Limites Trigonomtricos Resolvidos

Sete pginas e 34 limites resolvidos

senx
=1
x0 x

Usar o limite fundamental e alguns artifcios :

lim

0
x
x
lim
= , uma indeterminao.
=?
x 0 sen x
x 0 sen x
0
x
1
1
x
lim
= lim
=
= 1 logo lim
=1
sen x
x 0 sen x
x 0 sen x
x 0 sen x
lim
x0
x
x
sen 4 x
sen 4 x
sen 4 x 0
sen y
lim 4.
= 4. lim
= ? lim
=
=4.1= 4
2. lim
x 0
y 0
x0
x0
0
4x
y
x
x
sen 4 x
lim
=4
x0
x
sen 5 x
5 sen 5 x
5 sen y 5
sen 5 x
= ? lim .
logo lim
3. lim
= lim .
=
x 0 2 x
x 0 2
y
0
x

2
y
5x
2
2x
1. lim

sen mx
=
x 0
nx

4. lim

sen 3 x
x 0 sen 2 x

5. lim

x0

logo
senmx
=
sennx

sen y
m
. lim
n y 0 y

m
m
.1=
n
n

5
2

sen mx m
=
x 0
nx
n
sen y
sen 3 x
sen 3 x
sen 3 x
lim
3.
lim

y
0
sen 3 x
3
y
3
x

0
3x = .
3x = .
lim
= lim x = lim
= .1 =
sen
t
sen
2
x
x 0 sen 2 x
x 0 sen 2 x
x0
sen 2 x
2
2
lim
lim
2.
x0 2 x
t 0 t
x
2x
sen 3 x 3
lim
=
x 0 sen 2 x
2
sen mx
sen mx
sen mx
m.
sen mx
m mx
m
x
mx
lim
= lim
= lim
=
Logo
= lim .
sen nx
x 0 sen nx
x 0 n sen nx
x 0 sen nx
x 0
n
n.
nx
nx
x

? lim

=?

3
2

6. lim

sen mx
m sen mx
= lim .
x 0
x0 n
nx
mx

logo

logo lim

senmx m
=
x 0 sennx
n
lim

7.

8.

sen x
0
tgx
tgx
tgx
sen x 1
lim
= ?
lim
=
= lim cos x = lim
. =
lim
x 0 x
x 0 x
x 0 x
x 0
x 0 cos x x
0
x
tgx
sen x
1
sen x
1
=1
lim
.
= lim
. lim
= 1 Logo lim
x 0
x 0
x 0 cos x
x 0 x
x
cos x
x
x 1
0
tg (t )
tg a 2 1
tg a 2 1
=
?

=
lim
lim
Fazendo t = a 2 1,
lim
=1
2
2
a 1 a 1
a 1 a 1
t

0
t

0
0
t

logo lim

a 1

) =1

tg a 2 1
a2 1

Limites Trigonomtricos Resolvidos

Sete pginas e 34 limites resolvidos
9. lim

x 0

x sen 3 x
x + sen 2 x

= ? lim

x 0

x sen 3 x
x + sen 2 x

0
0

f (x ) =

x sen 3 x
x + sen 2 x

sen 3 x
x.1

=
sen 5 x
x.1 +

sen 3 x

sen 3 x
sen 3 x
x.1 3.

1 3.
1 3.
x
3
.

=
3. x
3.x = 1 3 = 2 = 1 logo
lim
sen 5 x
sen 5 x
x 0
sen 5 x
1+ 5
6
3

1 + 5.
1 + 5.
x.1 + 5.

x
x
5
.
5
.
x
5
.

x sen 3 x
1
lim
=
x 0 x + sen 2 x
3
1
sen x 1 sen 2 x
1
tgx sen x
tgx sen x
10. lim
=
?

lim
=
=
lim
.
.
.
3
3
2
x 0
x 0
x0
x cos x x
1 + cos x 2
x
x
sen
x

sen
x
.
cos
x
sen x
sen x
tgx sen x cos x
sen x.(1 cos x ) sen x 1 1 cos x
cos x
. .
f (x ) =
=
=
=
=
3
3
3
x x 2 cos x
x 3 . cos x
x
x
x
sen x 1 1 cos x 1 + cos x
.
.
.
x x 2 cos x 1 + cos x
tgx sen x 1
Logo lim
=
x 0
2
x3

11. lim

1 + tgx 1 + sen x

x 0

sen x 1 1 cos 2 x
1
.
.
.
2
x cos x
1 + cos x
x

=?

lim

tgx sen x

x 0

sen x 1 sen 2 x
1
1
.
.
.
.
x 0 x
cos x x 2 1 + cos x 1 + tgx + 1 + sen x

lim

f (x ) =
lim

x 0

12.

1 + tgx 1 + senx
x3

1 + tgx 1 + sen x
x

sen x sen a
lim
xa
xa

1 + tgx 1 sen x
x3

1
sen x 1 sen 2 x
.
.
.
2
x cos x x
1 + cos x

1
1 + tgx + 1 + sen x

1 1 1 1
1 1 2 2

= 1. . . . =
1

1 + tgx + 1 + sen x

1
4
tgx sen x
x3

1
1 + tgx + 1 + sen x

1
4

=?

sen x sen a
lim
xa
xa

x a . cos x + a
)
2
2 .
lim
xa
1
xa
2.

xa
x+a
2 sen
. cos

2 =
lim
xa
xa
2.

2 sen(

= cos a

Logo lim

xa

sen x sen a
xa

= cosa

Limites Trigonomtricos Resolvidos

Sete pginas e 34 limites resolvidos
13. lim

a 0

sen ( x + a ) sen x
a

= ? lim

a 0

sen ( x + a ) sen x
a

a
2x + a
2 sen . cos

2

2
.
= cos x
lim
aa
1
a
2.
2

14.

sen ( x + a ) sen x
a 0
a

Logo lim

lim

cos( x + a ) cos x
a

1
1

sec x sec a
cos
x
cos
a
= ? lim
= lim
xa
x a
xa
xa
a+ x
ax
2. sen
. sen

cos a cos x
2
2 =
lim
= lim
x a ( x a ). cos x. cos a
xa
(x a ). cos x. cos a

a+ x
ax
2. sen
sen

1
2 .
2 .
lim
xa
1
a x cos x. cos a
2.

x2
=
x 0 1 sec x

16. lim

f (x ) =

x2
1
1
cos x
1

1 cos 2 x
x

=-senx

sec x sec a
lim
xa
xa

sen a
1
.1 .
1
cos a. cos a

=cosx

x+a+ x
xa x
2 sen
. sen

cos( x + a ) cos x
cos( x + a ) cos x
2
2

lim
= ? lim
= lim
a

0
a0
a

0
a
a
a
2x + a
a
a
2. sen
sen
. sen

2x + a
2
2
2
.
= sen x Logo
lim
= lim sen

a0
a0
a
2 a
2.

2
2
a0

15.

x+ax
x+a+ x
2 sen
. cos

2
2

.
lim
aa
1
xa
2.

sen a 1
.
cos a cos a

Logo lim

xa

? lim

sen x
x2

1
1
.
.
cos x (1 + cos x )

sec x sec a
xa

1
x2
x 2 . cos x
=
=
(
1 cos x ) 1 (1 + cos x )
cos x 1
1.(1 cos x )

.
.
cos x (1 + cos x )
cos x
x2
1

1
1
.
.
(
cos x 1 + cos x )

sen 2 x
x

a+x
ax
sen
sen

1
2
2
lim
.
.
x a
1
a x cos x. cos a

= tga. sec a

x2
= lim
x0
x 0 1 sec x

cos a cos x
lim cos x. cos a
xa
xa

= tga. sec a

2
=

1
1
.
(
cos x 1 + cos x )

Limites Trigonomtricos Resolvidos

Sete pginas e 34 limites resolvidos
17.

1 cot gx
lim
1 tgx
x

1 cot gx
lim
1 tgx
x

=?

1.(1 tgx )
tgx
lim

tgx
1

= lim

1 cos x
3

18. lim

1
tgx

= 1

tgx 1
tgx
= lim
1 tgx
x

1 cos x
3

sen 2 x

x0

= lim

x 0

Logo lim

= ? lim

sen 2 x

x0

1
tgx
lim

x 1 tgx
1

1 cot gx
1 tgx

= -1

(1 cos x ).(1 + cos x + cos 2 x ) =

1 cos 2 x

(1 cos x ).(1 + cos x + cos 2 x ) = lim 1 + cos x + cos 2 x = 3

1 cos 3 x
3
Logo lim
=
2
x 0
x
0
x

(1 cos x )(. 1 + cos x )

1 + cos x
2
2
sen x
sen x.(1 + 2. cos x )
sen 3 x
sen 3 x
19. lim
= ? lim
= lim
= 3

lim

1 2. cos x

1 2. cos x

sen 3 x
sen ( x + 2 x )
sen x. cos 2 x + sen 2 x. cos x
sen x. 2 cos 2 x 1 + 2. sen x. cos x. cos x
=
=
=
=
1 2. cos x 1 2. cos x
1 2. cos x
1 2. cos x
sen x. 2 cos 2 x 1 + 2 cos 2 x
sen x. 4 cos 2 x 1
sen x.(1 2.cox )(
. 1 + 2.cox )
sen x.(1 + 2. cos x )
=
=
=
1 2. cos x
1 2. cos x
1 2. cos x
1
f (x ) =

[(

sen x cos x
1 tgx
4

20. lim
x

=?

sen x cos x
1 tgx
4

lim

= lim ( cos x ) =
x

sen x cos x
f (x ) =
1 tgx

sen x cos x
sen x cos x
sen x cos x
=
=
=
sen x
sen x
cos x sen x
1
1
cos x
cos x
cos x
sen x cos x
cos x

= cos x
.
1
cos x sen x
21. lim (3 x ). cos sec(x ) = ? lim (3 x ). cos sec(x ) = 0.
x3

sen x cos x
1.(sen x cos x )
cos x

x3

f (x ) = (3 x ). cos sec(x) = (3 x ).

1
. sen (3 x )
(3 x )

2
2

1
1
3 x
3 x
=
=
=

.
sen
3
x )
(
sen (x ) sen ( x ) sen (3 x )
.(3 x )

lim (3 x ). cos sec(x ) = lim

x3

x3

1
. sen (3 x )
(3 x )

1
x

x +

t 0

1
1
22. lim x. sen( ) = ? lim x. sen( ) = .0
x
x
x
x
1
sen
sen t
x
lim
= lim
=1
1
t 0 t
x
x

Fazendo t =

Limites Trigonomtricos Resolvidos

Sete pginas e 34 limites resolvidos

1 + sen
2. sen 2 x + sen x 1
2. sen 2 x + sen x 1
1 + sen x
6 =
lim
=
23. lim
lim
=
=
?

x 2. sen 2 x 3. sen x + 1
x 1 + sen x
x 2. sen x 3. sen x + 1
6
6
6
1 + sen
6

1
sen x .(sen x + 1)
1+
2
(sen x + 1) = 1 + sen x
2
2. sen x + sen x 1
2 =3
=
f (x ) =
=
2
1
1

2. sen x 3. sen x + 1
(sen x 1) 1 + sen x
1+
sen x .(sen x 1)
2
2

x
x
x
24. lim(1 x ).tg = ? lim(1 x ).tg = 0. f (x ) = (1 x ).tg =

x 1
x
1
2
2


2
2
2

2
.(1 x ).
(
1 x)
x

(1 x ). cot g =
= 2
=
x
x
x
x
2 2
tg tg
tg tg
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2

x
.(1 x )

2
2 2
2
2
2
x

lim(1 x ).tg = lim

=
Fazendo uma mudana de varivel,
=
(
)
tg
t
x 1

1
x
x
2

tg lim
2 2 t 0 t

temos :

x

2 2
x x 1
t=
2 x t 0

1 x 2
=
x 1 sen (x )

25. lim
f (x ) =

1 x 2
sen x

1+ x
1 x 2
= lim
x 1 sen (x )
x 1 . sen ( x )
( x )

? lim

(1 x )(. 1 + x ) =
sen ( x )

1+ x
1+ x
=
sen ( x ) . sen ( x )
(1 x )
.(1 x )

1+ x
. sen ( x )
( x )

26. lim cot g 2 x. cot g x = ? lim cot g 2 x. cot g x = .0

x 0
x

0
2

tgx
1 tg 2 x 1 tg 2 x
tgx

f (x ) = cot g 2 x. cot g x = cot g 2 x.tgx =

=
= tgx.
=
2tgx
2.tgx
2
2

tg 2 x
1 tg 2 x

1 tg 2 x

lim cot g 2 x. cot g x = lim

x 0
2
2
x0

27. lim

x 0

f (x ) =

cos x 3 cos x
sen 2 x
cos x 3 cos x
sen 2 x

t = 2.3 cos x = 6 cos x

= lim

t 1 1 +

t3 t2
1 t 12

x 0

t 1

1
2

t2
t + t 2 + ... + t 10 + t 11

t 2 .(1 t )

1
12

(1 t ).(1 + t + t 2 + ... + t 10 + t 11 )
t 6 = cos x ,

t 12 = cos 2 x ,

t2
1 + t + t 2 + ... + t 10 + t 11
sen 2 x = 1 t 12

Limites Trigonomtricos Resolvidos

Sete pginas e 34 limites resolvidos
BriotxRuffini :
1
0
0
1

1
1
1
1
1

...
...
...

0
1
1

sen 2 x cos 2 x 1
=
cos x sen x
4

28. lim

-1
1
0

sen 2 x cos 2 x 1
cos x sen x
4

? lim

= lim
( 2. cos x ) = 2. cos

= 2.

2
2

sen 2 x cos 2 x 1 2. sen x cos x 2 cos 2 x 1 1 2. sen x. cos x 2 cos 2 x + 1 1

=
=
=
cos x sen x
cos x sen x
cos x sen x
2. sen x. cos x 2 cos 2 x
2. cos x.(cos x sen x )
= 2. cos x
=
cos x sen x
cos x sen x
sen ( x 1)
sen (x 1)
1 sen (x 1) 2 x 1 + 1
= lim .
= ? lim
.
=1
29. lim
x 1 2 x 1 1
x 1 2
x 1
(x 1)
1
2x 1 1
f (x ) =

f (x ) =

sen (x 1)

2x 1 1

sen (x 1)

2x 1 1

2x 1 + 1

2x 1 + 1

1 sen (x 1) 2 x 1 + 1
.
.
2 (x 1)
1

1 2. cos x
=

x
x
3
3

30. lim

sen ( x 1) 2 x 1 + 1 sen ( x 1) 2 x 1 + 1
.
=
.
=
2x 1 1
1
2.(x 1)
1

1 2. cos x
=

x
x
3
3

lim

sen 3
+ x
2

=
lim 2. sen 3
.
x
2

3
2

+
2

3 . = 2. sen 3 . = 2. sen . = 2. 3 = 3
2. sen 3

2
2
2

+ x
x

2.( 2 ) sen 3
.
sen

2
2 . cos
cos x
x
2
3

=
=
=

1.2. 3
3

sen 3
+ x
2

= 2. sen 3 .
2 x

3
2

1 cos 2 x
2. sen x
lim
=2
= lim
x 0 x. sen x
x
x

1
2 .
cos
1 2. cos x
f (x ) =
= 2

x
x
3
3
+ x
x

2. sen 3
.
sen
2
2

x
3

1 cos 2 x
31. lim
=?
x 0 x. sen x

Limites Trigonomtricos Resolvidos

Sete pginas e 34 limites resolvidos
2
2
1 cos 2 x 1 1 2 sen x 1 1 + 2 sen 2 x 2. sen x 2. sen x
=
f (x ) =
=
=
=
x. sen x
x. sen x
x
x. sen x
x. sen x

32. lim

x 0

x
1 + sen x 1 sen x

= ? lim

x 0

=1
f (x ) =

x
1 + sen x 1 sen x

x. 1 + sen x + 1 sen x
2. sen x

)=

x
1 + sen x 1 sen x

x. 1 + sen x + 1 sen x
1 + sen x (1 sen x )

1 + sen x + 1 sen x
sen x
2.
x

= lim

x 0

1 + sen x + 1 sen x
2. sen x
x

) = x.( 1 + sen x +

1+1
2.1

1 sen x
1 + sen x 1 + sen x

1+1
2.1

)=

=1

cos 2 x
cos x + sen x
2
2
=
= lim
+
= 2

x
0
1
2
2
cos x sen x
cos 2 x.(cos x + sen x ) cos 2 x.(cos x + sen x )
cos 2 x
cos 2 x.(cos x + sen x )
=
=
f (x ) =
=
cos x sen x
(cos x sen x )(. cos x + sen x )
cos 2 x
cos 2 x sen 2 x

33. lim

x0

cos 2 x.(cos x + sen x ) cos x + sen x

=
cos 2 x
1

34.

2
2
+
2
2

2
3

sen x
2.
2

lim

x
x
3
3

3 2. sen x
3 2. sen x
lim
=?
lim
=

x
x
x

3
3
3
3

3x
+ 3x
x
+ x

. cos 3

2. sen 3
2. sen 3 . cos 3
2
2
2
2

= lim
lim

3x

x
x
x
3
3
3
3
3x
+ 3x
2. sen
. cos

6

6

lim

1.( 3 x )
x
3
3

2. sen sen x
3

lim

x
x
3
3

35. ?