--The Wireless Electricity.

By

SANTOSH KUMAR
ECE-IV B

1) History of Wireless power.

2) Need of Witricity.
3) Basic Principle.
4) Experimental Design.
5) Types of Wireless Transmission.

6) Applications.
7) Pros and Cons.

8) Conclusion.

History of Wireless Power:

In 1899, Sir Nikola Tesla
Proposed a method of Wireless
Power Transmission.
As it is in Radiative mode, most
of the Power was wasted and has
less efficiency.

The

efficient midrange power

transfer concept is Witricity. In
this model source and load are
in Magnetic resonance so there
is no power loss.

Need of Witricity:
Now a days there is a Rapid development of
autonomous electronics like Laptops, Cell-phones, Household robots and all those devices typically rely on chemical
energy storage(Battery) As they are becoming daily needs to
present generation, Wire less energy transfer would be
useful for many applications as above and they need
midrange energy.

Basic Principle:
The basic principle involved in Witricity concept is, Two
objects having same resonating frequency and in Magnetic
resonance at Strongly coupled regime tend to exchange energy ,
while dissipating relatively little energy to the extraneous offresonant objects.

Experimental Design:
Researchers used magnetic resonance coupling
to power a 60-watt light bulb. Tuned to the same
frequency, two 60-centimeter copper coils can
transmit electricity over a distance of two meters,
through the air and around an obstacle.

HOW WIRELESS POWER COULD WORK

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Power from mains to antenna, which is made of copper

Antenna resonates at a frequency of 6.4MHz, emitting
electromagnetic waves
'Tails' of energy from antenna 'tunnel' up to 3 metres
Electricity picked up by laptop's antenna, which must
also be resonating at 6.4MHz.
Energy used to re-charge device
Energy not transferred to laptop re-absorbed by source
antenna.
People/other objects not affected as not resonating at
6.4MHz.

TYPES OF WIRELESS TRANSMISSION

Near field
1.
2.

1.
2.
3.

Induction
Resonant induction
Far field
Radio and microwave transmission
Laser
Electrical conduction

Near field:
These are wireless transmission techniques over distances
comparable to, or a few times the diameter of the device(s).

1.Induction:
Inductive coupling -The action of an electrical transformer is the
simplest instance of wireless energy transfer. The primary and
secondary circuits of a transformer are not directly connected.
The transfer of energy takes place by electromagnetic coupling
through a process known as mutual induction.

2.Resonant induction:
By designing electromagnetic resonators that suffer minimal loss
due to radiation and absorption and have a near field with midrange extent (namely a few times the resonator size), mid-range
efficient wireless energy-transfer is possible.

RESONANT
INDUCTION
According to the
theory, one coil
can recharge
any device that
is in range, as
long as the coils
have the same
resonant
frequency.

Witricity Today
MIT powered 60 watt light bulb
from 2 meters (7 ft) at 40%

efficiency
MIT researchers working
improving the technology

on

Limitations of midrange power

100%
Energy
efficeincy

Exponential d^x
Decay curve

Short Mid
range range

Transmission
Distance d

Low energy efficiency !

The MIT team repeated TESLAS
Experiment in 2007
Coil radius 30cm, d = 2 meters , Efficiency
40%

Witricity
Tomorrow
1) Power from mains to
antenna, which is made
of copper
2) Resonates 10MHz
(electromagnetic waves)
3) Tunnel up to 2m (6.5ft)
4) Electricity received by
antenna, also resonating
at 10MHz.
5) Energy not transferred
to laptop re-absorbed by
source antenna.
People/other objects not
affected as not
resonating at 10MHz

APPLICATIONS

Most electric
toothbrushes recharge
Through inductive
coupling.

A Splashpower mat
uses induction to
recharge multiple
devices simultaneously

Advantages:
Unaffected by the day night cycle, weather or seasons.

This is an eco friendly system..

It is boon for the devices which uses midrange power.
With the advent of wireless communication protocols such
as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, consumers are realizing that life
without physical cables is easier, more flexible and often less
costly.
Any low-power device, such as a cell phone, iPod, or laptop,
could recharge automatically simply by coming within range
of a wireless power source, eliminating the need for multiple
cablesand perhaps eventually, for batteries.

e-waste dumping aroung

nigeria
india

china

Drastic reduction of electronic waste

Limitations:
The resonance condition should be

satisfied and if any error exists, there is

no possibility of power transfer.
If there is any possibility of very strong

ferromagnetic material presence causes

low power transfer due to radiation.

Witricity Concerns
Will it harm me?
Will it harm the environment?

Will it interfere with important

communication?

 From these researches and discoveries it can be said

that wireless power transmission is going to be a major
field of interest for scientists and for people.
Teslas resonance concept has made wireless power
possible

1. An article published in the Science Magazine as

Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled
Magnetic Resonances by Andre kurs, Science 317,
83(2007); Dol:10.1126/ science.1143254.
2. H. Haus , Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics,
Prentice hall Publishers, Englewood
3. http://electron9.phys.utk.edu/optics507/modules/m6/
coupled_resonators.htm
4. Efficient Non-Radiative Midrange Energy
Transfer by Aristeidies karalis, Marlin Soljacic.