ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT

Edited by

F.

GRIFFITH

Ll.

FIFTEENTH MEMOIR

THE BOOK TOMBS

OF

EL AMAENA
PAKT IIL-THE TOMBS OF HUYA AND AHMES
BY

N.

DE

DA VIES

G.

With an Appendix on

SEYMOUR

the

DE

Greek

Ginffiti by

RICCI

FORTY PLATES.

LONDON
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The

offices OF THE EGYPT EXPLORATION FUND,

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i!Y

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THE EOCK TOMBS

OF

EL AMAENA

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT

Edited by

GRIFFITH

Ll.

F.

FIFTEENTH MEMOIR

THE EOCK TOMBS

OP

EL AMAENA
PAET III.-THE TOMBS OF HUYA AND AHMES
BY

DE G.

N.

With an Appendix on

SEYMOUR

DAVIES
Greek Graffiti by

the

DE RICCI

FORTY PLATES

LONDON
SOLD AT

The offices OF

THE EGYPT EXPLOEATION FUND,

37,

Geeat Eussbll Street, W.O.

AND PiEECE Building, Copley Square, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.

AND BY
B.

KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TEUBNBR

CO., Deyden House, 43, Gehraed Stjreet, Soho, W.
QUARITCH, 15, Piccadilly, W. ASHER & Co., 13, Bedjoed Steeet, Covbnt Gakden, W.O.
AND HENRY PROWDE, Amen Coenek, E.G.
<fe

U
'

K'

LII:UAkY
Do

r^7 (V

...

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LONDON:
PRINTED BY GILBEBT AND EIVINGTON LIMITED,
ST.

John's house, clebkenwell.

DT

\i.3

EGYPT EXPLOEATION FUND

iPresiDent

SIE

JOHN EVANS,

K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., P.E.S., P.S.A.

Wicesipresi&ents

The Et. Hon. The Eabl op Ceomeb, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., K.C.S.I. (Egypt)
General Lord Gebneell, G.C.B., G.C.M.G. The Hon. Ghas. L. Hutchinson (U.S.A.)

Sm

E. Maunde-Thompson, K.G.B., D.C.L.,

Prop. G. Maspbbo, D.O.L. (Eranoe)

LL.D.

Prop. Ad. Ebman, Ph.D. (Germany)

The Eev. Pkof.

A.

JosiAH Mullens, Esq. (Australia)

H. Sayce, M.A., LL.D.

Iboii.

treasurers

Gabdneb M. Lane, Esq.

H. A. Geuebee, Esq., P.S.A.

(U.S.A.)

1bon. Secretaries
J. S.

Albert M. Lythgoe, Esq. (U.S.A.)

Cotton, Esq., M.A.

Members
T.

J.

MoBEELY Bell, Esq.

The Ebv. W. MacGeegoe, M.A.

E. Carter, Esq. (U.S.A.)

SoMERS Clarke, Esq., P.S.A.

W. E. Ceum, Esq., M.A.
Louis Dyer, Esq., M.A. (U.S.A.)
Arthue John Evans, Esq., M.A., D.
P.E.S.

Prop. Ernest A. Gabdneb, M.A.

P. Ll. Griffith, Esq., M.A., P.S.A.
P. G. Kbnyon, Esq., M.A., Litt.D.

Prof. Alexandbb Macalistbe, M.D.

Committee

Mrs. McClurb.

H. Batlis, Esq., M.A., K.C., V.D.

C. P.

of

C.

McIlvaine, Esq. (U.S.A.)

The Mabquess of Northampton,

Prancis

Wm.

Percival, Esq., M.A., P.S.A.

Hilton Price, Esq., Dir.S.A.

Sib Hbebbet Thompson, Baet.
Mes. Tirard.
P. G.

Litt.,

Emanuel M. Undbedown, Esq., K.C.

John Waed, Esq., P.S.A.
T. Hbebbet Waeeen, Esq., M.A.
E. TowEY Whytb, Esq., M.A., P.S.A.

CONTENTS

.....

List of the Plates

Preface

Chapter

PAGE
ix

xi

The Tomb of Huya.

I.

A. Architectural Features
B. The Sculptured Scenes.

The prayers

2.

A Royal banquet

of

3.

An

4.

A visit of Tyi to

5.

The reception of the foreign

6.

Huya's appointment to

7.

Huya's duties and rewards

8.

Akhenaten's link with the past

9.

The funeral rites

The funeral procession
The burial furniture

10.
11.

evening entertainment

the temple

7
tribute

office

13
.

D.

Huya

The

Appendix A.

15

16
17
17

....

The Religious Texts

12

C.

Chapter

Huya

1.

17

19

" Sun-shade " of Tyi

19

The Tomb of Ahmes.

II.

A. Architectural Features

26

B. The Sculptured Scenes.

The prayers

2.

3.

The Royal Family

Royal

of

visit to the

C.

The Religious Texts

D.

Ahmes

Appendix B.
Index

Ahmes

1.

at

27

temple

27

home

29
31

32

The Greek

Graffiti.

(By Seymour de Ricci)

34
38

LIST OF PLATES
WITH EEFERENCES TO THE PAGES ON WHICH THEY ARE DESCRIBED

PLATE

LIST OF PLATES.
PLATE

XXXII.
XXXIIa.
XXXIII.
XXXIV".

XXXV.
XXXVI.
XXXVII.
XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

W.

wall.
,,

The King and Queen driving

The same (restored)
The palace

The Royal Family

at

meat

Graffiti

*ToMB OF HuYA.

Hall and doorway of shrine

Thickness of inner wall

,,

*ToMB OF Ahmes.
*

Door and E. thickness

W. wall. The soldiery
''

Photographio plates.

PEEFAGE.
A WORK such

as that of

which the present volume forms an instalment can hardly be

advanced without incurring many obligations.

now

gratefully acknowledge, and in the

Fund

mittee of the Egypt Exploration

with

all

first

The ready

assistance

me

body
I

a photograph in Part

upper picture of Plate xxvi.)

appendix to

this

(the

volume

many

for

II.

and records of the

have to thank Professor SteindorfF

department with which he

in a

and suggestions, and

facilities

my

site at

Amarna on

the same scale.

It is

to

for permission

M. de

to

reproduce

Ricci for contributing an

M.
knowledge

peculiarly qualified to deal

is

With

of subscribers in a scientific project of this magnitude.

regard to details of the work,

is

thanks to the Com-

the thoroughness which I ventured to think such a publication demanded, but also to

privilege to serve a large

credit

my

not only to carry the enterprise so far

look forward to a completion of the whole necropolis of El

Maspero

which has been rendered

and foremost place express

for enabling

satisfactorily

to Professor Petrie for putting his

to

Mr. Griffith has been, as ever, an ideal Editor, and the

disposal.

specially his if the translations

embodied in the work have kept pace with the

linguistic

advances of recent years.

have

also to

some inaccuracies

express

my

in his great

regret to the

work

memory

of Champollion for failing to notice that

are in fact due to another

hand than

his,

and to Signor

Barsanti for being ignorant of a paper, " Sulla scoperta della tomba del Faraone Amenoji IV."
contributed by him in 1894 to the Beale Accademia dei Lincei.

Bouriant on the tomb of Rames at Qurneh {Becueil

The

articles

of the late

M,

and Revue Archeologique, May, 1882,

p. 279) should be added to the bibliography in Part I., as well as the new volume of the Institut
Francais (dated 1903, but published in March, 1905), ^^ Monuments pour servir a V etude du
vi,, p.

53,

having been courteously adopted by M, Chassinat to avoid

clashing with that of the present work.
culte d'Atonou en l^gypte"^ this title

do not

I
this

work.

feel that

At the

any apology

cost of

is

needed

some unsightliness

for the general

I feel

bound

method of reproduction employed

in

to enable the student to distinguish as

may be considered
has assured the public that I do not intend the
irregularly broken lines of an injured scene to represent the exact state of the wall, it is necessary

clearly as possible between the extant picture and any restorations that
desirable.

for
is

me

my

But

as

a distinguished

to insist that this

is

what

critic

have attempted,

to the best of

duty to be everywhere the copyist and not the

artist,

my

ability

conceiving that

or to give plain notice of the lapse.

N. DE Gaeis Davies.
^

Cited in this work as "

Le

Culte d'Atonou."

it

THE

EOCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA,

PART

III.

CHAPTEE
THE TOMB OF HUYA
A. Aechitectueal Features.
Plates

i.,

encrusted and ruinous state.

The entrance

framing, but the passage to the inner rooms

furnished with the usual inscribed portal.

The Exterior. The situation of the tomb

of Huya has been already described.^ It lies
immediately to the North of the tomb of the

Meryra ^

both tombs being very similar

and plan and aligned roughly North

and South. The tomb of Huya was probably
excavated, or at least decorated, a year or two
in type

earlier than its neighbour.

The fa9ade

is

much worn to retain inscriptions.

Inteeioe. The Hall. In the entrance way,

as in the hall within, the surface of the lower

part of the wall has scaled away badly, completely

destroying the scenes and inscriptions

there.

The

hall is

of small dimensions

originally designed

and executed

colouring must have given

it

its

cornice above the lintel

horizontal 'bands

but

bright

a very pleasing

In Plate i. I have made considerable use of plans

prepared by Mr. John Newberry in 1892.
' Part I.,
pp. 2, 7; Part II., p. 3. The tomb is No. 1
of
of the present numeration, No. 7 of Lepsius,"No. 6
L'H6te, " Tomb A " of Hay.

(red,

is

is

The

painted with nine

blue,

green,

blue,

in

order), the upright plumes being marked out by

black vertical

The pediment above

lines.

decorated with bands of floral design

of

given on Plate xxv.

it is

o.

is

a section

The architraves

are not inscribed.

The

now

too

as

from outside has no

to the hall

Hay, MSS. 29,847, foil. 46, 47 (plans).

L'HoTB, Papiers, iii. 275, 277, 278 (fragmentary)

later

aspect, in strong contrast to its present filth-

XXV., xxxvi.

Previous copies are

I.

doubt

floor of the hall is

it

very rough, but no

was originally covered with a pavement

of red plaster.

The Columns.Two columns supported

the

through architraves of rock, and the

ceiling

consequent division of the hall into a central

passage with side

aisles

was emphasised by

giving to the centre section greater height and

a gable

roof of

very low pitch.

column now remains, and

(Plate xxxvi.)

Only one

this has lost its base

the other has been destroyed

'

Part

II., p.

33.

up

to the abacus.

The

relatively

low height of

the hall entailed a certain degree of squatness,

especially in the capital, but the omission of the
tablet

from the shaft

is

some compensation
B

for

THE ROOK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

In general the column closely resembles

this.

form used

the

xxviii.),

tomb

adjoining

the

in

(II.

This adornment of

the chisel.

marked with
the capital by

sixteen overlapping sets of sheaths

but so far from

offerings], all

whole

is

effective/

eight

After having spread them round the

he cut them away again from the

capital,

stems, and then, repenting, re-

central

them in plaster. Impartial time has

now left them on one side and removed them
on the other. The colour has disappeared but
;

shown

broad base, was

tapering from a

rib,

represent the withered sheath

The Ceilings.The

(brown to

paint

in

?)

of

beloved like the Aten(?)

milk
visions

May

thy

thy

chapel

name

generation]

call

name not be

[thee

of the central aisle

and of the entrance cannot

That on the

be recovered.

soffits

is

given in

Plate XXV. A, and that on the ceiling of the

The

ceiling of the

inner shrine was decorated in the

manner shown

East

aisle in Plate

in Plate

xxv.

xxv.

e.^

to seek in thine

The design in tbe central aisle is divided in

the middle by a column of incised hieroglyphs,
and similar columns run down the centre of the
three

They

wall-thicknesses.

are scarcely legible, and I append transcripts

and translations of them with

A. (Entrance).

King's giving

(?),

place of thine.

"[A

reception af] offerings* of the

loaves, beer,

May

diffidence.

thy name

and provisions
(?)

flourish

at every

may

it

not

be to seek (?) in thine abode of eternity (?).

"For the Aa of the Superintendent of the harem, of

ends

....

[For the lio, of the]

Superintendent of the royal

harem and of the Double

Treasury and Steward in the

of

titles

ble

Huya

idea

is

taken from the single-stemmed papyrus

column.
'^

Hay

partly colours his column, but the data

seem

have been insecure.

' I hope to give coloured representations of the
ceiling
patterns of the necropolis in a subsequent volume.
* For these two very similar inscriptions consult
Plate
to

XX. (B. thickness)

%\

ii?S

IJJ
/Kl^

are legi-

other two

the

in

ff

-I

^:

cases.

The Second Chambee.

This
no

but

provided

is

1^

where the same phrases occur.

At
mouth

columns.

the Bast end the

in a ledge of rock,

of a burial shaft opens

which

is

thus

made

to serve

as a protecting parapet.

The well is almost

empty, and about 36 feet deep. The chamber
can be seen at the bottom opening out to the
West

but

did not descend.

There

is

a ledge

of rock left at the

West end of the room also

rough and too narrow to contain a
;

but

it

is

shaft.

doorway
The

M_rp

the queen-mother

of

The Shkine
'

lono

gap

abode

with shallow architraves,

K.

ceilings of the

ti

thy

Only the name and

of the architraves.

'<^

(?)].

The patterns

brilliant colours

PP

;^ii

[every

May

house

which

[burial?].

flourish [in]

may

riiAA

and pro-

(?)

thy

for

once adorned the ceiling are partially retained

soffits

m
I

and great royal wife Tyi,

Huya, maakheru in peace."

on the

C\.-

the presence] of Ua-en-ra,

stored

on each stem a central

manner

"[A reception

B. (Hall).
of

W/A

undecided whether to allow science or art to

prevail.

maa-

Huya,

(Tyi),

kheru."

things that are offered [in

that the sculptor was

realistic

the house of the great royal

wife

but the sheathing leaves of the calyx

as well as those at the base are

the Double Treasury, and of

to

(Plates

the

i.,

terminal

xix.,

xxxvi.).The

chamber

is

seldom

decorated in this necropolis, perhaps for lack of

time but here it is fully inscribed.
The form
;

of the
ally

doorway

met with

though occasionthe earlier tombs

and it

also is unusual,

in

same that
main doorways

befits the situation, for it is the

frequently given to the

is

in

THE TOMT? OF HUYA.

private houses,^

Hence we may gather that

the construction was usually in wood, though
the arch of the characteristic upper part

shrine were decorated with scenes and inscrip-

suggests that the original type was in brick-

condition induces one to suppose and while the

minute workmanship of such a scene as that on

work.

This

superstructure

seems

carry

to

The work was by no means

tions.

though perhaps better than

quality,

achieve, most of the smaller

columns

a short distance from the

purpose of

filled

The designs used

from

derived

several

open or

left

purpose are very varied

include

the

was to admit

the panels being

air,

with fretwork designs.

the

for

No doubt

here).

this fan-shaped lattice

and

light

painted

here they

the

papyrus,

cartouches, and columns.^

The jambs

decorated with blue hiero-

are

rose-granite

?)

but

have

they

been

The drum

mutilated in recent times.

much

is

made

to represent a bundle of reeds (blue with red

So weak a material can have been

bands).

used as a

only in very rude buildings^

lintel

and perhaps

it

rather represents the rolled-up

parallel blue

length.

space in

entire

It is

its

much

of the

height and

both

mutilated and the face has

thicknesses

The
three

three

the

portals,

cross-walls,

whole wall-surface of the main

and red

floor,

framed

and where space

in

39

p.

Part

II. p.

Part

hall

and the

and of the

I.,

black ink (Plate xxv.

scrawling graffiti on in

by M. de
Ricci on p. 34.
Most prominent are two rude
figures of Anubis, for which the two porticoes
of the temple (see Plate x.) are made to serve
as pedestals.
One of them sits enthroned the
other' stands.
The latter is furnished with a
shirt, and wears a hat or halo on his head, and
boots upon his feet.
What he holds in his
hand is not clear.
The names are

dealt with

B.

The Sculptured Scenes.

1.-

The Prayers of Huya.

The

Wall-Thicknesses.

Plates

ii.,

Wilkinson, Manners and Customs,

p.

fine

>.,

example

of

the true representatives of the decorated false doors of

Old Kingdom tombs.
^

Compare the common design

papyrus-heads

Kingdom
3

in

the panels

of

the tv70

of
false

joined

doors in

Old

cartouches on a

where a similar bundle

lintel.

is

seen below the

xx.,

xxi.,

previous copy is
L'HoTB, Papiers, iii. 277.
:

be convenient to deal at once with

It will

on the

the decorations

six wall-spaces

by the passages through the

of the deceased in act

prayer
figure

itself set

afforded

cross- walls.

of prayer,

figures

and by the

out in vertical columns

if

In

II., vii., viii.)

by standing

outwards as

facing

coming out

the
to

enjoy a sight of his divinity, the sun.

In this tomb, however, the figures in the

entrance

the shrine, a space elsewhere

t.o

undecorated,

times.

Of. II. xxi.,

iii.

XXX vii.

Plate xxxii. and

iii. 82; Peteib, Decorative Art, p. 95.

such a door was found this year in the
excavations of Deir el Bahri. These doors seem to be

356; L.

I.,

of

The vacant space round the altar on the Bast

wall has been utilized by Greek visitors for

these places are occupied

Cf. Plates xxvii., xxxiii.

borders

lines.

the northern necropolis (except in

'

but rudely

is

pedestal occupies

been entirely cut away.

The Sculptuee.

work

scenes cover the walls to within

permitted they were

mat which every campaigner in Egypt uses to

doorway of his mud-brick hut.^
The shrine contains a sitting statue of the
almost the

The

executed.

close the

deceased man, which with

present

its

Plate xviii. showed what care and labour could

B, D, e).

glyphs on a wine-coloured ground (representing

first

out the idea of a panelled wall in two stages,

each crowned with a cornice of uraei. In the
lower wall there are two openings (in which
are

of the

attitude

is

illustrates

face

inwards.

left

This exceptional

proper to the position, and well

the

Egyptian conceptions of

the

THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.

after-life

for

when

mummy

which haunts the

chamber

the spirit of the deceased

roam,

feels free to

sepulchral

in the

must escape by

it

the burial shaft in the middle chamber, and so

Above the head

These

air.

thus

scenes

the

indicate

a table, on which an

is

enormous array of loaves

stifily

is

round a cone or piled to that form.^

adorned with a fashionable

is

Huya's own name

turns intuard to the shrine but outward to the

open

of each

displayed

The

pile

near the top.

frill

written large over the

is

doorway.

middle chamber as the dwelling-place of the

The

texts will be dealt with

on pp.

17, 18.

dead.

The

Huya

dress of

identical in the four

is

He

wears

by a

sash,

where he comes forth to pray.

cases

South Wall.

a long robe confined on the hips

which has a decorative edging on the upper

hem and

fringed at both ends.^

is

shows a more
front than

pressed

shown

Huya

usual;

against

the

looped end

body,

the

iii.

rendering of the knot in

realistic

is

Plate

instead

The

in profile as in Plate xx.

seen

is

cone or cap

tail festal

which a

fillet

not engaged in prayer, but entering

his private room,

he wears the gown tucked up

and showing a tunic beneath

and wears four

staff

may

seems to hold a

conveniently deal here

also

with

the adjacent (South) wall of the shrine itself

Here on either

(Plate xxi.).

way

is

as he

One

ments.

is

enters

" his

his

[wife],^ the

Cf.

Part

pp. 10, 11.

of the sash is seen

The

private

On

Probably, since "sister"

sitting
*

Plate

xii.

woman.

Of. L.

the cap

is

ii.,

tombs of
resident

in

Akhetaten

the

highest

official

honour which

the

at

time of their

tomb

of the

of her household, and the special

is

accorded to her in

its

scenes,

the reign of Akhenaten

indicate that late in

new

capital,

and

even suggest that she had come to take up her

up an establishment there.''
But whether the visit of Tyi were longer or
shorter, and whether Huya or the king had the
abode or

set

greater voice

the choice

in

the walls of the

tomb,

it

is

of subjects

plain

welcomed the event and regarded

of

the

religious

of the

To

it

for

that both
as of the

the king this

open

queen-dowager's

sympathy
revolution was an event

other " his

II. xxxv., for

end
it

is

streaked with red at the top.

p. 141.

Queen Tyi from the walls of the

El Amarna shows that she was not

of

avowal

is not determined by a
Perhaps "his mother." Cf. PI. xxii.

D. Text,

figure

with the

fringe of the looped

on the Semites in

27.

the absence hitherto of any mention or

apart-

not a handkerchief as I suggested.

^

As

ii.

to

lady of the house, Tuy, maafJcheru."'^

I.,

c, d."

highest importance.

who seems

the lady

sister,

house, Un-her, maatkheru "

'

side of the door-

a kneeling female figure,

Huya

salute

100,

she paid a state visit to the

lotus in the other hand.

"We

-D., iii.

Peissb, L'Art lEgyptien,

carries a

gold bands on the

He

Plate xvii.).

also

He

it.

instead of the single bracelet

right fore-arm,
(see

flat

Lepsius,

wrist.

In the other two cases (Plate xx.), where

is

iv., v.

formation, the existence of this

and a gold bracelet on each

Huya

Plates

side.

Sepultiire, pi. 100).

keeps in

rows of gold beads round the neck,

place, four

Royal Banquet.

Wilkinson, Manners and Customs, i. pp. 470, 476.

L'HoTE, Papiers, xi. 12 (published in Am^lineau,

toilet of

completed by sandals, a long wig, the

is

Bast

Previous copies are

being

of

2.

Or a pile of loaves under a conical

Capabt, Becueil de Monuments, I. xlii.
^

'

Whence

'

"

cover.

Of.

the restoration of Plate iv.

of Tyi " is mentioned on a sherd (Peteie,

A House

T. A., p. 33, and plate xxii.), and there is a rough

cartouche of hers in a quarry from which perhaps the
stone for this house was taken {ib. plate xlii.)
The

deduction drawn from

High up

in the

it

on

same quarry

p.
is

4 seems far too bold.

the figure of a man

issuing from a door like that of Plate xix,

THE TOMB OF HUYA.

of the utmost political significance, and

could

not

but

rejoice

at the complete

tween

his

sovereign and

his

be-

The

mistress.

both king and sub-

visit to

on every wall save one, where

reflected

is

grounds

private

harmony which reigned

importance of the
ject

on

Huya

more such

jars are placed together, a strip of

cast round them,

of steadymethod
apparently as a decorative
ing these unstable vessels. Akhenaten and.

blue or patterned cloth

is

wear a simple head-dress, whereas

crowned with the double plumes and

Nefertiti

Tyi

is

another event of public interest found record.

As the pleasures of the table naturally form

the horned disc.

the most prominent feature of the decoration

Amenhetep III.), Tyi,

ever," ^
The sun extends

of the

tomb

private

at

surprising that this side of

a place in the

We

family.

times,

life

in the palace has

it

is

representations of the

meet with

not

all

elsewhere

it

King

She

entitled "

is

mother of a

Akhenaten) and great wife of a King

(i.e.

living for ever

(i.e.

over

rays

his

and
all

the participants, over their food, and over an

royal

offering

(Plate

By

which has been

set aside for himself.

of Tyi

the side

"the daughter of

sits

xxxiv. and IV, x.), and the idea of II. xxxii.

was probably borrowed from the adjoining

the (late) King, begotten and beloved by him,

wall here.

hand.*

In addition, banqueting must have

played a large part in the welcome accorded to

by Akhenaten.
scene here the King and

the Queen-mother

In the
sit

on high-backed chairs on the left-hand of

the picture, facing Tyi.^

covered with

a table

is

Nefertiti

By

the side of each

a green

high with provisions of every

stacked

and

cloth

sort.

Yet the appetite of the royal pair would seem

to justify even this enormous pile
for while
Akhenaten attacks with his teeth a broiled bone

Beketaten,"

who

receives food from her mother's

Her presence here

of

two of her nieces who

sit

by

aten

also are privileged to

The

their mother's chair.

the

who

other,

chamberlain,

mistress,

is

receiving

elder

Meryt-

or

dishes,

meats, from the corresponding

is

as

serving his

personally

the

is

much smaller,
Huya himself,

is

probably Nefer-neferu-aten.^
Tyi's

balanced by that

is

official

rather
of the

palace.

as long as his arm, Nerfertiti

an onslaught on a

makes

fair-sized bird.

as direct

Proportional

depicted by an Egyptian draughtsman,

size, as

however,
clusions,

the weakest possible basis for con-

is

and

if

we

miss a refinement which

expect, neither must

would be
settle by eye the measure
foolish

to

of

the

it

we

apparent

'

is

The

irregular

arrangement

of the

frequently seen in the Queen's

untenable supposition that Tyi was

great queen "

(i.e.

hieroglyphs which

title
'
'

gave

rise to the

royal mother of the

of Nefertiti).

The appearance

Beketaten only in the company of

"
born of Nefertiti
from her description, make it certain that she was not
the daughter of Nefertiti, and but little less than certain
that she was the daughter of Tyi.
That her father was
*

Tyi,

and the absence

of

of the inevitable "

saved Tyi from a similar charge of gluttony,

Amenhetep III. is finally proved by the sceiie in Plate xviii.

The difference of age between herself and her brother
Akhenaten (twelve from twenty-eight, say) creates no
difficulty, though she must have been born late in life to
Amenhetep III. or even posthumously. Her father need

but her action appears more genteel.

not have been responsible for the

Those who malevolently destroyed

grossness.^

the faces of the royal figures here

also is

abundantly provided

large jars

set

on stands.

may have
Drink

for each person in

Wherever two or

History,

ii.,

is

The

lion's

quite fictitious.

^ Of. the Egyptian ideas of festivity cited by Ekjian,

Life in Ancient Egypt, p. 255.

she bears here,

pp. 203-4

(contrary to

the

See Peteie,
earlier

T. A.,

p. 39).

The four daughters who are assigned to Nefertiti

tomb are probably seen on the South as on the
North wall, two on each side of the doorway (contrary
to the statement in Part I., p. 42.)
The food which was
between their hands here was only painted and has
*

head, in which Lepsius's artist, Georgi

(followed by Prisse), makes the seat of the chair terminate,
'

name

involving recognition of the cult of Aten.

in this

disappeared.

THE BOOK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.

The sceues in the background of the hall are
shown in the lower registers (Plate v.). Here
we see the larder filled with jars of beer and
.wine, boxes of cakes, tables of meats, etc., from

With

are supplying the waiters.

\vhicli officials

the precaution habitual in the East, the viands are

tasted both

by the palace

and by Huya himself

officials

after

(lower row)

them (upper row)

they are placed on the royal tables.

before

Huya

is

following

Lands

"the

styled

in

the

favourite

feet of the

every

Superintendent

place

Lord of the Two

that

of the

of Ua-en-ra,

he

royal

the

loveth,

harem, of the

performers, a harpist, two players on the lute,

The other performers

manifestly foreigners, both by dress and

and one on the

are

lyre.^

instruments (compare

Plate

vii.)

though

for

form of the lyre cannot be said to

the

Egypt, the latter appears to

from that used

in

have

foreign

been

Kingdom
origin

importation

New

in

This indication of an eastern

times. ^

supported by their

is

differ

The group unfortunately

is

flounced dress.

sculptured in the

roughest possible Avay, so that neither dress nor

The

instruments have very definite outlines.

curious head-gear, whether

a cap with a

(black), or

it

fillet

be dressed hair

round

some-

it,

what resembling the tarlush and handkerchief

which are common in Egypt to-day, is most
nearly paralleled in representations of the Shasu

(Bedawin) and the Tursha (inhabitants of Asia

Minor

?).^

It

will

be remembered that the

earliest representation of the lyre

the hands of Bedawin.

One
Treasury, and of the house of the Queen-mother

and great royal

Two

Tyi, the living one."

Avife,

ments are in attendance, the one native, the

The presence of the

other apparently foreign.

latter

might be explained by the gathering of

foreign embassies which

wall,

and

may have

is

recorded on the West

synchronized with, and

afforded a partial reason for, Tyi's

here and in Plate

vii.

visit.

But as

they are placed on Tyi's

is

men

in Plate

vii.,

Avith

both hands.

xxxiii., consists of four female

The

chief of these

will

be met with again.

may have been imposed on

Peteie,

The

It is inserted in the

Lepsius (L. D. Text,

played

has an octave of strings and

at the top

is

supported

on tAvo rods shaped like spears, instead of on the

curved gazelle's heads
it

may

Dado.

usual

with the,

removed

in

p. 139).

lyre.

be remai-ked, are designs natural

It

is

a peculiarity of this

tomb that

on the South, East, and West sides the very foot

of the wall

is

occupied by a scene in a single

which has nothing to

do, so far as can

The group

is

perfect in L'Hote's copy.

See restora-

tion above.

modern

times.

above restoration from a squeeze

ii.,

It is

may

The

T. A., pi. v.).

inscription has been

It

two

ofQcials of the

kitchen as well as on priests, for the sake of cleanliness

(see

one of whom, however,

The keyed frame

a vase.

register,

shaven head

of

naounted on an ornamental stand in the form of

is

Both,

and

It is in charge

only be steadying the instrument.

to a desert people.

vii.

and

an immense standing lyre, the

height of a man.

full

more likely to have come in her train.

Plates

in

one other at least a lyre of six strings, but the

side over against the palace musicians, they are

The court band, which we have already met

with in IL xxxii, and shall see again in

it

of the six performers bears a lute,

chief instrument

bands of performers on stringed instru-

shows

of

Eeman, Ancient Egypt, p. 253.

Of. MuLLEB, Aden und Europa, pp.
Nbwbeeby, Beni Hasan, i., xxxi.

380, 381.

THE TOMB OF HUYA.

be seen, with the scene above, or with the
of the deceased.

South

the

life

marked on

Its irrelevance is

by the intervention of the

it and the main scene.

wall

whom

[Nefertiti], living for ever

The background

and ever."
(Plate vii.) are

scenes

coloured border between

similar to those in Plate v. that

The supplementary scene on this wall shows the

summer life of the peasants in the fields. Like
the modern fellah, they have erected a little

to

shelter of straw or wattle

under a tree,

with the few utensils for baking,

exposed to the attacks of wild

outside being

beasts, a spring-trap (?)

yet none the less watch

the

which are

etc.,

The animals tethered

that they require.

all

provided

herdsman

is
is

set in the vicinity

and we

desirable,

see

away a marauding

chasing

Further

the

notice

for illumination, the jars of

wine being

are

still

strangely

ignorant of the illuminants used by the Egyp-

The supple-

noteworthy.

tians, this feature is

mentary scene below the framed picture has

perished almost to the last traces.

jackal.

afield others

4.

of their number, accom-

Visit of Tyi to the Temple.

Bast Wall.

Previous copies are

Hay, MSS. 29814,

L'HoTB, Papiers,
Sepulture, pi.

An Evening

A previous

copy

is

L'HoTB, Papiers,
Sepulture, pi.

We have

to

xii.

fol.

42.

xi.

(published

in

Amiblineau's

iii.,

101, 102.

side.

Plates

vi., vii.

of this scene

given in an

is

in-

scription in front of the King, reading

xi.

10 (published

" Conducting the great

Amelinbau,

by

to let her see her

Queen and Queen-mother,

Sun-shade

(a

Tyi,

temple or division of the

ci.).

temple)."

here a companion picture to that of

As

before,

Akhenaten and

Nefertiti,

with the two princesses Ankhes-en-pa-aten and

Meket-aten

viii.

Entertainment.

The purpose
West

South wall.

Plates

cii.).

Lepsius, D.,

(?), sit

over against their guests, the

Queen-dowager and her little daughter. The

elders have been served with wine and are
drinking it from goblets, which servants who
wait with napkins are ready to replenish from

narrow jars (cf.

IL, xxxii).

directs the servants with his

Low

As we

replenish the cups.

others or quaffing from the beer-jar.

Plate

on stands.

it

near them that the servants might see to

set

the lazy one of the number jesting with the

iv.

each

Evidently this was an evening cup, and the

lamps are

panied by the family cow, are gleaning amongst

Their men also are busy reaping,
the stubble.

3.

by

set

so

only remains

it

flaming lamp-stands,

six

having two globular jars

The women sit outside the

hut beside the bushes winnowing the corn.
hyaena or

Two Lands

he loves, the Lady of the

Huya is present and

wand

stands of eatables also

are

chairs for the use of the children,

of office
set

(?).

by the

It thus

forms part of the chronicle of the

visit

Tyi to Akhetaten, to which half the scenes of

of

Huya's chapel

is

into three parts

X.,

ix.,

xii.)

xi.)

Plate

1.

The

viii.).

divides
(Plates

the usual by-incidents (Plate

an irrelevant appendix

3.

2.

The picture
The main scene

devoted.

(lowest- register,

distinctive treatment of the

three parts here and elsewhere

may

help to fix

the responsibility for the choice of subject, in

and other tombs.

this

For the

King seem prominent

interests of the

in the

main

In

both

Huya's

scene,

who appa-

Nefertiti is
rently are not allowed the wine.
of
styled " The heiress, great of favour, lady

of
grace, charming in loving-kindness, mistress
South and North, the great wife of the king

of

from

Eestored

Lepsius

is

little

L'Hote.

(Papiers, xix.) the first

reads

and

-==-> respectively.

the

cases

In a squeeze
rather resembles ;

doubtful.

of

o,

L'Hote
and he

TEE ROCK TOMBS OP EL AMARNA.

secondary registers, while in the

OAvn in the

dado the

artist

In Plate

has been allowed a free hand.

King and

the

xii.

from

chariots

by the

stables are not forgotten

mother are

his

The three

p. 28).

royal

the

artist.

Huya's privilege, as occupier of the tomb, of

seen within the temple walls, proceeding to-

making himself prominent

in the sub-scene, has

wards a great gateway, the folding-doors of

been cleverly made use

of.

thrown open to receive them.

Avhich are

enaten

Tyi

leading

is

hand, and his

affectionately

Beketaten follows

sister

little

Akhby the

the altar on behalf of each.

Avith

Two

nurses watch over her, and there

gift

for

the

is

usual following of porters and attendants and of

officials,

military and

They

civil.

by Huya and an unnamed

the

way

fillet

his bald

who

official,

Egyptian

clad in

round

are preceded

Akhetaten.

settle in

house had

been provided for her, a shrine erected for her

worship, and the 'personnel of her household

Huya had probably

chosen.

do with

to

little

the provision of the shrine, but much, those

know

who

the East will readily believe, with the

appointments to

office in

the house.

apparently that he depicts here.

It is this

Dividing the

servants into eight classes or castes, and regard-

head and a curiously-plaited

ing the appointments to each as a magnification

of his

leg.'^

of the temple to which

are proceeding consist

the
of a

colonnaded court with a more intricate series of

or chambers beyond

courts

Apparently Tyi

but with a

dress,

bandage, like our modern putties, on one

The buildings
King and Queen

leads

had come to

Aten

it.

shines

own

he leads his underlings in

office,

homage together in their

various capacities, not unaware how much of
the gratitude of the menials was paid to him
giving thanks and

we

(So on the North wall

personally.

see

both upon the royal pair and on the building.

Huya's appointment combined with his enrol-

In the latter case the titulary runs, " The living

ment

Aten,

Sun-shade (or

&c., in the

In the former

Shade of Ra

Queen

of the Queen-mother and great

living one."

'

case,

[Tyi], the

and every-

where else in the tomb, the seat of the Aten

" Akhetaten,"

instead of

in Akhetaten."

If this is

described simply as
" the temple of

Aten

is

more than caprice, it implies that other shrines

had now been erected in the capital and had
deprived the great temple of

The

monopoly.

appendix

x., xi. will

be reserved for an

main scene shows a

The miliof ofiicials.

register below the

continuation of the train

tary escort consists exclusively of officers and

standard-bearers, but they are marshalled

trumpeter,

It

may

apparel.

who may have

in charge of

like Tyi,

by a

the same rank

(v.

to us of

five,

out of

arms the

seen, leading with upraised

acclamations of the servants.

Each picture

is

accompanied by an inscription of the form,

"

The appointment of the Superintendent of

"
the royal harem, Huya
Over each

many

group, or over

which

it

of them,

acclaims

Queen, " The ruler of the Aten

for

and

ever

"

He

ever.

"

"
!

(his)

rising (?)

written the

King or

the

he shall exist

promotes from the

She who rises in beauty

To him on whom Aten has

at

is

"
!

"

"

risen

She who

is

"

Aten

the sup-

porter of the temple of Aten in Akhetaten

The

"
!

"

inscription in front of the last

group but
one reads, " The appointment of the Superintendent of the royal harem, Huya, and of (or

be a decoration, therefore not an article of

know of nothing Egyptian akin to it, and it
;

savours of foreign (Cretan

where

Huya was

youngest ranks

(p. 19).

is left

the eight classes shown, but apparently in each

shout with

discussion of the architectural plan of the

temple in Plates

The

its

of workmen.)

Scarcely anything

')

?)

such an

was a stranger

to

We

origin.

official

see

Huya

else-

suggesting that Huya,

Akhetaten

(cf.

Plates

v., xv.).

Or perhaps not a

cry, but a label, "

The

(guild of)

porters of the temple," the guild supplying carriers both

to

Huya and

to the temple.

THE TOMB OP HUYA.

'

as

the

')

bearer of the standard

guild of saises of

The
was

inscription

probably

Aten has

'

(?)

of the

on him.'

risen

before the preceding

thus

similar,

are identified

associating

The men

by

the

Huya

of the last group

the inscription, "

Appointment

of the porters of Huya, Superintendent of the

royal

harem and

of the Treasuiy."

over their heads

preted to mean " She who

scription

upon the word

the .temple," their cry

is

by the

who pretend

jovial porters,

inter-

the supporter of

is

a play

to include

but

makes any exact description

On

Its con-

impossible,

evidently represents waterside scenes.

it

the

left is

the familiar papyrus thicket, in-

habited by nesting birds, which are being dis-

turbed by gatherers of reeds and by fowlers

who have

but probably

it

wall of netting into which

by

beaters.

where the

By

trees

not water but a

is

game

and bushes are

A hut of wattle is

being driven

is

the side of a pool or river,

of these hunters or

thick, the

camp

herdsmen has been planted.

set within a pale (?), and the

pile of fruits (?) outside

seems to indicate that

the country affords sufficient sustenance. While

the women are engaged about the camp, the
are busy capturing the fish with which

men

the waters teem.

Two

canoes are afloat, and

Sepulture,

pi. ciii.)

Lepsius, D.,

Restoring |-g

^^j

^IM

was

It

/\f^/fAf\

graph

L'Hote reads
is

(published in

Amelinbau,

Lettres jScrites, p. 69.

illustration of

describes

unique in the necropolis, as an

is

an historical event which

The

and dates.

" Year 12, the second

it also

inscription records

month

of winter, 'the eighth day.

who

gives

The King of South and North

and ever
Nefer-kheperu-ra and the Queen Nefertiti, living for
ever and ever, made a public appearance on the great
for ever

of Syria (Kharu)
and Ethiopia (Kush), the West and the East (Syria and
Ethiopia standing for the North and the South) all the
countries collected at one time,* and the islands in the
heart of the sea, bringing offerings to the King (when
he was) on the great throne of Akhetaten for receiving the

palanquin of gold to receive the tribute

imposts of every land, granting to them the breath of

life."

The movement
palace

the great dais of

to

the

of

pictures

in the picture

palace

is

from the

reception.

have

already

The
been

commented on (Part I., p. 23), but a few points

suggested by this new representation may be
added here.

The lower

section,

near which a servant

is

sweeping, shows the facade of the palace, yet

very arbitrarily.
1.

The two doors under the

loggia

window

are only put there for the sake of compactness.

The

should stand on the raised terrace,

loggia

and these doors, which are the doors to rooms

on each side of the loggia, should be placed

The sloping

ascents

led

up

to

ra

not clear enough

/VNAVNA

il

<=>

^M
I

not, as here, sideways.

prior to the

comprises this inscription and the two preceding groups, which are distinguished by him as Syrians
and Ethiopians. I see no trace of anything foreign in

them.

45, 46, 59.

xi.

these doors, but at right angles to the facade,

from a photograph by

Petrie {Bacial Types, xiv. 612) which

injury.

fol.

xiv., xv., vii.

1006. (palanquin and bearers).

iii.

This scene

accordingly.
Beading
2

xiii.,

spread their net in the pools hard by.

Further to the right what appears to be a river

of which cattle are
is seen, on the banks
grazing

Plates

wall.

Hay, MSS. 29814,

L'Hote, Papiers,

life

scene at the bottom of this wall has

apparently only a decorative motive.

dition

West

Life to the Father, the double Euler,^ Ea-Aten,

the great Queen as one of their profession.

The

The Reception of the Foreign Tribute.

5,

If the in-

correctly

is

rod.

group

standard-bearers of another guild with

in his good fortune.

the fishers are using both the drag-net and the

and the photo-

to give a final verdict

'

This

is

the literal meaning of the repeated sign of the

seated King, but really two different determinatives should

have been used to distinguish the divine from the regal

attributes of the god (see Part II., pi. iv. g, and p. 15).
*

Beading

/^

with Lepsius

THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMAB.NA.

10

The four columns

2.

should

loggia

in

four columns are

the

left of

not be seen, but

strictness

The

the two doors in a blank wall.

instead

but the

rooms/

inside the

and possibly a long one in the

state procession

open-air, fan

and shade- bearers are assiduous

in

The elaborate palanquin has

their attentions.

already been noticed.^

having taken over the common design

artist,

of the

which had the

loggia,

terrace set below

it

show the interior of the

Our artist, not being

and

doors

side

had space

xvii.),

PI.

(cf.

left to
3.

and

to right

side rooms.

put the

able to

porch in front of the loggia without mingling of

lines,

nor at the side

(as in

without

14)

II.

confusion with the columns there (as in

yet determined to put

placed
wall

it

it

41),

in front, of the gate in the enclosing

may

In face of this audacity one

II.

somewhere, has calmlywell

cease to be dogmatic in the interpretation or

reconcilement of these architectural plans.

4.

The

smaller

rooms,

ranged behind the great

of

sides

hall,

being

of

are placed on both

intervening corridor being

the

it,

instead

duplicated in order to carry out the change.^

The sleepy eunuch, who

is

as

much

of the house as its architecture,

is

to

a feature

be seen in

The

the corridor.^

As

it

was desirable

to impress

the foreign

embassies with Egypt's wealth and dignity, the

King and Queen are

reception

the

in

carried to the place of

state palanquin of precious

princesses are walking behind the chair,

by waiting-women and two nurses.

Only the two elder are named
possibly two
more were inconspicuously shown. This artist,
followed

unlike the rest, was a

little

contemptuous of the

metal, borne on the shoulders of a dozen carriers.

royal nursery, and probably might have added,

The royal

had he thought worth while, one or

public

pair

their

Akhenaten
statue,

sit side

by

habitual

sits

the

in

side,

dalliance

irksome

with fly-flap and crook

pass her

Nefertiti to

not foregoing in
for,

though

stiffness

(?),

arm round

he permits
his

A-pparently this sign of intimate union,

Egyptian statuary

affects,

ruined
*

added

waist.*

which

was considered

lend dignity to the husband.

I. xviii.,

of a

As

to the evidence of actual

this

to

was a

houses in the

city, is decisive.

The reader

will get a clearer idea of the

building

which was the original of these tantalizing plans by

consulting the diagram on p. 30, and the plan and rbstoration in Beman, Life in Ancient Egypt, pp. 177-180.
106 a

Peteib, T.A.,

Cf. L. D.,

See accompanying restoration.

iii.

to the four children

whom

at

tAvo babies

most he acknoAv-

ledges.

The officials,
shown by the

and military who are

servants,

side of the king's chair (Plate

XV.) are very similar to those seen

in the

companion picture

and noticed
tomb of Meryra."
the same Bedawi (?)

in the

The troops are entirely of

tribe, armed with the curved
of these

men

is

led

(upper row on the

by

left,

five

staff.

A long file

of their officers

Plate xv.).

In front of

them again are Huya and his fellow

preceded by six soldiers. These belong

official,

to

pi. xi.

Part

II., pi. xxxvii.

and

p. 42.

"

Ibid.

two

THE TOMB OF HUYA.

corps, but it
line to the

is

impossible to give precise out-

weapons which they

11

place of negro slaves in fetters,

first

women and

forward singly or in couples (the

carry.

An

dragged

additional detachment of this and a kindred tribe (who wear a short tunic and carry
an axe, as in II. xl.) are also ranged on the

gifts follow (Plate xv.)

other side of the King (Plate xiv.) in the same

metal-work representing typical south-country

position of trust

vegetation

they are evidently mercena-

ries in the service of

Egypt.

priest in the

spices,

which I have

arrival.

to the hilarity

two

of

set-pieces

tusks, chairs (of ebony,

hung with

no doubt),

bags of gold-dust, monkeys, leopards and

antelopes.

down elsewhere

three yokes

and rings of gold

skins

same headgear precedes the palanquin, burning incense,^ and others of his countrymen go
before and assist in the execution of a pantomimic dance (as in II. xxxviii.). This dance,
set

Less barbarous

children following in the rear).

The Ethiopian slaves are balanced by a still

greater number from Syria, drawn up in nine (?)
bands of four to six each, to await the King's

Each band

in charge of a military

is

of street-boys, seems regulated, and the per-

officer

formers are rather to be regarded as professional

or sign of any military operations,

mummers.

conclude that they are slaves or hostages, repre-

The three royal

chariots are also in

As there

and a warder.

no mention

is

it is

safest to

the procession, perhaps for show, perhaps for

senting or guaranteeing the prescribed tribute.

use on the return journey.

The picture

still

greater impression was likely to be

made by

the gifts which the tributary nations

had

brought or sent to the court of their

far

is

from showing a free bestowal

or interchange of gifts

for there are

no am-

bassadors prominent, and both gifts and slaves

are

brought

forward

by

native

Egyptians.

and which are being carried at the

Apparently then an expedition had been sent

head of the procession under guard of one of

The tribute of the North is seen on
the police.

out to gather in the tribute, not perhaps with-

comprises two

here presenting to the King the tale of each

suzerain,

one

side,

and

chariots,^ four

and a number of the elaborate vases,

probably with precious spices and un-

sacks,
filled

out conflict in every case, and the

people's due,

handcuffs.*

to execute, less for use than for purposes

few Retnu

wont

of display.

Other vases with covers and handles

too

stands for the King's inspection, together with

marks.

some

bowls of simpler form, but

perhaps with valuable contents, which are enclosed in a supporting framework.'

The tribute of the South represents a very

different type of civilization.

It consists in the

For a

parallel to this design of the King's palanquin

and the incense-bearer by Horemheb at

iii.

Silsilis,

see L. D.,

are seen, and

rows

also.

rough to allow of

The royal procession

some perhaps

The figures are far

any distinctive racial
is

directed to a

group of buildings, the largest of which

little
is

an

open pavilion, raised on a platform and approached by a

sides.

flight of steps

on each of

Twelve columns support

on each side
'

are in

all

In the topmost of the nine rows a

women

in the lowest

decorated with heads of animals are set on

large open

whether in gold or human booty.

Most of the captives are males, and

guents, which the goldsmiths of Syria were

are

officers

connect the

and low
three

walls,

its

its

roof,

four
four

topped by uraei,

columns at each corner.

121.
It is characteristic of the unpractical

Bast that the

For these handcuffs see Wilkinson, Manners and

i., p. 338, and Capaet, Becueil de Monuments,

chariots should be borne on men's shoulders instead of

Customs,

being dragged.
' Tbey are rudely cut or unfinished, besides being
jured, so that it is hard to recover their shapes.

i.,

in-

35, 36, 37.

^

Its counterpart is seen in I.

II. xxxvii.

xsxi.,

and perhaps

in

THE ROOK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA

Opposite the pavilion

is

a smaller platform with

one approach, on which a walled shrine

built,

is

containing an altar-table, heaped with offerings.^

Between the two platforms are two small

on the model of the great
court.

To

service

of these altars, and

sacrificial

mony

of

altars

altar in the temple-

right and left are magazines for the

depiction

the

of

victims shoAvs that a religious cere-

some magnitude was contemplated.

has been suggested in Part

II., p. 6,

It

that these

which Professor Petrie found at the head of the

little

this

way out of the town in

would make -an effective

Lying a

the level waste,

for a great

site

have

courtiers,

already seen

Huya among

but he was not

casual appearance.

He

satisfied

the

with this

harem

gratulations of his household and of his

on

his return

with new honours from the cere-

That he had received such, or that he

had had any part in securing the

no means certain.*
There

this,

(Plate

fields

vii.).

On

the

on which a large bird

woman

is

is

in respect of different
it

In Plate xvi,

offices.

manifestly Huya's position as Superin-

is

tendent of the Treasury of Queen Tyi ^ to which

attention

is

called.

The upper part of the scene

in both pictures

resembles closely those already interpreted in

Akhenaten and Nefertiti are leaning

detail."

from the decorated

loggia of

palace' to

the

present the collars of gold or otherwise honour

attended by their nurses, regard the scene from

behind.

Huya

by

extreme
is

stands below in act of salutation, while

a servant affixes to his dress one of the

new

rewards or insignia of

The

office

sash?).

(a

more scanty than usual, only a

bracelet being clearly shown, though an unroyal gifts seem

opened

coffer is seen below.

Possibly, as the

appointment was to the Queen-mother's house-

left

seen beside a

is

perched.

going out to labour in the

where a man
of oxen.

is

depicting the labour of the

peasant's booth or vine-trellis

tree

tribute,

remain fragments of a decorative

still

scene below

gather from the latter that the two rewards were

claimed a space also

where he might be shown receiving the con-

mony.^

but we

the favourite, and the two younger princesses,

public ceremonial.

We

and the pictorial record much mutilated

mounds

buildings are to be identified with the

great avenue leading to the tombs.^

The North wall is occupied by two scenes, the

upper parts of which are almost identical and
represent the bestowal of favours on Huya by
the King. The written statement is very meagre

fields,

already ploughing with a yoke

Further on are goats, and, after a

long gap, a vessel with a triangular

(?) sail,

hold, the

King was only indicating his approval

it registered.
The scene is explained

and having

by the

note, "

Huya

is

appointed

Superinten-

dent of the royal harem, Superintendent of the

Treasury and Steward in the house of the Queenmother,"

Huya's

prescribed form

grateful

eulogy

is

in

the

" Praises to thy ka,

Ua-en-ra, the good ruler

who

and

perhaps a house on the bank beyond,

6.

Huya's Appointment to Ophce.

North Wall.

"West side.

previous copy is
L'HoTB, Papiers, iii. 276.

Plate xvi.

The three offices,

and not the last only, must be
taken to refer to Tyi's household. So we have seen
Meryra II. holding the same offices in the establishment
of Nefertiti about this time.

(Eough sketch.)

Part

xxxiii.,

I.,

Plate

and pp.

As

'

Petrie, T. A., Plate

in Plate

xi.

(extreme

left).

xlii.

Only slight fragments remain

(lowest row of Plate xv.).
^

See page 19.

of the familiar

groups

and pp. 20-22; Part

II.,

Plates

x.,

It will be noticed that the stairs to the doors on the

platform turn inwards, but outwards in Plate xvii. This
is good proof that in fact they were at right angles to the
7

'

vi.

16, 36, 44.

fa9ade.
^

Emend

to

ra

THE TOMB OF HUYA.

makes

princes, the great Nile-god of the whole land, the

ka (or perhaps

'

sustenance

')

Thou

of all mankind.'

13

The framework

of this scene

exact counterpart of the

almost the

is

The Queen

last.

is

from the youngest ranks (Ut. from the recruits,

from the recruits '). So long as Aten dawns thou shalt be

certainly Nefertiti, though her

to everlasting," the

the two princesses here are the eldest of the four.

raisest

'

everlasting."

In the scene below

Huya

stands in a court

surrounded on three sides by store chambers,

superintending the weighing out and registration of valuables (a gold collar, several ewers

and

basins, &c.).

with

II.

It

would be in accordance

xxxvi. (perhaps an echo of these scenes),

there were depicted here Huya's retirement

if

own house

to his

receive

on

congratulations

But the
so,

to congratulate himself
his

good fortune.

adjacent wall suggests that this

but that we see

Huya

and

is

not

where

in the treasury

and in the exercise of that

which gave him the supreme place

his duties centred,

triple office

The building

in the Queen's household.

(really

four square with six chambers on each side

?) is

The elaborate decoration

I.

As

xxxi.

here a continuous portico runs

all

there, so

round the

and

column opposite each partition wall

in the middle of one side

is

door shaded by a porch outside.

There

is

flowers at the centre, differing therefore in detail

from

I. vii.

and

was in

of the side-chambers are shown,

state of the walls only enables us to see

that they are very varied, and

of the balance
is

somewhat resemble

It will be noticed that

xxxi.

of course,

totally

from

II.

xxxiv.

As the epithet " favourite of the Lord of the

Two Lands " is here added to the titles of Huya,
and numerous tokens of favour are manifest,

it

appears that he grew in the king's good graces.

This

was

title

probably

Huya's neck here

is

honorary.

purely

laden with golden collars,

and both arms covered to the elbow with armbands, four or five on each.

couched in different phrases

"

The good

ruler,

mighty

His blessing

this

time

in establishing, shining as (?)

how

the Aten, [abounding in wealth] and knowing

bestow

it,s

life

the Aten pleaseth his heart

and health

prosperity,
to see." *

is

!),

the

whom

the son

to

Pharaoh

my

is

it

Below the main scene

are Huya's chariot

and below these again are a

servants,

and

series of

groups depicting the various crafts of Akhetaten

The contents

I.

here

is

with three open lotus

circles of various colours

every

Akhetaten.

those in

which

of the balcony,

seen the entrance

probability, therefore, that the building

but the

well preserved, and consists of concentric semi-

(life,

court, with a

erased

is

destroyed on the neighbouring wall,

is

evidently built closely on the model of the

temple treasury shown in

name

is

one arm

longer than the other.

This,

admissible even with a fixed beam,

may

but the principle

be that of the shifting

Amongst them, however, and

obliterated.

in

excellent preservation except for wilful mutilations in recent

times,

a tiny picture which

is

forms one of the finest pieces of work in the

(Plate xviii.).^

necropolis

prominent

It is so

this respect that it is revealed

in

a work of

steelyard.

Unfortunately they are nearly

in full operation.

love.

The

at once as

sculptor,

seizing

the

opportunity which the subject presented, has

7.

Huya's Duties and Rewards.

Bast

North Wall.
Previous copies are

L'HoTB, Papiers,
Lepsius, D.,

iii.

side.

Plate

xvii.
3

iii.

100

276 reverse.

(Eough

Beading,

/VWV\A
I

For the

text see

I. viii.

Ti

a.

fl

written at
1
I

Emending

T^K

AAAAAA

sketch.)

'

Conjecturing

first).

(
r-w-i

Li

to

The plumes should not have been added.

Cf.

L. D.,

Cf. I. viii.

iii.

100 a; but the

most unhappy in his drawing

artist,

of the statue.

Georgi,

was

THE ROOK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

14

him

tasks

artist,

ized.

inserted a picture of a studio familiar to

room for doubt that the

not Auta himself, was one of his pupils.

for there
if

is little

human touch

a very

himself.

And

betrays, I think, the master

While no pupil would have refrained

from attaching
in the studio,

name

his

to one of the sculptors

no one but the man himself would

have written his name

In the

twice over.

name we have perhaps

second recurrence of the

work.

actually

the

With

an Egyptian's subordination of fact to

all

of

his

he has chosen to put a head twice too large

idea,

on

signature

artist's

Auta's

shoulders

than cramp his

Choosing a place where the stone

portraiture.

was of good

rather

quality,

the picture

by the care which he has spent on

is

room with two

(?)'

supporting the ceiling and having a

sanctum partitioned

Here
fiers
sits

')

off

columns
inner

little

for the master's use.

" the overseer of sculptors

'

vivi-

of the great royal wife Tyi, Auta."

He

is

on a low

stool, palette in

gaged in giving the

last

(lit.

hand, busily en-

touches in paint to a

statue of Beketaten, the daughter of his royal

patroness.

She

is

represented as a young

which she holds

girl,

further advanced and

A coarse

is

and a

en-

is

fine chisel

on the block in front of him, and in

its

side

a carefully shaped groove, apparently meant

and keep

to hold a chisel
injury.

With

these groups the sculpture of the

scenes seems to

hands, for the

edge from

delicate

its

have been

less skilful

left to

work becomes

rough that the

so

One

action of the figures cannot be determined.

upon a wooden box, another

upon stone vases, so that there is no evidence in
Avhat material the statue would be wrought.
pupil seems engaged

The

efiigy

of Beketaten

in

Auta's studio

suggests that this wall also shows

Huya

service of the Queen-mother.

is

This

in the

confirmed

....

on a work of inspection along with " the

of the great royal wife [Tyi ?]

house of recreation
ofiicial.

The

(?),

and scribe of the

Nekhtau," and another

notice which

would have taught

us the significance of the scene

is

imfortunately

much damaged. It appears to run " appointment of the workmen (?) of (by ?) the favourite
of the
dent,

Lord of the Two Lands, the Superinten&c., of the great royal wife Tyi, Huya."

The fragments which have survived show

us various workshops, where carpenters, jewel-

though a

sculptor himself, depicts, not the actual statue,

but the idea in the artist's

girl lightly

mind

robed.

figure could not be at once

spreading robes

in fact the statue

and there

show the form

is,

as

much

are busy,

metal-workers and others

and their finished productions

set out.

Ewers and basins, necklaces, pottery, chests and

Obviously the

a palm-leaf column are clear and there seems to

nude and
is little

was treated

lers (?), vase-decorators,

of the graceful

attired in

doubt that

be a metal statuette, but

as possible.

Small as

dimples on the neck have been

may have been

quite

mistaken.

as usual, the robe

being gathered tightly round the body, so as to

the figure

is

in her

(?)

It is interesting to see that the artist,

body of a

shaping a chair-leg with a light

gaged upon a head.^

lie

less special-

be meant as a symbol of nubility.

and the pomegranate

hand may

is

range was then

when we see him outside the studio, proceeding

the sculptor's tools.

The workshop

One

adze; the other

he has worked with delicate

touches, giving special evidence of his interest in

for the artist's

It is certain that the court of

home and

fostering

Akhetaten was

ground of the

arts,

and

Queen Tyi

it

would not be at

all

was one of

most ardent patrons, and that

their

surprising

if

also

indicated.

An

apprentice stands close to the master in

an attitude of closest attention. Another figure

once stood behind Auta. Further away two
other young sculptors are engaged in modest

Possibly a

trial

piece only, but such heads were some-

times included in the burial equipment. Or it is one of

those stone heads worked in the flat for inlay, numbers
of which were found in the palace ruins.

THE TOMB OF HUTA.

we

see here the craftsmen connected with her

establishment at

Akhetaten

directed and encouraged.

here

is

whom

But

if

her steward

what we

must have been

limited to the last years of the reign.

sign

of

the

harmony

perfect

It

is

between

the

Queen and Queen-mother,

great

who

Tyi,

lives for

ever

and ever."

The

see

the initial organization of her residence

in the city, her direct influence

15

illustration to this text

The picture there

the

lintel.

two

halves, that

on the

hold of Akhenaten

furnished by

is

divided into

is

showing the house-

left

that on the right the house--

hold of his predecessor, Amenhetep III.

Dowager- Queen and her son that it is Akhenaten and Nefertiti who reward Huya for his

wearing the royal insignia,

fidelity in the service of Tyi.

couch.

In the former scene Akhenaten and Nefertiti,

The King puts

his

sit

side

by

side

on a

arm caressingly round

the shoulders of the Queen, while she rests her

arm upon

Akhektaten's Link with the Past,

8,

North "Wall

The Portal.

Plates

xviii., xxi., xxvii.

Two

fragments from squeezes of the right jamb are

shown in L. D. Text, ii., p. 141.

Each jamb
inner rooms

doorway leading

of the

is

lintel

groups instead of

For the translation

crustations

see

occupied by two royal

is

the

The whole

v).

(cf. II.

By

to his.

the action of

her four

daughters,

Amenhetep

who are waving fans in

The counter-picture shows
nems cap,

III. in the close-fitting

covered with four columns of

(Plate xxvii.

The

19.)

p.

up

her hand she seems to include in her affections

sitting in a chair, as if in the act of addressing

his wife,

the foot.

knee and turns her face with

front of the couch.

the

to

and a figure and prayer of Huya at

inscription

his

vivacious gesture

usual
is

much

formal

occupies a chair facing him, with

To both

the princess Beketaten at her knee.

King and Queen the Aten

ofifers

the symbol of

device

Three female attendants are

impartially.

life

defaced by in-

and as the jambs seemed

who

added to balance the figures of the four princesses.

to repeat

Tyi

is

styled in one of those panegyrics passed

the familiar salutation of the three worshipful

powers, the Aten, the King, and the Queen,

I was

give

much

inclined, like

them no further

my

enters

showed

that,

But

attention.

though the

formula was found on the

left

"

closer

III,,

formula reads

and

expected

hand, the powers

mother Tyi.

his

The hereditary

The

great of

lady of

favour,

her beauty. Mistress of South and North, the great wife

of the King, whom he loves, the Lady of the Two Lands,
Tyi."

The

god and king' the living Ea,

two horizons, rejoicing on the horizon in the
name of the Brilliance which comes from the Aten, who
giveth life for ever and ever, the King of South and

description

of Beketaten,

"the King's

daughter of his body, beloved by him,"

the

" (Long) live the father

princess,

grace, charming in loving-kindness, filling the palace with

saluted on the right were Akhenaten, his father

Amenhetep

which a touch of chivalry

into

predecessors, to

examination of the dirty and mutilated cartouches

on Queens

for

is

time made fitting by the presence of

first

her royal father.

ruler of the

The separation of the Queen and her daughter

from the King, their uplifted hands, which seem

North, &o., Nefer-kheperu-ra Ua-en-ra, who gives life

[replaced in the second and fourth columns by the personal designation of the King] the King of South and
;

North, lord of the

Two

Lands, Neb-maat-ra f and the

Maat and Mut were abandoned

and hence the prenomen of Amenhetep

figures of the goddesses

even in
is

spelling,

given in an unusual form, while his personal

could not be cited at

(written with the

Of.

Part

I.,

p. 8

Part

II., p. 15.

It must be noticed that as the King became more and

more sensitive to any mention of the discarded deities, the
2

d'Atonou,
'

I. pi,

Cf. the

p. 7,

Cf.

Peteie, T. A.,

maat feather

in

No.

4)

name

pi. xxii.

Le

culte

XV. (not so in pi xxxvii.).

almost

and Part

all.

identical laudation of

II., p. 14.

Nefertiti

on

THE ROOK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

16

to

imply an unusual measure of reverence, and

name of the son with and

preceding those of his parents on the jamh, are

the occurrence of the

be in vital unity,

to

and

religious,

political,

dynastic, with the long line of the sons of

who had occupied

Ra

his earthly throne.

the only features which favour the idea that

King thus pourtrayed was a dead monarch

upon whose throne his son had sat for a decade.
But for this and the difficulty of reconciling
the

the situation with other records,

this

of the

at

least

intensifies

suspected facts of history.

known

or

shows strongly in

It

From

this

so

scene,

Rites.

Plate xxii.

common

in

Egyptian

tombs, though unique in this necropolis,

we

may

no

gather that the

new

had

faith

effected

change either in eschatological ideas or in burial

even at this late date in Akhenaten's reign.

The picture

B. Wall.

Shrine.

unique

two royal households would

have suggested a co-regency of the two Kings
equipoise

The Funeral

9.

what full sympathy the conforming King and his

nonconforming son were a sympathy which,
while it admitted differences, must have been

customs

and

it

was no doubt

in the matters with

concerned

this

orthodoxy

which the people really

themselves that

made them com-

paratively indifferent to the onslaught on their

based on an essential unity of thought and

This agreement had in

policy.

probability

all

taken practical shape in a co-regency, of which

these juxtaposed pictures

may

be the echo.

illustrates besides the great influence over

father

It

both

and son which history has been disposed

Amenhetep was dead but so

capable Queen survived his reign

to allow to Tyi.

long as his

only be in a technical sense that

deny a co-regency

this

at

it

may

we have

period after

to
all.

Finally the picture removes the last excuse for

doubting that Beketaten was the youngest child

Amenhetep III. and Tyi, or numbering her

among the daughters of Nefertiti. Her name
of

least to the

But

own

Here the last rites are being duly paid to the

embalmed body of Huya, before its committal
to the burial chamber at the bottom of the
deep shaft. The mummy, swathed in wrapas

crowned with the

festal cap, and furnished

an Osiris with the beard of a god, is placed

pings,

erect to receive the last caresses of friends,

and

submit to the ceremonial of the

Be-

could scarcely be said to be ended, and

indicates the

pantheon.

unabashed adherence of Tyi at

new

hind the

mummy

four

One

strations of grief.

mother of
other

is

his wife

women make demon-

man

is

')

probably the

(his)

sister seen

here than there.

an immense

"

wife (or
Tuy, maatlcheru^ (?) "
is

wall (Plate xxiii.), but her

illegible

priests.

neither these considerations nor Huya's

attachment to both households, which he

desired equally to honour and to gratify, are a

sufficient explanation of the

formal conjunction

the
the

on the opposite

name

is

even more

In front of the dead

pile of varied offerings

and

a slain ox or two, over which the officiating

priest pours a libation

faith.

'

he recites

from a hes-vuse,
the following prayer

Avhile

" M.a,j there be made for thee a dy hetep

seten of
thy bread and the beer of thy house; may there be
poured out for thee water from thy cistern ; may there

be brought to thee [fruit] from thy trees may a recitamade for thee from (?) the written lore (?) " of
Aten may food be deposited for thee on the altar for
thy ka [every day(?)] may thy name be remembered/
;

We

must regard it as
a solemn denial by the King that in removing
the capital of Egypt and making changes in its
of

names on the jambs.

religion

he had

broken

separated himself from the

continuity

in

not contested.

with
line of

the

past,

or
4 above and Plate xxi.

'

Of. p.

Emending

to

Emending

to

Kings whose

Amenhetep III. was

Through that King he claimed

his

tion be

<=^

father

''

^ ^
'=^

(]

^
O

A/V\AM

HTV

THE TOMB OP HUYA.

Superintendent

of the royal

Huya, maakheru

The power

harem and

of the Treasuries,

17

hand laying

of the dead

its

to every product of the family property

is

made
real

pathos in this attachment to the earthly

life,

and there

is

extending to a partiality for the familiar home-

made bread and home-brewed

beer,

and the

discrimination between one water supply and

another.

The
bury

objects

the

in

numerous male mourners

make the motion of pouring dust on their heads
in token of sorrow. Several wear the shoulderpriest

sash of the professional

oxen are being driven

registers below, sacrificial

and

groups.

The

connectedly

In the

mourner.^

(?)

crowds gather in

the

wailing

however, seems to occur.

on each side of

spaces

On

the sitting statue of Huya.

a chariot

is

fully

with a footstool

two

(?)

and

the right

two shrines on

below

toilet vases

West Wall.

Shrine.

much

sleds,

On

we

this wall

making

its

way

with

carrying

it

and other

joint-stools,

The

double provision seems designed for both

Huya

and

his wife.

The whole equipment

reveals a high standard

of comfort and even of luxury,

among

and the inclusion

the chattels which

is

Huya

in itself

stamp him as one of the highest

officials of his

Plate

it

defaced for recognition.

objects too

sufficient to

Procession.

traces

chairs also with footstools, staffs, sandals

of a chariot

The Funeeal

hand

a couch

is

considered necessary to his well-being

10.

left

four coffers, two

stool,

On

&c.

jars,

the

equipped with the

attached to the pole, a

inscriptions cannot be deciphered

" loud cries from the husbandmen,"

Plate xxiv.

which it was felt desirable to

chamber with the dead are ex-

on the wall

hibited

"canopic"

Behind the

Back Wall.

Shrine.

claim

much

vivid in these details

forward

The Burial Furniture.

11.

time.

xxiii.

see the funeral procession

place of burial, and

the

to

the funeral furniture

C.

There are two tables set out with

loaves and sealed jars, and eight caskets such as

1.

offerings.

might hold the embalmed viscera or the

The Religious Texts.

and

The Longer Prayers.

(Outer wall-thickness.

1.

B.

side.

Plate

ii.)^.

ushabti.

"An

adoration of Ea-Aten,

who

gives

ever

for

life

These are carried suspended from the ends of

Stems of papyrus (shown in realistic
yokes.

shining in the morning on the horizon of heaven [coming

detail in Plate xxii.) are provided plentifully,

in

and a frond

of

palm

is

seen set between two

Homage

[and ever.

to thee],

dawning

in the sky

and

peace, the Lord of Peace].

The [entire] land
assembles at thy rising, their hands [give praise] at thy
dawning
they prostrate themselves on the ground
;

baskets

piled-up

in

the

lowest

register.

Mourners, both male and female, follow the

porters in large numbers, and in token of grief
carry one or both hands to the head, or cover
Some of the rethe face with both palms.

have had names attached to them, but

"
we can now only see that one was his sister

lations

Kherpu

."

(when) thou

shinest on them.
[They shout to the
height of heaven; they receive] joy and gladness; they
rejoice

men.

see thy Majesty.

They [go

forth

(?)

Thou sendest thy

when thou reachest]

my

mansion of bliss. My spirit goes forth [to see] thy rays,

I am called by my name
to feed on its offerings.
and
;

('0

iii.
1

all

heaven, when thou hast taken the goodly road.

" Thou settest me for ever in a place of favour, in

'

Compare the sash of the mourning women

Tomb (e CuUe d'Atonou, I. vii., ix.).

Boyal

when they

rays on

in the

The
277.

from

additions to the plate are from

L'Hote, Papiers,
iii., and
brackets are supplied. Bor

duplicate text will be given in IV.

this the connections in

the opening sentences see also 11.

vii.

THE ROCK TOMBS OF BL AMARNA.

18

one Cometh at the summons.'

[I

and

rfes-beer]

milk

everything that

(?),''

which

I enjoy the things

2.

consume shens and bat and pesen bread

hot roast meat and cold water, wine and

are offered.

Shrine Door.

sanctuary

[in the

offered

is

Aten in Akhetaten.J
" For the ka of the favourite of the Lord of the Two
Lands, the Superintendent of the harem and of the
Treasury and Steward in the house of the great royal
[wife Tyi, Huya, maakheru].

1.

of the

(Left outer jamb.)

givest life]

the two
gifts

For a
PI. xxix.

side.

Plate

fuller

text

and

the good

who makes

ruler,

lord

who

princes and

and food

are offered to thy ha, provisions

my

Ua-en-ra, who
fills

Countless numbers of

lands with his beauty.

For the ha

(W.

PI. xix.

" [Praise to thy ka, Nefer-kheperu-ra

place;
2.

The Shorter Prayers.

at every

fostered me,

of the Superintendent, etc.,

Huya.

iii.)

and translation

2.

of .this prayer see

(Eight outer jamb.)

Lady

" Praise to thy ha,

p. 31.

of the

Two

who

Lands,

makes the two lands bright with her beauty, the Queen(Thickness of Inner Wall.

3.

E.

Plate xxxvii.)

side.

duplicate text in a better condition will be found in

Part

IV., Plate

and the translation

iv.,

mother and great Queen

abundant in fat things.

they abound for the ka

in a happy life, as provided with

therefore

is

pleasure and delight

reserved for that volume.

ha
4.

(W.

Plate xxxvii.)

side.

For a duplicate text and translation of this prayer see

and p. 31. The close of it gives the titles as
in No. 1 above, ending " Huya, maakheru em amakh."
5.

B.

(Thickness of Shrine wall.

"A

reception

offerings

of

of

side.

the

Plate xx.)

King's

giving,

(?)

every day

For the

(?)

"

Superintendent

of the
3.

PI. xxviii.

mistress of provisions,

Tyi,

May

(Left inner jamb.)

{a) "Praise to thy Xa, ON.! who art worshipped

every day, the sun who rises like Aten, filling the two
[seeing ?]
my lord
lands with his beauty
;

thy beauty and attending thee every day. For the ha of

the Superintendent of the royal harem of the great Queen,
Huya, maakheru."
" Praise to thy ka,0 N.
Thy ka comes in peace,
(6)
!

and provisions

bread, beer,

at every shrine of thine, that

thy [name] may thrive * in thy tomb-chapel may each

generation that is to come call thee and all living
May thy name not be to seek for thee (?) in thy
:

mansion.
of

[May

the

of

maakheru."
4.

etc.,

Huya, maakheru."

(ffl)

Plate xx.)

side.

the steward of the great royal wife [Tyi,

the Nile

Huya]
the sands of the dunes

Thou

in millions

(Eight inner jamb.)

"Praise

givest (?)]
'

after victory

I attend

Superintendent of the treasuries of the great Queen, Huya,

made] for thee a dy hetep seten

bread .... and beer of thy house. For

"

and ever, while

For the ha

there be

the Superintendent,

(West

Court of Festival.

thee in the

the ha of the favourite of Ua-en-ra, beloved by his Lord,

6.

for ever

Nile-god

more than
he dawns

thy

(to)

me

ha,

favour.

Prospering

'

{b)

"Praise to thy Aa,

to see, the ha of the

N.,

Loved

without

[life]

my

[who

lord

like

Aten

!
'

"

ceasing

N., the Light

whom

whole land

it

is

to thee

for ever."
5.

shalt be to eternity
(a)

(?).

to

(Upper

lintel.)

" Praise to thy ka,

the lord of Fortune,

living Aten, lord of eternity

who

causes Plenty and makes the

two lands bright by his beauty "
!

(b)

" Praise to

horizons
'

^.

Eeading
|

'^

that there

is

an

for

<="

(I
.^

" milk."
(a)

Supplying

"

Eestoring

Emending

^
\^
to

risest

Disc, ruler of

lovely,

two
and

Ua-en-ra, the good ruler

who

and

art

radiant,

the

error
6.

iii.

Thou

ha,

gleaming for ever and ever."

The determinative suggests

here and in IV.

thy

(Lower

"A

hntel.)"

dy hetep

seten,

makes princes and fills the two lands with his ha, the
King of South and North, Nefer-kheperu-ra Ua-en-ra

^^

Copied also in L. D. Text,

II., p.

141.

THE TOMB OF HUYA.

" kdy hetep seten,
He who is great in duration
I give praise to thy fair face. I propitiate
thy ka every
day, the good ruler, Akhenaten, great in his
duration."
'

'

19

not only linguistic

difficulties are
is

for

Khu'a

manifestly the messenger of the Babylonian,

not of the Egyptian King, whose envoys are

7.

(Inner Door.

Foot

" Praise to thy

the

prosperity, health

thy son

jamb.

Ua-en-ra

Tea,

ruler

of right

the

of

Plate xxvii.)

Thou

risest

Grant

entire land.

Khamashshi and Haai (Khay?).

living

a very probable messenger of the

seems to have been always in the Queen's, not

and a happy existence

The appearance of the

picture in Huya's tomb counts for little, for
Meryra II. records what is almost certainly
King's

the

ha of
Superintendent of
the

the favourite
of

Ua-en-ra

of

the

(?),

the Queen-mother and

Queen Tyi, Huya."

The corresponding prayer on the

great

jamb

left

is illegible.

the same

service.

we may be fairly
Huya would have made himself
Indeed,

event.

certain that

much more prominent

D. Huya.

The

is

life,

(?)

"Por

Huya
He
King's.

Nor

in the scene

able to do so with any truth.

broken in

had he been

Unfortunately

our record

is

(1)

tomb are
Superintendent of the Royal Harem.

Even

(2)

Superintendent of the Treasury.

tion of the

name Khu'a could be a transcripEgyptian name Huya, the identifica-

titles

given to

Huya

in his

the three offices being held in the house of

mentary
the

To

Tyi.

these are added

epithets,

Two

the compli" Favourite of the Lord of

Lands," and "Following the feet of

the Lord of the Tavo Lands."

The

activity of

Huya was

thus confined entirely, so far as

know,

the

to

Beyond

of

service

we

Queen-mother.

the

the

Queen Tyi would

tion with the steward of

(3) Superintendent of the house (Steward),

Queen

if

this part of the picture.

fall far

short of certainty.

The tomb

of

Huya

is

the only completely

finished one in the necropolis,

and

still

as the burial

chamber

burial scenes pictured,

it

is

North or South,

provided and the

may be

considered

probable that on his death his body found

itjp

hoped-for resting-place there.

these pictorial records of his relations

to both royal households,

we know nothing

of

Appendix A.

him whatever.
It is true that

he has been recognized

The

"

Sun-shade

"

op Tti.

in the

(Plate

viii.)

Khu'a who is mentioned in a letter of Burnaburias, King of Kardunias, to Akhenaten, as

" Khu'a, my messenger." ^ But it seems im-

pictures of the temple of the Aten, there are

possible to admit this.

several representations of its Lesser Sanctuary

so far
as

it

from thinking of
possible

Professor Steindorff
it,

who

is

that he would regard

name Huya may be

name of an Egyptian

that the

represented by Haai, the

ambassador

is

mentioned

dispatch as well as in several

in

the same

The

others.**

It

has been pointed out that, beside the

only.*

full

The question arises whether the depiction

" Huya " has little to do with the pronunciation.

know only the skeleton vocables of the name, H

Khu'a (Hu'a) does not

better rendering

fit

this at all.

Khaai (Haai)

We
-f-

is

1.

but, as Professor Steindorff observes,

more likely to represent the Egyptian name which

on our system is written Khay. (Editor)].
* Part
II.,
Such representations are now
p. 20.
available to the reader in Plate xxx., and in Le Culte
d'Atonou, I., plate i., and p. 18. In the toinb of Pentu
this is

'

Budge, History

of Egypt,

PBEO, Struggle of the Nations,

iv.,

pp. 128, 129

Mas-

p. 327.

Amarna Letters, No. 9 (Berlin, No.

WiNCKLBE, Tell el Amarna Letters, p. 19.
^

Tell el

6).

See

Dr. Geo. *A.

Beitrdge zur Assyriologie, i., p. 331.
Eeisner is also strongly opposed to the identification.
3

[The

conventional

transcription

of

the

name

as

(IV. v., vi., vii.) the picture of the Shrine is too much
broken to be of material help, and the whole scene is

negligeable,

THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

20

of the " Sun-shade " of

Queen Tyi

in fact

is

not yet reached the gates, tables of offering,

a part or the whole of this same sanctuary, or

cupboards, and a small shrine

a different building altogether.

far as can

comparison of Plate

with Plate xxx.

viii.

2.

fill

the space, so

be seen.

The Inner Court

(Plate x.).This space,

accepting this "Sun-shade" as a separate temple

more the building behind, as shown

by Huya, differs so much from the standard

and admitting considerable structural

picture, that I

shows at a glance that the choice

familiar building the

in the

same general model

tomb

as in the picture in this

altera-

As we have

tions in the old building.

more

between

lies

as it

is

itself

secondary temple devoted to the same end (the

cult of royal statues)

" Sun-shade

of

"

as

we know

that the

Merytaten was a division of

the great temple

and

that

functional alterations

be made clearer

III. XXX.

we should

For

Plate xxx. intelligible.

if

picture in

no violence

done to either picture in the attempt to

is

re-

concile them, the result of the study will be

almost equally instructive, whether this build-

prove

ing

reconstruction

of

the

Lesser

Sanctuary, or a diiFerent erection of the same

type.

The abbreviated

pictures

show three

ways, with three spaces within them.''

gate-

These

correspond to
(1) The Entrance Gateway, admitting to
THE OuTEU CouBT (the wholo of the Great

Sanctuary being omitted).

(2)

The Gateway

in

the Dividing Wall,

which admits to the Innee Court.

Colonnaded Gateway, through

which the Lessek Sanctuaky is entered.
The Great Sanctuary
1. The Outer Court.
(3)

The

which occupied

this court is

omitted as

irrele-

and the space occupied by the royal

party.
In Plate xxx., where the visitors have
vant,

'

The second gateway

is

omitted and the two courts

joined into one in the Eoyal Tomb.

p.

20

of Part II. should be consulted,

fication of the "

Sun-shade " there

is

The diagram on
though the identi-

doubtful.

might without great

The

24)

if

But

now

difficulty fall

identity of the site will

we merely

lines of the representations

fl

make the

it

II., p.

a reconstruction of a colonnaded

into place here.

consider what changes would be necessary in

the Lesser Sanctuary to

may be

see that

seem to have taken place

in the latter, it seems advisable that

it

have suggested (Part

court of the Greater Sanctuary.

as therefore structural or

still

take the main

THE TOMB OF HUYA.

now

2]

only pai-tially preserved i; but from the

remains it seems certain that the statues of

paraphernalia of sacrifice are

Amenhetep

there.*

son,

III. alternated

and that

with those of his

the female statues are repre-

all

were in the enclosure previously

(3)

The Sanctuary

sentations of

Queen Tyi, associated with her admitted that this

husband and her son alternately. She is styled facie resemblance

the Lesser Sanctuary

needed transformation,
radical.

names with

out of which

name

of

Amen

his father,

who

prejudice against the

prevented this in the case of

is

simply named, " King of the

South and North and Lord of the Two Lands,

Neb-maat-ra," The two Kings are distinguished
also

by

their dress

for while the son

wears

The

original plan

Beyond

It

Yet the

(e.g. I. xxxiii.).
if

extensive,

is

not at

all

was that of a central court,

rooms
lay

this

(Plate xi.).

to earlier representations of

beloved of him, [Tyi,J living for ever " in the

second, the epithet "mother of the King" is
added. While Akhenaten is given his two
full titulary,

to be seen

still

must be
picture presents little prima

in the first case, " the great wife of the King,

;

but the other

opened on three

another building,

sides.

accessible

only from outside the sanctuary through an

intervening corridor.

In Huya's building (assuming the identity

of the two) this outer edifice has been

thrown

the hhepersh helmet as usual, the father wears

THE LESSEE SANCTUAEY.

the close-fitting headdress ending in a queue,

which

his

son

rarely

crowned with the two

dons.^

The Queen

is

feathers, as is her almost

invariable wont, and a long red sash confines

A white

her robe at the waist.

with short sleeves and reaching to the knee

The

indicated under the robe.^

with an upright

is

statues are left

support behind them, as

stone-

figures.

The King

single base,

but pro-

customary with standing

is

under-garment

and Queen appear on a

bably they are separate statues standing side

by

side.

In the centre of the court a

less

ornate copy of the high altar in the Greater

Sanctuary was

'

The

greater

set,

number were

in paint only,

and many

The supposition of
Lepsius that the king, a princess, and the deceased
occupied the third space at the foot of this plate was due
filled in

with green paste.

to his being misled

(L.
3

by the

scribal error

D. Text, II., p. 140).

He wears it, however,

^.

for

THE " SUNSHADE " OF

of

(For the
the cartouches seem to have been left blank.
The hieroglyphs in
clearest, see Plate xxv., graflSto 2.)
the oblong placards, small as they were, were all incised

and then

replacing the tables which

^,

into the

TYI.

main sanctuary by making through-

corridors

Then the

on each

side

partition

of the

walls

central court.

between the small

rooms were thrown down so

as to convert the

four rooms on each side into two, and the two

back rooms into one.

in the statue in the

Louvre

no independent evidence is afforded by this.

For a tracing of one of the groups on a larger scale^
The details of the figures and of the
see Plate xxv. g.

Another change was the transference

of the

so

columns

are generally in red paint only.

The parapet

formed

of black

of the stairway to the altar seems to be

and red stone alternating with white.

THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

22

enclosed porticoes from the outside to the inside

Something akin to

of the gateway.

had always existed there

closure

(cf.

this en-

Part

pp. 25, 26), and the alteration caused very

The

disturbance to the plan.

statues,

II.,

little

however,

privacy, to screen off the

no one entering would command a view

That secrecy rather than
of the interior.
safety

aimed at

is

and to

not the same as those that stood in the old.

doorway

in front

They

of the

reception of

gifts. ^

statues of Akhenaten

King with

from the piercing

by three
It

left.

doors, in front,

obvious that the

is

would almost nullify the use

But

screen.

be noticed that

will

it

between the opposed doorways

which

Besides, they are no longer

like erection,

and Merytaten

as a screening

(Nefertiti?).

plain

is

of this covering wall

to right,

hold altars between their extended arms for the

set a pillar-

is

plainly to be interpreted

is

partition within

the vestibule,

topped by warning uraei.^

The

alternates with one wearing the hhepersh helmet,

gateways to these four rooms

is

and

due to the caprice of the

it

the croAvn of uraei and plumes

not far to the

is

conclusion that the

groups are those of Amenhetep with Tyi and

Akhenaten with Tyi,

as in the

The two-plumed head-dress which the

Queen wears is also much more characteristic of
Tyi than of her daughter-in-law.^ The other
statues which will be met with in this sanctuary

The main

first,

The

son.

comment, but the towered

gateway

Avith

but,

first

shrine

is

where a pair of royal

table of offerings, flanked

(I.

already inside the gate of

xxxiii.

and plans above).

It

the in-

not the

injury to the

identification.^

it.

statues

stand,
is

by an altar statue of
Queen on the other.

An

we have met with

to
it is

Within the shrine

backed against a screen.

demands

the sanctuary

owing

gained through a central

a King on one side, and a

Such a construction

Here,

but could not be reached directly from

The

curious annexe, which admits to each of them,

interpretation.

Egyptian

That lay immediately behind the

one.

court,

furniture of the four side rooms needs no

corporation of the annexe behind,

statues are effigies of Tyi, associated with those

husband and

interest in this, as in all

we should expect

as

seen, so that it is probable that all the female

of her

fond of

back of the old building, we find a shrine,

at the

final

differ in

is

temples, lay in the axis of the building.

appearance from those already

do not

probably only

who

artist,

of the

size

elaborating them.*

new colonnade

outside.

rooiti,

so that

which Huya shows under the new portico are

are different in form, being figures which

doorway of a

prevents further

sculpture

This door also appears to be

screened.

should represent a gateway in an outer wall, with

a

waUed enclosure

We

before (or perhaps behind)

it.

Cf.

Plate xxxiii. and Part

II.,

Pis. xix.,

24, 38, for screening walls, similarly

cannot allow that the outside walls of the

sanctuary were pierced to give access to un-

important rooms.

them must
and as there was

The entrance

have been from the corridor,

to

But a
in

We

implies a vestibule within the room.

that

learn

it

was customary,

for

thus

reasons

of

parallel absolutely exact is furnished

section.

by the house

Pbteib, T. a.,
*

Yet

pi. xl. (cf. also No. 17, pi. xlii.).

has a hint of something peculiar in the

II. xix.

gates here.
^

no space there for a forecourt, the drawing

xxxvi., pp.

shown by

In PI. XXX.

we

see a

similar

table

in the court,

mounted on a low platform and flanked by two

These
statue on each
statues.

may

pairs of

well be the same, there being one

of the four sides.

In

PI. xxx. the

arms

are outstretched; they probably therefore hold altar-slabs.

The head-dresses there

'

We

know

which are nearly always furnished with a

rock-stelae,

pair of
2

them (King and Queen) on

JTefertiti

stelae

the exact form of such statues from the

Tyi

is

wears plumes in
rarely in

either side.

and on the rockany other head-dress.

I. xxvii.

faintly suggest

that the statues

were groups of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. But in the

Eoyal Tomb {Le Oulte d'Atonou, I. i.) the two statues
are similar and male.
If a former statue of Nefertiti was
retained here, it may have been a reason for providing a
shrine for Tyi behind.

THE TOMB OP HUTA.

Two side-corridors lead to the space behind.

Here, forming a long gallery which may be a
reminiscence at least of the former corridor, is

23

a series of some eight altar-statues, the Queen

The inadequacy of the conventions employed

by the Egyptian draughtsman and the caprice
shown in their employment have afforded us
frequent ground of complaint in dealing with

(Tyi

the plans of the temple and palace

alternating as before with the

?)

In the centre
wall.

a naos standing free from the

is

It is set

on a corniced platform to which

three or four steps lead up, and

round,^

doors

There

no sign of

is

two Kings.

giving

is

admittance

its

walled
in

being ceiled.

all

front.

Inside

is

a simple table of offerings, shut off from prying

eyes by a screen.^

An

unusual feature here

royal statues on the steps.

but probably

the erection of

is

Four are shown,

they did not stand in

as

file

two and two on each side of the

" Statues " I have said, but in truth

glaring in the inability or neglect to indicate

any way, even when drawing an

in

there

nothing to

is

prevent us from seeing

them four royal personages, except the

difficulty of granting the existence of two Kings

in

Their hands are

together at this time.

tended and bear offerings on a

same grounds
represent

Tyi as

As columns

wife

III.

can even be suspected.^

attitude

suggests

and

the

Sun

King.

to find the statues

facing

outwards

;*

the

that they were not placed

make

of the " Sun-shade " with the Lesser Sanctuary

or a part of

it,

the omission of the

Sanctuary must not weigh with us at

gifts,

may

still

(1)

be urged against

it,

eternally in the temple of the

Aten

in

all,

since
It

however, that

Such reconstruction is unlikely

in so short

(But unroofed courts are easily re-

a period.

many

signs of the King's

(2) There were certainly other shrines in

Akhetaten, and perhaps even a number of " Sun-

shades" (Part

but to enable

acceptable offering to

Greater

that occurs in all the abbreviated (?) plans.

rapid changes, even in buildings.)

there to receive worship and

the royal spirits to

In estimating the value of this identification

mother

of a

single

main building is out of the

question.
The shrines and the small chambers
round central courts seem the only parts of the
building, beside the colonnades, on which a roof

modelled, and there are

and

any

of the

division

and Akhenaten, with

One would have expected

within the naos

are only employed here and there

in the temple, the roofing over of

the

as before I conclude that they

Amenhetep

both

On

slab.^

ex-

elevation,

whether the building was roofed or hypaethral.

depicted, but

stairway.

they are

(3)

II., p. 26.)

The omission by Huya of the inner court

with the great stela and the statue

(But the

artist is

is

strange.

omitting everything except the

Akhetaten.

new

The corniced wall is only shown in section at the

back. But a back wall only and front gates would be

tion

The corniced

line

above a building only implies a corniced

absurd.

outer wall.

We

might expect a simple guide in the

^
'

Of. Plates xiv., xxx. (broken)

and

I.

xxxii. (centre of

features introduced in

honour of Tyi.)

have roofed in the side chambers in the reconstrucon p. 40 of Part I., but on somewhat slender grounds.

difference

of

entrances

gate-posts indicating a walled

Meryra's house). The central structure in the building

shown in Part I., p. 40, is on essentially the same

But

model.

I.

See remarks below on remains found in the ruins.

* In the accompanying plan of the sanctuary I have
not interpreted strictly the eastward (shrine-ward)
position of all the statues in the portico and colonnade
and may be
it is none the less a little unexpected

admit to roofed buildings, then not a single chamber in

the temple was ceiled. If it be claimed that the store-

intentional.

doorways with lintels a roofed building.

I. xxxii. gives us hope of such a reservation,
proves it vain and if open gateways at least never

enclosure, but
if

xxxi.

chambers must have been roofed,

it

can only be replied

that pains are taken in II. xxxvi. to

chamber was open

e

Peteib, T. a.,

to the sky.
p. 9.

show

that such a

THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

24

The probability is that such a peristyle

court would not be a forecourt, but placed within
(The temple of the Aten was of a
a temple.

new

more nearly approaching that

type,

Deir

little

the titulary

is

of the temple of the

Aten

in

Professor

Petrie,^

the

outer

described

wall

forms

by
an

marked by numerous

few sculptured blocks was found here.

(Eight such are pictured on

The

one

female statues,

of five

first shrine.)

Fragments of a

and Queen.

Nothing but a

chips.^

with the Maft

shown on each side.)

flat slab with two hands underneath
with the names of Akhenaten and
(Compare the statues noticed in the

(Peteie, T. A.,

end remains of a small sandstone temple,

far

Nefertiti.

(6)

at the

enormous rectangular oblong, enclosing

(5)

inscribed

Since the plans give no decisive result, let us

As

five statues

(Fifteen are

sitting.

omitted in this tomb only.

turn to the ruins themselves.

Fragments

(4)

regard to structural accuracy.)

The mention

(6)

Fragments of

each side.)

picture seems modelled on early designs, which

paid

Huya).
or nems head-dress.

(The

does not show, these alterations.

later,

of

presumably

is

(Seven

such are pictured on each side of the temple by

(3)

The Royal Tomb, which

(5)

statues wearing the khepersh helmet.

Bahri.)

el

Fragments of the upper parts of seven

(2)

(4)

great limestone

stela

honour of the King

(Compare the great stela which
xii. 1, 2),

in

stood in the court.)

(7)

Scarcely a fragment of lower parts of

save

those

holding slabs were

main space of the enclosure was covered Avith

statues.

chips (possibly from altars), but no signs of the

altar statues,

walls of another sanctuary, of pylons, or dividing

the elbow, which could be utilized for building.)

Fragments of a limestone
and a sculptured block of one of Akhen-

walls were
stela

met

"with.

successors

aten's

were the

discoveries.

sole

This

(All

and formed a

pillars.'

from this spot.

but a heap

most astonishingly precise

confirmation of the pictorial records was derived

made.

Two

shown by Meryra

Queen Tyi," pictured by Huya,

the

colonnade of

the great temple enclosure.

for Professor Petrie,
(1)

back of

Mr. Carter, working

found here

Fragments of a

King holding the crook and flail. (Compare

the statues of Akhenaten (?) in the portico,

of a

Peteie, T.A., pp. 7, 10, 11, 18, 19, 43.

See also Erbkam's earlier plan (L. D., i. 63, 64).
3 The former perhaps were meant to receive obelisks
the latter, probably, to raise this end of the temple above
the soil. This hypothesis is confirmed by pictures which
show the temple on a platfprm reached by a sloping ascent
1

(IV.

xviii.,

XX

for the statues seen in

Huya do

Le CuUe d'Atonou,

I. xliii., xlv.).

not

and Osirian figures of

seem

to>

be

I.

xxxiii. are.*

But we cannot separate the two parts of the

design of Huya, nor would it help us to do so.
The second qualification is that another site
could be found in the city,

xxxiii.)

I.

represented by the discoveries, while the stela,

statue,

colossal limestone statue

have to be

remains correspond to the

Firstly, the

it as

at the

qualifications

sanctuary as shown by Huya, but to the court of

outside the wall yielded remains which

strongly support us in placing the " Sun-shade of

just

was found anywhere

of a temple such as this

else in the city, the

for,

while next to nothing suggesting the presence

Near the entrance were enormous foundations

of concrete, and the lower part of innumerable
These results are very meagre

overwhelming

seems

evidence

below

solid block

if

necessary, for Tyi's

The coincidence then becomes

each of the statues

still

more exact

for

Akhenaten, except the colossi,

would be represented by the fragments viz., five life-size
altar-statues with tlie helmet, one holding a slab (No. 1
of

one colossal Osirian figure (out of

and one double life-size figure (the statue near the
No. 2 of Petrie).
of Petrie's hst),

four),
stela.

THE TOMB OF HUYA.

" Sun-shade"; viz., that of the smaller

"Temple"

of Petrie's and Erbkam's plans.

25

Tyi, and that in the centre of the court "

"

It is an enclosure
divided into three courts, entered by as many

the altar would stand

pylons, the last containing traces of a sanctuary.

and black stone parapet noticed

Professor Petrie found nothing worthy of record

Huya's

on the

is

site,

but Lepsius, half a century

earlier,

lay fragments of black

and red granite (compare the

picture).^

negatived

where

But

by other

this

altar

with a red

in the court of

slight

features

similarity

and

cannot

places in the back court the ruins of a sand-

seriously detract from the strong evidence for

stone

the other

shrine,

something of the shape of the

Lesser Sanctuary.

He

also

records

saw near the entrance fragments

that

site.

he

of stone with

the names of the King and Queen and also of

'

L. D. Text,

ii.,

p. 124.

26

CHAPTER
THE TOMB OF AHMES
A. Architectural Features.

Exterior (Plates xxvi.,

is

xxvii.).

West

situated a short distance

of Meryra,

the

high-priest

South

There being a corner of steep

West.

cliff

tomary in

had

to

be done to gain

sale in

which was made

a vertical face of
so

levelled,

debris cast out

from the

was occupied

in

shelters, the stone walls of

The entrance

the spot.

later

which

portal,

times for

still

cumber

on each

corresponding

height,

consists

framing slightly recessed

of

(Plate

for a

simple

xxvii.),

The Hall

(Plates xxvi., xxxviii.).

of which

is

chambers and

sun-god by means of the

of the

crowned hawk

is

entiation of the

employed

^
;

flat at

as also the differ-

The doorway has been

mutilated by the cutting of a fanlight over it by
some later occupier, and more recently by the

jamb.

translation of the texts will be found on

Two

the other.

Wall Thicknesses (Plates xxviii..

'

The tomb

Cf. pp. 9, 15.

is

No. 3

No. 4

of Lepsius.

Eeasons have already been given for making this

that of Pentu the earhest in this group, dating
from about the ninth year of the King (Part II,, p. 7).
3

tomb and

which at

the

recesses cut in the Bast

tomb

as a

dwelling.

The Inner Rooms.

access

The

by a short passage

further door gives

in the wall to a second

corridor at right angles to the former, contain-

The

ing the place of sepulture.

burial shaft

descends from a bank of rock at the East end

filled, it

p. 32.

ceiling,

strongly arched, becomes almost

is

though partially

Interior.

corniced framing

wall bear witness to the use of the

"father" above them.^

left

its

disc-

two determinatives of the word

removal of a large part of the

The

xxxviii.).

South end

up with the doorway

entirely taken

touches of Ra-Aten the early spelling of the

name

This has

the form of a lengthy corridor, the further end

and

be noticed that in the car-

ceiling

of colour.*

(Plate
will

The

something, in parts, of the original brightness

to the inner
It

Fortunately the

and photographs.

decorated with inscriptions in the style already

familiar.

purpose of

for the

here retains portions of the painted design and

side of

which the wall of rock has been dressed

But

most instances recoverable from

in

earlier copies

excavation,

executed in the best

and brightly coloured.

1893 (Plate xxxvii.).

texts are

and enlarged by the

entrance

they were cut to pieces in the great theft of

at

of quarrying

The space

the required height.

sides of the

this situation,

style of the period

inscriptions

amount

this point, only a small

Both

once contained the figure and inscription cus-

tomb
the tomb

faces

it

1)'

(-

xxix., xxxviii.).

The
of

II.

nearly thirty

The design

feet.

is

At

is

the

other end

in three panels, as in I. xxxix.,

pattern closely resembles pattern

open to a depth of

there

of the

and the

but the green

of the border has been covered over by drab, and the

hearts of the diamonds, instead of being blue and red, are
red, vrith the inmost diamond picked out in white.

THE TOMB OF ASMBS.

corridor a few feet of a second and perhaps
later shaft

have been cut in the

They are out

of place here, being taken over from the class of

hall

(cf.

this cross corridor

IV. xiv.).

formed the main

doorway

in the axis of

the tomb leads from this corridor to the shrine,

and the

ceiling

is

here heightened to give the

The Prayers of Ahmes.

1.

in the wall behind the shaft.

tomb where

The Sculptured Scenes.

B.

At each

floor.

end of the corridor an imitation portal has been

hewn

27

The Thickness

Outer Wall.

of the

For previous copies see

Plates xxviii., xxix.

p. 31.

The two figures of Ahmes which occur here

His decorashow the usual dress (cf. p. 4).
row of
of
a
double
consisting
only
tions are few,
gold beads round his neck but he carries on
;

aspect of a central
shrine (Plate xxvii.)

is

with in the tomb of

Huya

been

left

The

aisle.

portal

of the kind already

met

(Plate xix.), but has

A mistake

unfinished.

of the

was made by

cutting insets in the transom and

filling

them

with the dad signs, columns, and sa or signet

which should have been put in the panels

above.
They were afterwards obliterated with

his

back the insignia of his

secured to a

offices,

The fan

strap which passes over his shoulder.

indicates his position as fan-bearer

hand of the King

on the right

the long-bladed military axe

shows the command of soldiery which

his other offices necessarily

this

involved, or

and
ren-

signs,

plaster,

but are

now

partially revealed.

The

shrine contains the usual seated statue of the

deceased

man

it

appears to have been as well

executed as the material permitted, but has

been badly mutilated.

A rough

cut in the floor before

it,

libation.

The roof

is

basin has been

dered him liable

A list

to."

of the titles of Ahmes

of the prayers will be found below, pp. 31-33.

The device oh the East side for filling up the

space by bars of colour (blue,

superfluous
green,

red)

blue,

at

arched.

paralleled,

is

according to Lepsius, in a tomb of El Bersheh.^

Pivot-holes in

was closed by folding doors.

The whole tomb is laid out with great accuracy, and the walls are cut true and smooth.

2.

West Wall.

Royal Visit to the Temple.

Upper

[No previous

Plates xxx. to xxxii.

half.

xvii. 4)

took squeezes, and the former

plaster cast, of

which Stbindoeff publishes a

made a

given a fine coating of plaster, but the decora-

photograph in his Blutezeit

which they were meant

On

to receive

was only

the East side

some

The

a, xxxix.

Lepsius and

copies have been made.

L'Hote {Papiers,

In the outer corridor the wall-surfaces were

very partially applied.

intervals

as if for purposes of

the floor of the entrance show that the chamber

tion

and a translation

d.

Pharaonenreichs, p. 155.]

greater part of this picture

On the extreme right

it

is

preserved.

was never even sketched,

traces of red paint indicate the King, Queen,

or has utterly faded away.

and three princesses under the radiant sun. All

the rest is blank, and the clean surface proving

(Plate xxxii.)

nal red ink sketch.

too great a tempation to visitors in the days of

are finished with extreme care and are well-pre-

the Ptolemies, they scratched their names over

served,

the whole space (see Plate xxxv. and p. 34).

and squeezing to which the scene has been sub-

On

the "West side the greater part of the upper

two designs which were projected

served to us in ink or sculpture, and
of the

fragment of the lower.

is

pre-

also

The remaining space

is

jected.

graffiti.

ably free from

dirt.

All the walls are remark-

partially preserved in the origi-

The

soldiers (Plate xxxi.)

though somewhat injured by the casting

The temple

(Plate xxx.) as far as the

second pylon and the division below

'

covered with

is

The royal chariot

Cf. I. XXX.,

L. D. Text,

is

but

and Wilkinson, Manners and Customs,

p. 196.
2

it

ii.,

p. 136.

THE BOCK TOMBS OF EL AMAENA.

28

and has besides had large parts

half-finislied,

away by

cut

of the picture
is

The

thieves.

existence of the rest

as the surface

was not suspected,

But chance

to all appearance quite blank.

observation showed

me

that parts of the design

The

chariot

immediately preceded by a

is

who run

troop of foot-soldiers,

Although

xxxix.).^

the

habits

had conformed

there

it

could only be recovered by blindly

following the lines on the wall with a pencil,

less by
The drawing thus recovered

visit to

the sanctuary of the royal

It

statues in the temple,

though we are not aware

of anything in the career or offices of

Ahmes

Avhich could be an occasion for its insertion here.

Its

prototype seems plainly to be the scene in

the tomb of Mahu,^ though the design

siderably altered, and
for the

was

still

x.,

x.a

freedom, the

Ahmes and

two princesses

been sketched with great

head and neck

showing great

superiority of outline over other designs.

initial

ink,

his

The horses which draw the

royal chariot have

The

sketch seems to have been in faint yellow

corrected and redrawn

is

clear that the four files contain ten

man

each, the last

men

being an Egyptian armed

with falchion and baton

the three lower rows

holding a baton only

is
;

man

the eleventh

manifestly an
in

the top

in

officer,

row the

by the trumpeter, who must be in charge of the

whole escort. The rear men of the files thus
seem here to take the place of our non-com-

probably showed

train.

well have excluded professional blunders.

further changed

attendants, or perhaps the other

and their

Ahmes

corresponding place has evidently been vacated

tombs of Panehesy and Meryra (L,

lost part

Since

artist.

con-

is

II. xiii.).

The

symmetry and divergence

a mixture of

not caprice, has guided the

may

one of a state

revealed here,

which strongly suggests that knowledge, and

the frequent

is

is

is

had some military command or supervision, he

their colour than their texture.

guided

Egyptian

of

draughtsmen preclude easy confidence that an

actual military organization

wall that

two detach-

ments, headed by a trumpeter (Plates xxxi.,

at least had survived, yet in a yellow ink which

so exactly to the colour of the

in

in red

but both

have had to be used in Plate xxxii., and

this,

missioned officers

elsewhere they are not so

employed, but either in regiments or on police

duty.

They may have been a crack regiment

appointed to positions of trust, and placed here

as a rear

guard or

as instructors to the irregular

troops.

The detachments seem to be composite.

Each is led by six Egyptian spearmen, and
the standard-bearers of the six regiments they

There follow them representative

taken with the indistinctness of the lines in

represent.

parts, must do some injustice to the Egyptian

non-Egyptian regiments, which

were perhaps attached to the native regiments

The

artist.

personages

of the royal

figures

soldiers of the

were rubbed out in the general defacement of

the monuments after the King's death, and they

in equal

have had to be restored (Plate xxxii.A) by help

The King and Queen
of the design of Mahu,

Syrian spearmen, a negro bowman, a Lybian

archer

are represented as chatting face to face in the

an Egyptian sergeant

car,

while the

little

Merytaten, whose head

reaches with difficulty over the rim,

is

numbers (or in half their strength).

In the upper detachment we see two bearded
with

characteristically
(?)

shaped

bow,

whose presence here

breaks the symmetry, and a second negro with

interested

in the prancing horses.

'

IV.

XX.,

xxii.

{Le

Culte d'Atonou,

I.

xlv.,

xlvi.).

' For the trumpeter

compare Plate xii. and Wilkinson,
Manners and Customs, i., pp. 192 (a very similar picture

Hence Merytaten only is seen, and in her parents' chariot

whereas the Northern tombs show the princesses in their

to this), 456, 457

own

two trumpets being used

cars.

tation in Plate

Le

xii. is

Culte d'Atonou,

I.

ii.

The

represen-

curious, as one can hardly imagine

at once.

29

THE TOMB OF AHMES.

a club.

In the lower detachment are three

great royal statue show,

is

the gateway which

Syrian spearmen, two Ethiopian bowmen, and

admits to the court of the Lesser Sanctuary

a negro with a club

the third

Each

to those above.^

appearance

all of similar

officer is

thus in charge

is

of ten men, a favourite military unit.

The standards
them

to assign

regiments

It

of

seems most reasonable

Egyptian

to the six (or twelve)

for the pictures do not enable us

essential divergence in this picture

from

the other plans, a comparison and explanation

are of the five types which

occur in these tombs.

no

There

the gateway of that building.

is

and

which will be found in Part

II.,

pp. 20-28, and

on pp. 19-25 of this volume.

The space between the first and second gate-

ways (down

to the

bottom of the Plate)

is,

then,

to allot distinctive standards to the foreign corps.

that occupied already or destined to be occupied

be noticed that some of the standard-

Some of the objects

seen here are afterwards shown in that building,
and the two sets of lavers seem by their posiThe mutilation of
tion to imply its existence.

It will

and elsewhere, have a

bearers, here

different

dress from the rest.

As

in

I.

x.A, the cortege is

met

at the gate of

the temple by the military guard and by the

officials,

who approach

presenting bouquets and

and

offering sacrificial birds

court, close

(PL xxx.).

cattle

acceptance in the inner

Other beasts await

by the slaughter-house.

All

is astir

within the temple, servants running through

the great gates of the courts in haste to

ready for the royal

by the Great Sanctuary.

the wall prevents us from

altar

presence of an altar of another type

very unlikely.

enclosure, but with the whole of the Greater

It

seems that this

due only

is

it

note the player on

who

here supplement

the harpers' choir in the inner court.

make
3.

Sanctuary absent.

make

We may also

the lute and his chorus,

The Royal Family at Home.

the temple

is

the great

if

was shown, but duplicate pictures and the

visit.

The building here depicted

knowing

economy of space, the Smaller Sanctuary being

the object of visit. The absence of any traces

West Wall

Lower Scenes.

previous copy is
Hay, MSS. 29814,

Plates xxxiii., xxxiv.

fol.

26

(partial) .=

to

Of the scene which was destined

to cover this

of the walls of this building in the ruins of the

part of the long west wall, only a small part of

temple might make one suspect that the pictures

of the Great Sanctuary in the tombs of Meryra

the ink design was ever carried out with the

and Panehesy only represent the unexecuted

plans which were in the hands of these priests,

sculpture too has been defaced in ancient,

and that

But

was

it

in reality never carried out.

in face of the extensive building in the city

and the mention

of the Aten,

tomb

of

this is

scarcely likely,

Mahu shows an

pylon which
(IV. XX,, xxi.

The

of several shrines in the temple

first

it
:

and the early

elevation of the great

would be hard to explain away

Le Gulte d'Atonou,

gateway

is

I. xliii., xlv.).

the outermost entrance

the second, as the lavers, the choir, and the

For such mixed troops

d'Atonou,

I. iv.

cf.

I.

x., II. xvii.

Le

Gulte

and what was unexecuted

chisel,

From

again in recent times.

remains,

it

the

erased.

the

little

The
and
that

seems likely that the picture was

connected with Ahmes'

for

is

existing

fainily seated at

office

fragment

meat in the

as

chamberlain

shows

the royal

hall of the palace.

The remainder would probably have depicted

Ahmes

waiting on his sovereign, the reward of

his assiduity in this office,

gratulations received

mark
'

of favour.

The princess

and perhaps the con-

by him

at

home on

this

The contemporary tomb

in Plate xxxiv.

and the upper part

Plate xxxiii. have been restored from this source.

of

of

THE ROCK TOMBS OP EL AMARNA.

30

Pentu

somewhat similarly illustrated, but

equally unfinished and injured. It has a scene
in which the royal pair are seen at meat, and
is

another in which they

sit

in the hall, as here,

bestow rewards on their servant (IV.

and

viii., x.).

This picture of the palace differs in certain

respects from the pictures already seen, being

THE TOMB OF AHMBS.

who

apparently

sits

on the ground and leans

The Men's Apartments.

As

fosters]

this division

almost an exact counterpart of the sets of

is

rooms

(3)

and

(4) above, I conclude that it is

the men's side of the house.

Plate xxxiii. exhibits an interesting feature
in connection with the vault of heaven, which,
as

is

customary,

is

stretched above the scene,

its

At

tains.

This tree occurs

placed.

and a shrub are

their foot a tree

again in a similar

Karnak in
the tomb of Ay.^

position on a block of this date from

Cairo Museum, and also in

M. Maspero recognizes

in this tree one of the

two " sycomores of malachite " which grew at

the spot where the sun entered and left the
upper world.^

[prostrating themselves to

who

them,

shining

by thy

guidest

thy beloved

forth,'!'

forth

Thou

from thy mouth.

The Religious

burial after old age in the

have completed

(East Wall-thickness.

Previous copies are

my

"Thy
lords,

setting

iii.

is

Euler of the

iii.

of

cliff

with happiness, being an atten-

life

every day."

(West Wall-thickness.

2.

Previous copies are

Plate xxix.)

BuETON, Excerpta, plate vii.

L'HoTB, Papiers, iii. 287 "
(figure and titles).

Thy dawning
for ever

Lettres Sorites, p. 75

Lands.

Aten,

Lord

of

[When thou traversest

Two Lands and the

the upper regions*] in peace the

'

L. D.

106a.

iii.

(Two

trees

the

sky

wrongly

Bevtte Critique, Nov. 7th, 1904

they are referred to

M.
in the Book of the Dead, chapters cix. and cxlix. b.
Maspero is misled when he supposes that this tree has
been omitted in the tombs already published by me.
evidently belongs to the earlier series of designs

the mythological detail was banned.

3 The restorations in the plate are from

It

They

all

kinds of

are lively

down [when] thou settest.

" Thou givest thy beloved
lives

which are on the

reptiles

when they

son, Nefer-kheperu-ra.

with thee for ever, [doing that which

Huya seems

They

see thee.

is

lie

He

pleasing to]

to read " giving praise because of thy

the scribe's eye having apparently wandered to

the adjacent column.
^

Coniecturins
'
^

The <=> seems

aaaaaa

'

__

11

certain in

Huya's

O
W

text,

<:3>

and the

o
rest is

compatible with the defaced signs.

this copy.

third of the text

and

completely confirms the old copies. The text of Huya,

being badly preserved, was not copied but carefully

[with]

earth.

I should

Var.

Eead

have written

hieroglyphs

by Professor Petrie shows about a

collated.

things,

later

have been slightly altered, being

I have had more or less comthis
obvious errors. For
duplicate
text on the W. thickness
the
plete support from
tomb.
A photograph taken
Huya's
of
of the inner wall
Starred

givest

whom

Ea-Horakhti,

rising "

rendered)
^

who

[the living Aten] beside

beautiful,

is

ever,

[no other], giving health to the eyes [by his

he who has made all that is. Thou risest on the
horizon of heaven [to give life to all that thou hast
made], viz. all mankind, [cattle,] flying and fluttering

288.

living

and

is

rays]

98a.^

Two

favour

^''

"

Plates xxviii.,xxxviii.)

beautiful,

me

and a goodly
Akhetaten. For I
fail

life

L'HoTB, Papiers,
Lepsius, D.

the

dant of the good god he hath trodden every place that

he desired,^ I following his feet. He fostered me when I
was a youth until I attained honoured old age in peace
and joy and attendance on the Euler he being in festival

there

1.

thy

of

Texts.

The Longer Prayers.

1.

by

King

hast given to

King every day without

C.

circuit,

the

son,

South and North, living on Truth, Nefer-kheperu-ra, the

entire land, and all the countries; that they may make
laudations at thy dawning and at thy setting likewise.
"
God 8 who livest on Truth manifestly (lit. " in face
of the eyes ").
Thou hast made that which existed not,
coming
making these things in their entirety
before the

ends resting upon the shoulders of the moun-

him
him who

peoples are jubilant towards thee, giving praise to

who formed them

against the knees of a companion.

II.

31

All variants are noted here.

Supplying

"^

^ J^ ^

" Euler " (Huya).

1^

<=>

- Supplying

^^=^.

Ti
(J(]

(Huya).

" The restoration of the plate

Burton's copy having

by an injured
(Huya),

little

text in the

value.

tomb

of

lacunae are mostly supplied from

I.

is

from

this

source.

L'Hote is supported
Huya (PL iii.). The
xxxvi.

THE ROOK TOMBS OF EL AMARNA.

32

thy heart and seeing what thou hast made every day.

Lord

He

of reward."

Grant to him life,

joy,' and all thy

rejoices at seeing thy beauty.

health,

[prosperity,

under

circuit

thy ka

(?)

He]

(he) thine offspring

and]

delight,

[his feet.

known
North and West and

'^

whom

the

the

The

Bast.

the ocean are in

"

for

thou thyself hast

begotten,

midst of

them

administers

South

islands

like

in the

of the

The

2.

Two

inscription

on the

the

starred

substituting

for

chief of chiefs, sage

who

the good Spirit,

brings joy to the

Place him

along with thee for ever and ever, since he loves to look
on thee. Grant to him sed!-festivals exceeding numerous,
of years of peace.
Grant unto him s of that which thy
heart loveth, like the multitude of the sands of the
dunes, like the scales of the fish in the streams or the
Set

black and the crow

(?)

him here

the

till

swan

grows
rise up

(?)

grows white, till the hills

to travel and the deep runs up the river,'" I being attendant on the good god until he orders a burial of his
giving." "

Plate xxvii.

(Lintel of entrance.

1.

"

The Shorter Praters.

2.

An

cellor,*

Lord

Left side.)

and an
good King by the Eoyal Chanthe Sole Companion, follower of the feet of the
the Two Lands, the favourite of the good god,

ascription of praise to the living Aten,

homage

act of

of

to the

3.

(Jambs

2.

of outer door.

Previous copy

L'HoTE, Papiers,
"

Plate xxvii.)

dy hetep seten

of

iii.

289.'

Ea-Horakhti and Nefer-kheperu-

ra (alternating with Akhenaten).

from

"May

he grant [entrance and] '* exit

the King's house, and that (his) members be

(1) (Left side).

provided with '* pleasure every day."

(2) " May he [grant] the favour of his

Plates

The sense

iii.

and

clear

is

Court-house of the

I. xli.

and

II. xxx.,

but not

the text.
3

That

From Huya.

<'

=^^=^

Cf.

is,

the lands.

Emend

Part

II., p. 45, PI.

to

fl

until there
(7)

comes

"May

his setting as Aten."

he grant a happy

life,

seeing his beauty,

'

(lit.

a place of the

King Ua-en-ra."

duration,

Ahmes

"

the last two

titles

alternating

with " Fan-bearer on the right hand of the King."

(I. xli.).

Ahmes.

plate.

The

xxx.

This word-sign represents a

and

ment," happiness and delight."

(4) " [May he grant] rejoicing claily and the sight
of his fair face every day."
" May he grant
in
(5) (Eight jamb).
every place which he treads."
(6) " May he grant the sight of Aten from his rising

1).

has been omitted in the

children,

Close. " For the ka of the veritable scribe of the King,

beloved by him, the Superintendent of the Court-house
and Steward of the house of Akhenaten, great in his

xxvii.

from

(?)

a reception of loaves from his offerings."

(3) " [May he grant] life, prosperity, health, amuse-

foot') within the palace to see the

From

Lands, First of the

Akhenaten and Superintendent

'

the King), the

(i.e.

BuRiAii Petitions.

the King, beloved of him, the Steward of the house of

his lord loves every day,* the veritable scribe of

of the

above,

who has

Companions."

and a goodly burial after old age."

(8) " May he grant admission

whom

as

him,

Two Lands and

of the land in its entirety.

hair of the cattle.

Two

is

" he

passage

ka.

chiefs'^ are suppliants (?), fainting before the will of

makes the wealth

of the

(?)

hand

right

approach to the person of the god

His ^
Southern boundary (extends) as far as the breezes, and
his northern boundaries as far as Aten shines.^ All their
praise to his

Lands, Ahmes, maakheru and possessor

man

of Syria in a white

1.

titles

given to Alimes in his tomb are

Veritable Scribe of the King,

robe with red bordering, and an under-garment with

sleeves reaching to the wrists.

Bead

(Huya).

The words

shanfet, nekhent, sneferu,

For the

the vocabulary.

Whence the restorations in the plate. I have since

found a photograph taken by Professor Petrie, which
'^

first

Mr.

are

new

to

Griffith quotes the

gives the text

"

still

more

fully.

Cf. II. ix.

Coptic derivative tyeftCJI, and below, JLITO, pelagus.

'"

Cf.

Part

II., p. 45.

Emending

to

Burton reads

^^.

" Eeadine

May

from a text in the tomb of

(Le Quite d'Atonou,

" Emending to

I. xxxi.).

THE TOMB OF AHMES

2.

Fan-bearer

on the

right

hand

of

the

King.

The

first

four

however, represent real and

Superintendent of the Court-house.

Ahmes

of the King,

5.

Steward of the house of Akhenaten.

Royal Chancellor.

6.

Sole

Companion and

First of the

indicate

that

was one of the most confidential servants

3.

and closely attached to his person.

History, however, has preserved no further re-

Com-

panions.

Two

titles,

responsible ofiices of state, and

4.

7.

33

and the signs of the King's

favour of which Ahmes boasts do not seem to
cord of his

life,

His tomb

Follower of the feet of the Lord of the

have been very practically exhibited.

Lands.

lay unfinished through half the reign, those

Some
cures,

of these designations are certainly sine-

and there are other epithets on

which are

still

more empty of

p.

32

real significance.

parts precisely which might have

the successful career of the

commemorated

ofiicial

being neg-

lected to the end.

1)

34

APPENDIX
By Seymoue de
THE GREEK
[The numerous graffiti left by visitors to this tomb
have already been mentioned (p. 27). They have been
scratched with the point of a sharp stone or a weapon in
the plaster of the lower part of the walls of the corridor.
Owing to their rough character and frequent overlapping
they are difficult to decipher, and I have not attempted to
exhaust the material or to reproduce it in exact facsimile.
I

wished rather to

those

call the attention of

who

are

and estimate its value.

It includes one Coptic graffito penned in ink but now
nearly illegible, almost the only written memorial of
the Coptic occupation of the site (Plate xxv.). Most of
the graffiti in the Plate are from the Bast wall 42, 43,
47, 50, 52, 59 are from the West wall
10, 43, 44, 48 are
from the South end 57 from the Bast thickness 2, 3
are from the shrine; 51, 54, 55, 68 are from the antechamber of Meryra's tomb.
The interesting graffito
No. 1 is from the wall outside, just on the right of the
doorway.
A few ink graffiti also from the East wall
(No. 12 from the East inner thickness) of the tomb of
Huya are dealt with here. Two unpublished graffiti from
" Kotys came " (of. No.
the West wall of Huya read
"
Lycomedes."
N. de G. D.]
and
Alexander
....
22),
specially qualified to deal with

it

Ricci.

GRAFFITI.
Inscriptions

Grecques

I'Egypte

de

Latines

et

1848, 4"), pp. 454-459, Nos. 507-522.

were reprinted by Franz in 1850 in the

(Paris,

They

Corpus inscriptionum Graecarum,,

vol.

iii.,

pp.

1,190 to 1,191, Nos. 4,705& to 4,705r. In modern

them known

times the only lengthy mention of

me

to

by

in an article

is

Prof.

Sayce in the Pro-

ceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology,

vol.

his

B.

(1892),

iv.

own

copies fifteen graffiti,

siders as part of a
1.

He

123.

p.

publishes from

and what he con-

Phoenician one.

(Letronne, pp. 455-456, No. 510

p. 1,190,

Evd'

Franz,

No. 4,705i).
e^apa^e

avafiai;

KaTvWtvo<s ev irpo

\_6vpa\i,oi,<;

T)(yy]v 6a.vp.atfi3v Totv iepa>v

"

Having ascended

XaoTop-wv

Catullinus

here,

engraved

this in the

has

doorway, marvelling

at the art of the holy quarriers."

The Greek Graffiti.

It is also possible to

read with Franz

The whole is a distich.

The engraver had begun to engrave the

7rpo[^up]otori.

The

fifty-nine

Greek

graffiti

copied by Mr.

N. de G. Davies in the tomb of Ahmes, and

re-

second line too near the

produced on Plate xxxv. of the present volume,

after

are

by no means

all

unpublished.

They were

original copies are

by Wilkinson, whose
d6ubtless in the Vauncey-

Crewe

Copies of

volume of

These copies are included

in

eoSwpos Tov

his Recueil des

list

of Letronne's

Letronne's papers, including Wilkinson's

letters,

was

by Mademoiselle Letronne to the late

Carl Wescher, whose

MSS.

little

letters

lower

/8acr6Xeu[s]
.

rouis (eTous) cktov naeii'[i

papers drawn up by his daughter after his death. This

but the greater part of
list is now in my possession
lent towards 1868

two

sixteen graffiti

were sent by him to Letronne/ who inserted

in the second

one, but

down.
2.

them

first

he stopped and began again a

discovered tovp-ards 1835

collection.

having written the

first

are apparently lost.

The
3.

sense

is

.]

or A9vpC, ?

not clear.

rjKCOL

(erous)

" I come

X.^

Year 37

"

Note the superfluous

verb.

iota at the

end of the

THE GRAFFITI.

35

4.

nToXe[/Aatos]

5.

KoK(o(f)o<; (?)

AvkovCevTjs,

6.

(Sayce, No. 11.)

lusanus, AvXovTpaXrj^

A.

$tXovi/cos
7.

No. 14),

8.

^7roX(X.)oStupe

9.

Illegible.

etc.

p. 1,190,

No. 4,705/1).

10. jditovv(r(oS(opo<s vqoTopo^

ought to be

511; Franz,

25. Letronne, p. 456, No.

IloXvVLKOV

Evavdo?

^iovv(ToS(opo<; vewre/jos

Z<i}l\o<;

No. 1)

11. (Sayce,

(cf.

24. (Etovs) k

[?$i]\&)i'i/fos(?)

It

Compare AvXovSea,
Aulucentus, Aulurenus, Au-

Thracian name.

ASL(jiLav

AtroWavLov

A(t)po6eo<;

Av8povi.KO<;

AvBp0VL[^K0v]
12.

In Coptic.
possibly

13. KaWoi)i>

Badly preserved.

Line

1,

"Lord God."

Line

2,

bable.

ICA..S.K.

26. STTapTaKO<s, Mei'ai'Sp[o]s Mevai'8yoo[u]

14. [.4u\]o[uT]pa\i7s

" Aulutrales

(?)

(?)

By two

irapeyei'o[ju,iji/]

I have been here

"

27. AKOvpaTo\^<;^

16. y4iroXXcoj'[ios]

16.

29. ^TTapraKos o

Tv[^L

17.

18.

(Forms the second half of Letronne, p. 457,

No. 513
Franz, p. 1,190, No. A,105k).

XOLO^

poSeV

I cannot

19.

Sci)Tiov[o?\ ?

No. 4,7056

the third

evXoyo)

line.

soldiers.

it

20. (Sayce, No. 6.)

TOV yoaif
6eov

(erow?)

tS

this

I cannot read the second line with

Perhaps

any

from

If euXoyo) tov Oeov is cor-

author of the graffito was a Jew,

special formula being only

two

Graeco

Jewish

known

graffiti

at

Eedesieh in Upper Egypt.

IlacocjyL ?

32.

21. 'Bavd[o']?

(Letronne, p. 454, No. 507, and p. 457,

No. 614; Franz,

IlTo\ep.a.iov

22. (Letronne, pp. 457-458, No. 516;

Letronne reads tov

32.

vo[ho\v deov.

Mao(f>i ?

Franz,

p.

1,1<;1,

No. 4,705^,

and A,10bd).

No. 4,705jo).

SevOrj^ KoTvo<s wSe

^iXivov TapavTivo<s

" Seuthes son of Kotys

Thracian names,

....

(erou?) id AXe^avSpo<;

a(j)iKeTo

23. Av\ovleKiJ.is

Oeov ?

with No.

rect, the

Ep/xai[o9]

p. 1,190,

TOV

Xo

Sayce only gives the first line and joins

shall find in these texts further

certainty.

Franz, p. 1,190,

MeaopL K^

mention of Thracians, possibly

y^KOi

No. 508

Sayce).

(EtoUs) tS AlO-^pUtiV

VITTOTOV

SwTOS 0/oaif

We

Bpofjiev<s

31. (Letronne, p. 455,

l^

make out

30. jrro\e|u,[aios]

ApLaTo/jLCVT]!;

AXe^avBpov

.]

ZTjVoSciipO'S

different hands.

28. SwapraKot; (jitXtoLcnvr)

JZroXejU.ato[s]

(T0US) iC

Letronne's readings

of Wilkinson's copies are highly impro-

came
Cf,

here."

No. 36.

TlToXe/JLaiov

Sayce publishes the second line as

partly Carian.

THE ROCK TOMBS OF EL AMAKNA.

36

48. 5'7ra/)TaKo[s] *iX[iepyoi;s]

33. Si\l3avos

34. Indeciplierable.

Line 2

35. (Letronue, p. 458,

No. 517; Franz,

No. 4705?

p. 1,190,

49

Sayce, Nos. 2-3).

UroXe/xaiog

Mvtjaideo? Jwyaiew?

iqKw

The first line is probably the Coptic

Niffo/xa^os ncrojS-

The name

ITcro/So-avi'os is

as being a far

Manetho's

interesting

more accurate

HpaKXas
KaXXias Ep[iaLOv{?)

53.

Wova-e.vvr]<i.

^77oXXftJI'to[s]

KoTwos

Cf.

51, 52. (Sayce, No. 10).

transcrip-

Egyptian Pasebkhannut than

tion of the

5'eu^ijs

54. AvoV^LCOV

No. 22.

55. (Letronne, p. 458,

37. (Letronne, p. 458,

No. 518

Franz,

flToXXas

SapaTTLCov
t

XoiaK

38. AiddioKko

?).

58. Jioj/ucrtos

No. 48.

59. Alovvctioi;

40. (Letronne, p. 457, No. 513

No. 4,705A;
MrjvoifiiXo';

Franz,

eXdov

[i.e.

very

pov nvppLa<;TarjTO<;

UtoX.

iy^TQV<i) i^

43.

(Sayce, No.

Perhaps

epaaTT)^.

is

pray

"

1.

startling.

graffiti

Ghost,

Holy

the

from the tomb of Huya

2.

Standing figure of Anubis.

The prenomen of Amenhotep III.

and 4 show what may be the same name.
.

6.

Ta^ft)OTi?s(?)

(eroKs) tS AuTXpioyv

8.

Tevo)p[i,]<;

JioT/je^ijs (?)

9.

"Ptolemy"

Franz, p. 1,190,

No. 4705c).

evkoyoi Trjv Ektlv

No. 4.705o).

Franz,

p. 1,190,

10.

Opve

11.

BiKm

XKlcov

Cf,

No. 12.

Published L. D.

p. 139.

ii.,

....
(?)

Cf.

No.

13.

Teuw/ois,

lished L. B. Text,
graffiti

HpaiaKos,

Safiei,v\_o{\,

[A']ya6oi)v{?), Ai.ov[ya-La]

13. BiKws(?), Apcriy]cn%.

The

in Demotic.

HpaK\a[^^

47. (Sayce, No. 9).

dm?

12. Alovvo-m,

llroXe/xaios 0atTO5

oas

Text,

Toi/ [^eoj' ?]

46. (Letronne, p. 457, No. 516

ApKnoiVvp.o'i

invocation

appears to occur twice.

5.

44. (Letronne, p. 455, No. 509

IlToXejLiaiDs

sadly

Further on the word ty?\H^

."

The ink

Ka/3aSoKo<;

ewXoya)

Holy

is

(Plate xxv. 1-13) are almost illegible.

The name Abraham borne by a Cappadocian

to

[ejrai/joy

8).

rjKO)

"

and

Son,

an

with

begins

It

" Father,

42.

can be gathered, as the text

little

Trinity

the long Coptic graffito on Plate xxv.

mutilated.

rjXdov)

A ioi'ucrioSco[pos]

A^pafxo<i

From

p. 1,190,

Sayce, No. 5).

41. KpiTLa<;

45

57. NiKaj'[w/3]

wSe
Cf.

Franz, p. 1,190,

SapOLVKtiV

f iXiepyous

39. 5'ira/3TaKos

rjKO)

No. 4

56. (Sayce,

ty

No. 519

No. 4,705e).

p. 1,190,

No. 4,705m).

(cTovs)

apa.

50. Illegible.

cravvos

36.

No. 39.

Cf.

:$ev0r)q

This
ii.,

last

name pub-

p. 139.

near the figures of Anubis read

THE GRAFFITI.
AvKa<; (twice) and probably Tvwpi<s, as in Nos.
8 and 12.

Note.

names

A considerable

is

collection of Thracian

given in A. Dumont, Melanges d'arche-

ologie et d'epigraphie, pp.

them occur

538

seqq.

Several of

in our graffiti: Aiaxpioiv, AvhpoviKo<;,

MevavBpo<s, Kotus, Sevdr)<s, XirapTaKoi, etc.

The

easiest

37

explanation of the frequent occuiTence

of Thracian
as

names

in

Egypt

to regard

is

them

having been borne by mercenaries in the pay

of the

Ptolemies

Etudes Anciennes,
of our graffiti
B.C.,

may

(see

Peedeizet, Bevue des

.1904,

pp.

157-160).

well be of the

very few being certainly of

Most

2nd century

Roman

date.

38

INDEX.
Ahmes, career

of

27, 28, 29, 33

Carter, Mr.

28

Cartouches

3, 4, 21,

Ceilings

1, 2,

,,

figures of

26, 27,

,,

titles of

27, 32, 33

Akhenaten

30

Champollion

8, 10, 15,

28

" Chancellor, Eoyal

his relations with his parents

5, 12, 15,

16

6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16, 27, 28,

prayers to

18, 19, 32

20-25

statues of

Akhbtaten

13, 14, 15

4, 7, 8, 9,

ruins of

" Companion, Sole "

5, 15, 16, 21,

36

Co-regency suggested

21, 22, 23

Animals depicted

7, 9, 11, 12,

Ankhes-en-pa-aten
Anubis, figures of

3,

Architecture of tombs
Artists,

1, 2, 3,

36

Corridors

Aten depicted

9, 11, 12,

5, 16,

determinatives of

....
....

Date

tombs

of

offerings to

,,

of graf&ti

,,

recorded

8,

24

30

9, 15,

26
32

6, 8, 12, 23,

temple of

29

19-26, 27, 28

titulary of

8,

Auta

Ay, scenes in tomb of

30,

Balcony of palace

Deir

el

Burnaburias, King

37

Doorways, form

of

27

13

xi

Ethiopians depicted

Lord

^"anz
Fretwork

17

36

hand

of the

9, 11,

Graffiti,

of the

King

Two Lands

''

"
13,

Lord

of the

Two Lands

19
9

"

6, 19, 32,

33

6, 10,

28

34, 35,

36

........

Coptic

29

27,33

" Follower of the feet of the

19

24, 25

3,27

" Fan-bearer on the right

Foreigners

31

27
.

False Doors

26

Cappadocian name

2, 4, 16, 24, 26, 29, 30,

4,16

Canopio jars

16, 18, 19, 32

....

" Favourite of the

30

4, 6, 8, 11, 21,

hetep seten prayers

Fishing, scenes of

4, 16,

6, 9, 10, 14, 23, 28,

.

Amarna

24

23, 26, 27, 30

1, 2, 3, 4,

Dress illustrated

10

6,

3,

Draughtsmanship, Egyptian

By

4,

Bahri temple compared

7,8, 14, 16, 16

13, 26, 27

1, 2,

El Bersheh tombs compared

30

Burial customs
shafts

30

31

5, 29,

,,

12

11,

Earlier period at El

xi

5,

6, 7, 8,
.

1,26

14

30

Barsanti, Signer

Bedawin
Beket-atbn
Bouriant, M.

30

24

12, 13,

Banquets depicted

10, 21, 22, 23, 26, 27,

drapery

,,

Erbkam
Balance depicted

16

Dado scenes
Dancing

33

28

17, 18, 31,

prayers to

30

Decorative designs
.

27

14

Ascents to public buildingi

13, 21, 26,

10, 11, 13, 14, 23, 27,

1, 2, 3,

1, 2, 3

26, 27

8, 10, 14, 22,

Artist's studio depicted

28
7

28

20, 22, 23

8, 13,

29

Neb-maat-ra)

Egyptian

Colonnaded courts

Colouring in the tombs

25,'

statues of

,,

xi
8, 11, 13, 17, 27,

Columns

12, 21,

33

29

III. (see also

xi

M.

Chassinat,

Chariots

26

26, 27

10, 12, 22, 24, 25,

Altars

Amenhetep

....

affectionate nature of

depicted

,,

24

3 30
34, 35, 36

INDEX.
Grafi&ti,

Demotic

39

INDEX.

40

22, 23

Screening walls
" Scribe of the house of recreation
" Scribe of the

King

14

32

"

Shasu

Shaven head

Shrines

6,

8, 12, 19, 22, 23, 25,

Slaves

Southern tombs (see also

royal

,,

29

Tribute

11

Trumpeter

,,

with altars

with slabs of offering

27

Tyi depicted

house

of

"

Steindorff, Professor

" Sunshade " of

harem

of Tyi "

treasury of Tyi

Court-house

.33
19, 27

Amarna

letters

Temple, pictures of

15

4, 5, 15,

16

4, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14,

15

22, 23, 24
.

12
12

.33
31

8, 19-25, 27,

7, 8,

2, 6, 12, 18, 19,

5, 7, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17,

...

22

30
22

4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 17,

30

32
19

Wilkinson

29

Workmen

10, 11, 28, 29

34
enrolled

(occurring in the Graffiti, Plates xxv,

.

3, 11,

Viands shown

32

27, 28, 29, 33

.

Vases
Vestibule

INDEX OF GREEK PROPER NAMES

Abramos

20, 23, 24, 25

Uraei

2, 6,

5, 6, 7, 8,

Unhee

26

2, 6,

9, 11, 28, 29,

Ua-bn-ea

Weapons
Tell el

(See also " Steward," " Superintendent.")

26

" Sycomores of Malachite "

Syrians

8,28
.

Unfinished designs

13

12

12, 19

7, 8, 20, 23, 24,

" Superintendent of the

,,

residence of
statues of

xi,

Stone shelters
" Sunshade "

,,

political attitude of

2,

Akhenaten

9, 11,

19

4,16

22, 23, 24

24

22, 23, 24

23,

" Steward in the house of Tyi

29

names
.

....

3, 17,

Stela in temple court

of the

Tursha

TuY

14, 20, 22, 23, 24, 28,

,,

Treasury of Tyi depicted

10,24
.

35,37

Transcription of Egyptian

29

Osirian

19-25

identification of parts of

,,

Thracian names

8, 9, 28,

Statues in the tombs

23, 24, 25, 29

of

Earlier period ") 28, 29, 30, 31

Standards

Temple, ruins

xxxv, pp. 34-37).

8,

14

41

INDEX.
.

Ptolemaios

PtoUas

22, 36, p. 34

Purrias

Katullinus

Kokophos
Kotus

(?)

Kritias

12

(?)

p.

37

Sarapion

Lukomedes

p.

34

Seuthes
Silbanos

26

Sopater

Menophilos

40

Sotion (?)

35

Spartakos

57

Tathootes

35

Teuoris

Philierges

39,

Philinos

48
.

Philonikos

(p.

36)

33

37

30

26, 28, 29, 39,

(?)
8,

(?)

36

(?)

Theodoros
10

55, 66

.
.

22, 34,

Orne ....

(p. 36)

Menandros

(?)

46, 49, 9 (p. 36)

42

Lukas

Nikomakos

(?),

55

Sabinos

Nikanor

42

41

Mnesitheos

4, 16, 21, 30, 32,

(p.

48
36)

12 (pp. 36, 37)

2
.

Thais

46

46

Thoa
(?)

32

.6,7

Polunikos

Psobsannos

35

Xanthos

21

Zenodoros

18

Zoilos

25

PBTNTBP BY GILBBBT AND BIVINGTON LIMITED,

ST,

JOHN'S HOUSE, CLEBKENWELL, E.G.

PLATES.

NOTE.
An

index to the passages in the text which are explanatory of the several plates
will

be found on pages

ix,

El Amarna

TOMB OF HUYA.

III.

^'//MfyMHi/^Mtjf^,.,j.

Plate

'^//,//i'//^fM/j/////yf,^f((.

,^^/^A>y/////////r/^''/'^'^''y^^y'yy/y'^'
y^yyy////yy^^^yyyyy^yyy. -'^^^('^''-^''^^^-'^^^^^^--

r
f-o.

Section on A.B.

'

Scale 1

Section on

CD.

Bank ef rubbi'vh

Longitudinal Section

Scale

i
96

Ky^Jy^yi^/^Ai^^yyyyiii^y'y^^^^

COLUMN-EAST

FACE.

I.

El Amarna

III.

HUYA-EAST THICKNESS.

Wut.

HYMN TO THE
Scale i

SUN.

Plate

II.

Ek Amarna

Scale i

111.

HUYA-WEST THICKNESS.

HYMN TO THE

SUN.

Plate

III.

El Amarna

HUYA-SOU-

III.

TYI SITTING
Seale i
7

AT MEAT]

kLL,

EAST

SIDE.

HE KING AND QUEEN.

Plate

IV.

El Amarna

HUYA-SOUT

III.

-a=

^z
^ y
;^
/

v
(7'/iis

picture should have been placed benet

LOWE

Scale
7

L,

EAST

SIDE.

"^^'^}

Hi

iM

|i

11/

J'i'

^Ai

-^

Jfy\
/./lll\^'

i)\

oer one, the lines

ITERS.

marked A and B

coinciding)

l/\l

MM

El Amarna

HUYA-SQl

III.

%
A

If

"X

m^

M
i
A A

'

)o^^l

TYI ENTERTAINE
Scale I
1

\LL,

WEST

SIDE.

ME KING AND QUEEN.

Plate

VI.

El Amarna

HUYA-SOUTH

III.

^JL

'

'^_/\\ y

^^

\.

>|-^

:P

Scale i

^^.
/^

y/.

j/^

//I

(I.

L-

^i%At
f.

'V

X\^

WEST

WALL-it

y^^^^

SOUTH WALL, WEJ

Scale i
7

WEST WALLS.

Plate

'\

V/
\(

S^

(t-3 5<i

K't\

la
fe
'V

EST REGISTER.

E-LOWER REGISTERS.

VII.

El Amarna

III.

..~-:F'-

3T WALL.
Plate

VIII.

El Amarna

III.

AKHENATEN LEADING T
Scale

Plate

VALL.

/ITHIN

THE TEMPLE.

IX.

El Amarna

III.

HUYA-E/

^i^i'-^ir^ii^ii^ii-^ii-^ir-^ii"^!r-^ii--^ii^ii-^ii-Mi-~-ir^ii ^ii---iiS[E

Plate

/ALL.

CO
LU

D
I-

<
I-

W
LL

O
_l

<
I
UJ

I
H

--1I

^ \^\\^^\^ \J>^J>

^ir-^i

\ \

^i

'-^IN "^

"---

-^^l>ll^ll^^ll^-^U^II--^ll^

ll

>^

i^ ir^ii'-^ii^ii-^l'^l'-v.l.l'^ii'^iN

X.

El Amarna

III.

HUY/

''^

llr^lLjI

VALL.

Plate

^l U-^ 1^-11 ^U^I-,--1l.^l.^l.>1I^^I^^I^^L-^L---1t^-^l^ll^llj:=Tr

Ul

z
I
CO
a:

m
z
z
lU

I
I-

XI.

El Amarna

Scale i

III.

HUYA-

VALL.

FERS.

Plate

XII.

^'

El Amarna

III.

HUYA-W

THE KING AND QUEEN CAR

Scale i
7

ALL.

THE STATE PALANQUIN.

Plate

Xlil.

El Amarna

III.

HUYA-\

<&^

BRINGING THE TR
Scale

\LL.

OF THE NATIONS.

PLATE XIV.

Amarna

III.

HUYA-WE

LOWER
Scale

RE

VALL.

RS.

Plate XV.

El Amarna

III.

HUYA-NORTH

WEST

SIDE.

Plate XVI.

O
z
y
LU

I
I-

>-

m
Q
UJ
Q
<
UJ

<
>:d

Vl

El Amarna

III.

HUYA-NORTH

.,

EAST

SIDE.

Plate XVII.

(D

Hi

X
H
>OQ

O
UJ
Q
<
Hi
a:

<
>
I

El Amarna

HUYA-NORTH WALL.

ill.

Plate

XVIII.

<
LL
LU

Z
111

I-

<
z
UJ

i^^^^^

,P"

-L5CJ_

<

Ul
1liJ

I
z
u

Ui

H
z

^^m'=^\
mm^m rw/r
i^j^m

''''""'-^

C3

to

to

EL Amarna

Scale

III.

HUYA-DOORWAY OF

SHRINE.

Plate XIX.

El Amarna

WEST
Scale i.
8

Plate XX.

HUYA-SHRINE.

III.

THICKNESS.

EAST THICKNESS.

El Amarna

III.

Plate XXI.

HUYA-SHRINE AND HALL.

"A

.^

^
r.oi

,-r-'\

]Pl\
S.

WALL,

Seale i

E.

SIDE.

HALL-JAMBS OF

N.

DOOR.

S.

WALL, W. SIDE.

El Amarna

III.

HUYA-SHRINE, EAST WALL.

Plate XXII

Ill

El Amarna

III.

HUYA-SHRINE,

WEST WALL.

Plate

XXIII.

to

El Amarna

III.

HUYA-SHRINE,

N.

WALL.

Plate XXIV.

Sitting Statue

of Huya

THE BURIAL FURNITURE.

Scale

i.

Eu Amarna

Plate XXV.

FRAGMENTS.

III.

Vj-y.a.

,.-^'/->''-"-y''

Scale "i"

10

$Si<^H

-INC

'-re-

-tn-roTnu^

"V
i.

,r

U
-5.{*^
.'

-i

'.

v'*

;?

y/

f^^
^;;&sVOiSiOs>^iJJOs/;i

enNoy

si

rr-

ci-

m^

Mfe

cy

if/,

't.

8'K^N^8.-:'N;f^-w3 -

ul

Scafe

6 re

7.
<^k

'&>ie

OJ"

c)

I' r-

'

rre

1:!

El Amarna

Plate XXVI.

III.

^
-t;-'

udiacjnj

tjeiqqna

psjeapcip

pajoapup

jjnoa

||T)^

>( 0(4*4

<^=5^

{^ s

Z
9
H
O

z
<

UJ

03
-J

<

z
a
H

o
z
o

:^^Saav^'8^\\^^^m^\^^^^^^^^^^^.^s^^^v^^^^^^

-ItT

*1

J
,\v\VV>v\VWiU)^

El Amarna

Unnlt

i.

III.

AHMES-FApADE.

Plate XXVII.

ii

,1

'Sik

'iii':

El Amarna

III.

AHMES-EAST THICKNESS.

ADORATION OF THE SUN BY AHMES.

Scale i

Plate XXVIII.

El Amarna

Scale

III.

AHMES-WEST THICKNESS.

HYMN TO THE

RISING SUN.

Plate XXIX.

Eu Amarna

III.

AHME

THE

Scale

TEIV

jjI^WALL.

'E

THE ATEN.

Plate XXX.

El Amarna

Scale i

AHMESIII.

THE

iy/

Plate XX>

tIwall.

5^

ItrESCORT.

El Amarna

III.

Plate XXXII.

AHMES-WEST WALL,

*N

El Amarna

III.

AHMES-WEST WALL,

Plate XXXI Ia.

til

<
03
UJ

I
H

El Amarna

III.

AHMES-WEST

LL,

LOWER

HALF.

'Aixxx n'oid

Ml

o
<
<
0.
UJ

I
I-

AHMES-WEST
El Amarna

III.

/VER HALF.

Plate XXXIV.

I-

<
h-

<

<
<
>o
a:
UJ

I
I-

53

to

El Amarna

III.

25:^wi/oc|aoXA(/AK'="

QPj^Pj.,^1

Plate XXXV.

"^
I

32

47

/^rlCf QONYMU(^,

(ey/vA^

El Amarna

III.

TOMB OF HUYA.

PLATE XXXVI.

UJ

z
CO
ui

<

X
UI

El Amarna

III.

TOMB OF HUYA.

XXXVII.

PLATE

(0
(0
III

"T^f

z
U
X
II(0
Ul

^viiMf

"N8t^%BR'

(0
0)
UI

z
o
X

H
(0

<

UJ

EL AmARNA

III.

TOMB OF AHMES.

PLATE XXXVIII.

w
E
z
111

<

Q
Z
til

El amarna

TOMB OF AHMES.

III.

Plate XXXIX.

4^

,--*?

4V'

In- ^'//i\

--

t!*.

i/m
1/1-

///,!

C'
-I'l

a,:-

m^
Soldiers and

Trumpeter.

-ym
^,^-i\

/.-

*t'j^ \
.%;''

Soldiers (continued).

-!

PUBLICATIONS OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT.

Edited by F.

I. BENI

LI.

HASAN.

(4 coloured).

II. BENI

QRrFFITH.

VIIL THE- MASTABA

Part I.
For 1890-91. By
Pekcy E. Newberry. With Tlans and Measurements
of
the Toniijs by G. W. Fbaser.
49 Plates

G. Davies. 31 Photographic and

other Plates (3 coloured). 25s.

Price 25s.

HASAN.

IX. THE MASTABA OF PTAHHETEP AND

AKHETHETEP AT S^QQAREH. Part II. For
1898-99.

Price 25s.

Part I.
For 1893-93.
By
Ll. Griffith and Percy E. Newberry.
34 Plates
Part

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