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  • Cold Pack Investigation: KNO3 Has Greatest ΔT

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    This document summarizes an experiment investigating three ionic salts (potassium chloride, potassium chlorate, and potassium nitrate) as potential cooling agents. The experiment measured the change in temperature (ΔT) when each salt was dissolved in water. The results showed that potassium nitrate produced the greatest ΔT, indicating it absorbed the most energy during dissolution. However, the conclusion states the difference in ΔT was actually due to differences in bond strength between the molecules rather than relative solubility. The experimental ΔH values for each salt were close but not identical to accepted literature values, which may have been due to heat transfer between the experimental apparatus and the environment.

    Original Description:

    Lab Report about the endothermic dissolution of salts in water.

    Original Title

    Cold Pack Lab

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    This document summarizes an experiment investigating three ionic salts (potassium chloride, potassium chlorate, and potassium nitrate) as potential cooling agents. The experiment measured the change in temperature (ΔT) when each salt was dissolved in water. The results showed that potassium nitrate produced the greatest ΔT, indicating it absorbed the most energy during dissolution. However, the conclusion states the difference in ΔT was actually due to differences in bond strength between the molecules rather than relative solubility. The experimental ΔH values for each salt were close but not identical to accepted literature values, which may have been due to heat transfer between the experimental apparatus and the environment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    15 views4 pages

    Cold Pack Investigation: KNO3 Has Greatest ΔT

    Uploaded by

    Music Man
    This document summarizes an experiment investigating three ionic salts (potassium chloride, potassium chlorate, and potassium nitrate) as potential cooling agents. The experiment measured the change in temperature (ΔT) when each salt was dissolved in water. The results showed that potassium nitrate produced the greatest ΔT, indicating it absorbed the most energy during dissolution. However, the conclusion states the difference in ΔT was actually due to differences in bond strength between the molecules rather than relative solubility. The experimental ΔH values for each salt were close but not identical to accepted literature values, which may have been due to heat transfer between the experimental apparatus and the environment.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    ColdPackInvestigation

    BlakeHurlburt

    Introduction
    Inthislab,Iwillinvestigatetheeffectivenessofthreeionicsaltsascoolingagentsforacold
    pack.Thiscoldpackwouldfunctionbyabsorbingthermalenergythroughdissolutionofasalt
    inwater.

    Ifthedissolutionofpotassiumchloride(KCl),potassiumchlorate(KClO
    ),andpotassiumnitrate
    3
    (KNO
    )in50mLofwaterareinvestigated,thenKNO
    willhavethegreatestchangein
    3
    3
    temperature(T)becauseitisthemostsolubleofthethreecompounds.

    Materials

    TM
    4Styrofoam
    cupspertrial
    Approx.5gofeachKCl,KClO
    ,andKNO
    pertrial
    3
    3
    150mLofwaterpertrial
    Onethermometer
    Onedigitalbalance
    One400mLbeaker

    Procedure
    TM
    1. Place1Styrofoam
    cupinsideanothertoformthecalorimeterapparatus.
    TM
    2. Measure50mLofwaterwithagraduatedcylinder,thenpouritintothetopStyrofoam

    cup.Insertathermometerintotheapparatustomeasurethechangesintemperatureof
    thewater.
    3. Measureapproximately5gofthesalttobetested.(Recordtheexactvalueused.)
    4. Afterrecordingtheinitialtemperatureofthewater,addthe5gofsaltandstir.
    5. Recordthelowesttemperatureobtainedasthefinaltemperature.
    6. Discardthesolutionusingsafewastedisposalprocedure.Rinseanddrytheinnercup
    beforereusing.
    7. Repeattheprocedureforeachsalt.

    MeasuredVariables
    Massofsalt
    Initialtemperatureofwater
    Finaltemperatureofsolution

    ControlledVariables
    Amountofwater(50.mL=50.g)

    QualitativeData
    Wheneachsaltwasaddedtothewater,itinitiallymadeaslightlywhiteheterogeneousmixture.
    Uponstirring,theopacityofthesolutiondisappearedandthemixturebecamehomogeneousand
    clear.Inbothconductedtrials,theKNO
    dissolvedintothewatermuchfasterthantheother
    3
    salts,andrequiredlessstirringtocompletelydissolve.

    QuantitativeData
    Trial1

    Mass(0.01g)

    InitialTemp(0.5C) FinalTemp(0.5C)

    KCl

    5.00

    18.8

    12.2

    KClO
    3

    5.00

    20.2

    12.9

    KNO
    3

    5.00

    19.0

    12.0

    Trial2

    Mass(0.01g)

    InitialTemp(0.5C) FinalTemp(0.5C)

    KCl

    5.10

    20.0

    15.0

    KClO
    3

    5.06

    19.9

    13.5

    KNO
    3

    5.06

    21.1

    13.1

    Equations
    T=T
    f T

    i
    m
    =m
    +m
    total
    salt
    water
    Q=mcT
    mol
    =mass
    (mass/mol)
    salt
    salt
    salt

    SampleCalculations
    T=T
    T
    =(18.80.5)C(12.20.5)C=(6.61.0)C
    f
    i
    m
    =m
    +m
    =(5.00.01)g+50.g=(55.00.01)g
    total
    salt water
    1 1
    Q=mcT=(50+5.000.01)g(4.18Jg
    C)(6.61.0)C
    1 1
    =(55.00g0.02%)(4.18JgC)(6.6C4.10%)
    =1517J6.77%
    =(1517103)J
    1
    mol
    =mass
    (mass/mol)
    =(5.00.01)g(74.55gmol
    )
    salt
    salt
    salt
    1
    (5.00g.018%)(74.55gmol
    )

    ProcessedData

    Trial1

    T(1.0C)

    m
    (.01g) Q(J)
    total

    AmtSalt
    (mol)*

    1
    H(kJmol
    )

    KCl

    6.6

    55.00

    1517103

    .067

    20.57.57

    KClO
    3

    7.3

    55.00

    1678107

    .041

    37.39.95

    KNO
    3

    7.0

    55.00

    1609110

    .049

    29.58.81

    Trial2

    T(1.0C)

    m
    (.01g) Q(J)
    total

    AmtSalt
    (mol)*

    1
    H(kJmol
    )

    KCl

    5.0

    55.10

    115167

    .068

    15.58.41

    KClO
    3

    6.4

    55.06

    147392

    .041

    32.78.85

    KNO
    3

    8.0

    55.06

    1841114

    .050

    33.81.83

    *theuncertaintywasnegligibleforthesedata,butwasusedincalculatingthefinaluncertainty.

    ComparisontoAcceptedValues
    ToobtainAvg.H,thevaluesfromTrial1andTrial2wereaveraged.

    1
    Avg.H(kJmol
    )

    1
    Acpt.H(kJmol
    )

    PercentError

    KCl

    18.07

    17.22

    4.96

    KClO
    3

    35.09

    41.38

    15.20

    KNO
    3

    31.69

    34.89

    9.16

    Conclusion
    TheKClO
    hadthehighestTbecauseitsintramolecularforceswerethestrongestofthethree
    3
    saltsandthereforerequiredthemostenergytobreak.Thedifferenceintemperaturechangeis
    duetothedifferencesbetweenthemoleculesnumberofbondsandthestrengthofthebonds,
    ratherthantherelativesolubilityinwater.

    Thediscrepancybetweentheexperimentalandacceptedvaluesisprimarilyduetotheeffectof
    thetemperatureofthelaboratoryenvironment.Asdissolutionofeachsaltoccurred,the
    endothermicreactioncausedthecalorimeterapparatustodropintemperatureandabsorbheat
    fromtheenvironment.Inordertoreducethisabsorptionofheat,amoreinsultedcalorimeter
    apparatusshouldbeused.Somealternativeoptionsincludeaddingalidtothecurrent
    apparatus,orusingaprofessionallydesignedcalorimetertomaximizeinsulation.

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