Course Materials

CN1111: Chemical Engineering Principles

Text book:
RM Felder & RW Rousseau, Elementary
Principles of Chemical Processes, 3rd ed.
Reference Books:
RM Murphy, Introduction to Chemical
Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis.
DM Himmelblau & JB Riggs,
Basic Principles and
Calculations in Chemical
Engineering, 7th ed.
Lecture notes: IVLE

How do I find more information?

Course Outline

Google: www.google.com
Wikipidia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
Journals & magazines
- Chemical Engineering Education
- Chemical Engineering Journal
- Chemical Engineering Science
- AIChE Journal
- Chemical Engineering
- Chemical & Engineering News
- Chemical Industry News
Chemical engineering societies/associations/Conferences
- WCEC: www.chemengworld.org/
- AIChE: www.aiche.org
- IChemE: www.icheme.chemeng.ed.ac.uk
- IChemE in Singapore: www.icheme.org/singapore
- WCCE: organised by the WCEC every 4 years
3

Part I: Dr. LU, Xianmao

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Engineering calculations
Chapter 3: Processes and process variables
Chapter 5: Single Phase System
Chapter 6: Multiple Phase System
Part II: Dr. PHOTINON, Kanokorn
Materials and energy balances

Assessment Method

Course Schedule
Week 1: No lecture due to NUS RAG

Mid-Term Quiz (30%):

- Closed-book
- 2/3 from Part I and 1/3 from Part II
- Time and Venue: TBA

Week 2: LU, Xianmao

Final Exam (70%):

- Closed-book exam
- 1/3 from Part I and 2/3 from Part II
- Time and Venue: TBA

Week 6 (Thursday): PHOTINON, Kanokorn

Recess Week: PHOTINON, Kanokorn

While Home Assignments are not assessed, students

are strongly suggested to solve the problems given at the
end of each chapter of Felder.
5

Chapter 1: Introduction

Week 3: LU, Xianmao

Week 4: LU, Xianmao
Week 5: LU, Xianmao
Week 6 (Monday): LU, Xianmao

Week 7: PHOTINON, Kanokorn

Week 7: PHOTINON, Kanokorn (lecture), Midterm quiz (LU and PHOTINON)
Week 8: PHOTINON, Kanokorn
Week 9: PHOTINON, Kanokorn
Week 10: PHOTINON, Kanokorn
Week 11: PHOTINON, Kanokorn
Week 12: PHOTINON, Kanokorn
Week 13: PHOTINON, Kanokorn
6

Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemical Engineering

1. What is chemical process?

2. What is chemical engineering?
3. What do chemical engineers do?
4. Is a chemical engineer well paid?
5. How do I become a chemical engineer?

What is chemical engineering?

Chapter 1: Introduction
Chemical processes: to convert raw materials into
desired products.

Chemical engineering is different from chemistry because it

emphasizes the commercial applications of chemical reactions
and involves harnessing chemical reactions to produce things
people want.

The key: processes

Chemical

A chemical plant
A fresh
manager
ChE
gradate

Engineering!

What is your
field of study?

Then, our
chemistry lab

11

might be the
best place for you ?

10

Chemical engineering processes

What is chemical engineering

A branch of engineering that deals with the application of
physical science (e.g., chemistry and physics), life sciences
(e.g., biology and biochemistry), environmental science,
mathematics, economics, and social sciences to the
process of converting raw materials into desired products,
such as petroleum refining. In addition, modern chemical
engineering is also concerned with pioneering valuable
new materials and techniques, such as renewable
resources, nanotechnology, sustainable energy, and
biomedical engineering.
Chemical engineering involves the design, improvement
and maintenance of processes involving chemical or
biological transformations for large-scale manufacture.

Oh no!
Not again...

A chemical engineering process may consist of many unit

operations. Below are typical unit operations in some
chemical engineering processes:
In

Process

Filtration in fluid flow processes,

Evaporation and condensation in heat transfer processes,
Gas absorption and desorption in mass transfer processes,
Gas liquefaction, refrigeration in thermodynamic processes,
Solids transportation, crushing and pulverization, screening and
sieving, shaping in mechanical processes,
Mixing in combination processes,
Distillation and extraction in separation and purification processes,
Catalytic reaction in chemical reactions

12

Out

Examples of unit operations in

chemical engineering processes

Examples of unit operations in

chemical engineering processes

A Refinery
Ammonia Synthesis

Haber-Bosch Tubular Reactor

13

14

What do chemical engineers do?

Engineers use techniques of Quantitative Engineering
Analysis to design/synthesize products, services, and
processes even though they have an imperfect
understanding of chemical, physical, biological, or human
factors affecting them.
Engineers operate under the constraint of producing a
product or service that is timely, competitive, reliable,
safe, sustainable, and cost-effective.
Engineers use all that they know to produce the best
solution to a problem (problems that engineers face
usually have more than one solution).
15

What do chemical engineers do?

Chemical engineer are involved in a wide range of activities,
such as
Design, development & operation of process plants,
R&D of novel products
& processes,

Management of
technical operations
& sales,

Service & consulting,

Environmental management
& sustainability.

16

What do chemical engineers do?

- Chemicals
- Oil & Gas (upstream and downstream)
- Pulp & Paper
- Rubber & Plastics
- Food & Beverage
- Fibers & Textile
- Electronics & IT
- Metals & mineral processing
- Electronics & microelectronics
- Agricultural chemicals industries
- Cosmetics & pharmaceutical
- Biotechnology & biomedical
- Environmental, technical & business consulting
17

What do chemical engineers do?

Thus, Chemical engineers sometimes are called universal
engineers because their scientific and technical mastery is
so broad.

19

What do chemical engineers do?

Chemical engineering involves selecting the raw material,
specifying the equipment, defining operating conditions,
taking care of instrumentation & process control,
considering economic & environmental impacts of the
process.
Air

Chemistry Mathema'cs

Natural8Gas
Coal

! !!

Minerals

Economics

Energy
Physics

Biology

18

What do chemical engineers do?

Chemical process design and construction
- Process unit and plant design
- Upgrades and retrofits
- Plant-wide control
- Information technology
- Project management

20

What do chemical engineers do?

Commodity & specialty chemical processing
- Agricultural chemicals
- Industrial gases
- Paints, pigments, & inks
- Petrochemicals
- Plastics, composites
- Pulp & paper
- Soaps & detergents
- cosmetics
- Synthetic fibers, films, & textiles

21

What do chemical engineers do?

Food'and'beverage'processing
!! New$food$products

!. Food$addi2ves
!. Op2miza2on$of$avor,$texture
!. Packaging
!. Shelf$life

23

What do chemical engineers do?

Energy'and'fuels
!! Petroleum*rening
!! Power*genera1on
!! Alterna1ve*fuels*(H2,*biomass,*etc.)
!! Alterna1ve*energy*(solar*cells,*wind*
!! energy,*etc.)*

22

What do chemical engineers do?

Biochemical and biomedical engineering

- Biopharmaceuticals, enzyme production
- Artificial organs
- Tissue engineering
- Metabolic engineering
- Genomics and proteomics
- Fermentation technology
- Drug delivery and release
- Biomedical materials

24

drug dissolved
inside vesicle

What do chemical engineers do?

Electronics
- Thin film and bulk processing
- Semiconductor materials development

25

What do chemical engineers do?

R&D of new processes to make chemical products from
renewable resources

What do chemical engineers do?

Environmental, Safety, Security, Health, and Government
- Waste minimization & control
- Healthy products
- Plant security
- Intellectual property
- Graduate schools
- Education
- Finance
- Government

26

Chemical Engineers in Singapore

2002-2003

Less in classical fields, but more in teaching and

governmental agencies and consulting companies.
27

28

ChE Degree has Largest Initial Payback

Job Description of Chemical Engineers

In Asia-Pacific Region (2009) From http://www.jobsdb.com/
MEDIAN
MONTHLY GROSS WAGE
Aeronautical Engineering
S$2,500
Air-conditioning & Refrigeration Engineer
S$2,097
Automotive Engineering
S$1,799
Chemical Engineering (Chemicals)
S$2,097
Chemical Engineering (Petroleum)
S$3,321
Civil and Structural Engineering
S$2,500
Electrical Engineering
S$2,304
Electronic engineering
S$2,348
Mechanical Engineering
S$2,358
Mechanical Engineering (motors & Engines) S$2,269
TYPES OF ENGINEERING

www.aiche.org (2010)
29

Job Description of Chemical Engineers

The Jurong Island
- the center of Singapore's chemicals industry,
- more than 90 leading petroleum, petrochemicals,
specialty chemicals and manufacturing companies,
- a total gross investment of more than S$27 billion,
- > 8,000 employment

30

Emerging areas in chemical engineering

Biotechnology will develop further
Biomedical devices including nano and biomedical imagers,
customized pharmcy, lab-on-a-chip will emerge into the market
place

Advanced materials including multifunctional materials,

conducting polymers, biomaterials (tissue engineering)
continue development for specialized applications

Bio-MEMs and Bio-NEMS emerge in early commercial success

Sustainable energy and energy storage
Water technology
31

32

Future challenges in chemical engineering

Energy:
- Fossil fuels limited and climate change
- Solar, hydrogen, geothermal, nuclear, bio energy?
- Conversion and storage of energy
Environmental engineering & sustainability:
- Atomic efficiency?
- More selective processes?
- Alternatives to replace existing processes?
- Alternative feed and products?
- End-of pipe or before pipe control?
- Water technology (desalination, recycle and reuse)
-

33

How do I become a Chemical Engineer

Traditional learning objectives

Chapter*1:*Introduc1on
Future&challenges&in&chemical&engineering

34

How do I become a Chemical Engineer

Looking'at'processes'at'mul9scale'and'molecular'level'
with'mul9disciplinary'knowledge

CN1111: Equilibrium relations between in and out

CNXXXX: Non-equilibrium and more complex processes

35

36