Transformer

Electromagnatic induction
Voltage induced in a coil

Transformer

E 4.44 fNmax

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Where
E=effective voltage induced[V]
f= frequency of the flux [Hz]
N=number of turns on the coil
max = Peak value of the flux [Wb]
4.44 = a constant [exact value = 2/2]

Transformer
Applied voltage and induced voltage

E g 4.44 fNmax

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TRANSFORMER EQUATION.
Average rate of change of flux =2m / (1/2f)
= 4f m webers/second

As flux change from positive (+) maximum to m

(maximum) in cycle
i.e

1
1
f
T
2 2f

 average e.m.f induced per turn = 4fm Volts

As for sinusoidal wave the r.m.s or effective
value is 1.11 times the average value,
r.m.s e.m.f/turn = 1.11 x 4fm.

E = 4.44 N1fm

Volts

Also
If = instantaneous value of flux in Webers

Also
If = instantaneous value of flux in Webers
= m sin 2ft

induced e.m.f per turn

e.m.f = d/dt Volts
e.m.f = 2fm (Cos 2ft) Volts
The maximum value of e.m.f /turn

e.m.f/turn(maximum) = 2fm Volts

and r.m.s value of induced
e.m.f/turn = 0.707 x 2fm
= 4.44fm Volts

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Example
A coil having 90 turns is connected to a
120V, 60Hz source. If the effective value
of the magnetizing current is 4A.
Calculate the following: The peak value of flux.
The peak value of m.m.f.
The inductive reactance of the coil.
The inductance of the coil.

Solution
(a)

max

120

Eg
4.44 fN

4.44 60 90 0.005 wb

5mwb.

(b)
The peak current is

I ( peak) 2 I 1.41 4 5.64 A

m

The peak mmf

m.m. f NI 90 5.64

507 .6 A
The flux is equal to 5 mwb at the instant
when the coil m.m.f. is 507.6A.

(c)
The inductive reactance is

Xm E

120 30
Im
4

(d)
The inductance is
L

30

2 f

0.0796 H

( 2 60 )

79 .6mH

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A Tarnsformer