BI TP AAS:

BI TP CC PP PHN TCH HA L
Bi tp v phng php ng chun
Bi 1: xc nh hm lng Cu trong mt mu phn tch, ngi ta cn 10 gng
mu v x l mu bng cc dung dch thch hp, axit ho a dung dch v
pH<2.Cho dung dch x l ny vo bnh nh mc 100 ml, thm nc cho n
vch. Dung dch ny em o ph AAS bc sng =324,4 nm th cng vch
ph o c A= 0,371.
Dy mu chun o bng phng php AAS bc sng 324,4 nm c kt qu
nh sau:
STT
Nng Cu ( g/ml)
hp th A
1
5,0
0,4886
2
4,0
0,39038
3
3,0
0,29216
4
2,0
0,19394
5
1,0
0,09572
Xc nh hm lng Cu c trong mu phn tch?
Gii
T php o cc dung dch chun ta dng c ng chun: A= f(C) nh sau:
B

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

Phng trnh ng chun : A= 0,09822C- 0,0025

hp th A ca cht phn tch nm trong vng ca ng chun, do vy t
th ta ni suy ra nng ca Cu trong mu phn tch l 3,803 g/ml
Vy hm lng ca Cu trong mu phn tch l:
3,803.10 6.100
.100 3,803.103%
10
Bi 2: Xc nh ion Ca2+ trong mt mu nc cng. Ngi ta xy dng mt dy
dung dch chun kho st iu kin ti u v o cng ph hp th nguyn t
bng phng php ngn la n kh N2O- C2H2 bc sng 422,7 nm. Kt qu nh
sau:
Co ( g/ml) C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
C6
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
0,25
0,3
0,35
Ao
0,2450

A1
0,4825

A2
0,7200

A3
0,9575

A4
1,1950

A5
1,4325

A6
1,6700
1

1. Xy dng phng trnh ng chun

2. Ly 3 lit nc c cn c 4 mg cht rn. Ho tan trong dung dch
HCl 1% ri kho st cc iu kin ti u nh dy dung dch chun v o A
bc sng 422,7 nm thu c A=2,1450. Xc nh hm lng Ca 2+ trong
1 lt nc.
Gii
1.Xydngphngtrnhngchun
B
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

Vy phng trnh ng chun l: A = 0,0075 + 4,75.Cx

2. Khi A = 2,145 t phng trnh bng chun ta tnh c nng
canxi trong nc cng l:
CCa 2

2,145 0, 0075
0, 45 g/ml
4, 75

Vy hm lng ca Can xi trong 1 lt nc cng l:0,45 g/ml

Bi 3: Ngy nay xc nh s nhim Hg ca cc dung dch nc bng
phng php hp th nguyn t ngi ta dng phng php khng ngn
la mi ca s phun m.Thit b gm mt bnh kh Hg ni vi mt cu
vt hp th. 10 ml mu nc vo bnh kh Hg v pha long n 100
ml, sau thm vo 25 ml H 2SO4 m c v 10 ml SnSO 4 10 %, H2SO4
0,25 M (dung dch cui ny dng lm cht kh). Thu ngn b kh n
trng thi nguyn t (nguyn t)v c chuyn vo cu vt hp th bi
dng khng kh, ngi ta cho dng khng kh ny i qua dng dung dch
trong bnh kh Hg. Cui cng, dng n catt rng lm ngun, ngi ta
o s hp th ca cc nguyn t Hg bc sng 2537 Ao , s hp th t
c mc cc i gn 3 pht.
Ngi ta nhn c cc gi tr sau ca hp th i vi dy cc dung
dch chun ca Hg(II):
Hm lng Hg trong
hp th

dung dch chun, g

0,00
0,002
0,30
0,090
0,60
0,175
1,00
0,268
2,00
0,440
Cc gi tr ca hp th ca hai mu nc bng 0,040 v 0,305
tng ng.Vy hm lng ca Hg trong tng mu bng bao nhiu? Nng
( g/ml) ca Hg trong tng mu bng bao nhiu?
Gii
2

S dng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh tm A theo CX. Ta xy dng

phng trnh tuyn tnh c dng A= a + b.CX (*)
p dng phng php bnh phng ti thiu ta c:
Q ( Ai a b.C i ) 2min

Q
2.( Ai a b.C i ) 0
a

(1)

Q
2C i (Ai a bC i ) 0
b

n.C i Ai C i Ai
nC i2 (C i ) 2

Ai
C i
b
n
n

(2)

Trong : n l s ln th nghim, n=5

Ci l hm lng Hg trong mu dung dch chun
Ai l hp th quang tng ng vi Ci
Thay s vo (1) v (2) ta c:
b = 0,21574
a = 0,02672
Thay gi tri a,b vo (*) ta c: A= 0,02672 + 0,21574CX
Khi A=0,04 th CX = 0,0616 g tc l hm lng Hg trong mu chun ny l
0,0616 g. V nng Hg l 0,0616/10 = 0,00616 g/ ml
Khi A=0,305 th C= 1,2902 g.V nng ca Hg l 1,2902/10=0,129 g /ml
Bi 4: C th dng php o ph hp th nguyn t xc nh cc vt cc kim loi
nng trong du mazut. phn tch 5,000 g mu ca loi du mazut dng, ngi
ta t vo mt bnh nh mc c dung tch 25,00 ml, ho tan vo 2- metyl-4pentanol v bng dung mi ny a th tch trong bnh n vch. Sau phun m
dung dch nhn c trong ngn la khng kh axetilen. xc nh Cu v Pb cn
dng cc n catot rng vi cc vch pht x 324,7 v 283,3 nm tng ng.
nhn c cc th chun cn mt dy cc dung dch chun cha nhng lng
bit ca Cu v Pb trong hn hp tng ng vi du mazut cha dng v 2-metyl-4pentanol.Tnh hm lng % ca Cu v Pb trong 5,000g mu du mazut dng
theo cc s liu sau:
Dungdch
chun(
hp th
g/ml )
Pb
Cu
283,3nm (Pb)
324,7nm (Cu)
19,5
5,25
0,356
0,514
4,00
4,00
0,073
0,392
12,1
6,27
0,220
0,612
8,50
0
0,155
0,101
15,2
2,4
0,277
0,232
Cha bit
Cha bit
0,247
0,371
Gii
S dng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh tm A theo CX. Ta xy dng
phng trnh tuyn tnh c dng A= a + b.CX (*)
p dng phng php bnh phng ti thiu ta c:
Q ( Ai a b.C i ) 2min

Q
2.( Ai a b.C i ) 0
a

n.C i Ai C i Ai
nC i2 (C i ) 2

(1)

Q
2C i (Ai a bC i ) 0
b

Ai
C i
b
n
n

(2)

Trong : n l s ln th nghim, n=5(vi Pb), n=4 (vi Cu)

Ci l nng ca Pb hoc Cu trong mu dung dch chun
Ai l hp th quang tng ng vi Ci
Thay cc gi tr Ci, Ai tng ng ca Cu v Pb vo (1) v (2) ta c:
Phng trnh tuyn tnh ca Pb dng A= a + bCX ta c:
b=0,01825, a= -0,00024
Vy phng trnh tuyn tnh ca Pb l: A= 0,01825CX - 0,00024
Vi A= 0,247 th Cx=13,55 g /ml
Hm lng ca Pb trong 5g mu du mazut l:
% Pb =

13,55.25.10 6
100% = 0,00678%
5

Phng trnh tuyn tnh ca Cu dng A= a + bCX ta c:

b=0,09822, a= -0,00253
Vy phng trnh tuyn tnh ca Cu l: A= 0,09822.CX - 0,00253
Vi A= 0,371 th Cx=3,8 g /ml
Hm lng ca Cu trong 5g mu du mazut l:
%Cu

3,8.25.10 6
100% 0,0019%
5

Bi 5: xc nh hm lng ca mt kim loi trong mt mu phn tch bng ph

hp th nguyn t, ngi ta s dng phng php ng chun. Dy mu chun
c chun b trong nhng iu kin nh nhau, em o ph AAS v xy dng
ng chun ngi ta c phng trnh tuyn tnh A= 0,4342.Cx+0,0009
(CX tnh bng ppm)
a, Xc nh nng ca mu chun khi A= 0,682; 0,245
b, Tnh hm lng kim loi trong mu khi A = 0,565
Gii
T phng trnh: A= 0,4342.Cx+0,0009 C x

A 0,0009
0,4342

a. Khi A= 0,682 th Cx= 1,5686

Khi A= 0,245 th Cx= 0,5622 ppm
b. Khi A= 0,565 th Cx= 1,2992 ppm
Phn trm kim loi trong mu l:
%kim loi =

1,2992.10 6
100% 1,2992.10 4 %
1

Bi tp v phng php thm:

Bi 1: xc nh Mg trong mt mu nc cng, ngi ta ly 5 lt nc em c
cn thu c 5g cht rn. Ho tan cht rn vo 100 ml dung dch HCl 1% v kho
st cc iu kin ti u ri tin hnh hai th nghim sau:
Th nghim 1: ly 25 ml dung dch trn em o ph hp th nguyn t bc
sng 285,2 nm thu c cng ph hp th A1 = 0,3420
Th nghim 2: Thm 3 ml dung dch MgCl 2 1 g/ml vo 25 ml dung dch trn
v o phng php ph hp th nguyn t c A2 =0,3817
Xc nh hm lng % ca Mg trong mu nc cng. Cho phng trnh
chun c dng A=K.C (vi C mol/l)
Gii
Phng trnh ng chun ca ph hp th : A = K.C
4

Gi nng ca Mg trong 25 ml dd l CX
Ta c: A1 = K. Cx
C x .25
3.10 _ 6

]
25 3 24.(25 3)
Cx
A1

_6
Lp t l ta thu c: A2 C x .25 3.1.10
25 3 24.(25 3)

A2 = K [

Cx= 2.10-8 M
Vy hm lng Mg trong mu nc cng l:
2.10 _ 8.24.100
.100% 9, 6.10 _ 7 %
=> %Mg =
1000.5

Bi 2: Xc nh hm lng ca Mn bng phng php AAS, ngi ta em o dung

dch A bc sng 4033 nm th cng vch ph hp th l 0,45. Dung dch B
c hm lng Mn nh dung dch A cng thm mt lng 100 g/ml Mn, c cng
vch hp th l 0,835. Xc nh hm lng Mn trong dung dch A.
Gii
p dng cng thc : A = K.C
Ta c: Vi dung dch X : Ax = K. CX (1)
Vi dung dch Y : AY = K. CY
(2)
Ly (2) chia cho (1) ta c:
AY
C 100
X
AX
CX
100. AX
CX
AY AX

Thay s vo ta c: CX = 116,88 g / mL
Bi 3: xc nh hm lng Pb trong nc tiu nh php o ph hp th
nguyn t c th dng phng php thm chun. Tng 50,00 ml nc tiu c
chuyn vo mi phu di c dung tch 100 ml, thm vo mt phu 300 l dung dch
chun cha 50,0 mg/l Pb. Sau pH ca dung dch c a n 2,8 bng cch
thm tng git dung dch HCl. Trong mi phiu ngi ta a vo 500 l dung dch
amoni pyroliinithiocacbaminat mi chun b 4% trong metyl-n-amylxeton, trn
cn thn cc pha nc v pha hu c chit Pb. Hm lng ca Pb trong pha hu
c c xc nh bng phng php hp th nguyn t, mt khc ngi ta dng n
catot rng vi ng hp th 283,3 n.m. Nng Pb bng bao nhiu mg/l trong
mu nc tiu ban u, nu s hp th ca dch chit ca mu khng thm Pb l
0,325, cn dch chit ca mu pha thm lng Pb bit l 0,670.
Gii
Gi nng Pb trong 50 ml nc tiu l Cx ta c:
A1= K. Cx
50.C x
0,3.50.10 _ 3

)
50 0,3 207.(50 0,3)
Cx
A1 0,325

50Cx
0,3.50.10 _ 3
Ta c: A2 0, 670

50 0,3 207(50 0,3)

A2= K. C2 = K. (

Gii phng trnh trn ta c Cx= 4,15.10-6 M

Nng Pb tnh theo n v mg/l trong mu nc tiu ban u l:
4,15.10_6.207.1000 = 0,85905 mg/l
5

Bi 4: xc nh Cu2+ trong mu phn tch bng phng php AAS, ngi ta

ch ho 0,628g mu vo bnh nh mc 50 ml v nh mc n vch. Ly 25ml
dung dch ny em c cn ri bm ton b mu vo my o AAS khe o 424,7
nm th gi tr Ax o c l 0,246. Ly 25 ml dung dch cn li thm vo 2 ml
dung dch chun Cu2+ 10-4 M, ri cng tin hnh c cn v chuyn ton b mu vo
my o AAS v cng o khe o trn th gi tr A o c l 0,312. Tnh hm
lng phn trm Cu2+ trong mu phn tch?
Gii
2+
Gi Cx l nng ca Cu c trong mu phn tch
Theo nh lut Beer ta c: Ax = K. Cx (1)a
Tng t A1 = K. C1 (2)
=>

vi C1 =

25Cx 2.10 _ 4
27

Ax Cx
27.Cx
0, 246

=> Cx = 2,1636.10-5 M
_4
A1 C1 25C x 2.10
0,312

S mol Cu2+ c trong mu phn tch l:

nCu =

50.2,1636.10 _ 5
1, 0818.10 _ 6 mol
1000

S gam Cu2+ c trong mu phn tch l:

mCu= 1,0818.10_6.63,5= 68,6943.10_6gam
Vy % ca Cu trong mu phn tch l:
68, 6943.10 _ 6
.100 0, 011%
% Cu =
0, 6218

Phng php vi sai

Bi 1: Xc nh hm lng Fe trong mt mu qung ngi ta tin hnh th nghim
nh sau:
Ly 5gam mu qung ho tan trong dung dch HNO 3 1M c 100ml dung
dch (dd x) .
Chun b hai dung dch Fe(NO3)3 kho st iu kin chun c nng ln
lt l C1= 0,01M(dd1) v C2=0,013M(dd2)
Tin hnh hai th nghim o ph hp th nguyn t nh sau:
o cng ph hp th ca dung dch 2 so vi dung dch 1 thu c A t
=0,30
Ly 25 ml mu trn ri kho st iu kin chun v tin hnh o cng
hp th nguyn t ca ddx so vi dd1 ta c Atx =0,50
Tnh % Fe trong mu qung?.
Gii
Theo phng php vi sai nng ln ta c:
At = K.(C2- C1)
Atx = K.(Cx- C1)
Lp t l ta thu c:
A1 C2 C1

A2 Cx C1

Thay s vo v gii ta c: Cx=0,015 M

% Fe =

0, 015.100.56
.100% = 0,168 %
1000.5

Bi 2: xc nh hm lng As trong nc ngm mt vng cao nguyn, ngi

ta ly 4 lt nc em c cn thu c 6g cht rn. Ho tan lng cht rn trn bng
dung dch HNO3 2M thu c 100ml dung dch.
Chun b hai dung dch Hg(NO3)2 kho st iu kin ti u c nng
ln lt l C1= 0,001 M v C2=0,0015 M.
Tin hnh o ph hp th nguyn t nh sau: Ly 25 ml mu trn kho st
iu kin ti u v tin hnh o ph hp th nguyn t nh sau:
- o cng ph hp th nguyn t ca dd C1 so vi dd Cx c A1=0,175
- o cng ph hp th nguyn t ca dd C2 so vi dd Cx c A2=0,286
Xc nh hm lng As trong mt lt nc?
Gii.
p dng phng php vi sai nng b ta c:
A1= k.(C1- CX)
(1)
A2= k.(C2- CX)
(2)
Ly(1) chia cho (2) ta c:
A1 C1 C X

A2 C 2 C X

Thay s vo ta c:

0,001 C X
0,175

CX= 5,914.10-5M
0,268 0,0015 C X

Khi lng Asen c trong mu phn tch l:

5,914.10-5.0,1.75 = 44,355.10-5g
Vy hm lng A sen trong mt lit nc l:
%As =

44,355.10 5
100 % =0,02957%
6/4

BI TP IN PHN
Bi 1: Tin hnh in phn nng chy mt mui clorua, thu c 7,8 gam kim loi
anot v 2,24 lt kh (ktc) anot. Xc nh mui em in phn.
Gii:
Cc phn ng in cc:
catot:

Mn+ + ne

anot:

2Cl-

Phn ng:

2MCl
n

Theo phn ng: nM

M=

M
Cl2 + 2e

pnc

2M + nCl2

2
2.2,24 0,2
n Cl2

(mol)
n
n.22,4
n

m 7,8.n

39n
n
0,2

Vi n l ho tr ca kim loi; n=1,2,3 nn ta c bng:

n
1
2
3
7

39
(K)

78
(loi)

117
(loi)

Vy mui cho l KCl

Bi 2:
in phn in cc Pt dung dch cha ng thi: Cu2+: 0,100M; Ag+:
0,00100M; Zn2+: 1,00M; H+ : 0,100M v SO42-. Trnh by cc qa trnh xy ra cc
in cc. Xem PO2 = 1at
Gii:
Cc qu trnh c th xy ra:
catot: Cu2+ + 2e Cu
0, 059
E Cu 2+ /Cu = E o +
lg[Cu 2+ ]
2
= 0,34 +

0,059
log0,100=0,31V
2

Ag+ + 1e Ag

E Ag + /Ag = E o + 0, 059log[Ag + ]
=0,80 + 0,059log10-3 = 0,623V
Zn2+ + 2e Zn
0, 059
log[Zn 2+ ]
2
0, 059
= -0,76 +
log1= - 0,76V
2

E Zn 2+ /Zn = E o +

2H3O+ + 2e H2

E H O+ /H =0,059log[H3O+]=0,059 log 0,1= -0,059V

3
2
Vy catot kh nng oxi ho xy ra theo th t: Ag+ > Cu2+ > H3O+ > Zn2+
anot: 6H2O O2 + 4H3O+ + 4e
E O /H O =Eo + 0,059log[H3O+] =1,23 + 0,059log0,1 = 1,17V
2

2SO42- S2O82- + 2e; ES2O82- /SO 42- 2V

Vy: anot, nc s b oxi ho trc.
Tm li: khi in phn, u tin xy ra phn ng:
4Ag+ + 6H2O 4Ag + O2 + 4H3O+
Sau s xy ra phn ng:
2Cu2+ + 6H2O 2Cu + O2 + 4H3O+
Bi 3: Tnh in p ti thiu phi t vo 2 cc Pt c qu trnh in phn xy ra
nh trong bi tp 2 trn, cho bit I=1,5A; R = 0,50; PO = 1at ; O = 0, 08 V .
Gii:
Bi v Ea = 1,17V; Ec = 0,623V
nn V= (1,17+0,80) 0,623.0,50 = 2,097V
2

Do , c qu trnh in phn xy ra th phi t ln 2 cc mt in p ln hn

V= 2,097V
Bi 4: in phn dung dch Co2+ 0,100M v Cd2+ 0,0500M.
1.
Tnh nng Co2+ khi Cd2+ bt u b in phn.
8

2.
M.

Tnh th catot cn lm gim nng ion Co2+ xung cn 1,0.10-6

Cd2+ bt u in phn: Cd2+ + 2e

Cho E

0
Co2+ / Co

0,280V; E

0
Cd2+ / Cd

Cd

0,402V

Gii:
1. Tnh nng Co Cd2+ bt u b in phn.
Cc phn ng in cc catot:
Co2+ + 2e Co
Cd2+ + 2e Cd
2+
Cd bt u b in phn th th catot

0,059
log[Cd 2+ ]
2
0,059
Ec = 0,402 +
log0,0500= 0,440V
2
0,059
0

log[Co 2+ ]
Khi : E Co2+ / Co E c =E Co
2+
/ Co
2
0
E c =E Cd2+ / Cd E Cd

2+
/ Cd

2(E c E 0

[Co 2 ] = 10

Co2 /Co

0,059

= 10

2(-0,44 0,28)
0,059

1, 94.10 3 M

Nh vy ta khng th tch hon ton Co ra khi Cd

2. Tnh th catot nng Co2+ gim xung cn 1,0.10-6 M
Ta c: E c =E Co2+ / Co E 0Co2+ / Co
= 0,280 +

0,059
log[Co 2+ ]
2

0,059
log10-6 = 0,457V
2

Vy khi th catot cn 0,457V th nng Co2+ ch cn 1,0.10-6M (Co2+ xem

nh tch hon ton ra khi dung dch in phn)
Bi 5:
Tnh thi gian cn thit khi in phn dung dch Co(II) lm kt ta c
1. 0,500 gam Co kim loi ln catot
2. 0,602 gam Co3O4 ln anot
0
Bit cng dng in phn l 1,00A; ECo2+ / Co 0,280V
Gii:
1. Tnh thi gian in phn kt ta c 0,500 gam Co kim loi ln catot
Phn ng in cc catot: Co2+ + 2e Co
p dng nh lut Faraday ta c:

1 A
n.F.m 2.96500.5,00
m . . It t

16355,93s 4,54gi
F n
A.I
59.1
2. Tnh thi gian in phn kt ta c 0,602 gam Co3O4 ln catot
catot: 3Co2+ + 4H2O + 6e Co3O4 + 4H2

n.F.m 6.96500.0,602

14463s 4gi
A.I
241.1
9

Bi 6:
in phn dung dch NiSO4 0,100M c pH = 2,00 dng in cc Pt.
1. Tnh th catot cn thit c kt ta Ni catot
2. Tnh in p cn tc dng c qu trnh in phn u tin
3. Tnh in p phi tc dng [Ni2+] cn li bng 1,0.10-4 M.

Cho E 0Ni2 / Ni 0,230V; EO0 2 / H2O 1,23V; O2 0,80V.

in tr bnh in phn: R = 3,15 ; I =1,10A

Gii:
1. c kt ta Ni catot th th catot Ec < E Ni2 / Ni (Ni2+ + 2e

Ni)

0,059
log[Ni2+]
2
0,059
log10-1 = 0,2595V
= 0,230+
2

0
M E Ni2 / Ni = E Ni2 / Ni +

Vy c kt ta Ni xut hin catot th th catot Ec < 0,2595V

2. catot c cc qu trnh:
E Ni2 / Ni = 0,2595V
Ni2+ + 2e Ni
(1)
2H+ + 2e

H2

(2)

E2H / H = E2H

/ H2 + 0,059log [H ]
2

= 0,00 + 0,059log 10-2 = 0,118V > E Ni2 / Ni

Khi bt u in phn s xy ra qu trnh (2)

anot:
2H2O

O2 + 4H+ + 4e

E O2 /H2O = E 0O2 /H2O + 0,059 .log[H + ] 1,23 0,059log10 2 1,112V

Ta c: in p ti thiu cn t vo qu trnh in phn bt u xy ra l:
V = (Ea + a) (Ec + c) + IR
V = (1,112 + 0,80) ( 0,118 + 0,00) + 1,10 .3,15 = 5,495V
Vy khi t vo mt in p ti thiu l 5,495V th qu trnh in phn bt u xy
ra.
3. [Ni2+] cn 1,0.10- 4M th lc th catot:
Ec = E Ni2 / Ni = 0,230 +

0,059
log10-4 = 0,348V
2

Khi in p phi tc dng l:

V = (Ea + a) (Ec + c) + IR
V = (1,112 + 0,80) ( 0,348+0,00) + 1,10 .3,15 = 5,725V
Vy phi t vo mt in p bng 5,725 nng Ni 2+ cn li sau qu trnh in
phn l 1,0.10-4M
Bi 7:
Ch ho 0,1215g mt mu hp kim vi 100 ml H 2SO4 ho tan hon ton
mu. y st c chuyn vo dung dch di dng Fe 2+. Chuyn ton b dung
dch vo bnh in phn.

10

Thm 50,00 ml dung dch Ce (III) 0,0400M. in phn vi cng

dng I=0,0500A dng in cc Pt. im dng chun t c sau 511,2
giy. Tnh hm lng % Fe trong hp kim.
Gii
y, khi in phn xy ra s oxi ho Fe2+ ti anot:

Fe2+
Fe3+ +e
Khi gn kt thc in phn s xy ra s oxi ho Ce3+

Ce3+
Ce4+ +e
Ce4+ sinh ra li oxi ho hp thc Fe2+:
Ce4+ + Fe2+ Ce3+ + Fe3+
V khi ht hon ton Fe2+ th mt lng t cht in sinh Ce4+ lm tng vt th
v ta c th kt thc in phn.
AIt
55,85
=
.0, 050.511, 2 = 0, 01479gam
n.96500 1.96500
0,01479.100
12,17%.
%Fe=
0,1215

mFe=

Bi 8:
xc nh antimon dng Sb2O3 trong mu phn tch, ngi ta cn 15gam
mu ri axit ho bng HCl c dung dch cha SbCl3-6 . Thm vo dung dch thu
c lng d dung dch NaBr ri tin hnh nh lng antimon bng php chun
o in lng vi dng in I khng i, bit khi tin hnh in phn vi cng
dng 2,4125mA trong thi gian 12 pht.
a. Vit cc phn ng xy ra
b.

Tnh hm lng Sb2O3 theo n v ppm. Cho MSb2O3 = 291,5.

Gii:
Phn ng xy ra khi ho tan mu:
Sb2O3 + 12HCl 2H3[SbCl6] + 3H2O
Anot: [SbCl6]3- [SbCl6]- + 2e
2Br- Br2 + 2e
Catot: 2H+ + 2e H2
Phn ng xy ra khi chun o in lng:
[SbCl6]3- + Br2 [SbCl6]- + 2Brp dng nh lut Faraday, ta c:
ppm(Sb2O3)=

1 2,4125.10-3.12.60.106
=87,45
.
96500
15

Bi 9:

nh gi qu trnh in phn dung dch CuSO4 1M trong H2SO4 1M bit

O (trn Pt)= 0,52V; mt dng 0,05mA/cm2.
Cu(trn Pt) khng ng k;
1.Tnh in p ti thiu xy ra qu trnh in phn.
2. Nu trong qu trnh in phn thit lp in p 2V; coi in p anot l
khng i(vi CH+ =2M) th c th tch hon ton Cu2+ trn catot khng?
Gii:
1. Tnh in p ti thiu:
2

catot: Cu2+, H+, H2O

11

Phn ng:
Cu2+ + 2e Cu;
Ec = 0,34V
anot: SO42 , H2O
Phn ng: 2H2O O2 + 4H+ + 4e;
Ea=1,23 +

0, 059
log(2) 4 + 0,52 =1,77V
4

12

Vy, qu trnh in phn xy ra th in p ti thiu l:

V= 1,77 - 0,34 = 1,43(V)
2. Nu in p l 2V th th catot s l:
Ec = 1,77 2 = - 0,23V
p dng phng trnh Nerst:
0, 059
lg[Cu 2+ ] = -0,23
2

0,34 +

log[Cu2+]=

2
.(-0,23- 0,34) [Cu 2+ ] 10-19 M
0,059

Vt, c th tch hon ton Cu2+ khi catot.

Bi 10:
in phn dung dch NaCl dng in cc catot l hn hng Hg dng chy
u v dng cc Titan bc Ruteni v Roi lm anot. Khong cch gia catot v
anot ch vi mm.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra cc in cc khi mi bt u in
phn(pH = 7). Tnh cc gi tr th in cc v th phn gii( th phn hu).
2. Sau khi in phn mt thi gian, pH tng ln 11. Hy gii thch ti sao?
Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra pH
Tnh th in cc v th phn gii.
o
Cho bit: E Na+ /Na = - 2,71V
E oH O+ /H = 0,00V
3
2
E oO /H O = 1,23V
2 2
E Na + / Na(Hg) =-1,78V vi NaCl 25% v 0,2% Na trong hn hng
ECl

2 /2Cl

=1,34V cho dung dch NaCl 25% (khi lng)

H2 (trn Hg) = 1,3V; O2 (trn Ru/Rd) =0,8V

(Theo thi olympic Ho hc ti o 1996)
Gii
1. Trong dung dch NaCl c: NaCl Na++Cl2H2O

H3O+ + OH-

Khi in phn:
Catot: Na+ + Hg +e

Na(Hg)

2 x2H2O

H3O++ OH-

2 H3O++2e

H2 + 2H2O

2H2O +2e

H2 +2OH-

Anot: 6H2O

(1)

O2 +4H3O +4e

(2)
(3)

2Cl-

Cl2 +2e

(4)

0
ENa

/Na( Hg) = -1,78V

E2H O / H = 0,00 + 0,095 lg 10-7= -0,413V

3
2
E2' H O / H = ( E2H O / H + H2 ) = (-0,413- 1,3) = -1,713V
3
2
3
2
'
0
0
Bi v E2H O / H (-1,713 V) > ENa /Na(Hg) (-1,87V) > E(Na /Na)

Nn khi mi bt u in phn catot qu trnh xy ra s l qu trnh (2), c

H2 gii phng catot.
anot: t (3) ta c
EO2 / H2O = EO02 / H2O + 0,059 log[ H3O+ ] = 1,23+0,059 log 10-7 = 0,817V
EO' 2 / H2O = EO2 / H2O + O2 = 0,817+ 0,80 = 1,617V
'
Bi v ECl /2Cl (= 1,34) < EO / H O (= 1,617V) nn anot xy ra qu trnh (4), c
Cl2 thot ra.

Vy phn ng xy ra khi in phn:

H2 + 2OH-

2Cl-

Cl2 + 2e

2Cl- + 2H2O

H2 + Cl2 + 2OH-

2H2O + 2e

Th phn gii: V = Ea +Ec = 1,34+1,713 = 3,053 V

2. Sau mt thi gian in phn, nng OH- tng ln nn pH tng, t ti 11.
pH =11, phn ng in phn xy ra
catot: pH = 11, [ H3O+] = 10-11
E2H O / H = 0,00+ 0,059 lg 10-11 = -0,649V
3
2
E2' H O / H = -0,649-1,3 = -1,949V
3
2
'
Bi v E Na / Na(Hg) (-1,78V) > E2H O
qu trnh (1) xy ra.
+

/ H2

(-1,949V) > Eo(Na+ /Na) nn catot c

anot:
EO2 / H2O = 1,23+0,059 lg 10-11 = 0,58V
EO' 2 / H2O = EO2 / H2O + O2 ) = 0,581+0,80 =1,381V

'
Bi v ECl /2Cl (1,34V) < EO / H O (1,381V) nn anot vn c Cl2 thot ra
2

Qu trnh in phn:
2x

Na(Hg)

Cl2 + 2e

Na + Hg +e
2Cl-

2Na+ +2Cl- +2 Hg
Th phn gii:

Cl2+ 2Na(Hg)

V = Ea Ec = 1,34 + 1,78 = 3,12V

BI TP O TH
LYMPIC HA HC SINH VIN TON QUC 2003 (Bng A):
Brom lng tc dng c vi H3PO3 theo phn ng:
H3PO3 + Br2 + H2O H3PO4 + 2H+ + 2Br1) Tnh hng s cn bng ca phn ng 298K
2) Tnh th in cc chun Eo(H3PO4/H3PO3) nu bit Eo(Br2/2Br-) =
1,087V
3) Tnh th in cc chun Eo(H3PO3/H3PO2) nu bit Eo(H3PO4/H3PO2) =
1,087V
Cho bit cc s liu sau 298K:
o
tt
o

H+(dd)
0
0

H3PO4(dd)
-1308
-108

Br-(dd)
-141
83

H3PO3(dd)
-965
167

Br2(l)
0
152

H2O(l)
-286
70

H (kJ/mol)
S (J/mol.K)
BI GII:
1) Hop = -339kJ
Sop = -331JK-1.
Gop = -240,362kJ lgK 42,125 K = 1,33.1042.
2) Gop = -nFEop Eop = 1,245V
Eo(Br2/2Br-) - Eo(H3PO4/H3PO3) = Eop = 1,245V
Eo(H3PO4/H3PO3) = -0,158V - 0,16V
3) H3PO4 + 4H+ + 4e H3PO2 + 2H2O
Eo1 = - 0,39V (1)
H3PO4 + 2H+ + 2e H3PO3 + H2O
Eo1 = - 0,16V (2)
Ly phng trnh (1) (2) ta c: H3PO2 + 2H+ + 2e H3PO2 + H2O
Eo3 = ?
Go3 = Go1 - Go2 -2FEo3 = -4FEo1 (-2FEo2) Eo3 = -0,62V
2. OLYMPIC HA HC SINH VIN TON QUC 2003 (Bng A):
Cho bit cc th in cc chun: Eo(Cu2+/Cu) = 0,34V; Eo(Cu2+/Cu+) =
0,15V; Eo(I2/2I-) = 0,54V.
1) Hi ti sao ngi ta c th nh lng Cu2+ trong dung dch nc thng qua
dung dch KI? Cho bit thm rng dung dch bo ho ca CuI trong nc
nhit thng (25oC) c nng l 10-6M

2) S dng tnh ton xc nh xem Cu c tc dng c vi HI gii

phng kh H2 hay khng?
3) Mui Cu2SO4 c bn trong nc hay khng? Gii thch.
BI GII:
1)
Cu2+ + e Cu+
Eo1 = 0,15V
Cu2+ + I- + e CuI
Eo2 = ?

Cu I
Cu
K
] = [I ] = 1M Cu
I 10

E 2o E1o 0,059 lg

[Cu2+

12

Eo2 = 0,15 + 0,059lg1012 = 0,86 > Eo(I2/I-)

Vy c phn ng: Cu2+ + 3I- CuI + I2.
nh lng I2 theo phn ng: I2 + Na2S2O3 Na2S4O6 + 2NaI
2)
Cu2+ + 2e Cu
Eo1 = 0,34V
Cu2+ + e Cu+
Eo2 = 0,15V
Cu+ + e Cu
Eo3 = 0,34.2 0,15 = 0,53V
CuI + e Cu + IEo4 = Eo3 + 0,059lg10-12 = -0,17V
Vy c phn ng: 2Cu + 2HI 2CuI + H2
3)
Cu+ + e Cu
Eo1 = 0,53V
Cu2+ + e Cu+
Eo2 = 0,15V
2Cu+ Cu + Cu2+
Eo = 0,53 0,15 = 0,38V
Vy Cu2SO4 l mui tan trong nc, khng bn trong dung dch:
Cu2SO4 Cu + CuSO4
3. OLYMPIC HA HC SINH VIN TON QUC 2005 (Bng A):
loi tr cc ion NO3- trong nc (cc ion NO3- c mt trong nc xut
pht t phn bn) c th kh n thnh NO2- bng cch cho i qua li c cha bt
Cd.
1) Vit na phn ng ca hai cp NO3-/HNO2 v HNO2/NO trong mi trng
axit. Chng minh rng HNO2 b phn hy trong mi trng pH = 0 n 6.
2) pH = 7, nng NO3- l 10-2M. Vit phn ng gia Cd v NO3-. Hi NO3c b kh hon ton 25oC trong iu kin ny khng? Tnh nng NO3cn li trong nc khi cn bng.
3) Tnh th kh (th oxy ha - kh) chun ca cp NO3-/NO2- pH = 14 v
25oC
Cho bit cc s liu sau 25oC: Eo(NO3-/HNO2) = 0,94V; Eo(HNO2/NO) =
0,98V; Eo(Cd2+/Cd) = -0,40V; Ka(HNO2) = 5.10-4; Ks(Cd(OH)2) = 1,2.10-14.
BI GII:
1)
NO3- + 3H+ + 2e HNO2 + H2O;
Eo = 0,94V
HNO2 + H+ + e NO + H2O;
Eo = 0,98V
pH = 0 th Eo(HNO2/NO) > Eo(NO3-/HNO2) nn HNO2 b phn hy theo
phn ng:

3HNO2 NO3- + 2NO + H+ + H2O

pH = 6 th:
Eo(NO3-/HNO2) = 0,94 + 0,059/2(lg10-6) =
Eo(HNO2/NO) = 0,98 + 0,059lg10-6 = 0,626V
Eo(HNO2/NO) vn ln hn Eo(NO3-/HNO2) nn HNO2 vn khng bn
2)
Cd + NO3- + H2O Cd2++ NO2- + 2OHGi thit phn ng l hon ton th [Cd2+] = [NO3-]b = 10-2M
pH = 7 th [Cd2+] = Ks/[OH-]2 = 1,2M. Nng Cd2+ sau phn ng nh
hn nhiu so vi 1,2M nn khng c kt ta Cd(OH)2.
tnh [NO3-] khi cn bng cn tnh hng s cn bng K ca phn ng trn:
Cd + NO3- + H2O + 3H+ K Cd2+ + NO2- + 2OH- + 3H+
K1

K1

Cd2+ + HNO2 + 2H2O K Cd2+ + H+ + NO2- + 2H2O

K = K1.K2.K3.
2

lg K 1

2(0,94 0,40)
45,42 K 1 2,65.10 45
0,059

K 2,65.10 45.5.10 4.(10 14 ) 2 1,325.1014

Hng s K rt ln nn phn ng gn nh hon ton. pH = 7 ta c:

Cd
+
NO3- +
H2 O
Cd2+ +
NO2+ 2OHNcb:
(10-2 x) =
x = 10-2
x = 10-2
10-7
Nh vy ta c:

3)

10 2.10 2.(10 7 ) 2
NO3 7,55.10 33 M

o
2( E NO

0, 40)
o
3 / NO2
lg K 1
E NO

0,017V
3 / NO2
0,059

1,325.1014

4.OLYMPIC HA HC SINH VIN TON QUC 2005 (Bng A):

C th ho tan hon ton 100mg bc kim loi trong 100ml dung dch amoniac
nng 0,1M khi tip xc vi khng kh c khng?
Cho bit nguyn t khi ca Ag = 107,88; hng s in li baz ca amoniac
l Kb = 1,74.10-5; cc hng s bn ca phc [Ag(NH3)i]+ tng ng l: lg1 =
3,32(i = 1) v lg2 = 6,23(i = 2).
Cc th kh (th oxy ha - kh) chun 25oC: Eo(Ag+/Ag) = 0,799V;
o
E (O2/OH-) = 0,401V. p sut ring phn ca oxy trong khng kh l 0,2095atm.
Phn ng c thc hin 25oC.
BI GII:
NAg = 0,100 : 107,88 = 9,27.10-4mol
S mol cc i ca NH3 cn to phc l: 9,27.10-4 . 2 = 1,854.10-3M
ngha l nh hn nhiu so vi s mol NH3 c trong dung dch (10-2M). Vy NH3
rt d ho tan lng Ag nu xy ra phn ng.

Chng ta s kim tra kh nng ho tan theo quan im in ha v nhit

ng:
Ag+ + e Ag

E1 = Eo1 + 0,059lg[Ag+]
E 2 E 2o

PO2
0,059
lg
4
OH

O2 + 4e + H2O 4OHKhi cn bng E1 = E2. Trong dung dch NH3 = 0,1M (lng NH3 phn
ng khng ng k) ta c: [OH-] = (Kb.C)1/2 = 1,32.10-3M
E2 = 0,5607V.
V E2 = E1 nn t tnh ton ta c th suy ra c [Ag+] = 9,12.10-5M
Nng tng cng ca Ag+ trong dung dch:
[Ag+]o = [Ag+] + [Ag(NH3)+] + [Ag(NH3)2+]
= [Ag+](1 + 1[NH3] + 12[NH3]2) = 15,5M
Gi tr ny ln hn nhiu so vi lng Ag dng cho phn ng. V vy cc iu
kin in ha v nhit ng thun li cho vic ho tan 0,100g Ag
4

5.OLYMPIC HA HC SINH VIN TON QUC 2005 (Bng B):

1) Trn hai th tch bng nhau ca hai dung dch SnCl2 0,100M v FeCl3
0,100M. Xc nh nng cc ion thic v st khi cn bng 25oC. Tnh
th ca cc cp oxy ha - kh khi cn bng.
2) Nhng mt si Ag vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 2,5.10-2M. Xc nh nng
ca Fe3+; Fe2+ v Ag+ khi cn bng 25oC. Tnh th ca cc cp oxy ha kh khi cn bng.
Cho bit Eo(Sn4+/Sn2+) = 0,15V; Eo(Fe3+/Fe2+) = 0,77V; Eo(Ag+/Ag) = 0,80V
BI GII:
1) Sn2+
+ 2Fe3+
Sn4+
+
2Fe2+
Ncb: 0,05- x
0,05 2x
x
2x
21
lgK = 2(0,77 015)/0,059 = 21 K = 10 .
K rt ln v nng Fe3+ cho phn ng nh hn nhiu so vi Sn2+ phn
ng gn nh hon ton: 2x 0,05
[Fe2+] = 0,05M; [Sn4+] = 0,025M; [Sn2+] = 0,025M; [Fe3+] = M

0,025.(0,05) 2
0,0025
1.10 21
Fe 3 1,58.10 12 M
K=
2
2
0,025.

Khi cn bng Ecb = 0,77 + 0,059lg

1,58.10 12
0,059 0,025
0,15
lg
0,15M
0,05
2
0,025

2)
Ag
+
Fe3+
Ag+
+
Fe2+
ncb:
0,05 x
x
x
lgK = (0,77 0,80)/0,059 = -0,51 K = 0,31
Ta c:

x2
0,31 x Ag Fe 2 4,38.10 2 M
0,05 x

Fe 6.10
3

Ecb = 0,77 0,059 lg

6.10 3
0,80 0,059 lg 4,38.10 2 0,72V
4,38.10 2

6.K THI CHN HC SINH GII QUC GIA VIT NAM 2002 (BNG A)
1. Bit th oxi ha-kh tiu chun :
EoCu2+/Cu+ = +0,16V, EoCu+/Cu = +0,52V, Eo Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0,77V, EoFe2+/Fe =
-0,44V
Hy cho bit hin tng g xy ra trong cc trng hp sau:
(a) Cho bt st vo dung dch Fe2(SO4)3 0,5M.
(b) Cho bt ng vo dung dch CuSO4 1M.
2. Dung dch X gm Na2S 0,010M, KI 0,060M, Na2SO4 0,050M.
Axit ho chm dung dch X n pH = 0. Thm FeCl3 cho n nng 0,10M.
i
Tnh th ca cc platin nhng trong dung dch thu c so vi cc
calomen bo ho (Hg2Cl2/2Hg,2Cl-).
ii
Biu din s pin, vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra ti cc in
cc v phn ng tng qut khi pin hot ng.
Cho : axit c H2S pK1 = 7,00, pK2 = 12,90; HSO4- c pK = 2,00; Tch s tan
ca PbS = 10-26 ; PbSO4 = 10-7,8 ; PbI2 = 10-7,6.
Eo Fe3+/Fe2+ = 0,77 V ; Eo S/H2S = 0,14V ; Eo I2/2I- = 0,54V ; Ecal bo ho =
0,244V
BI GII:
1. a) Eo Fe3+/Fe2+ = +0,77 V
>
Eo Fe2+/Fe = -0,44 V nn:
Tnh oxi ho: Fe3+ mnh hn Fe2+
Tnh kh:
Fe mnh hn Fe2+
Do phn ng t pht xy ra gia 2 cp l: 2 Fe3+ + Fe 3 Fe2+
Nh vy Fe tan trong dung dch Fe(SO 4)3 to thnh mui FeSO4, lm nht mu
vng ( hoc nu) ca ion Fe3+ v cui cng lm mt mu (hoc to mu xanh
nht) dung dch.
b) Eo Cu+/Cu = + 0,52 V > Eo Cu2+/Cu+ = + 0,16 V nn:
Tnh oxi ho: Cu+ mnh hn Cu2+
Tnh kh:
Cu+ mnh hn Cu
Do phn ng t pht xy ra giaa 2 cp l: Cu+ + Cu+ Cu2+ + Cu
Phn ng nghch (Cu2+ phn ng vi Cu to thnh ion Cu+) khng xy ra. Do
khi b bt ng vo dung dch CuSO4 khng xy ra phn ng v quan st khng
thy hin tng g.
2. Axit ho dung dch X:
S2- + 2H+ H2S (C H2S = 0,010 < S H2S nn H2S cha bo ho, khng thot ra
khi dung dch)
Phn ng: 2 Fe3+ + H2S 2 Fe2+ + S + 2 H+
K=1021
0,1
0,01

0,08

0,02
0,02
3+
2+
2 Fe + 2I 2 Fe
+
I2
K=107,8
0,08
0,06
0,02
0,02

0,08
0,030
3+
2+
Thnh phn trong dung dch: Fe 0,020 ; Fe 0,080 ;I2 0,030M ;H+ 0,02M
E Fe3+/Fe2+ = 0,77 + 0,059 lg 0,02/0,08 = 0,743V (cc dng)
Ecal = 0,244V ( cc m)
Epin = E+ E = 0,743 0,244 = 0,499V
+
S pin:
3+
2+
Hg | Hg2Cl2 | KCl bh || Fe , Fe | Pt
Phn ng:
2 Hg + 2 Cl- = Hg2Cl2 + 2 e
+ 2x Fe3+ + e
= Fe2+
2 Hg + 2 Fe3+ + 2 Cl- = Hg2Cl2
7.K THI CHN HC SINH GII QUC GIA VIT NAM 2002 (BNG A)
Cho dng in 0,5A i qua dung dch mui ca mt axit hu c trong 2 gi.
Kt qu sau qu trnh in phn l trn catot to ra 3,865 gam mt kim loi v trn
anot c kh etan v kh cacbonic thot ra.
1. Cho bit mui ca kim loi no b in phn? Bit rng 5,18 gam ca kim loi
y c 1,59 gam Cu t dung dch ng sunfat.
2. Cho bit mui ca axit hu c no b in phn?
3. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc.
BI GII:
1. in lng Q = It = 0,5 x 2 x 3600 = 3600 coulomb dng to ra 3,865 g kim
loi. T nh lut Faraday, ng lng
A
3.865 9650

103,6
n
3600

Khi lng mol ca kim loi: A = n. . V kim loi ny y ng ra khi dung

dch nn ng lng ca Cu:
Cu = A/2 = 63,6/2 = 31,8 v t phn ng:
2 + Cu2+ = Cu + 2 +
ta c: : 31,8 = 5,18 : 1,59, suy ra = 103,6
Trong phn ng y Cu, kim loi ch c th c mc oxi ho t 1 n 3, do
s chn khi lng mol nguyn t t 3 kh nng sau:
A1 = 103,6 x 1 = 103,6
A2 = 103,6 x 2 = 207,2
A3 = 103,6 x 3 = 310,8
V khng c nguyn t vi A > 240 v bng 104 c tnh kim loi v c mc oxi
ho l +1. Do kim loi phi tm ch c th l Pb (A = 207,6).

2. Ti anot khi in phn c C 2H6 v CO2 thot ra l sn phm ca s oxi ho

anion hu c, mui ny c cng thc Pb(RCOO)2. S to ra etan.
(CH3 - CH3) v CO2 t nhm COO- chng t mui in phn l Pb(CH3COO)2 .
R
R
3. Cc phn ng xy ra trn cc in cc:
Ti catot:
Pb2+ + 2 e = Pb
Ti anot:
CH3COO- - e = CH3COO
CH3COO
= CH3 + CO2
2 CH3
= C2H6
Tng qut: 2 CH3COO 2e = C2H6 + CO2.
8.OLYMPIC HA HC QUC T LN TH 28:
Cc phng php o hiu th v quang ph c s dng rng ri xc nh
cc nng cn bng v hng s cn bng trong dung dch. C hai phng
php thng xuyn c dng kt hp xc nh ng thi nhiu tiu phn.
Dung dch nc axit ha I cha mt hn hp FeSO 4 v Fe2(SO4)3, v
dung dch nc II cha mt hn hp K 4[Fe(CN)6] v K3[Fe(CN)6]. Nng ca
cc tiu phn c cha st tho mn cc quan h [Fe 2+]I = [Fe(CN)64-]II v [Fe3+]I =
[Fe(CN)63-]II. Th ca in cc platin nhng trong dung dch I l 0,652V (so vi
in cc hydro tiu chun), trong khi th ca in cc platin nhng trong dung
dch II l 0,242V (so vi in cc hydro tiu chun). Phn trm truyn x ca
dung dch II o c so vi dung dch I ti 420nm bng 10,7% (chiu di ng
truyn quang l = 5,02mm). Gi thit rng phc [Fe(CN) 64-] Fe3+(aq); Fe2+(aq)
khng hp th nh sng ti 420nm. hp th mol (Fe(CN)63-) = 1100L/mol.cm
ti bc sng ny. Th kh chun ca Fe3+/Fe2+ l 0,771V. Yu t ghi trc logarit
thp phn ca phng trnh Nernst bng 0,0590 (v ghi trc logarit t nhin l
0,0256). Gi thit rng tt c cc h s hot u bng 1.
1)
Vit phng trnh Nernst ca h thng oxy ha - kh ca:
a) Dung dch 1.
b) Dung dch 2 (ngoi tr phc xiano, b qua mi dng khc c trong dung
dch)
2) n v ca yu t ghi trc logarit trong phng trnh Nernst c n v l g?
3) Tnh t s cc hng s bn vng (Fe(CN)63-)/(Fe(CN)64-)
4) Khong bin thin tuyt i trong ln (bin ) ca cc tham s vt l sau
l bao nhiu.
a) truyn x (T)%
b) Mt quang (A) %.
5) Tnh nng ca
a) Fe3+ trong dung dch I
b) Fe2+ trong dung dch I
BI GII:
1) Phng trnh Nernst:

a) EI = Eo(Fe3+/Fe2+) + 0,0590lg([Fe3+]/[Fe2+]
b) EII = Eo(Fe(CN)63-/Fe(CN)64-) + 0,0590lg([Fe(CN)63-]/[Fe(CN)64-])
2) Volt (V)
3) EII = Eo(Fe(CN)63-/Fe(CN)64-) + 0,0590lg([Fe(CN)63-]/[Fe(CN)64-]
= Eo(Fe3+/Fe2+) + 0,0590lg(1/2) + 0,0590lg([CN-]6/[CN-]6) +
0,0590lg([Fe(CN)63-]/[Fe(CN)64-])
= 0,242
Trong 1 v 2 ln lt l cc hng s bn vng ca [Fe(CN)64-] v
[Fe(CN)63-].
[Fe(CN)63-]/[Fe(CN)64-] = Fe3+/Fe2+ nn E = EII EI = 0,059lg(1/2) =
8,90.106.
4) a) T 0 n 100%
b) T 0 n
5) a) Dng nh lut Bouger Lambert Beer
A = .l.C = .l.[Fe(CN)63-] = 0,971
[Fe(CN)63-] = [Fe3+] = 1,76.10-3M
b) Dng phng trnh Nernst:
EI = Eo(Fe3+/Fe2+) + 0,0590lg([Fe3+]/[Fe2+]) = 0,652V
T : [Fe3+]/[Fe2+] = 9,62.10-3M [Fe2+] = 0,183M
9.OLYMPIC HA HC C 1999 (Vng 4):
Mt dung dch ceri (IV) sunfat cn c chun ha, Cho cc dung dch v cc
cht sau y:
Natri oxalat rn, dung dch kali pemanganat v dung dch st (II) sunfat, c
hai u khng bit nng .
Ngi ta tin hnh ba ln chun trong dung dch axit (mi ln u i
vi mt lng d axit sunfuric) v thu c nhng kt qa sau y:
+ 0,2228g natri oxalat dng ht 28,74cm3 dung dch kali pemanganat.
+ 25,00cm3 dung dch st (II) sunfat dng ht 24,03cm3 dung dch kali
pemanganat.
+ 25,00cm3 dung dch st (II) sunfat dng ht 22,17cm3 dung dch ceri (IV)
sunfat.
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng ca ba ln chun .
2. Hy tnh nng ca dung dch ceri (IV) sunfat.
Ngi ta p dng cc th in cc tiu chun sau y:
Fe3+ + e = Fe2+
Eo = 0,77V
Ce4+ + e = Ce3+
Eo = 1,61V
3. Hy tnh KC ca phn ng: Fe2+ + Ce4+ = Fe3+ + Ce3+.
(i vi phn cn li ca bi tp cn gi thit cc iu kin l tiu
chun)

Fe
Fe
3

4. Hy tnh t s:

ti im tng ng.

5. Hy tnh th ca dung dch ti im tng ng.

Nu nh ngi ta s dng mt cht ch th oxi ha - kh (In) vi Eo = th
ca dung dch ti im tng ng nhn bit im kt thc ca vic chun
th s khng c vn g v chnh xc ca vic nhn bit im kt thc.
Nhng i vi cht ch th sau y th:
InOx + 2e = In2-kh
Eo = 0,80V
InOx 10

S chuyn mu s th hin r khi:

1
In kh2

Fe
Fe

6. Hy tnh

ti im chuyn mu ca cht ch th ny v cho bit sai

s phn trm trong ln chun tin hnh.

BI GII:
1.
2MnO4- + 5C2O42- + 16H3O+ = 2Mn2+ + 10CO2 + 24H2O
5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H3O+ = 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 12H2O
Fe2+ + Ce4+ = Fe3+ + Ce3+.
2.
Chun 1: 0,2228g Na2C2O4 tng ng 1,66.10-3 mol C2O42-.
(2/5).1,66.10-3 = [MnO4-].V(MnO4-)
[MnO4-] = 0,0023M
Chun 2: [MnO4-].V(MnO4-) = (1/5)[Fe2+]V(Fe2+)
[Fe2+] = 0,111M
Chun 3: [Ce4+] = [Fe2+].V(Fe2+)/V(Ce4+) = 0,125M
3.
Ta c:
lg K

4.

6.

RT

K 1,61.10 14

Ti im tng ng th lng cht cho vo n(Ce4+) = no(Fe2+). Vi

mi ion Ce3+ mi hnh thnh th cng hnh thnh mt ion Fe3+, tc l [Ce3+]
= [Fe3+] v c [Ce4+] = [Fe3+]
Ta c:
KC

5.

o
o
( E Ce
E Fe
).F
4
3
/ Ce 3
/ Fe 2

Ce Fe ; K

Ce Fe
3

Fe

Fe

3 2

2 2

Fe 1,27.10

Fe
3

a ga tr mi tm c vo phng trnh Nernst i vi th ca st ngi

ta thu c: E = 1,19V
(Cng tng t nh vy ngi ta c th a ga tr [Ce4+]/[Ce3+] = (1,27.107 -1
) vo phng trnh Nernst i vi th ca ceri).
Th ca dung dch ti im chuyn mu l:
E = 0,80 + RT/2F(ln10) = 0,83V
a ga tr ny vo phng trnh Nernst i vi st:
0,83 0,77

RT
Fe 3
Fe 3
10,2
ln

2
2
F
1
Fe
Fe

Nh vy sai s s l: (11,2)-1.100% = 8,95%

10.OLYMPIC HA HC C 1999 (Vng 3):

Cho cc th chun sau y:

AgBr(r) + e Ag + BrEo1 = 0,0713V
Ag+ + e Ag
Eo2 = 0,7996V
o
a) Trn c s hy tnh TAgBr 25 C.
b) T hy tnh Go i vi qa trnh: AgCl(r) Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq). Bit
SAgCl(25oC) = 1,274.10-5M.
BI GII:
a) Eo1 c lin quan n mt bn t bo, trong trn mt lp kt ta bc
bromua nng ion bromua l 1,00M. Nh c E o2 ngi ta c th theo
phng trnh Nernst tnh c nng ion bc trong t bo v t nh c
[Br-] = 1,00M c th tnh c tch s ho tan.
E1o E2o

RT
ln C1 4,81.10 13 M TAgBr 4,81.10 13 M 2
F

b) T ho tan ta c: [Ag +] = [Cl-] = 1,274.10-5M v nh vy l tch s ho

tan T = (1,274.10-5)2. T cng l hng s cn bng KC i vi phn ng:

AgCl(r) Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
KC ngoi ra cng l hng s cn bng nhit ng lc hc. iu ny c ngha
l:
Go = -RTlnT = 55,8kJ/mol.

BI TP CC PH
Bi s 1. xc nh Cu, Pb, Zn trong nc tiu bng phng php
von-ampe ho tan ant. Ly 10 ml nc tiu cho vo binh kendan, thm 5
ml HNO3 68% v 1ml H2SO4 ri phn hu mu bng v c ho t. un
mu trn bp cch ct n gn cn sau thm tip 5ml HNO 3 theo t l 1:4
ri cho vo bnh cch thu un tip. Cui cng ngui v nh mc thnh
30ml (ddA). Pha dd A ra v tin hnh phn tch nh sau:
TN1: Ly 5ml dung dch A, thm vo 2ml dung dch m axetat v
0,05 ml Hg(II) 0,1M sau pha long thnh 15ml dung dch ri tin hnh o
thu c kt qu sau: Id(Cu) = 2,115 A , Id(Pb) = 0,325 A , Id(Zn) = 4,105 A
TN2: Trung ho 5ml dung dch A bng NaOH sau thm 2ml dung
dch m axetat v 0,05 ml Hg(II) 0,1M, sau thm tip 1ml Cu(II)
100ppm, 1ml Pb(II) 100ppm v 1ml Zn(II) 100ppm ri pha thnh 15 ml

dung dch.Tin hnh o thu c kt qu sau: Id(Cu) = 2,535 A , Id(Pb) = 0,732

A ,

Id(Zn) = 4,312 A .
TN3: Ly 5ml dung dch A, thm 2ml dung dch m axetat v 0,05

ml Hg(II) 0,1M, sau thm tip 1,5ml Cu(II) 100ppm, 1,5ml Pb(II)
100ppm v 1,5ml Zn(II) 100ppm ri pha thnh 15 ml dung dch.Tin hnh
o thu c kt qu sau: Id(Cu) = 2,799 A , Id(Pb) = 0,9747 A , Id(Zn) = 4,427
A .

TN4: Ly 5ml dung dch A, thm 2ml dung dch m axetat v 0,05
ml Hg(II) 0,1M, sau thm tip 2,0ml Cu(II) 100ppm, 2,0ml Pb(II)
100ppm v 2,0ml Zn(II) 100ppm ri pha thnh 15 ml dung dch.Tin hnh
o thu c kt qu sau:
Id(Cu) = 2,938 A , Id(Pb) = 1,272 A , Id(Zn) = 4,524 A .
iu kin tin hnh th nghim l: Hg2+ 10-4M, Ep=1300mV, tp=90s,
in cc c chn l in cc mng thu ngn. Xc nh ppb ca Cu, Pb,
Zn trong nc tiu. (Trch bi ging ca TS Ng Vn T_ khoa Ho trng
HSP Hu)
Bi s 2. Phn tch hm lng Cu trong nc bin bng phng
php von-ampe ho tan anot, dng phung php thm chun. Ly 50ml mu
nc em phn tch th thu c cng dng pic l 0,886A, sau
thm 5l Cu2+ 10ppm th thu c cng dng l 2,52A. Tnh hm
lng ppm ca Cu trong nc bin.
( Trch Modern Analytical Chemistry, David Harvey, DePauw
University)

Bi s 3. phn tch hm lng Pb v Cd trong thuc H.perporatum

xut x t Trung Quc ngi ta tin hnh phn tch bng phng php vonampe ho tan xung vi phn vi phng php thm chun. Cn 1 g bt dc
phm cho vo chn nung v v c ho mu trong l nung 500 oC v 2,5h,
sau ho tan tro thu c vi nc v thm 10ml HCl 4M v nh mc
bng nc ct n 25ml (ddA).
TN1: Ly 10 ml ddA, thm vo 5ml amoni xitrat 0,1M ri nh mc
n 20ml tin hnh o thu c Id(Pb)=2,116

Id(Pb)=2,007

TN2: Ly 10 ml ddA thm vo 5ml amonixitrat 0,1M, thm vo 1ml

Pb(II) 103 ppb v thm vo 1ml Cd(II) 10 3 ppb ri nh mc n 20ml, tin
hnh o thu c Id(Pb)=2,356
Id(Pb)=2,567
iu kin th nghim l Ep=0-73v, thi gian lm giu 180s, tc quay
300vng/pht, thi gian ngh 15s, tc qut xung 5mV/s, bin xung
50mV, chu k xung l 40ms. Tnh hm lng Pb v Cd (mg/kg) trong mu.
(Trch Mosnica Cecilla Vargas, Luiz Manoel aliexo, Moonica Perreira de
abreu, susuane Rath)
Bi s 4. xc nh hm lng ca Cu trong nc, ly 4 (l) H 2O
em c cn, b rn ho tan trong hh HCl v getalin, sau nh mc n
100ml.
Ly 25ml dung dch cho vo bnh cc ph o dng IC= 0,75 A sau
ly 25ml dung dch, thm vo 5ml dung dch CuSO 4 10-2M ri cc ph
IC=3,75A.
Tnh s mg Cu trong 1(l) H2O.
Bi s 5. Phn tch Cu trong mu nc ngm bng phng php vonampe ho tan anot. Ly 2lit mu nc c cn ri sy kh, ho tan vo dd
HCl v geratin ri nh mc ti 100ml. Tin hnh o:

Ly 25ml dung dch ny cho vo bnh ng, thm vo 2ml dung dch
m axetat ri nh mc n 30ml, tin hnh phn tch thu c Id=0,75 A.
Ly 25ml dung dch ny cho vo bnh ng, thm vo 2ml dung dch
m axetat, sau cho tip vo 2ml dung dch CuCl 2 10-2M ri nh mc
bng noc ct n 30ml, tin hnh phn tch thu c Id=3,75 A. Tnh hm
lng Cu trong mu(ppm).
Bi s 6. Trong dung dch NaOH s kh ion TeO32 cho sng cc ph
nh in cc git thy ngn c tc chy 1,5mg/s, thi gian chy 3,15s, h
s khuch tn 0,75.10-5 cm2/s , cng khuch tn 61,9 A vi dung dch
TeO32 4.10-3 M. Xc nh s kh ion trn. (Trch bi ging ca TS Ng Vn

T_ khoa Ho trng HSP Hu)

Bi s 7. Hm lng ca As(III) trong nc c th phn tch bng
phng php cc ph xung vi phn. Ban u ta t in th l -0,1V sau
ta qut th m dn vi bin l 5mV/s. S bin i As(III) v As(0) xy ra
khong th -0,44V. Cng dng ca cc mu tiu chun cha cht phn
tch trong nn phn tch nh sau:
[As(III)] (M)
ip(A)
6
1.00 10
0.298
6
3.00 10
0.947
6
6.00 10
1.83
6
9.00 10
2.72
Hm lng As(III) trong mu phn tch bng bao nhiu nu cng dng
1,37A trong cn g iu kin nh trn.
( Trch Modern Analytical Chemistry, David Harvey, DePauw
University)

Bi s 8. Khi lng thy ngn chy ra t in cc nh git sau 100s

bng 0,196g. Thi gian sng ca 10 git thy ngn bng 43,2s. Khi lm vic
vi in cc ny i vi dung dch 1,00.10-3 M Pb2+ ngi ta quan st c
dng in 8,76 A. i vi dung dch ch c nng cha bit ngi ta
quan st c dng in 16,31 A. i vi mt ng mao qun mi vi chu
k git 6,13s v tc chy ca thy ngn 3,85 mg/s, hy tnh nng cha
bit ca ch.
(Bi 3 P361- Phn tch l ha H Vit Qu- NXBGD 2000)
Bi s 9. Tnh nng Cadimi trong dung dch nu khi phn tch
15ml dung dch cha Cd2+ bng phng php thm th c cao sng cc
ph l 20,5mm v sau khi thm 2ml dung dch chun CdCl2 0,053N th
cao ca sng tng ln l 24,3mm.
(Trch bi ging ca thy Ng Vn T_ khoa Ho trng HSP Hu)
Bi s 10. Mt hp cht hu c c s kh hai electron trn in cc nh
git c tc chy ca thy ngn 1,89 mg/s, thi gian chy 2,12s/git, i
vi dung dch 1,17.10-3 M th dng khuch tn l 9,6 A. Hy tnh h s
khuch tn ca dung dch ny.
(Bi 6 P361- Phn tch l ha H Vit Qu- NXBGD 2000)
II. Li gii v p n.
Bi s 1.
Ta c: I=K.Cx .
Gi x l s mol ca Cu trong 5ml ddA ca TN 1,2,3.
I d ( Cu )1
I d (Cu ) 2
I d ( Cu )1
I d ( Cu ) 3

2,115
x 0,0786.10 7 mol
2,535

100.10
64
x
2,115

x 0,0725.10 7 mol
9
100.10 .1,5 2,799
x
64
x

I d ( Cu )1
I d ( Cu ) 4

x Cu

100.10 .2
64

2,115
x 0,0803.10 7 mol
2,938

= ( 0,0803.10 7 + 0,0725.10 7 + 0,0736.10 7 )/3 = 0,077.10-7

mol
Vy (ppb)Cu=

0,077.64.30.10 -7 .10 9
295,68 ppb
5.10

Tng t ta tnh c: (ppb)Pb=44,696ppb; (ppb)Zn=1117,46ppb

Bi s 2.
Id(Cu)1=K.Cx

I d (Cu )1
I d (Cu ) 2

50.C x 5.10 3.10

Khi thm 5l vo Id(Cu)2= K .
50 2.10 3
Cx
0,886

C x 5,42.10 4 ppm
3
50.C x 5.10 .10 2,52
50 2.10 3

Bi s 3. Ta c: I=K.Cx .
Gi x l s mol ca Pb trong 10ml ddA
I d (Cd )1

x
2,116

x 0,0784.10 6 mol
3
9
1.10 .10
I d ( Cd ) 2
2,356
x
112,5
0, 0784.106.25.112,5.103
22, 05
Hm lng mg/kg ca Cd:
10.103

Tng t (mg/kg)Pb: 8,953

Bi s 4.
Ta c:

Ii = k.CX nn k.CX = 0,75

25C X
5.10 2

30
30
25C X 0, 05
3, 75

0, 75
30C X
3, 75

Ln 2:

Suy ra CX = 4.10-4 M
nCu = 4.10-4.0,1 = 4.10-5 M
Vy khi lng ca mCu = 4.10-5.64 = 256.10-5 (g)
Vy s mg Cu trong 1 lt H2O:
mCu =

256.105
4.103

0,635(mg / l )

Bi s 5.
Ta c: Id(Cu)1=K.Cx
Id(Cu)2=K.( 25.

Cx
10 3
2
30
30

Lp t l:
I d ( Cu )1
I d ( Cu ) 2

Cx
0,75

C x 0,016.10 3 M
3
C
2.10
3,75
25 x
30
30

(g)Cu=

0,016.10 3.100.63,5.10 6
1,016 g
1000

(ppm)Cu=

1,016
2.1000

Bi s 6.
2

I d 605.n.m 3 .t 6 .D 2 .C
2

I d 605.n.(1,5) 3 .(3,15) 6 .(0,75.105 ) 2 .4.103.103

M theo : Id = 61,9 A

n = 6.

TeO32 + 6e + 6H+ Te2- + 3H2O

Bi s 7.
V th phng php ng chun c dng: I=a.Cx b.
0,298 a.1.10 6 b

Xt TN 1,2 ta c h

6
0,947 a.3.10 b

0,298 a.1.10 6 b
a 0,3064.10 6

6
b 0,0084
1,83 a.6.10 b

Xt TN 1,3 ta c h
Xt TN 3,4 ta c h

a 0,3245.10 6
b 0,0265

1,83 a.6.10 6 b
6
2,72 a.9.10 b

a 0,2967.10 6
b 0,005

= (0,3245.106+0,3064.106+0,2967.106)/3 =0,31.106

=0,508.10-

=( -0,0265-0,0084-0,005)/3=-0,0133.

Vy phng trnh ng chun c dng: I=0,31.10-6.Cx 0,0133

Nn:1,37=0,31.106.Cx- 0,0133 Cx=4,46.10-6 M
Bi s 8.
2

Ta c:
m

I d 605.n.m 3 .t 6 .D 2 .C

0,169
43, 2
1,96.103 g / s ; t
4,32( s )
100
10

I d 1 605.2.D 2 (1,96.103.103 ) 3 .(4,32) 6 .10 3.103 8, 76

2

I d 2 605.2.D 2 (3,85) 3 .(6,13) 6 .C A 16,31

2

I
(1,96.103.103 ) 3 .(4,32) 6 .10 3.103 8, 76
d1
= 16,31
2
1
Id 2
(3,85) 3 .(6,13) 6 .C A
CA= 1,12.10-3 M

Bi s 9. Ta c: H=K.Cx, p dng cho hai th nghim:

H1
C X .17
20,5

C X 0,0206M
H 2 C X .15 2.0,053 24,3

Bi s 10. Ta c:
2

I d 605.n.m 3 .t 6 .D 2 .C
1

I d 605.2.(1,89) 2 .( 2,12) 6 .D 2 .1,17.10 3.10 3 9,6

D=1.53.10-5

BI TP UV VIS

Bi 1(5/250/2) :Hy xc nh lch tng i khi nh lut Bia khi pha long
dung dch salisilat Fe(III) 0,2M thnh 100, 500, 1000 ln khi :
a.Nng thuc th d 20%
b.Khi khng d thuc th
Cho bit rng hng s bn ca phc bng 4.10-17.
Bi gii
a.Khi nng thuc th d 20% :
p dng cng thc: =

K
n-1 .100 , lch tng i ng vi cc ln pha long
pC

l :
4.10-17
.(100-1).100 =1,65.10-12 %
1,2.0,2

n = 100:

n = 500:

4.10-17
=
.(500-1).100 =8,32.10-12 %
1,2.0,2

n=1000:

4.10-17
=
.(1000-1).100 =1,67.10-11 %
1,2.0,2

b.Khi thuc th khng d:

p dng cng thc tnh lch tng i =

K
. n-1 .100 , ta c:
C

n = 100:

4.10-17
(100-1).100=1,27.10-5 %
0,2

n = 500:

4.10-17
(500-1).100 = 3,01.10-5 %
0,2

n = 1000:

4.10-17
=
(1000-1).100 = 4,32.10-5 %
0,2

Bi 2(13/251/2) : Tnh lng ti thiu ca ion Ni2+ c th xc nh c vi xylen

da cam (R) 584nm, cuvet c l=5cm, th tch cn pha dung dch mu o mt
quang l 50ml, phc Ni:R = 1:1, hng s bn ca phc l 2.10 6, nng ban
u ca thuc th bng 5.10, mt quang ti thiu c th o c ca my A min=
0,005 ; Cho Ni=59, = 3,6.104.
Bi gii
Gi a v x ln lt l s mol ban u v phn ng ca Ni2+ . Ta c :

Ni 2+ +
a
x
a-x

ANiR

R 2-
NiR
5.10-5
x

=2.106

-5

5.10 - x
x
A
0,005
=
= 2,78.10-8 (M)
= 0,005 = .l.CNiR C NiR =
4
. l 3,6.10 .5

x
2,78.10-8
=
2.106
-5
-8
-5
-8
(a-x).(5.10 -x) (a-2,78.10 ).(5.10 -2,78.10 )

M
Suy ra a = 2,8.10-8 (mol)
Vy khi lng ca ion niken cn dng :
2,8.10-8 . 0,05 . 59 = 8,28.10-8 (g)

Bi 3 (20/253/2) : xc nh Coban bng mui nitrozo-R, ngi ta dng phng

php thm vi sai. Mu phn tch c pha thnh 100ml (dung dch A) dng pha
ch dung dch mu :
1.Dung dch nghin cu t 10ml dung dch A
2.Dung dch nghin cu c cho thm mt lng CoCl 2 bit trc t 10ml
dung dch A + 2ml dung dch CoCl2 2.10-4M
3.Dung dch so snh t 8ml dung dch A.
C ba dung dch trn c pha ch nhng iu kin ging nhau v a
n th tch cui cng bng nhau. o mt quang tng i ca dung dch 1 v
2 so snh vi dung dch 3, ta c Ax=0,350, Ax+a= 0,750. Tnh hm lng Co trong
mu phn tch. Cho Co = 59.
Bi gii
Gi Cx l nng Co cn trong mu dung dch A; v th tch ca 3 dung
dch sau khi pha ch l nh nhau do vy ta c:
Dung dch 1: C1 = 0,1Cx.
Dung dch 2: C2 = 0,1Cx + Ca
(Vi Ca = 0,02.2.10-4 = 4.10-6M).
Dung dch 3: C3 = 0,08Cx.
Mt quang tng i ca dd1 so vi dd3 l:
Ax = 0,35 = .l.(C1 C3) = .l.0,02Cx.
(1)
Mt quang tng i ca dd2 so vi dd3 l:
Ax+a = 0,75 = .l.(C2 C3) = .l.0,02Cx +Ca.
(2)
Chia (1) cho (2) ta c:
0,02C x
0,02C x
0,35

0,75 0,02C x C a 0,02C x 4.10 6

 Cx

4.10 6.0,35
1,75.10 4 M
0,02.0,75 0,02.0,35

Bi 4 :(22/253/2) Tnh hng s phn li ca thuc th HR theo cc s liu sau :

Nng ban u ca thuc th trong ba dung dch c pH khc nhau u bng
CHR = C = const.
Dung dch 1 c pH bng 7,33 ( pH ny thuc th tn ti c hai dng HR v
R ) c A1= 0,442.
Dung dch 2 c pH nm trong vng baz mnh (thuc th ch dng R - ) c
A2= 0,705.
Dung dch 3 c pH nm trong vng axit mnh (thuc th ch dng HR ) c
A3= 0,017.
Mt quang ca c ba dung dch trn u c o cng v l so snh vi
nc.
Bi gii
HR

C
C-x

Ka =

h.x
C-x

C-x=

H+
0
h
K a .C
x=
Ka + h

R0
x

h.C
Ka + h

Dung dch 1 : A1 = AHR + AR- = HR.l.(C-x) + R-.l.x = HR.l.

h.C
+ R-.l.
Ka + h

K a .C
Ka + h

Dung dch 2: A2 = R-.l.C

Dung dch 3 : A3 = HR.l.C
Suy ra : A1 = A3.

h + A . Ka
2
Ka + h
Ka + h

Suy ra:
K a = h.

A 3 -A1
0,017-0,442
= 107,33 .
= 7,558.10 -8
A1 -A 2
0,442-0,705

Bi 5 : (18/252/2) Mu phn tch Fe(II) c th tch l Vml. xc nh Fe(II)

bng o-fenaltrolin ngi ta lm nh sau : pha dung dch mu nghin cu t 1/5
th tch dung dch mu phn tch v hai dung dch tiu chun t 1mg v 1,15mg
Fe(II). Ba dung dch trn c pha ch trong nhng iu kin ging nhau v pH,
CR, cng nh th tch cui cng. o mt quang ca dung dch nghin cu v

dung dch tiu chun th hai so snh vi dung dch tiu chun th nht v l
nh nhau, ta c At/c(2) = 0,75 ; Ax= 0,80. Tnh khi lng Fe(II) c trong mu
phn tch cho.
Bi gii
Pha ba dung dch mu :
Dung dch X : c th tch V/5(ml)
Dung dch 1 : cha 1mg Fe(II)
Dung dch 2 : cha 1,15mg Fe(II)
Theo bi ta c :
Ax/1 = Ax A1 = .l.(Cx C1 ) = 0,8
A2/1 = A2 A1 = .l.(C2 C1 ) = 0,75
C x - C1
0,8
=
C2 - C1
0,75
a-1
0,8
=

1,15- 1 0,75

a = 1,16(mg)

Vy khi lng Fe ban u : 1,16 . 5 = 5,8(mg)

Bi 6: Tnh hm lng ca Pb(II) v Bi(III) trong mu phn tch t cc s liu
sau :
- Mu phn tch pha thnh 50ml dung dch hn hp phc ca Pb(II) v
Bi(III) vi EDTA.
- Khi o mt quang ca dung dch trn dng cuvet c l=3cm.
- o mt quang hai bc sng v cho bit ca cc phc hai bc
sng nh sau :
Pb-EDTA
=8900 ; Bi-EDTA
=2800

1 = 240nm, A1 = 0,87,
1

2 = 365nm, A2 = 1,24, Pb-EDTA

= 900 ; Bi-EDTA
=9900

Cho bit Pb = 207, Bi = 209

Bi gii
Ta c :
2+

3+

2+

3+

2+

3+

2+

3+

Pb
Bi
A 1 =A Pb1 + A Bi
1 = 1 .l.C Pb2+ + 1 .l.C Bi3+
Pb
Bi
A 2 =A Pb2 + A Bi
2 = 2 .l.C Pb 2+ + 2 .l.C Bi3+

Thay s vo ta c : 0,87 = 8900.3.CPb2+ + 2800.3.CBi3+

1,24 = 900.3.CPb2+ + 2800.3.CBi3+
Gii hai phng trnh trn ta c CPb2+ = 2.10-5 (M) ; CBi3+ = 3,99.10-5 (M)
Hm lng ca Pb(II) v Bi(III) trong mu phn tch l :

mPb = 2.10-5.0,05.207 = 0,207(g)

mBi = 3,99.10-5.0,05.209 = 0,417(g)
Bi 7 :Mt mu thp cha c Cr v Mn (ngoi Fe). Hm lng Cr v Mn c
xc nh bng phng php phn tch trc quang.
a.Mt quang ca dung dch KMnO 4, nng Mn 10 mg/l, = 500 nm, b
dy cuvt l = 1,00 cm bng 0,310.
Mt quang ca dung dch K 2Cr2O7 (mi trng axit), nng Cr 200 mg/l,
=500 nm, b dy cuvt l=1,00 cm bng 0,492.Tnh h s hp th mol ca
MnO4- v Cr2O72b.Mt mu thp c ch ho trong axit chuyn thnh dung dch. Cr, Mn c
chuyn thnh Cr2O72- v MnO4-. Mt quang ca dung dch 500 nm, l = 1,00
cm bng 0,688. Ch ho dung dch vi KNO2. KMnO4 b mt mu hon ton ch
cn li Cr2O72-. Mt quang ca dung dch thu c bng 0,306 (l = 1,00 cm,
= 500 nm). Tnh nng Cr v Mn trong dung dch thu c khi ho tan mu
thp.
Bi gii
1) bc sng = 500 nm:
0,310
= 1,7.103
4
10.10-3
1,00.
54,938
A
0,492
Cr O2- =
=
= 64
2 7
l . C 1,00. 0,200
51,996.2

MnO- =

A
=
l.C

(l.mol-1.cm -1 )

(l.mol-1.cm -1 )

2) Mt quang ca dung dch = 500 nm:

V mt hp th quang c tnh cng tnh nn ta c:
A = MnO- .CMnO- .l + Cr O2- .CCr O2- .l
4

A = 0,688 = 1,7.10 .C MnO- + 64.C Cr O24

Khi ch ho bng KNO2 th KMnO4 b kh hon ton:

5

NO-2 +H 2 O

NO3- +2H + +2e

MnO-4 +8H + +5e

Mn 2+ +4H 2O

+
2 MnO -4 + 5NO 2- +6H

5NO3- +2Mn 2+ +3H 2 O

Sau khi phn ng kt thc th mt quang ca dung dch = 500 nm l:

A s = Cr O2- . CCr O2- . l = 0,306
2

CCr O2- =
2

A
l. Cr O22

0,306
= 4,78.10-3 M
1.64

T (*) ta suy ra:

C MnO- =
4

A - A s 0,680 - 0,306
=
= 2,20.10-4M
3
l . MnO1.1,70.10
4

Bi 8 (19/6) : Hn hp ca Cr2O72- v MnO4- trong dung dch H2SO4 1M c

phn tch bng phng php ph trc quang 440nm v 545nm, xc nh
ng thi 2 ion ny. Cc gi tr mt quang nhn c trong cuvet c b dy
0,385 v 0,653 tng bc sng tng ng. Bng con ng c lp, ngi ta
thy rng mt quang trong cuvet nh vy cha dung dch Cr 2O72- 8,33.10-4M,
H2SO4 1M bng 0,308 440nm v 0,009 545nm. Bng cch tng t tm
thy rng dung dch MnO4- 3,72.10-4M t trong cuvet c b dy 1cm c mt
quang bng 0,035 440nm v 0,886 545nm. Hy tnh h s hp th mol ca
440nm v 545nm v nng Cr2O72- v MnO4- ca trong hn hp u.
Bi gii
1) H s hp thu mol cc bc sng l:
A
0,035
=
=94,09 (l.cm -1.mol-1 )
-4
l.C 1.3,72.10
A
0,886
545
=
=
=2381,7 (l.cm -1.mol-1 )
MnO 4l.C 1.3,72.10-4
440
=
MnO 4

A
0,308
=
= 369,75 (l.cm -1.mol -1 )
2 7
l.C 1.8,33.10-4
A
0,009
545
=
=
= 10,804 (l.cm -1.mol-1 )
-4
MnO 4l.C 1.8,33.10
440
Cr
=
O 2-

2) V mt hp th quang c tnh cng tnh nn ta c:

A = MnO- .CMnO- .l + Cr O2- .CCr O2- .l
4

A 440 = 0,385 = 369,75.CCr O 2- + 94,09.C MnO 2

A 545 = 0,653 = 10,804.CCr O 2- + 2381,7.CMnO 2

Gii 2 phng trnh ta c :

CCr O 2- = 9,726.10-4 (M)
2

C MnO - = 2,698.10-4 (M)

4

Bi 9 (23/7):Gi thit rng cn phi xc nh bng phng php ph trc quang

hng s phn li axit ca cht ch th axit-baz, ngi ta tin hnh 1 lot cc php

o trong nng chung ca ch th bng 0,0005M. Ngoi ra tt c cc php o

ph trc quang c tin hnh trong cuvet c b dy 1cm v cng bc sng.
Ngoi ch th ngi ta cn dng cc cu t c ch ra di y :
S dung dch
Cu t khc
Mt quang
1
HCl 0,1M
0,085
2
Trn vi pH = 5
0,351
3
NaOH 0,1M
0,788
(Tuy nhin trong thc t khng mt cu t no trong cc cu t c kh nng
hp th). Hy tnh hng s phn li ca cht ch th.
Bi gii
HR

C
C-x

Ka =

h.x
C-x

C-x=

H+
0
h
K a .C
x=
Ka + h

R0
x

h.C
Ka + h

Dung dch 1 : trong HCl 0,1M : mi trng l axit nn ch yu tn ti dng HR:

A1 = HR.l.CHR = 0,085
Dung dch 2: pH = 5: tn ti c hai dng HR v R- :
A2 = AHR + AR- = HR.l.(C-x) + R-.l.x = HR.l.

K a .C
h.C
+ R-.l.K + h
Ka + h
a

= 0,351

Dung dch 3 : trong NaOH 0,1M, tn ti ch yu dng R- :

A3 = R-.l.CR- = 0,788
h

Ka

Suy ra : A2 = A1.K + h + A3K

. +h
a
a
Suy ra:
K a = h.

A1 - A 2
0,085 - 0,351
= 10-5 .
0, 609.10 5
A 2 - A3
0,351 - 0,788

Bi 10: nh lng Fe3+ trong nc bng phng php so mu, thuc th KSCN,
mi trng HNO3, pH = 1 2. Phc to thnh c mu , hp thu = 480nm
vi = 7000 (cm-1.mol-1.l).

a.Tnh khong nng mol thch hp cho lot dung dch chun o, nu dng
my o c A thch hp trong khong 0,2 0,8 v my o c A 3,0 vi cuvet c b
= 1cm?
b. Dng 20,00ml mu nc, to phc thnh 50,0ml dung dch o, c C m = 9.105
M. Tnh nng Fe trong nc theo n v ppm ?
Bi gii
a. * My o c 0,2 A 0,8:
0, 2 A 0,8

0, 2 bC 0,8

2,8.105 M C 11, 4.105 M

0, 2
0,8
C
b
b

( = 7000 cm-1.mol-1.l; b = 1cm)

* My o c A 3,0:
A 3, 0

bC 3, 0 C

C 4,3.104 M

3, 0
b

b. Nng Fe trong nc theo n v ppm (s mg Fe/1l nc):

ppmFe 9.105.103.50.

103
.56.103 12, 6 ppm
20

V.BI TP THAM KHO

Bi 1: 4,47g du m c x l theo phng php thm t v pha long cho
n th tch 500 ml trong bnh nh mc. Ngi ta tin hnh xc nh Co trong
cc iu kin:
V Co(II)
V mu
V thuc th
V H2 O
pha long
3,00g/ml
Mt quang
(ml)
(ml)
(ml)
(ml)
25,00
0,00
20,00
5,00
0,398
25,00
5,00
20,00
0,00
0,510
Nu chp nhn rng dung dch phc chelat ca Co(II) ligan tun theo
nh lut Beer. Hy tnh hm lng % Co trong mu ban u.
Bi gii
p dng phng php thm ta c:
Ax lCx

Ax
Cx
Ca Ax

; Cx
.

Ax a l (Cx Ca )
Ax a (C x Ca )
Ax a Ax
Mt khc C = m/MV nn trong 25,00 mL dung dch mu ta c hm lng Co(II)
l:

mx
ma Ax

;
M xV M xV ( Ax a Ax )
mx

ma Ax
3,00.5,00.0,398

53,304 g 53,304.10 -6 g
Ax a Ax
0,510 0,398

Vy trong 500mL dung dch mu ta c:

500
1066,08.10 -6 0,001066 g
25
0,001066
%Co( II )
.100 0,0215%
4,97
mCo ( II ) 53,304.10 -6

Bai 2 : inh lng Fe trong mu khoang bng phng phap so

mau. Mu c hoa tan trong dung mi, cu t xac inh c
chuyn sang dang Fe2+ va c tao phc bng 1,10phenanthroline(C12H8N2 , ki hiu L) trong mi trng m acetat
vi [A-]0 =10-2 M va [L] = [L]0 =10-4 M. Bit rng phc FeA co lg
1.3 = 8,3 va HL co pK =4,7.
a.

FeL

Cho bit moi cn bng xay ra trong dung dich phc? Tinh
trong khoang pH= 3-7. Chon pH thich hp tao phc ?

b. Phc hp thu cc ai = 510 nm vi = 11000 cm-1mol1

l. tinh khoang nng Fe (mg/l) thich hp cho dung dich o nu
dung may o co A thich hp trong khoang 0,2 n 0,8 va may o
co A 3,0 , vi chu o co b= 2cm?
c. Nu dung 8,000g mu rn, hoa tan thanh 100,0ml dung
dich mu, dung 20,00ml dung dich tao phc, pha thanh 50,0ml
dung dich o. Dung dich chun c pha trong binh inh mc
100,0ml t dung dich Fe 2+ 0,001M. S liu pha ch, tri s o cua
day chun va mu c tom tt trong bang sau:
Dung dich
mu

Dung dich chun

Co

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

M0

M1

Th tich dd
Fe2+ 0,001M

0,0
0

1,0
0

2,0
0

3,0
0

4,0
0

5,0
0

hp thu A

0,0
0

0,2
2

0,4
3

0,6
5

0,8
7

1,0
9

0,005

0,543

C0 : trng chun (thc hin ging nh chun nhng khng

cha Fe2+ chun)
M0 : trng mu (thc hin ging nh mu nhng khng cha
mu)
Tinh lng Fe(ppm) trong mu?
Bai giai
a. Cn bng tng quat :
Fe2+

3L

(FeL3) =

FeL3

1021,3
+

HA

H+ + A

Fe(A)

OH -

3H+

Fe(OH)

3HL

(khng mau)
'FeL3 =

FeL3 .

(khng mau)

1
Fe(OH- ,A- ) . 3L(H)

L(H) = 1 + 104,7 [H+]

Fe(OH- ,A- ) = Fe(OH- ) + Fe(A- ) - 1
Fe(OH- ) = 1+ 105,56 [ OH - ]+ 109,77 [ OH - ]2 + 109,67 [ OH - ]3 + 108,56[
OH - ]4
[A - ]03
3A(H)

Fe(A- ) 1+ 108,3 [ A ]3 = 1+ 108,3

Fe(A- ) 1+ 108,3

(102 )3
{1 104,67 [ H ]}3

'
Lp bang gia tri cua L(H) , Fe(OH ) , Fe(A ) , Fe(OH ,A ) , FeL trong
-

khoang pH t 3 n 7 :

pH

1,7

0,7

lg Fe(OH )
-

lg Fe(A )

0,3

2,3

2,3

2,3

0,3

2,3

2,3

2,3

16,
2

18,
9

19,
0

19,
0

19,
0

lg L(H)

lg
Fe(OH- ,A- )
'

lg FeL

Chon pH thich hp tao phc, la vung pH thoa man ng thi

cn bng chinh va phu di y:
+ iu kin cn bng chinh:
FeL3 .[L']3
1021,3 .10-4
[FeL3 ]
3
3
> 10
> 10
>103
Fe(OH- ,A- ) .3L(H)
[Fe 2+ ]
Fe(OH- ,A- ) .3L(H)
3
Fe(OH- ,A- ) . L(H) < 1014,3 (1). iu kin (1) : pH > 3

+ iu kin cn bng phu :

1,2 [OH - ]2 < 10-3 109,77. [OH - ]2 < 10-3 [OH - ]2 < 1012,77 [OH - ] <
106,38
pH < 7,6.

Kt lun : co th tao phc moi pH t 3 n 7.

b. May o co 0, 2 A 0,8
0, 2 A 0,8 0, 2 bC 0,8

0, 2
0,8
C
b
b

0,91.10 5 M C 3, 63.10 5 M

( = 11000 mol 1cm 1l ; b = 2cm)

May o co A 3, 0 :

A 3,0 .b.C 3,0

3, 0
b

C 1,36.104 M

c. Nng Fe trong dung dich o c xac inh bng phng

phap lp ng chun. T thi A = f(C) hay bng phng phap
binh phng cc tiu, tng ng vi gia tri A m( mu) = Am(mu+
trng)- Am0(trng) = 0,543 0,005 = 0,538, xac inh c C m
(dung dich o) = 2,45.10-5 M.
Nng Fe trong mu rn theo n vi ppm( s gam Fe/10 6 g
mu c tinh t biu thc :
mFe

100, 0 106
= 2,45.10 . 10 . 50,0.
.
.56 ; 42,9 ppm
20, 00 8, 000
-5

-3

Bi 3: Cho 5,00mL mt dung dch chun cha 0,0985 g/L Mn c oxi ho

thnh MnO4- vo bnh nh mc 50,00 mL ri pha long n vch nh mc.
o mt quang ca dung dch trong cuvt 1,00 cm bc sng =525
nm c A = 0,271.
Ho tan 0,922 g thp cha Mangan trong axit ri pha long thnh 200mL.
Ch ho 50,00 mL dung dch thu c vi KIO4 oxi ho Mn thnh MnO4- v
pha long thnh 100 mL. o mt quang ca dung dch bc sng = 525
nm trong cuvt 1,00 cm c A = 0,668. Tnh hm lng % ca Mn trong thp.
Trong khu vc nng MnO4- nghin cu tun theo nh lut Beer.
Bi gii
- nh gi MnO t dung dch chun:

Nng MnO4- trong dung dch gc:

C0

0,0985
1,793.10 3 M
54,938

Nng MnO4- trong dung dch o:

C MnO

5,00.1,793.10 4
1,793.10 4 M
50,00

MnO

A
0,271

1,511.10 3 L.mol 1 .cm 1

lC x
1.1,793.10 4

- nh gi hm lng % ca Mn:
Nng MnO4- trong dung dch o:
C MnO
4

A
0,668

4,42.10 4 M
l 1,577.10 3.1

Nng trong dung dch trc khi pha long l:

100
8,84.10 4 M
50
S mmol Mn c trong mu l: nMn 8,84.10 4.200 0,1768 mmol .
C MnO 4,42.10 4
4

Lng Mn c trong mu l: mMn 0,1768 .54,938 9,71mg .

% Mn

9,71
.100 1,05%
922

Bi 4. Ho tan 250 mg mt mu cha Ni v Co vo dung dch, sau cho thm

2,3-Quinolin to phc vi Ni v Co v pha thnh 200ml. Ly dung dch ny o
ph hp th UV-VIS bc sng 1= 510nm th A1 = 0,517; 2 = 650nm th A2
= 0,405. Tnh hm lng Ni, Co c trong mu.
Bit:
:
1= 510nm 2 = 650nm
NiR 5,32.103
1,75.103
CoR 3,64.103
1,24.103
Bi gii
p dng nh lut Beer: A = .l.C
1= 510nm
0,517 = l(5,32.103CNi(II) + 3,64.103CCo(II)) (1)
2 = 650nm
0,405 = l(1,75.103CNi(II) + 1,24.103CCo(II))
(2)
Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2) trn ta c:
CNi(II) = 2,24.10-5M a Ni

200.2,24.10 -5
58,69.1000 0,263mg
1000

CCo(II) = 1,08.10-5M a Co

200.1,08.10 -5
58,93.1000 0,127mg
1000

Bi 5: a) xc nh hm lng Cr trong qung cromit; cn 0,1250g qung. X

l bng phng php kim chy (NaOH + Na2O2) sau ho vo nc c
250ml dung dch. em dung dch ny o ph UV-VIS = 440nm th A=0,275.
b) th nghim khc; ngi ta ly 10ml dung dch trn sau thm vo
0,3ml dung dch K2CrO4 10-3M v tin hnh o = 440nm th A = 0,405.
Tnh hm lng % Cr2O3 trong qung cromit trn. Bit Cr = 52.
Bi gii
p dng nh lut Beer: A = .l.C
p dng phng php thm ta c:
Cx
0,275

0,405 10C x
0,3.10 3 Cx = 5,8.10-5M.

10

0
,
3
10

0
,
3

a Cr
a Cr2O3

250.5,8.10 5
52 7,54.10 6 g ;
1000

7,54.10 6.152
11,03.10 6 g
104

%Cr2 O 3

11,03.10 6
100 0,0088%
0,1250

Bi 6: Cng dng sng I0 sau khi i qua lp dung dch c chiu dy l 1= 1 cm

gim i 10%. Hi cng dng sng I 0 s gim xung cn bao nhiu khi i qua
lp dung dch c chiu dy l2=10 cm.
Bi gii:
p dng cng thc: A1 lg

I0
I
k .l1 ; A2 lg 0 k .l2 10.k .l1
I1
I2

v l2 = 10.l1 nn A2 = 10A1; I1= 0,9I0.

ta c:
I0
I
lg 0
I1
I2

10. lg
I
0
I1

10

I0
I2

10

I0
I

0
I2
0,9.I 0
I 2 0,910.I 0 0.349.I 0

Bi 7: : nh lng Fe dng kim loi ln trong mu rn mu c ha tan hon

ton bng HCl.
a.Nu nh lng bng phng php so mu, Fe dng Fe 3+, dng phc
Fe(SCN)2+. Vi lng tha ln [SCN] o = 0,4M nn to phc pH = 2 hay 3?
Gii thch?
b.Dng 5,000g mu, ha tan thnh 100,0ml dung dch A. Dng 10,00ml dung dch
A pha thnh 50,0ml dung dch B. Dng 5,00ml dung dch B to phc pha thnh
50,0ml dung dch o, c Tm = 31,6%. Dung dch chun: dng 5,00ml dung dch
Fe3+ 0,001M, to phc thnh 100,0ml dung dch o c Tc = 39,7%. Tnh kt qu
theo ppm Fe v % Fe2O3?
Bi gii
Fe3+ +
SCN-
FeSCNFe3+ +
OH-
Fe(OH)
+

SCN +
H
HSCN
*Xt iu kin cn bng chnh:
FeSCN 2
FeSCN . SCN
3
10
103

Fe3
Fe (OH ) . SCN ( H )

FeSCN 2 1025,1

a.

Trong :

103,03.100,4
103 (1)
Fe (OH ) . SCN ( H )

Fe (OH ) =1 + 1011,87.[OH-] + 1021,17.[OH-]2 + 1030,67.[OH-]3

 SCN ( H ) =1 + HSCN.[H+] = 1 + 100,85.[H+]

*Xt iu kin ca cn bng ph: 1,3.[OH-]3 < 103

pH Fe (OH
2
3

1
100,92

(2)

SCN ( H )

[FeSCN2+]/[Fe3+] 1,3.[OH-]3

1
1

102,63
101,71

10-5,33
10-2,33

Kt lun: to phc pH = 2 tt hn pH = 3. Tuy nhin, do iu kin (1)

cng cha tho pH = 2, cn lu n bn ca phc trong qu trnh o.
b.Dung dch chun: Tc = 39,7% Ac = 2 lgTc = 0,401
Cc =

0, 001.5
=5.10-5M
100

Dung dch mu:

Cm Cc .

Tm = 31,6% Am = 2 lgTm = 0,500 Cm

Am
0,500
5.105.
6, 23.105 M
Ac
0, 401

50 100 106
.
ppm Fe = 6,23.10 .10 .50. .
.56 = 3491 (ppm)
5 10 5
50 100 100 160
.
.
% Fe = 6,23.10-5.10-3.50. .
= 0,50 %
5 10 5 2
-5

-3

Bi 8: nh lng Cu trong mu thc phm, cn 5,000g mu, ha tan thnh dung

dch. Cu2+ c to phc vi thuc th dithizone, dng phc c chit bng
dung mi hu c CCl4 vi th tch dung dch o sau khi chit l 25,00ml. Dung
dch chun c chun b tng t mu, cha 10g Cu2+ trong th tch dung dch
o l 20,00ml. o hp th ca dung dch chun v mu = 545nm vi b =
1cm, kt qu Ac = 0,320 v Am = 0,225. Tnh hm lng Cu (ppm) trong mu?
Bi gii
Dung dch chun:
Dung dch mu:

10
( g / ml ) 0,5( g / ml )
20
Cm ( g / ml )
Cc

Cc
A
c
Cm Am

Ac = 0,320

Am = 0,225

0,5 0,320

Cm 0, 225

Cm = 0,352 (g/ml)

nng Cu2+ trong 5,000g mu l:

0,352.25
1.758( g / g ) 1, 758( ppm)
5

Bi 9: nh lng TiO2 trong mu khong bng phng php so mu. Mu gm

TiO2, SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 v mt s oxit kim loi khc dng vi lng. Mu c

ha tan trong HCl, TiO2 tan thnh dng Ti4+. Trong mi trng H3SO4 mnh, Ti4+
to phc vi H2O2 thnh dng phc vng TiO(H 2O2)2+ hp thu = 410nm vi
= 8000 cm-1.mol-1.l.
a.Cho bit nh hng ca SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 ln dung dch o v cho bit cch
loi nh hng, nu c?
b.Nu mu cha khong 0,5% TiO 2, xc nh lng mu cn cn, ha tan thnh
100,0ml dung dch mu, dng 5,00ml dung dch mu to phc thnh 50,0ml dung
dch o, cuvet c b = 4cm v s dng my o c A thch hp trong khong 0,2
0,8?
Bi gii
a.nh hng ca SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 ln dung dch o:
- SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 tan khng hon ton gy nh hng ln hp th,
khc phc bng cch lc loi kt t trc khi o.
- Fe2O3 tan thnh dng phc FeCl3 c mu vng, cng gy nh hng ln
hp th ca phc chnh, che Fe3+ bng ha cht thch hp.
0, 2 Am 0,8

0, 2 bCm 0,8
b.

0, 2
0,8
Cm
b
b
6
6, 25.10 M Cm 2,5.105 M

Mt khc:

%TiO 2 =Cm .10-3 .50.

( = 8000 cm-1.mol-1.l; b = 4cm)

100 100
.
.79,9=0,5(%)
5 m
0,1g m 0, 4 g

Cm = 6,25.10-5.m
Bi 10: nh lng Cr trong mu rn c Cr(NO3)3.9H2O v Fe(NO3)3 bng
phng php so mu:
a.Oxy ha Cr3+ thnh Cr2O72- bng lng tha dung dch S 2O82-. Vit phng trnh
phn ng?
b.Dng Cr2O72- hp thu = 455nm vi = 1800cm-1.mol-1.l. Nu hm lng
Cr(NO3)3.9H2O khong 1%, tnh lng mu cn cn sau khi ha tan thnh
100,0ml mu, dng 10,0ml dung dch oxi ha thnh 100,0ml dung dch o? Bit
my cho php lm vic vi A 3,0 vi cuvet c b = 4cm.
Nu dng 4,000g mu, pha nh trn, o c A m = 0,35; 1,00ml dung dch chun
K2Cr2O7 0,0100M pha thnh 100,0ml dung dch o, c Ac = 0,72. Tnh % Cr trong
mu dng hp cht trn?
Bi gii
3+
a. Phn ng oxi ho Cr thnh Cr2O72- :
2Cr3+ + 3S2O82- + 7H2O Cr2O72- + 6SO42- + 14H+
b. My o c A 3,0:

3, 0
C 4,17.104 M
b
100
100
%Cr(NO3 )3 .9H 2 O=2.C m .10-3
.100.400.
=1(%)
Mt khc:
10
m

m 33,36 g
Cm = 1,25.10-5.m
1.0, 01
Dung dch chun: Cc =
= 10-4 M
Ac = 0,72
100
A 3, 0

bC 3, 0

Dung dch mu:

Cm

Am = 0,35

Am .Cc 0,35.10
=
= 0,468.10-4 M
Ac
0, 72
4

Cm =

%Cr(NO3 )3 .9H 2 O=2.0,468.104 .10-3

100
100
.100.400.
=0,936(%)
10
4

I CNG SC K
Bi 1
Tnh s a l thuyt hiu lc nef v Hef ca h sc k c tnh cht sau:
t R 280 s; t R 300 s; WA 14s; WB 15s. Thi gian cht l tm=10s, ct c chiu
A

di l 3,2m.
Gii:
Theo l thuyt ta c s a l thuyt hiu lc nef l:
n

k '2
k '1 2

; vi k l t s dung tch.

tR tM

nef 16
2

280
nA 16
6400
14
2

300
nB 16
6400
15

T ta c:
i vi pic A:

i vi pic B:

t R t M
280 10
27;

10

tM

k'

27
nef A 6400
5951, 07
27 1
t t
300 10
k ' R M
29;
10

tM
29
5980, 4
29 1

nef B 6400

300

Vy, nef 5065, 7 ; H ef 5965, 7 0, 053 .

Bi 2:
Trn sc k ngi ta thu c 3 pic 0,84 pht v 10,60 pht v
11,08 pht tng ng vi cc hp cht A,B v C. Hp cht A khng lu gi
bi pha tnh lng. Cc pic ca cc hp cht B v C c dng ng Gauss c
chiu rng tng ng 0,56 v 0,59 pht. cao sc k bng 28,3cm. .
1. Tnh s a l thuyt (n) ca ct sc k v chiu cao a l thuyt (H) ca
pic B,C.
2. Tnh gi tr trung bnh T v ca ct.
3. Tnh ch s lu gi ca cht B,C.
4. Th tch ca cht lng c gi trn b mt ca cht mang ca ct bng
12,3ml. Th tch ca pha ng bng 17,6ml. Hy tnh h s phn b B,C.
Gii:
1. Tnh n v H:
+ i vi pic B:
2

t
10, 60
nB 16 RB 16
5733
0,56
WB

+ i vi pic C
t
11, 08
nC 16 RC 16
5643
0,59
WC

Vy s a l thuyt ca ct tng ng 5688 a l thuyt.

+ Chiu cao a l thuyt:
H

L 28,3

4,975.103 (cm)
n 5688

2. Tnh v T:

2
n.H 2 5688.(4,975.103 ) 2 0,375(cm)
2
H
.tRB 10, 6.0,375
Ta c: TB L 28,3 0,141( phut )
.t
11, 08.0,375
TC RC
0,147( phut )
L
28,3
0,141 0,147
T
0,144( phut )
2

T n

3. Ch s lu gi ca cht B,C:
Ta c:

RB

tm 0,84

0, 079
t RB 10, 6

RC

tm
0,84

0, 076
t RC 11, 08

4. H s phn b B,C:

Vm (1 RB ) 17, 6(1 0, 079)

16, 68
RB .VS
0, 079.12,3
Vm
V (1 RC ) 17, 6(1 0, 076)
RC
kC m

17, 40
Vm kC .VS
RC .VS
0, 076.12,3
V

m
Ta c: RB V k .V k B
m
B S

Bi 3
Pic sc k ca hp cht X c pht hin sau 15 pht sau khi a mu
vo
(lc ca hp cht Y khng c gi bi vt liu ca ct xut hin qua
1,32 pht). Pic ca cht X c dng ng phn b Gauss vi b rng ca
y l 24,2s. di ca ct l 40,2cm.
1. Tnh s a l thuyt trong ct.
2. Tnh H ca ct.
3. Tnh T v ca ct.
4. Tnh ch s lu gi ca cht X.
5. T phng php chun b bit rng th tch ca cht lng c gi trn
b mt ca cht mang ca ct bng 9,9ml. Th tch ca pha ng bng
12,3ml. Hy tnh h s phn b X.
6. Tiu chun phn chia X v Y l bao nhiu nu yu t phn chia i vi X
v Y bng 1,011.
Gii:
1. S a l thuyt (n):
t
n X 16 RX
WX

15.60
16

24,2

22130

2. Tnh H:
Ta c

3. Tnh v T:
T n
Ta c:

L
L
40,2
H
1,82.10 3 (cm)
H
n 22130

2
n.H 2 22130.(1,82.10 3 ) 2 0,27(cm)
H2
.tR 15.0,27
T

40,2

0,101( phut )

4. Ch s lu gi ca cht X:
Ta c:

tm 1,32

0,088
tR
15

5. H s phn b X (kX):

m
Ta c: R V k .V k X
m
S
6. Tiu chun phn chia (Rs):

Ta c:

RS

n
1
(1 )
4

Vm (1 R) 12,3(1 0,088)

12,9
R.VS
0,088.9,9

22130
1
(1
) 0,4
4
1,011

vi l yu t phn chia.
Bi 4:
Mt h thng sc k lng hot ng vi cc thng s sau y:
- Chiu di ca phn ct c nhi pha tnh: 25,2 cm.
- Tc dng: 0,312 ml/pht.
- Th tch pha ng (Vm): 1,40 ml.
- Th tch pha tnh (Vs): 0,168 ml.
Sau khi cho qua ct mt hn hp cha 4 cu t A,B,C v D thu c mt
sc k cung cp cc d kin sau:
Cu t
Thi gian lu gi,pht
Chiu rng chn
pic,pht
Khng lu gi bi ct
1,2
A
4,7
0,48
B
8,8
0,92
C
12,5
1,34
D
13,8
1,44
Hy tnh:
1. S a l thuyt i vi mi pic,gi tr trung bnh, lch chun ca n
v chiu cao a l thuyt ca ct.
2. H s cha v h s phn b ca tng cu t.
3. phn gii RS, chn lc i vi 2 cu t C,D.
4. Chiu di ct nu mun t c phn gii 1,5 i vi 2 cu t
C,D.
Gii
t
w

1. S dng phng trnh : n 16( R )2 tnh c s a l thuyt

A: n = 1534
B: n =
1463
C: n = 1392
D: n = 1469
ntb = 1500
H
n

L 25, 2

0, 017cm
ntb 1500

2
n.H 2 1500.(0, 017) 2 0, 66(cm)
2
H

2. H s cha v h s phn b ca tng cu t.

t R tm
p dng cng thc k ' X t
ta tnh c h s cha ca tng cu
m

t :
kA = 2,9 ; kB = 6,3; kC = 9,4 kD = 10.
K V

X S
T cng thc k ' X V
ta tnh c h s phn b ca tng cu t :
M
KA = 24; KB = 53; KC = 78; KD = 87;
3. phn gii RS, chn lc i vi 2 cu t C,D.

Rs

2t R
0,94
wC wD

K D 87

1,12
K C 78

4.Chiu di ct phn gii gia cc cu t t yu cu ti thiu l

1,5 i vi 2 cu t C,D;k v khng thay i khi n v L tng.
Gi n1,n2 l s a l thuyt ca ct c v ct mi,ta c:
Rs ,1
Rs ,2

n1
n2

0,94
1500

n2 3800
1,50
n2

Chiu di ct phn gii tng ln 1,5:

L2 = H.n2 = 0,017. 3800 = 65 cm.
Bi 5:

Cho h sc k c tnh cht sau: t R 280s; t R 300s; WA 14s; WB 15s.

Ct c chiu di l 3,2m. Thay i chiu di t 320 cm ln 400 cm. Tnh
phn gii?
Gii:
A

t RA 280.

400
350( s )
320

t RB 300.

t
280
nA 16. RA 16
6400
14
WA

400
375( s)
320
2

t
300
nB 16. RB 16
6400
15
WB

400
t
n 16. R 6400.
8000
320
W
2

16.t 2R
t
n 16. R W
n
W

Ta c:

16.(350) 2
15, 65( s)
8000
2. 375 350
R
1,54
15, 65 16, 77

WA

WB

16.(375) 2
16, 77( s)
8000

Bi 6
Trong sc k kh tc di chuyn ca pha ng c th o c trc
tip, nu a vo mt lng no ca cht tan tng t nh metan,n
khng c gi bi pha tnh. Trong ct mao qun c chiu di 50m; thi
gian lu tr ca metan bng 71,5s;cn thi gian gi ca n-heptadecan l
12,6 pht. Hy cho bit:
a. Tc di chuyn ca pha ng bng bao nhiu?
b. Tc di chuyn ca di n-heptadecan bng bao nhiu?
Gii
a. Ta c L = 50 m = 5000 cm.
TR = 71,5 s
Vy tc di chuyn ca pha ng l:
F

L 5000

69,93cm / s
t R 71,5

b. i vi n-heptadecan: tR= 12,6 pht = 756 s.

Vy tc di chuyn ca di l:
F

5000
6, 61cm / s .
756

Bi 7
Mt ct sc k mao qun di 30m, chy mt cht chun hai tc
pha ng khc nhau, cho cc s liu sau:
Tc (cm/s)
S a l thuyt
0,5
150 000
120 000
Xc nh vn tc ti u,chiu cao a l thuyt cc tiu v s a l
thuyt vn tc ti u ,cho A=0.
Gii
TN1
H1 = 3000/150000 = 0,02 cm
TN2
H2 = 3000/120000 = 0,025 cm.
Ta c phng trnh:
B
0,5C
0,5
B
0, 025 C
1
0, 02

Gii phng trnh ta c : C= 0,02 s ; B = 0,005 cm2/s.

U ti u = (B/C)1/2 = 0,5 cm/s
Hmin = 2(B.C)1/2 = 0,02 cm.
S a l thuyt vn tc ti u l:
n

3000
150000 .
0, 02

Bi 8 Mt ct di 360 cm dng tch propan v butan bng phng php

sc k kh. Dng thc ngi ta o c khong cch t lc bm mu n
nh ca pic sc k ln lt l 152,5 mm v 415,5 mm,b rng chn cc pic
ln lt l 13,5 mm v 33,8 mm. Tnh s a l thuyt v chiu cao a l
thuyt ng vi mi cht.
Gii
t
w

S dng phng trnh : n 16( R ) 2 tnh c s a l thuyt

n(propan) = 2042
n(butan) = 2416
Chiu cao a l thuyt H

L
ta c
n

H(propan) = 0,176 cm
H(butan) = 0,149 cm.
Bi 9 Mt hn hp cha metyl xiclohexan,metyl xiclohexen v toluen c
tch bng phng php sc k lng kh trn ct nhi di 42 cm. Sc k
cung cp thi gian lu ca chng ln lt l 10,1 ; 11,0 ; 13,5 v chiu rng
pic ln lt l 0,75 ; 0,80 ; 1,05 pht. Hy tnh:
1. S a l thuyt i vi mi pic, gi tr trung bnh, lch chun ca n
v chiu cao a l thuyt ca ct.
2. phn gii gia metyl xiclohexan v metyl xiclohexen,gia metyl
xiclohexen v toluen. Cho bit kh c s dng l khng kh vi
tR(KK) = 1,2 pht (khng kh c xem l cu t khng b lu gi bi
ct).
3. Hy tnh chiu di ct phn gii gia cc cu t t yu cu ti
thiu l 1,5.
Gii
K hiu A : metyl xiclohexan
B: metyl xiclohexen
C: toluen.
t
w

1. S dng phng trnh : n 16( R ) 2 tnh c s a l thuyt

A: n = 2902
B: n = 3025
C: n =2645
ntb = 2900
H
n

L
420

0, 015cm
ntb 2900

2
n.H 2 2900.(0, 015) 2 0,81(cm)
2
H

2. phn gii gia metyl xiclohexan v metyl xiclohexen,gia metyl

xiclohexen v toluen
Rs , A B

2t R
1,16
wA wB

Rs , B C

2t R
2, 70
wA wB

3.Chiu di ct phn gii gia cc cu t t yu cu ti thiu l

1,5.
V Rs,A-B = 2,70>1,5 nn ch cn tnh chiu di phn gii gia AB t yu cu 1,5.
Gi n1,n2 l s a l thuyt ca ct c v ct mi,ta c:
Rs ,1
Rs ,2

n1
n2

1,16
2900

n2 4800
1,50
n2

Chiu di ct phn gii tng ln 1,5:

L2 = H.n2 = 0,015. 4800 = 73 cm.
Bi 10:
Mt php sc k kh s dng ct di 36 m, chy cht chun 3 th
nghim vi tc pha ng khc nhau cho cc pic c thi gian lu v
rng pic nh sau:
Th nghim
u (cm/s)
tR (s)
w (s)
1
10
300
20
2
20
250
16
3
30
150
10
Xc nh vn tc ti u, s a l thuyt cho ct vn hnh vn tc
ti u
Gii :
Theo phng trnh Van-Deemter, mun xc nh c vn tc ti u,
Hmin v s a l thuyt ta cn xc nh cc h s A, B, C. Mun vy ta xc
nh s a l thuyt v chiu cao a l thuyt cho tng th nghim :
Ta c : L=36 m = 3600 cm
300
n1 16

20

TN 1:

250
n2 16

16

TN 2:

150
n3 16

10

TN 3:

3600
3906
3600

3600
1,00(cm)
3600
3600
H2
0,92(cm)
3906
3600
H3
1,00(cm)
3600
H1

Thay cc s liu vo phng trnh trn ta c h phng trnh

sau:

B
10C
10
B
0,92 A
20C
20
B
1,00 A
30C
30
1,00 A

(1)
(2)
(3)

Gii h gm 3 phng trnh (1), (2) v (3) ta c:

A= 0,36 (cm), B = 4,8 (cm2/s) v C = 0,016 (s)
Vn tc ti u, Hmin v s a l thuyt c tnh l :
utoiuu

4,8
17,32(cm / s )
0,016

H min A 2 B.C 0,36 2 4,8.0,016 0,914(cm)

L
3600
n

3939
H
0,914

BI TP HPLC
Bi 1 [2_422]: Thi gian cn i qua bi pha di ng chuyn qua ct bng
25 pht. Gi tr R i vi cht tan c thi gian gi l 261 pht phi bng bao
nhiu ? Cht tan c bao nhiu thi gian s trong cc pha di chuyn v pha
tnh trc khi ra khi ct ?
Bi gii :
v
Ta c : R= vpha ng
cht tan
vpha ng L

25

tM
tM tS

; vcht tan

L
261

25
0,096
261

Cht tan c 9,6% thi gian pha ng

tM

9,6 261
= 25 pht ; tS = 261 25 = 236 pht
100

Bi 2 [3]: Tnh s a l thuyt trung bnh v chiu cao a l thuyt trung

bnh ca mt ct sc k c chiu cao 3,2m. Bit t lc bt u bm mu vo
u ct th pic ca cu t A t gi tr cc i : 350s ; cu t B l 375s. Cho
bit WA= 14s ; WB=15s

Bi gii:

 t
a> S a l thuyt: N 16. R
W
t R

350

16.
- i vi cu t A: N A 16.

10000

W
14

2
t RB
375
- i vi cu t B: N B 16.
16.
10000
15
WB

S a l thuyt trung bnh : N

N A NB
10000
2

b> Chiu cao a trung bnh:

L
3, 2

3, 2.104 m 0, 032cm
N 10000

Bi 3 [2_422] : R i vi 1 cht tan cho khi dng ct sc k xc nh

bng 0,1. Th tch ca pha di chuyn trong ct VM l 2,0 ml. Gi tr tS i
vi cht tan bng bao nhiu khi tc dng ca pha di ng bng 10
ml/pht ? Tnh KD nu VS = 0,5ml
Bi gii :
Ta c : R

tM
tM tS

Vi tM =

0,1

2
= 0,2
10

0.2
0.2 t S

0.2 0,02 0,1 t S

tS = 1,8 pht = 108 giy
Mt khc :

1
V
1 K D S = 0,1
VM

0,1

1
0,5 KD = 36
1 KD
2

Bi 4 [2_422] : H s phn b K i vi cht A trong ct sc k cho bi

trn ln hn so vi cht B. Hp cht no trong cc hp cht c gi mnh
hn trong ct sc k?
Bi gii :
Ta c :

UA

U
V
1 KA S
VM

UB

U
V
1 KB S
VM

M : VS = const ; VM = const
Nu KA > KB th UA < UB
Cht A s c gi mnh hn cht B trong ct sc k.
Bi 5 [2_422] : Tc di chuyn ca pha di ng trong ct c chiu di 10
cm bng 0,01 cm/giy. ra cu t A cn 40 pht. Phn no ca thi gian
chung ca s ra cn c mt ca cu t A trong pha di ng ? Gi tr R
i vi hp cht ny bng bao nhiu?
v
Ta c :
R = vpha ng
cht tan
Vi : vpha ng = 0,01 cm/giy
Vcht tan =
Suy ra : R

Bi gii :
R= 0,4167

10
= 4,16.10-3 cm/giy
40 60
tM
= 0,4167
tM tS

V : tM + tS = 40 pht

tM = =16,668 pht
= 1000 giy

Bi 6 [2_422]: Trong sc k khi tc di chuyn ca pha ng c th o

trc tip, nu a vo mt lng bo ca cht tan tng t mtan, n

khng c gi bi pha tnh. Trong ct mao qun c chiu di 50m thi gian
gi ca metan bng 71,5 giy, cn thi gian gi ca n-heptaecan l 12,6
pht.
a>Tc di chuyn ca pha ng bng bao nhiu ?
b>Tc di chuyn ca di n-heptanecan bng bao nhiu ?
c>Gi tr R i vi di ca n-heptanecan bng bao nhiu ?
Bi gii :
a>Tc di chuyn ca pha ng :
vM =

50
= 0,6993 m/giy = 69,93 cm/giy
71,5

b>Tc di chuyn ca di n-heptaecan :

vS =

50
0,0661 m/giy = 6,61 cm/giy.
12,6 60

c>Gi tr R ca di n-heptaecan :
R=

vS
6.61

0.0945
vM 69.93

Bi 7 [2_423] : Trong nhng iu kin xc nh, trong ct sc k phn b

kh-lng cho ngi ta ra gii cht A, c R=0,5 , cn VR = 100ml. Tc
dng ca pha di ng cn phi hng nh nhng VS (lng ca pha tnh
lng) c th thay i so vi i lng ban u ca n bng 1,5 ml. Cn phi
thay i i lng VS bao nhiu ln VR tng gp hai? C th lun lun
dng tha s ny khng khi cn tng gp 2 ln i lng V R hay n ch c
dng trong trng hp cho?
Bi gii :
Ta c :

VR = VM + KD.VS
100 = VM + 1,5.KD

(1)

Mt khc :

VM
0,5
VM K D VS

VM = 0,5.VM + 0,5.1,5.KD
VM = 0,5.VM + 0,75.KD
T (1) v (2) :

(2)

VM + 1,5.KD = 100
0,5.VM 0,75.KD = 0

VM = 50
KD = 33,33

VR = VM + KD.VS

Nu VR tng gp 2 :

200 = 50 + 33,33.VS
VS = 4,5 ml
VS = 3.VS
Vy tng i lng VR ln gp 2 ln th phi tng VS ln 3 ln.
Ta khng th dng tha s ny cho tt c cc trng hp mun tng V R ln 2
ln v vi mi php sc k s c cc i lng VM v KD khc nhau.
Bi 8 [2_423]: Hai cht c cc thi gian hiu chnh ca s gi bng 15 v
20 pht, trn ct sc k cho. Trn mt ct khc ci th tch ln hn ca
pha tnh, cu t th nht c thi gian hiu chnh ca s gi l 22 pht.
Thi gian hiu chnh ca s gi ca cu t th 2 trn ct ny bng bao
nhiu?
Bi gii :
Ta c : Rt = tR
A

tm

Rt

VS
= t m( 1 K A ) t m
VM

Rt

= tm.KA.

Tng t : Rt

VS
VM

= tm.KB.

VS
VM

'
RA 1

Vi ct sc k th nht :

'
RA 2

Vi ct sc k th hai :

t
t

'
RB 1
'
RB 2

Tng t :

VS 1
VS 2

VS 1

= tm.KA.
= tm.KA.

15

22

VM

VS 2

'
RA 1
'
RA 2

VS 1
VS 2

15
22

VM

t R' B

=
2

22 t R' B

15

22 20
= 29,33
15

pht
Vy thi gian lu hiu chnh ca cu t th 2 trn ct sc k th 2 l : 29,33
pht
Bi 9 [2_424]: Trong mt ct sc k phn b lng cho hp cht A c
K=10 cn hp cht B c K=15. i vi ct cho V S = 0,5ml , VM = 1,5ml
v tc di chuyn ca pha di ng bng 0,5ml/pht. Hy tnh V R, tR v R
ca mi cu t.
Bi gii :
R
Ta c : V
= VM + KD .VS
A

Tng t : V
= 1,5 + 15.0,5
R
B

= 1,5 + 10.0,5

= 9 ml

= 6,5 ml
RA

RB

1
1 K DA

V
S
VM

1
1 K DB

Ta li c : tM =

V
S
VM

1
0,5
1 10
1,5
1
0,5
1 15
1,5

VM 1,5

3 pht
vM 0,5

t
t
t
R M M tR M
tM t S t R
R

0,231

0,167

t RA

3
13 pht
0,231

t RB

3
18 pht
0,167

Bi 10 [2_425]: Khi kim tra ct sc k thy rng : pic c dng ng

phn b Gauss v b rng 40 giy thi gian gi 25 pht. Ct c s a l
thuyt l bao nhiu?

Bi gii :

t
Ta c : N 16 R
W

Thay tR = 25 pht = 25.60 = 1500 giy

W = 40 giy
1500
N 16

40

22500 a

Bi 11 [2_425]: Hiu qu ca mt ct sc k l 105 a l thuyt.

a>Hy tnh b rng ca cc pc nhn c trn ct ny cc thi gian gi l
100, 1000 v 104 giy. Chp nhn rng : dng ca pc tng ng ng cong
phn b Gauss.
b>Nu chiu di ca ct bng 12m th trong trng hp ny chiu cao tng
ng vi a l thuyt bng bao nhiu?
Bi gii :
2

t
N
t
a> T cng thc : N 16 R R
W
4
W
Vi tR = 100 giy

W1 = 1,265 giy

Vi tR = 1000 giy

W2 = 12,65 giy

Vi tR = 104 giy

W3 = 126,5 giy

b> Ta c : H

L
N

H=

4 t R
N

12 100
0,012 cm
105

Bi 12 [2_426]: Ct sc k lng c chiu di 2m c hiu qu 2450 a l

thuyt tc ca dng 15ml/pht v hiu qu 2200 a l thuyt tc
dng 40ml/pht. Vy nng ti u ca dng phi bng bao nhiu v hiu

qu tc ca dng s gn bng bao nhiu ?

Bi

gii :
Ta c : H

B
C u
u

Vi u1 = 15 ml/pht

H1

L
200

0,0816 cm
N1 2450

Vi u2 = 40 ml/pht

H2

L
200

0,0909 cm
N 2 2200

Ta c h :

Ut =

B
C 15
15
B
0,0909
C 40
40
B
0,829

21,74 (ml/pht)
C
1,754 103
0,0816

Hmin = 2 B C 2 0,829 1,754

10
3

B = 0,829
C = 1,754.10-3

(cm)
0,076

Bi 13 [2_427]: Ngi ta th nghim ct sc k kh - lng c chiu di 2m

bao tc khc nhau ca dng, mt khc, lm pha di ng ngi ta
dng hli. Kt qu th nghim tm thy rng ct c cc c trng sau :
Mtan(pha di ng)
n-octaecan
tR
tR
W
18.2 giy
2020 giy
223 giy
8.0 giy
888 giy
99 giy
5.0 giy
558 giy
68 giy
a> Hy xc nh tc di chuyn ca pha ng i vi mi dng.
b> Hy xc nh s a l thuyt v gi tr H i vi mi dng.
c> Bng cch gii ng thi cc phng trnh cn thit hy tm cc gi tr
B
C u
u

ca cc hng s trong phng trnh sau : H A

d> Tc ti u ca s di chuyn ca pha di ng bng bao nhiu ?

Bi gii :
a> Tc di chuyn ca pha di ng
u1 =

200
11 cm/s
18,2

; u2 =

200
25 cm/s
8

; u3 =

200
40
5

cm/s
b> S a l thuyt v gi tr H :
tR
N1 = 16 1
W1

tR
N2 = 16 2
W2

tR
N3 = 16 3
W3

2020
16

223

1310

H1 =

2 100
0,1526
1310

H2 =

2 100
0,1554
1287

(cm)
888
16

99

558
16

68

1287

(cm)
1076

2 100
0,1859 (cm)
1067
c> Xc nh A, B, C :
Ta c h :
B
C 11
11
B
0,1554 A
C 25
25
B
0,1859 A
C 40
40
0,1526 A

d> Tc ti u :
Ut =

B
0,695

15,96 cm/s
C
2,729 103

A 0,059
B 0,695
C 2,729 103

H3 =

Bi 14 [2_429]: Hiu qu ca ct sc k cho l 4200 a l thuyt, trong

cc thi gian gi octaecan v 2 metyl heptaecan tng ng l 15,05 v
14,82 pht. Mc phn gii ca cc hp cht ny trn ct l bao nhiu ?
Cn bao nhiu a l thuyt trong nhng thi gian ny ca s gi phn
gii tr nn bng 1.
Bi gii :
2

t
Ta c : N 16 R = 4200
W
Vi t RA 15,05 60 903 giy

WA = 55,73 giy

Vi t RB 14,82 60 889,2 giy

WB = 54,88 giy

tR tRB
903 889,2
R 2 A
2

55,73 54,88
WA WB

0,25

phn gii R=1 :

tR t RB
Ta c : R 2 A
= 1
WA WB
Mt khc :

t RA
WA

tRB
WB

WA + WB = 27,6 pht (1)

t RB WA t RA
WB 0

14,82. WA 15,05. WB = 0 (2)

T (1) v (2) ta c : WA = 13,694 pht

N=69572 a

WB = 13,906 pht
Bi 15 [3]: Tin hnh sc k hn hp 2 cht A v B trn ct sc k c chiu
di L=4m c s a l thuyt n = 800 a. Tc tuyn tnh ca 2 cu t A
v B trong pha ng ln lt l 2 cm/s ; 1,6 cm/s, tm = 10s.
a> Tnh tRA v tRB
b> C th tch A v B ra khi nhau c khng ?
c> Tnh phn gii ca php sc k.

Bi gii:
a> Ta c : t R

L
U

Vi : L - chiu cao ct sc k
U - Tc tuyn tnh ca cu t

- Cu t A : t RA
- Cu t B: t R
B

L
400

200s
UA
2

L 400

250 s
U B 1, 6

b> Tnh h s tch :

t R' A
t R' B

t RA t m
t RB tm

200 10
0,8 1
250 10

Vy c th tch 2 cht A v B ra khi nhau.

Bi 16 [2_429]: Cc thi gian gi ca - cholestan v - cholestan trong h
cht lng pha rn trn ct sc k c chiu di 1m v vi hiu qu 104 a l
thuyt tng ng bng 4025 v 4100 giy. Nu 2 hp cht ny cn c
phn chia vi phn gii bng mt th cn bao nhiu a l thuyt t
c mc ch ny ? Chiu di no ca dng ny cn nhn c phn
gii ch ra, nu H= 0,1mm?
Bi gii :
tR t RB
Ta c : R 2 A
=1
WA WB
Vi t R = 4025 s

WA + WB = 150 s (1)

t R = 4100 s
B

Mt khc :

t RA
WA

tRB
WB

t RB WA t RA
WB 0 (2)

T (1) v (2) ta c : WA = 74,31 giy

WB = 75,69 giy

N=46942 a

Vi H = 0,1 mm L = 4,6942 m
Bi 17 [5_525]: Pic sc k ca hp cht c pht hin sau 15 pht khi a
mu vo (lc pic ca hp cht Y khng c gi bi vt liu ca ct xut
hin qua 1,32 pht). Pc ca cht X c dng ng phn b Gauss vi b
rng ca y l 24,2s. di ca ct l 40,2 cm.
a> Tnh s a l thuyt trong ct.
b> Tnh H ca ct
c> Tnh T v ca ct.
d> Tnh ch s lu gi ca X .
e> T phng php chun b bit rng th tch ca cht lng gi trn
b mt
ca cht mang ca ct bng 9,9. Th tch ca pha ng bng 12,3 ml. Tnh
hng s phn b KD.
Bi gii :
a> Tnh N :
2

15.60
t
N 16 R = 16
=22130 a
W
24,2

b> Tnh H :
H

L
40,2

0,0181 mm
N 22130

c> Tnh T v :
T
N

W 24,2

6,05 giy
4
4

2
H2

H N 1,81.103. 22130 0,27 cm

d> Tnh R :

1,32
0,088
15

e> Tnh KD :

V
9,9 = 0,088 KD = 12,9
1 KD S = 1 KD
VM
12,3

Bi 18 [5_525]: Trn sc k ngi ta tm thy 3 pic 0,84 pht, 10,6

pht v 11,08 pht tng ng vi cc hp cht A, B v C. Hp cht A khng
c lu gi bi pha tnh lng. Cc pc ca cc hp cht B v C c dng
ng Gauss c chiu rng 0,56 pht v 0,59 pht tng ng. di ct
bng 28,3 cm.
a> Tnh gi tr trung bnh N v H theo cc pic B v C.
b> Tnh gi tr trung bnh T v .
c> Tnh ch s lu gi i vi B v C.
d> Th tch ca cht lng c gi trn b mt ca cht mang ca ct
bng 12,3 ml cn th tch ca pha ng bng 17,6 ml. Hy tnh hng s phn
b ca tp cht B v C.
Bi gii :
a> Tnh N v H trung bnh :
t
Ta c : N 16 R
W

Vi B : N1 = 5733 a H1 = 0,494 mm
Vi C : N2 = 5643 a H2 = 0,5 mm

N = 5688 a
H = 0,497 mm

b> Tnh T v trung bnh :

T1 =
T2 =

W 0,56

0,14 pht
4
4
W 0,59

0,1475 pht
4
4

T = 0,14375 pht

Ta c : N

2
H2

H N 0,497. 5688 37,48

c> Tnh ch s lu gi ca B v C :
RB

0,84
0,079
10,6

RC

0,84
0,076
11,08

d> Tnh :
RB

V
12,3 = 0,079
1 K DB S = 1 K DB
VM
17,6

K DB 16,682

Tng t : K DC 17,4
Do :

K DB
K DC

16,682
0,96
17,4

Bi 19 [3]: Trong qu trnh tch sc k ca 2 cht A v B trong ct sc k c

chiu di 0,9 m ta thu c cc pic tng ng: t RA 720s v t RB 750s .
Chiu rng cc pic c dng ng phn b Gauss : WA = 24s, WB = 25s.
Bit tm = 50s.
a> Tnh s a v chiu cao a l thuyt trung bnh.
b> Tnh s a l thuyt hiu lc ca h sc k.
c> Tnh phn gii.
Bi gii :
t
a> * S a l thuyt: N 16. R
W

2
t RA
720
- i vi cu t A: N A 16.
16.
14400
W
24

2
t RB
750
- i vi cu t B: N B 16.
16.
14400
W
25

 S a l thuyt trung bnh : N

N A NB
14400
2

* Chiu cao a trung bnh:

L
0,9

6, 25.105 m 6, 25.10 3 cm
N 14400

t t
b> S a l thuyt hiu lc : n f 16. R m
W

2
t RA tm
720 50
- Cu t A: n f A 16.
16.
12469
W
24

2
t RB tm
750 50
- Cu t B: n f B 16.
16.
12544
W
25

12469 12544
S a l thuyt hiu lc trung bnh: n f
12506
2
c> phn gii:

2. t RB t RA
WA WB

2 750 720 1, 2245

24 25

Bi 20 [3]: Trong qu trnh tin hnh sc k ca cc cht trong ct sc k c

chiu di 45 cm. Ngi ta thu c trn sc 3 pic tng ng : 60s, 360s,
375s ng vi 3 cu t X, Y, Z. Cc pic c dng ng Gauss ca Y v Z c
WY = 24s, WZ = 25s cn cht X khng c lu gi bi vt liu ct.
a> Tnh s a l thuyt trung bnh v chiu cao a theo pic Y v Z.
b> Tnh s a l thuyt hiu lc ca ct sc k.
c> Tnh h s lu gi tng i gia Y v Z.
e> Th tch ca cht lng c gi trn b mt cht mang ca ct l
8,7ml. Th tch pha ng bng 11,5ml. Tnh h s phn b ca Y v Z.
Bi gii:

a> N v H theo Y v Z:
t
* S a l thuyt: N 16. R
W

2
t RY
360
- i vi cu t Y: NY 16.
16.
3600
W
24

2
t RZ
375
- i vi cu t Z: N Z 16.
16.
3600
25
WZ

S a l thuyt trung bnh : N

NY N Z
3600
2

* Chiu cao a trung bnh:

L
45

0, 0125cm
N 3600

t t
b> S a l thuyt hiu lc: n f 16. R m
W

2
t RY tm
360 60
- Cu t Y: n fY 16.
16.
2500
24

WY
2

2
t RZ tm
375 60
- Cu t Z: n f Z 16.
16.
2540
25

WZ

S a l thuyt hiu lc trung bnh: n f

2500 2540
2520
2

c> Tnh h s lu gi tng i gia A v B:

t R' Y
t

'
RZ

t RY tm
t RZ tm

360 60
0,952
375 60
2

t t
e> Ta c : n f 16. R m (1)
W

Ta li c : tR = tm .(1 + K) tm

tR
(2) (Vi : K ' K . VS )
'
D
1 K
V
m

Thay (2) vo (1) ta c:

n f 16.

t
t R R '
1 K

- Xt cu t Y:

'
M : KY K D

2
2

'
tR K
16.
'
W 1 K

KY '
n fY N .

'
1 KY

K'
n f N .

'
1 K

n fY
KY'
2500

0,8333
'
1 KY
N
3600

KY' 5

VS
V
11,5
K DY KY' . m 5.
6, 61
Vm
VS
8, 7

Tnh ton tng t i vi cu t Z ta c : K DZ 6,94

BI TP GC
Bi 1 : Tc di chuyn ca pha di ng trong ct c chiu di 10 cm
bng 0,01 cm/giy. ra cu t A cn 40 pht. Phn no ca thi gian
chung ca s ra cn c mt ca cu t A trong pha di ng ? Gi tr R
i vi hp cht ny bng bao nhiu?
Bi gii :

vpha ng
Vcht tan
Vi : vpha ng = 0,01 cm/giy

Ta c :

R=

Vcht tan =

10
= 4,16.10-3 cm/giy
40 60

R= 0,4167

Suy ra : R

tM
= 0,4167
tM tS

tM = 0,4167 40 =16,668 pht

= 1000 giy

V : tM + tS = 40 pht

Bi 2 : Trong nhng iu kin xc nh, trong ct sc k phn b kh lng cho ngi ta ra gii cht A, c R=0,5 , cn V R = 100ml. Tc
dng ca pha di ng cn phi hng nh nhng VS (lng ca pha tnh
lng) c th thay i so vi i lng ban u ca n bng 1,5 ml. Cn phi
thay i i lng VS bao nhiu ln VR tng gp hai? C th lun lun
dng tha s ny khng khi cn tng gp 2 ln i lng V R hay n ch c
dng trong trng hp cho?
Bi gii :
Ta c :

VR = VM + KD.VS
100 = VM + 1,5.KD

Mt khc : R

(1)

VM
0,5
VM K D VS

VM = 0,5.VM + 0,5.1,5.KD
VM = 0,5.VM + 0,75.KD
T (1) v (2) :

(2)

VM + 1,5.KD = 100
0,5.VM 0,75.KD = 0

VM = 50
KD = 33,33

Nu VR tng gp 2 : VR = VM + KD.VS
200 = 50 + 33,33.VS
VS = 4,5 ml
VS = 3.VS
Vy tng i lng VR ln gp 2 ln th phi tng VS ln 3 ln.
Ta khng th dng tha s ny cho tt c cc trng hp mun tng V R ln 2
ln v vi mi php sc k s c cc i lng VM v KD khc nhau.

Bi 3 : Thi gian cn i qua bi pha di ng chuyn qua ct bng 25

pht. Gi tr R i vi cht tan c thi gian gi l 261 pht phi bng bao
nhiu. Cht tan c bao nhiu thi gian s trong cc pha di chuyn v pha
tnh trc khi ra khi ct ?
Bi gii :
v
Ta c : R= Vpha ng
cht tan

tM
tM tS

vpha ng L
; Vcht tan
25

L
261

25
0,096
261

Cht tan c 9,6% thi gian pha ng

tM

9,6 261
= 25 pht ; tS = 261 25 = 236 pht
100

Bi 4 : Hiu qu ca mt ct sc k l 105 a l thuyt.

a. Hy tnh b rng ca cc pc nhn c trn ct ny cc thi gian gi l
100, 1000 v 104 giy. Chp nhn rng : dng ca pc tng ng ng cong
phn b Gauss.
b. Nu chiu di ca ct bng 12m th trong trng hp ny chiu cao tng
ng vi a l thuyt bng bao nhiu?
Bi gii :
2

t
N
t
a. T cng thc : N 16 R R
W
4
W
Vi tR = 100 giy

W1 = 1,265 giy

Vi tR = 1000 giy W2 = 12,65 giy

Vi tR = 104 giy
b. Ta c : H

W3 = 126,5 giy

L
12 100
0,012 cm
H=
N
105

4 t R
N

Bi 5: R i vi 1 cht tan cho khi dng ct sc k xc nh bng

0,1. Th tch ca pha di chuyn trong ct VM l 2,0 ml. Gi tr tS i vi cht
tan bng bao nhiu khi tc dng ca pha di ng bng 10 ml/pht ? Tnh
KD nu VS = 0,5ml
Bi gii :
Ta c : R

tM
tM tS

Vi tM =

0,1

2
= 0,2
10

0.2
0.2 t S

0.2 0,02 0,1 t S

tS = 1,8 pht = 108 giy
Mt khc :

0,1

1
V
1 K D S = 0,1
VM
1

0,5 KD = 36
1 KD
2

Bi 6 : Ngi ta th nghim ct sc k kh - lng c chiu di 2m bao

tc khc nhau ca dng, mt khc, lm pha di ng ngi ta dng
hli. Kt qu th nghim tm thy rng ct c cc c trng sau :
Mtan
(pha di ng)
n-octaecan
tR
tR
W
18.2 giy
2020 giy
223 giy
8.0 giy
888 giy
99 giy
5.0 giy
558 giy
68 giy
a. Hy xc nh tc di chuyn ca pha ng i vi mi dng.
b. Hy xc nh s a l thuyt v gi tr H i vi mi dng.

c. Bng cch gii ng thi cc phng trnh cn thit hy tm cc gi tr

B
C u
u

ca cc hng s trong phng trnh sau : H A

d. Tc ti u ca s di chuyn ca pha di ng bng bao nhiu ?

Bi gii :
a. Tc di chuyn ca pha di ng
u1 =

200
11 cm/s
18,2

200
25 cm/s
8

; u2 =

; u3 =

200
40
5

cm/s
b. S a l thuyt v gi tr H :
tR
N1 = 16 1
W1

2020
16

223

1310

H1 =

2 100
0,1526
1310

H2 =

2 100
0,1554
1287

H3 =

2 100
0,1859
1067

(cm)
tR
N2 = 16 2
W2

tR
N3 = 16 3
W3

888
16

99

558
16

68

1287

(cm)

(cm)
c. Xc nh A, B, C :
Ta c h :

1076

B
C 11
11
B
0,1554 A
C 25
25
B
0,1859 A
C 40
40
0,1526 A

A 0,059
B 0,695
C 2,729 103

d. Tc ti u :
Ut =

B
0,695

15,96 cm/s
C
2,729 103

Bi 7 : Pic sc k ca hp cht c pht hin sau 15 pht khi a mu

vo (lc pic ca hp cht Y khng c gi bi vt liu ca ct xut hin
qua 1,32 pht). Pc ca cht X c dng ng phn b Gauss vi b rng
ca y l 24,2s. di ca ct l 40,2 cm.
a. Tnh s a l thuyt trong ct.
b. Tnh H ca ct
c. Tnh T v ca ct.
d. Tnh ch s lu gi ca X .
e. T phng php chun b bit rng th tch ca cht lng gi
trn b mt ca cht mang ca ct bng 9,9. Th tch ca pha ng bng
12,3 ml. Tnh hng s phn b KD.
Bi gii :
a. Tnh N :
2

15.60
t
N 16 R = 16
=22130 a
W
24,2
b. Tnh H :
H

L
40,2

0,0181 mm
N 22130

c. Tnh T v :

W 24,2

6,05 giy
4
4

2
H N 1,81.103. 22130 0,27 cm
2
H

N
d. Tnh R :
R

1,32
0,088
15

e. Tnh KD :
R

V
9,9 = 0,088 KD = 12,9
1 KD S = 1 KD
VM
12,3

Bi 8: a) Tnh s a l thuyt (n) ca ct sc k v chiu cao (H) ca a l

thuyt.

Bit

thi

W A 14 s; WB 15s.

gian

t R A 280 s; t R B 300 s;

lu:

rng

pic:

Ct c chiu di l 320 cm.

b) Tnh phn gii R.

c) Tnh phn gii R nu thay i chiu di ct t 320 cm ln 400
cm.
Bi gii:
2

a) i vi pic A:

280
n 16

14
300
n 16

15

i vi pic B:

6400

6400

Vy, s a l thuyt ca ct tng ng: n = 6400.

Chiu cao a l thuyt:

320
0,05(cm).
6400

b) phn gii R c nh ngha:

R

Trong :

t Ri

2 tR A tRB
WA WB

l thi gian lu ca cht i.

Wi

l rng ca pic ca cht i trn sc k .

Suy ra:

2 tR A tRB
WA WB

2 280 300
14 15

1,3793

Nhn xt: 1,5 > R = 1,3793 > 1 v vy php sc k mi ch tch c

A v B ra khi nhau m cha t c phn gii ng nn.
c) Cc gi tr tR, n, w ca cht A v B ng vi chiu di ct 400 cm l:
Cch 1:

t RA

280
350s;
400 / 320

t RB

300
375s
400 / 320

n 6400.( 400 / 320) 8000

t
n 16 R
W

WA

16.t R2
n

16.350 2
15,65s
8000

16.375 2
16,77 s
8000
(375 350)
R
1,54
(15,65 16,77)

WB

Cch 2: Do R t l thun vi L1/2 ta c biu thc:

R2

R1

L2
L
R2 R1 . 2 1,3793. 400 / 320 1,54
L1
L1

Kt qu ny cho phn gii tt hn, php tch sc k t phn

gii ng y.
Bi 9: Mt php sc k kh s dng ct di 36 m, chy cht chun 3 th
nghim vi tc pha ng khc nhau cho cc pic c thi gian lu v
rng pic nh sau:
Th nghim
1

u (cm/s)
10

tR (s)
300

w (s)
20

2
3

20
30

250
150

16
10

Xc nh vn tc ti u, s a l thuyt cho ct vn hnh vn tc

ti u
Bi gii:
Theo phng trnh Van-Deemter, mun xc nh c vn tc ti u,
Hmin v s a l thuyt ta cn xc nh cc h s A, B, C. Mun vy ta xc
nh s a l thuyt v chiu cao a l thuyt cho tng th nghim :
Ta c : L=36 m = 3600 cm
300
n1 16

20

TN 1:

250
n2 16

16

TN 2:

150
n3 16

10

TN 3:

3600

H1

H2

3906

3600

3600
1,00(cm)
3600

H3

3600
0,92(cm)
3906

3600
1,00(cm)
3600

Thay cc s liu vo phng trnh trn ta c h phng trnh sau:

1,00 A

B
10C
10

(1)

0,92 A

B
20C
20

(2)

1,00 A

B
30C
30

(3)

Gii h gm 3 phng trnh (1), (2) v (3) ta c:

A= 0,36 (cm), B = 4,8 (cm2/s) v C = 0,016 (s)
Vn tc ti u, Hmin v s a l thuyt c tnh l :
utoiuu

4,8
17,32(cm / s )
0,016

H min A 2 B.C 0,36 2 4,8.0,016 0,914(cm)

L
3600

3939
H
0,914

Bi 10: Tnh ch s lu Kovats cho hp cht X c thi gian lu t'R(X)= 1,75.

Cho bit t'R(n-pentan)= 1,25 v t'R(n-heptan)= 2,50.
Bi gii
Nh vy t'R(X) nm gia 2 n-parafin tho mn iu kin bi:
t'R(n-pentan) < t'R(X) < t'R(n-heptan)
p dng phng trnh Kovats cho cu t X nh sau:
lg1,75 lg1,25
500
I X 200.
lg 2,50 lg1,25
I X 597

Trong trng hp ny c th ni rng cu t X c s nguyn t

cacbon biu kin l 5,97. Cu t ny c thi gian lu gn bng thi gian lu
ca n-hexan Ih exan = 600.