Chemistry 101/3 Formula Sheet

General
average mass = (isotopic mass )i (isotopic abundance )i
E = hn =

l=

hc
l

n=

c
l

E = - RH

Z2
n2

1
1
DE = - RH Z 2 2 - 2 J
m n

h
h
=
p mv

Dx Dpx =

5
(F - 32)
9

C =

h
4p

KEe- = Ehn - f

D r H o ni D bond H io - ni D bond H io
react

prod

Gases & Intermolecular forces

P
RT

PV = n RT

[ ]=

w = ( rentity - r medium ) V g

R.H . =

n
P + a (V - n b ) = n R T
V

Erms =

a=2 r
123
cubic

4
a=
r
3
1
424
3
bcc

a= 8 r
1
424
3
fcc

crms =

r=

M P
RT

PH2 O ( actual )

PH2 O ( maximum, T )

100 %

3
RT
2
3RT
M

c1
=
c2

M2
M1

Chemistry 102/5 Formula Sheet

Kinetics

[ A ]t = -k t + [ A ]0

t =

ln [ A ]t = -k t + ln [ A ]0

1
1
=kt+
[ A ]t
[ A ]0

[ A ]0
2k

t =

ln ( 2 )
k

t =

1
k [ A ]0

1 D [ X ]
m
v=
= k [X]
x Dt

k = Ae

k
ln 1
k2

k E - Ea,1
ln 1 = a,2
RT
k2

Ea 1 1
=
-
R T2 T1

- Ea
RT

ln ( k ) =

Equilibria
KP = Kc ( R T )

base
pH = pK a + log

acid

Dngas

K w = K a K b = H + OH -

Spectrochemical series

I , Cl , OH , H2O, SCN , NH3, en, CN , CO

increasing splitting

- Ea
+ ln ( A )
RT

Thermodynamics
DU = q + w = DH - P DV

q = n C DT = m C DT

qV = DU

qsys + qsurr = 0

qP = DH

qcal = Ccal DT

D r H o = n i D f H io - n i D f H io

w = - Pext DV = -Dngas R T

D r H ni D bond H i - ni D bond H i

PV = n RT

DS univ = DS sys + DS surr

D r G o (T ) = n i D f Gio (T ) - n i D f Gio (T )

prod

react

react

prod

prod

DS =

DH
=

T P

qrev
T

D r Sio = n i Sio - n i Sio

prod

ln ( K ) =

react

DG o (T ) = DH o - T DS o
DG (T ) = DG o (T ) + R T ln ( Q )

react

-DH o DS o
+
RT
R

DG o (T ) = - R T ln ( K )

K DH o 1 1
ln 1 =
-
R T2 T1
K2
Electrochemistry
2.303 R T
log ( Q )
nF

DG = - n F E

o
Ecell (T ) = Ecell
(T ) -

E cell = E red (cathode ) - E red (anode )

o
Ecell ( 298 K ) = Ecell
( 298 K ) -

q=It

units: V =

J
C

A=

C
s

0.05916 V
log ( Q )
n

W=

J
s

F=

C
mol e -