TENSES

I. PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
POLA:
Subject + Verb 1 + .

Subject + Verb s-es + .

They / We

He / She

I / You

It

FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi
berulang ulang dan terus menerus.
Contoh :
The students go to school everyday.
She studies English twice a week.
I go to church on Sundays
We celebrate our independence day once in a year.
b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).
Contoh:
The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.
The earth revolves round the sun.
The pineapple never grows up on a tree.
c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.
When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a
masked man enters.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
a. Every morning/day/week/month/year
b. Once, twice, three times, four times,
c. Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.

2. Present Continuous Tense

POLA :
Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + Ving
FUNGSI;
a. Untuk

menyatakan

suatu

kegiatan

yang

sedang

berlangsung

pada

waktu

diucapkan.
Contoh:
They are still playing at the moment.
She is reading a novel now.
b. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang
berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.
Contoh:
I am learning French this year.
Mr. Brown is teaching English.

KETERANGAN WAKTU:

Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.

Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative),
maka tenses
nya Present Continuous.
Contoh:

* Look! The man is climbing.

* Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.

3. Present Perfect Tense

POLA:
Subject + Have + Verb 3 +
.
Has
FUNGSI :
a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya
tidak tertentu.
Contoh :
William Shakespeare has written many short stories.
I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.

b. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di
waktu yang akan datang.
Contoh:
My friends and I have gone to Bali.
Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

POLA :
Subject + Have + Been + Verb-ing
Has
FUNGSI :
Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan
sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.
Contoh:
My sister has been studying English for three months.
The students have been doing the test since 11 oclock.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.

5. Simple Past Tense

POLA:
Subject + Verb 2 + Object +
.
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
Contoh:
I met my music teacher yesterday.
My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.
Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.
The students presented their project work this morning.
KETERANGAN WAKTU:
-

Last .

Just now

ago

This morning

This afternoon

Yesterday

6. Past Continuous Tense

POLA:
Subject + was + Verb- ing
were
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.
Contoh:
I was studying at my friends house.
My parents were chatting in the living room.
b. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu
lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi .
Contoh:
When I was studying, someone knocked the door.
When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.

7. Past Perfect tense

POLA:
Subject + Had + Verb 3
FUNGSI:
Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau
muncul.
Contoh:
The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.
When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.

8. Future Tense
POLA:

Subject + shall + Verb 1 +

will
FUNGSI:
a. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.
Contoh:
Bobby will come here tomorrow.
I shall call my parents when I get home.

b. Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan

merupakan keinginan atau kehendak.
Contoh:
Tomy will be fourteen years old next year.
We shall die one day.
KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.

Future Perfect Tense

I will have sung
The future perfect tense is quite an easy tense to understand and use. The future perfect tense talks
about the past in the future.

How do we make the Future Perfect Tense?

The structure of the future perfect tense is:

Subjec
+
t

auxiliary verb
WILL

auxiliary verb
HAVE

main
verb

invariable

invariable

past participle

will

have

V3

Look at these example sentences in the future perfect tense:

subject

auxiliary verb

auxiliary verb

main verb

will

have

finished

by 10am.

You

will

have

forgotten

me by then.

She

will

not have

gone

to school.

We

will

not have

Will

you

have

arrived?

Will

they

have

received

left.

it?

In speaking with the future perfect tense, we often contract the subject and will. Sometimes, we contract
the subject, will and have all together:
I will have

I'll have

I'll've

you will have

you'll have

you'll've

he will have
she will have
it will have

he'll have
she'll have
it'll have

he'll've
she'll've
it'll've

we will have

we'll have

we'll've

they will have

they'll have

they'll've

We sometimes use shall instead of will,

especially for I and we.

How do we use the Future Perfect Tense?

The future perfect tense expresses action in the future before another action in the future. This is the past
in the future. For example:

The train will leave the station at 9am. You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. When you arrive,
the train will have left.

The train will have left when you arrive.

past

present

future
Train leaves in future at 9am.
9

9.15

You arrive in future at 9.15am.

Look at some more examples:

You can call me at work at 8am. I will have arrived at the office by 8.
They will be tired when they arrive. They will not have slept for a long time.
"Mary won't be at home when you arrive."
"Really? Where will she have gone?"

You can sometimes think of the future perfect tense like the present perfect tense, but instead of your
viewpoint being in the present, it is in the future:
present perfect tense

future perfect tense

|
have |
done |
>|

past

now

will |
have |
done |
>|
future

past

now

future

SOAL-SOAL LATIHAN
1. Every night, the guard turns on all the lights and
around the building every half an hour.
a. walks
b. is walking
c. walked
d. will walk
2. I my holiday in Bali every year.
a. spent
b. spend
c. will spend
d. am spending
3. My friend a lot of photographs when she went to
Borodudur last month.
a. has taken
b. will take
c. takes
d. took
4. Four years ago, I in Bojonegoro, East Java.
a. have lived
b. dont live
c. lived
d. live
5. The students went to the zoo to learn Bilogy .
a. every Sunday
b. next Sunday
c. last Sunday
d. on Sundays
6. Dont make noise, please! The baby .
a. slept
b. sleeps
c. has slept
d. is sleeping
7. I met my Elementary School teacher this morning
when I .
a. was waiting
b. am waiting
c. waited
d. wait
8. Bobby was studying Physics when suddenly
someone the door.
a. was knocking
b. had knocked
c. has knocked
d. knocked

11. Novi :Where did you get the CONTACT magazine?

Jaka : I it from the library last week. I want to
return it now, I it.
a. borrowed - read
b. lent have read
c. read have borrowed
d. borrowed have read
12. Dita : What are you going to do after graduating from
Junior High School?
Andi : I my study in vocational school
a. continue
b. continued
c. will continue
d. have continue
13. Lina : You look so pale, Han!
Hani : Really? I a rest yet all day long.
a. will not
b. didnt take
c. have taken
d. havent taken
14. Rico : Hey, listen! The girls next door our favourite
song.
a. sing
b. sings
c. will sing
d. are singing
15. I know that one of my students in a big company
since he graduated.
a. works
b. will be working
c. is working
d. has been working
16. Andi : Thom, What were you doing when the
earthquake happened?
Thom : I soundly.
a. sleep
b. slept
c. was sleeping
d. had studied
17. Meta : Whats your plan for the coming holiday?
Reza : I my grandmother in Bandung.
a. visit
b. will visit
c. am visiting
d. will be visited
18.

9. Teacher : Wow! What a clean classroom it is.

Katie : Yes maam. My friend and I it
a. sweep
b. swept
c. will sweep
d. have swept
10. Windi : Look ! The flowers are beautiful. Who
them?
Lola : I did, and I watered them regularly.
a. are planting
b. planted
c. plants
d. plant

Ihsan
: Have you ever been to Bali?
Disit
: Yes, I have
Ihsan : When ?
Didit
: Last year.
a. will you go there
b. have you go there
c. did you go there
d. are you going there
Ina
Ria
Ina
Ria

: Wow, this floor is so clean.

: Thanks. My servant (19) it
: How many times does she (20) it?
: Twice a day.

19. a. sweep b. swept

20. a. sweep b. sweeps

c. will sweep d. has swept

c. sweeping d. has swept