vng/s =
.60 vng/min = 1000 vng/min.
3
3
p
Tc quay ca roto ng c n < n nn c th l n = 900 vng /min. Chn p n B
Cu 67: t in p xoay chiu u=U0cost (U0 khng i v thay i c) vo hai u on
mch gm in tr thun R,cun cm thun c t cm L v t in c in dung C mc ni
tip,vi CR2< 2L.Khi = 1 hoc = 2 th in p hiu dng gia hai u cun cm c cng
mt gi tr.Khi = 0 th in p hiu dng gia hai u cun cm c gi tr cc i.H thc
lin h gia 1,2 v 0 l :
1
1
A. 02 (12 22 )
B. 0 (1 2 )
2
2
1 1
1
1
C. 2 = ( 2 + 2 )
D. 0 = 1 2
0 2 1 2
Gii: UL =
R2 2
2
1
UZ L
R 2 (Z L Z C ) 2
L
C +
1
=
C2
4
1
. Do UL1 = UL2
R2 2
2
2
L
C +
12
R 2 (1 L
1 2
)
1 C
22
R 2 ( 2 L
1 2
)
2C
1
C2
4
2
L
L
1 12 22
1
1
1
1
2
2
(2 - R )( 2 - 2 ) = 4 2 - 4 2 (2 - R ) =
C
C
C 2 12 22
2 1
2 C 1 C
38
2
1
2
2
= C2 (2
R2 2
L
- R2) (*)
C
L
C +
C2
1
L
1
2
+
L
c
gi
tr
cc
tiu.
=
(2 - R2) (**)
4 2
2
2
2
C
C
0
1 1
1
1
T(*) v (**) suy ra: 2 = ( 2 + 2 ) . Chn p n C. Vi iu kin CR2< 2L
0 2 1 2
UL = ULmax khi
I'
=
I
U'
I'Z2 I'
13600
2 =
= =
U2
100
IZ 2 I
13600
100
13600
U2 = = 233,2 V. Chn p n A
100
Cu 69 Mc vo on mch RLC khng phn nhnh gm mt ngun in xoay chiu c tn s
thay i c. tn s f1 60 Hz , h s cng sut t cc i cos 1 . tn s f 2 120Hz ,
U2 =
h s cng sut nhn gi tr cos 0,707 . tn s f3 90Hz , h s cng sut ca mch bng
A. 0,872
B.0,486
C. 0,625
1
1
LC = 2
1C
1
D. 0,781
(1)
tan3 =
tan3 =
Z L3 Z C 3 Z L3 Z C 3
=
Z L2 ZC 2
R
32
1
1
3C
2 12
2 32 12
f 2 f 32 f12
=
=
=
=
2
2
1
f 3 f 22 f12
12
3
3
2
2
2 L
1
2C
12
3 L
f 2 f 32 f12
4 90 2 60 2
4 5 5
=
=
= (tan3)2 = 25/91
2
2
2
2
f 3 f 2 f1
3 120 60
3 12 9
39
1
25 106
cos23 = 81/106 cos3 = 0,874.
1
2
cos 3
81 81
p n A
U R 2 Z C2
R (Z L Z C )
2
1
R (Z L Z C )
R 2 Z C2
2
Z 2Z L Z C
R 2 Z C2
2
L
Z L2 2Z L Z C
= ymin o hm y = 0
R 2 Z C2
40
U L2 U C 2
U L1 U C1
; tan2 =
U R1
U R2
U L1 U C1 U L 2 U C 2
1 - 2 = /2 tan1 tan2 =
= -1
U R1
U R2
tan1 =
2
2
2
2
(UL1 UC1)2 .(UL2 UC2)2 = U R21 U R2 2 . U MB
1 U MB 2 = U R1 U R 2
4
2
2
8 U MB
1 = U R1 U R 2 .(*) (v UMB2 = 2 2 UMB1)
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Mt khc U R21 + U MB
1 = U R 2 + U MB 2 (= U ) U R 2 = U R1 - 7 U MB1 (**)
4
2
2
2
2
2
T (*) v (**): 8 U MB
1 = U R1 U R 2 = U R1 ( U R1 - 7 U MB1 )
2
2
4
2
2
U R41 - 7 U MB
1 U R1 - 8 U MB1 = 0 U R1 = 8 U MB1
U R21
=U U +
= U2
U +U
8
2 2
UR1 =
U = 100 2 (V). Chn p n B
3
2
R1
2
MB1
2
R1
A. u 60 2 cos(100t ) (V).
B. u 60 2 cos(100t ) (V)
12
6
C. u 60 2 cos(100t ) (V).
D. u 60 2 cos(100t ) (V).
12
6
Gii:
Ta thy I1 = I2 (ZL ZC)2 = ZL2 ZC = 2ZL
Z ZC
Z
Z
tan1 = L
= - L (*) tan1 = L (**) 1 + 2 = 0
R
R
R
41
; 2 = u + 2u - +
= 0 u =
12
12
4
4 12
Do u 60 2 cos(100t ) , Chn p n C
12
Cu 75: Ba in tr ging nhau u hnh sao v ni vo ngun n nh cng u hnh sao nh
cc ng dy dn. Nu i cch u ba in tr thnh tam gic (ngun vn u hnh sao) th
cng dng in hiu dng qua mi ng dy dn:
A. tng 3 ln.
B. tng 3 ln.
C. gim 3 ln.
D. gim 3 ln.
1 = u -
Gii:
Khi cc in tr u sao:
Id = Ip =
Up
R
Id =
3 Ip =
U'p
R
Ud
=
R
3U p
R
UP
= 3I
R
D. ( 3 1).104 (C )
42
U R 2 Z C2
R 2 Z C2
Gii: Khi L thay i ULmax khi ZL =
(1)v ULmax =
R
ZC
Ta c:
U UC
Z ZC
30 2
30
2ZC2 R 2 ( Z L ZC )2 (2)
ZC
R ( Z L ZC )
Th (1) vo (2) ta c:
R4 ZC2 R2 2ZC4 0 R2 ZC2 R ZC
2
UR 2
U 2 60 V. Chn p n A
R
Cu 78. Cho mch in RLC mc ni tip theo th t R, L, C trong cun dy thun cm c
t cm L thay i c, in tr thun R=100 . t vo hai u on mch hiu in th
L
xoay chiu c tn s f=50Hz. Thay i L ngi ta thy khi L=L1 v khi L=L2 = 1 th cng sut
2
tiu th trn on mch nh nhau nhng cng dng in tc thi vung pha nhau. Gi tr
L1 v in dung C ln lt l:
Do ULmax =
4
3.10-4
(F)
A. L1 = (H);C=
2
2
10-4
(F)
C. L1 = (H);C=
4
10-4
(F)
B. L1 = (H);C=
3
1
3.10-4
(F)
D. L1 = (H);C=
4
Z L1
2
Z L1
ZC
Z L2 Z C
Z L1 Z C Z L1
Z L1
2
tan1 =
=
v tan2 =
=
R
R
R
4R
4R
ZC = 0,75ZL1 = 300 C =
1
10 4
(F)
.Z C
3
Chn p n B
Cu 79.:Mch in xoay chiu gm ba in tr R, L, C mc ni tip. R v C khng i; L thun
cm v thay i c. t vo hai u on mch in p xoay chiu c biu thc u =
200 2 cos(100t) V Thay i L, khi L = L1 = 4/ (H) v khi L = L2 = 2/ (H) th mch in c
cng cng sut P = 200 W. Gi tr R bng ?
ZL1 = 400; ZL2 = 200;
43
200
=
Z L ZC
= - 1 3 = R3
4
Gii:
Z L Z C1
ZC1 = ZL - Rtan1
R
Z ZC2
tan2 = L
ZC2 = ZL - Rtan2
R
ZC1 + ZC2 = 2ZL R(tan1 +tan2)
ZC1 ZC2 = ZL2 RZL(tan1 +tan2) + R2tan1.tan2
Z ZC0
R
tan0 = L
=
R
ZL
Z ZC2
2Z
2Z
1
1
2
UC1 = UC2
+
=
= 2 L 2 C1
= 2 L 2
Z C1 Z C 2
Z C1
ZC2
ZC0
R ZL
R ZL
2Z L R(tan 1 tan 2 )
2Z
= 2 L 2
2
2
Z L RZ L (tan 1 tan 2 ) R tan 1 . tan 2
R ZL
tan1 =
44
R
ZL
2 tan 0
tan 1 tan 2
2 RZ
= 2 L2 = 2
=
1 - tan 1 . tan 2
R ZL
1 - tan 2 0
R
1
Z L2
tan(1+2)) = tan21+2) = 20 . Chn p n C
Cu 82. Cho mch in RLC, cun cm c in tr thun r . in p t vo hai u on mch
c dng u=125 2 cos100t, thay i c. on mch AM gm R v C, on mch MB cha
cun dy. Bit uAM vung pha vi uMB v r = R. Vi hai gi tr ca tn s gc l 1= 100 v
2= 56,25 th mch c cng h s cng sut. Hy xc nh h s cng sut ca on mch.
A. 0,96
B. 0,85
(1+2 )L =
tanAM =
C. 0,91
Rr
Rr
1
1
=
Z1 = Z2 1L =
- 2L
Z1
Z2
1C 2 C
1 1
1
1
(
hay ZC1 = ZL2. (1)
) LC =
1 2
C 1 2
Z C1
Z L1
; tanMB =
R
r
ZL1ZC1 = R2 ZL1.ZL2 = R2 L =
cos1 =
Rr
=
Z1
2R
4 R 2 ( Z L1 Z C1 ) 2
2R
cos1 =
4 R (1 2 )
2
D. 0,82
R2
1 2
1 2
=
2R
4 R 2 ( Z L1 Z L 2 ) 2
2
(1 2 ) 2
2R
4 R 2 (1 2 ) 2 L2
= 0,96. Chn p n A
1 2
45
Gii: Ta c: ZAM =
Z
ZL
120
R
; ZMN =
=
= 30 () (1) v ZNB = C
4
x
z
y
Khi UMB = UAB = 100 (V) th IMB = IAB = 2 (A) ZMB = ZAB = 50 ()
2
=(
Z MB
Z Z
R 2 ZC 2
R
2
) +(
) ; Z AB
= ( )2 + ( L - C )2
y
y
z
x
z
Z
Z
R 2 ZC 2
) +(
) = 502 ( C )2 = 502 302 = 402 C = 40 () (2)
y
z
z
z
ZMB = ZAB (
ZC 2
Z
Z Z
Z
Z
) = ( L - C )2 L = 2 C L = 80 () (3)
z
x
z
x
z
x
Z
ZL
R
; y=
; z= C
30
80
40
Theo bi ra 2x = z y 2
Z
Z Z
ZL
R
R
4R
= C C - L = (ZC ZL) =
.
3
80
40 30 40 40 30
R 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2 = 100V/1A = 100 ()
4R 2
) = 1002 R = 60 (). Chn p n C
3
200
=
46
UL
UL
UC
Ta c U = 240 (V); UR = IR = 80 3 (V)
U
E
V gin vc t nh hnh v:
UR = ULC = 80 V. Xt tam gic cn OME
UC
2
L
O /6
U2 = UR2 + UCL2 2URULcos =
3
M UrF
UR
U
R
=
=
UC
/6
3
6
C
N
UC
Xt tam gic OMN UC = URtan = 80(V) (*)
Xt tam gic OFE : EF = OE sin
U L U L UC
5U r
25U r2
= - 1 UL UC = (UL UC )2 =
(3)
Ur
5U r
UL
U L2
25U r2
= 10800 Ur2 = 2700 (*) Ur = 30 3
2
90000 25U r
5U r
UL2 = 90000 25Ur2 = 22500 UL = 150 (V) (**) v UC = UL +
= 240 (V) (***)
UL
Th (1) v (3) vo (2) ta c Ur2 +
UR + Ur = 150 3
Do U2 = (UR + Ur)2 +(UL UC)2 = 75600 U = 275 (V). Chn p n C
Cch 2. V gin vc t . Do R = 4r UR+r+ = 5Ur
uAN lch pha vi uMB mt gc 900 nn hai tam gic
OEF v DCO ng dng
U U L
U
U
OE
EF
OF
60 3
3
=
=
r = C
= MBr =
=
5U r
U AN
CD
CO
UL
300
5
DO
47
D
UL =
3
(UR + Ur) + UL2 = UAN2 => 25Ur2 + UL2 = 90000
25 2
25Ur2 +
Ur = 90000 Ur2 = 2700 Ur = 30 3
3
UL = 150 (V); UC = 240 (V)
UR + Ur = 150 3
Do U2 = (UR + Ur)2 +(UL UC)2 = 75600
U = 275 (V). Chn p n C
UA
UL
Ur
UL
O
UM
E
Ur
UC
UR+
C
UCUFL
U
UC
2 = u2 - i2 =
Z2 = ZL2 ZC2 = 2ZL1 - C1 ( v tn s f2 = 2f1)
2
2
U
U
50
25 2
Z1 = 1
= 25 ;
Z2 = 2
= 50 ;
I1
I2
1
2
Ta c ZC1 ZL1 = 25 ;
Z
2ZL1 - C1 = 50;
2
125
5
48
= UL
6
C
A
UM
N
O
E
- =
2 3 6
/3 Ur
UR
Ur
= 75 37,5 3 = 10
I
Cng sut tiu th ca cun dy:
Pd = I2r = 40W
/6
/6
r=
UA
UA
I
=
=
0
I 02 U 02
U 02 u 2 Z L2 I 02 u 2
300I02 3200 = 400 I0 = 3 (A) Do i = 3cos(120t - /6 ) (A)
Cu 90. Mt on mch gm cun dy thun cm c h s t cm L, t in c in dung C v
mt in tr thun R mc ni tip. Hai u on mch c duy tr bi in p u=Ucos(t). G
s LC2= 1, lc in p hai u cun dy (UL) ln hn U khi
A. Tng L dn n UL.> U
B. Gim R I tng dn n UL.> U
C
L
C. R >
D .R<
UL
L
C
Gii: Lc ny trong mch c s cng hng
UR = U.
UL > U = UR th ZL > R
L
L
L > R R <
=
. Chn p n D
C
LC
U
UR
UC
49
P
P
2
1
= 1 (A). P = UIcos cos =
=
=
R
UI
2
2
I=
I 12 I 22 =
5 (A)
)
4
50
3
N
hay khi - < <
:
4
4
Vng pha trn ng thng NN
Theo hnh v du mu ng vi du ca cos
du mu en ng vi du ca cos(- )
4
ta thy vng Y < 0
+ + +
+
+ +
) (A)
4
Biu thc tnh cng sut tc thi: p = ui = U0I0 cos100t cos(100t + ) (W)
4
in p sinh cng dng cung cp in nng cho mch khi p > 0
51
du mu en ng vi du ca cos(+ )
N
4
Ta thy vng Y < 0
M
mch hiu in th
uAB = U0cos(100t +
) (V), Bit UAN = 200V, hiu in th tc thi
12
A. i = 2 sin(100t + ) A
B. i = 2sin(100t - ) A
3
3
C. i = cos(100t + ) A
D. i = 2 cos(100t + ) A
3
3
Gii:
L;
a. Ta c: ZL = 100; ZC = 200;
C
R
Z L ZC
r
100
tanAB =
=N
M
A
B
3r
Rr
cos( +
+ +
+
+
52
tanMN =
Z L 100
=
r
r
tanAB tanMN = - 1
2
100
200
100 2
Do
=1r=
. R = 2r =
2
3r
3
3
U AB
Z
=
= 1 ( V Z = ZAN = 200 ) UAB = UMN = 200V. Do U0 = 200 2 (V)
Z AN
U MN
Chn p n D
Z ZC
100
1
b. tanAB = L
== AB = - : uAB chm pha hn i gc
3r
Rr
6
6
3
U
I = AB = 1 A
Z
Vy Biu thc dng in trong mch
i = 2 cos(100t +
+ ) = 2 cos(100t + ) A. Chn p n D
12 6
3
Cu 96: Cho mch in RLC ni tip; R = 120 3 , cun dy c r = 30 3 . hiu in th hai
10 3
10 3
1,5
1,5
C. 120V;
H;
F;
D. 60 42 V;
H;
F;
ZL
Rr
Z L ZC
tanMB =
r
Gii: tanAN =
L;
r
nn
2
Z L Z L ZC
tanAN .tanMB = -1
.
= - 1 ZL(ZL ZC) = - 13500 (*)
r
Rr
( R r ) 2 Z L2
U AN
Z
67500 Z L2
25
300
= AN =
=
=
(**)
2
U MB
Z MB
3
2700 ( Z L Z C )
r 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2 60 3
T (*) v (**) ta c ZL = 150 v ZC = 240
uAN sm pha hn uNB gc
53
L=
ZMB =
Z=
1,5
H; C =
10 3
F;
24
r 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2 = 10800 = 60 3 () I =
( R r ) 2 (Z L Z C ) 2 =
U0 = I0Z =
U MB
= 1A
Z MB
75600 =30 84 ()
2 .30. 84 = 60
42 (V)
10 3
1,5
p s: U0 = 60 42 V; L =
H; C =
F; p n A
24
54
1
3
cost1 = . Do U0R = 80 V (***)
2
2
2
2
2
U0 = U0R + ( U0L U0C) = 802 + 602 U0 = 100 V. Chn p n B
Cu 99: Mch in AB gm on AM v on MB . in p hai u mch n nh
u = 220 2 cos100t (V). in p hai u on AM sm pha hn cng dng in mt gc
300. on MB ch c mt t in c in dung C thay i c. Chnh C tng in p hiu
dng UAM + UMB c gi tr ln nht. Khi in p hiu dng hai u t in l
A. 440 V. B. 220 3 V. C. 220 V. D. 220 2 V.
Gii:
M
Z
1
tanAM = L = tan300 =
B
A
R
3
R
2R
ZL =
ZAM = R 2 Z L2 =
(*)
3
3
sint1 =
t Y = (UAM + UMB)2.
Tng (UAM + UMB) t gi tr cc i khi Y t gi tr cc i
Y = (UAM + UMB)2 = I2( ZAM +ZC)2 =
U 2 ( Z AM Z C ) 2
U 2 ( Z AM Z C ) 2
=
R 2 ( Z L Z C ) 2 R 2 Z L2 Z C2 2Z L Z C
2R
3
(***)
2R
(****)
3
Ta thy ZAM = ZMB = ZAB nn UMB = UC = UAB = 220 (V). Chn p n C
Cu 100: on mch AB gm R, C v cun dy mc ni tip vo mch c u = 120 2 cost
(V); khi mc ampe k l tng G vo hai u ca cun dy th n ch 3 A. Thay G bng vn k
l tng th n ch 60V, lc in p gia hai u cun dy lch pha 600 so vi in p gia hai
u on mch AB. Tng tr ca cun dy l:
A. 20 3
B. 40
C. 40 3
D. 60
C
L
,r
Gii: Khi mc ampe k ta c mch RC
R
A
B
U
I1 =
ZRC = 40 3
R 2 Z C2
Khi mc vn k ta c mch RCLr
ud = 60 2 cos(t + ) (V)
3
55
u = uRC + ud uRC = u ud
V gin vect. Theo gin ta c:
2
= 1202 + 602 2.120.60 cos600 = 10800
U RC
URC = 60 3 (V)
Do cng dng in qua mch
U
60 3
I = RC =
= 1,5 (A)
Z RC
40 3
U
60
Suy ra Zd = d =
= 40. Chn p n B
1,5
I
Ud
U
UR
-Ud
uL = U0Lcos(t +
). Trn th (2)
2
2
)
3
2
e3 E0cos( t+ )
3
e2 E0cos( t-
2
2
2 E0 3
) E0cost cos
E0sint sin
3
3
3
2
E 3
2
2
2
e3 E0cos( t+ ) E0cost cos
E0sint sin
0
3
3
3
2
Chn p n D
Khi
e1 = 0
cost = 0
e2 E0cos( t-
56
Ur
(25+ Ur)2 + (UL 60)2 = U2 = 3200
UR
2
2
625 + 50Ur + Ur + UL -120UL + 3600 = 3200
12UL 5Ur = 165 (**)
Gii h phng trnh (*) v (**) ta c
* UL1 = 3,43 (V) Ur1 = 24,76 (V)
nghim ny loi v lc ny U > 40 2
* UL = 20 (V) Ur = 15 (V)
U
UR Ur
1
Lc ny cos =
=
U
UC
2
P = UIcos I = 1 (A)
Do r = 15 . Chn p n A
Cu 104: Mch in xoay chiu R, L, C mc ni tip. in p hai u on mch l
u=Uocost. Ch c thay i c. iu chnh thy khi gi tr ca n l 1 hoc 2 (2 < 1)
th dng in hiu dng u nh hn cng hiu dng cc i n ln (n > 1). Biu thc tnh R
l
2
L(1 2 )
L1 2
L(1 2 )
A. R = 1
. B. R =
.
C. R =
. D. R =
.
2
2
2
n 1
n 1
L n 1
n2 1
Gii:
U
U
Ta c: I1 =
; I2 =
1 2
1 2
R 2 (1 L
)
R 2 ( 2 L
)
1C
2C
1 1
1
1
1
I1 = I2 1L = - (2L ) hay : (1 + 2 )L = ( +
)
1C
2C
C 1 2
1
1
LC =
C1 =
(*)
1 2
L 2
I
U
U
1 2
Khi I = Ic =
I1 = I2 = c =
R2 + (1L ) = n2R2
R
nR
1C
n
1 2
(1L ) =(n2 1)R2 (**)
1C
T (*) v (**) ta c (n2 1)R2 = (1L - 2L )2 = L2 (1- 2)2
57
Do R =
L(1 2 )
. Chn p n B
n2 1
Cu 105: Dng in i=4cos2t (A)
- Gi tr hiu dng l?
- Gi tr trung bnh l?
- Gi tr cc i l?
Gii: Ta c i = 4cos2t (A) = 2 (cos2t + 2) = 2cos2t + 2 (A)
Dng in qua mch gm hai thnh phn
- Thnh phn xoay chiu i1 = 2cos2t, c gi tr hiu dng I1 = 2 (A)
- Thnh phn dng in khng i I2 = 2 (A)
a. C gi tr hiu dng l
C hai kh nng :
1. Nu trong on mch c t in th thnh phn I2 khng qua mch. Khi gi tr hiu dng
ca dng in qua mch I = I1 = 2 (A)
2. Nu trong mch khng c t th cng sut ta nhit trong mch
P = P1 + P2 = I12R + I22 R = I2R I =
b. C gi tr trung bnh l
I12 I 22 6 (A)
I = 2cos2t + 2 = 0 + 2 (A)
c. C gi tr cc i l
C hai kh nng :
1. Nu trong on mch c t in th thnh phn I2 khng qua mch. Khi gi tr cc ca
dng in qua mch
Imax = I1max = 2 (A)
2. Nu trong mch khng c t Imax = I1max + 2 = 4 (A)
58
NH XUT BN TRNG HC S
***********
BI TP
V
PHNG PHP GII
BI TON IN XOAY CHIU
BIN SON: TRN DUY KHOA