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Procedure For Radiography Testing
Procedure For Radiography Testing
- 1OF 9
DATE:-03.11.2007
REV.NO.- 0
PROCEDURE NO.LT/MSQ/P/ RT /009
CONTENTS
1. SCOPE
2. REFERENCE
3. PERSONNEL
4. IDENTIFICATION OF FILM
5. EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL
6. TECHNIQUE
7. IQI
8. LOCATION MARKER
9. GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS
10. BACK SCATTER RADIATION
11. EXPOSURE
12. DENSITY
13. DARK ROOM
14. FILM PROCESSING
15. QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS
16. EVALUATION
17. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
18. DOCUMENTS
19. SAFETY
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SCOPE:
This procedure describes are method & techniques of radiographic examination of
butt welds of piping construction work of MSQ Up gradation Project, IOCL Panipat..
2.0
REFERENCE:
2.1
2.2
2.3
ASNT
Recommended
practice:
SNT-TC-1A-Personnel
qualification
and
3.0
PERSONNEL:
All radiography activities shall be carried out by BARC certified personnel only.
Radiography shall be evaluated by certified ASNT/ISNT level II personnel.
Certificate of RSO / site-in-charge, Radiographers shall be submitted.
4.0
IDENTIFICATION OF FILM :
Each radiograph shall have permanent identification to establish its precise
location to job at least 5mm away from the weld edge. Identification shall have
minimum following requirement.
4.1
4.2
Line no.
4.3
Joint no.
4.4
4.5
Welder no.
4.6
Thickness
4.7
Date
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MSQ(EPCC 1) UP GRADATION
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EQUIPMENT/MATERIAL:
5.1
Refer Table-1
5.2
5.2.1
FILM
ASTM CL-I or CL-II film may be used depending upon sensitivity requirement as
per table below. All films to be used for radiography shall be in good condition
and within the period of expiry date, marked on each individual carton by
manufacturer.
Type of Source and Film to be used for Radiography: Table-I
Wall
Thickness (T)
Material
Field Welds
in mm
Source
19 T
Gamma-ray
All materials
8 T < 19
Carbon Steel
Source
AGFA D7 or Gamma-ray
(Iriduim 192)
Film
AGFA D7 or
Equivalent
X-ray
/Gamm-ray
or Equivalent
(Iridium 192)
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Film
ray
192)
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(Iridium Equivalent
CS materials Gamma-ray
<8
other
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AGFA D4 or Gamma-ray
(Iridium 192)
100% RT
5.2.2
AGFA
D4/D2
or
Equivalent
It shall be ensured that the required sensitivity is achieved using the above films.
If the required sensitivity is not achieved consistently, fine grain films (high
contrast), shall be used. (Slow speed films)
5.2.3
6.0
TECHNIQUE
Any one of the following technique shall be used depend upon size, geometry &
accessibility. In general, attempt shall be made to do single wall technique.
6.1
SINGLE WALL
6.1.1
6.1.2
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6.2
6.2.1
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DOUBLE WALL
Double wall single image
This technique is used where single wall technique is not practical. A minimum
three exposures by placing source at 120 deg. Interval at outer surface, close to
the weld. SFD is approximately equal to the diameter of the pipe. Two IQIs shall
be placed on the film side, on both ends of the film, wherever possible.
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
Superimposed
As an alternative, the weld may be radiographed with radiation beam positioned
so that the images of both walls are superimposed. When complete coverage is
required, a minimum of three exposures at 120 deg. apart shall be made for each
joint.
7.0
IQI
7.1
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IQI shall be placed on source side. Where accessibility prevents hand placing IQI
on source side, it shall be placed on film side with lead letter F on the IQI or
adjacent to it. However, IQI identification shall not mask the area of interest
including HAZ.
7.3
PROCEDURE DEMONSTRATION:
Demonstration of the density and IQI image requirement shall be considered
satisfactory evidence of compliance with this procedure.
During establishing radiographic procedure, source side pentameters to be used.
7.4
NUMBER OF IQI
7.4.1
7.4.2
LOCATION MARKER:
Lead letters shall be used as location marker. Location marker shall appear as
radiography image and shall not be at the area interest. Location marker shall be
kept on the job itself. Placement of location marker (film/source side) shall be as
per Article II of ASME Sec.V.
9.0
GEOMETRIC UNSHARPNESS(Ug):
9.1
The source to film distance shall be maintained in such a manner that the
geometric un sharpness does not exceed the specified limits. Geometric
Unsharpness (Ug) is determined by the formula Ug=Fd/D where.
F: Source size in mm (Maximum projected dimension of radiation source or
Diagonal distance for rectangular shape)
D: Distance in mm from source to weld or object to be radiographed (source side
surface)
d: Distance in mm from source side of the weld or object being radiographed to
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11.0
EXPOSURE:
The required exposure time shall be calculated from exposure chart or slide rules.
Exposure calculations may also be used if charts and rules are not available
12.0
DENSITY:
For X-ray, Radiography density permissible range would be 1.8 to 4.0 H & D.
For Gamma ray, Radiography density permissible range would be 2.0 to 4.0 H&D
The density variation over the area of interest shall be with minus 15% or plus
30% of the density measured near the required wire or over the STEP HOLE type
IQI. If the shim is used under the IQI density variation may exceed more than
30%
13.0
DARK ROOM
13.1
shall be located at an environment free from, dust, fume, excessive heat and
radiation. Safe lights be checked to prevent fogging of films.
13.2
FILM PROCESSING :
Film processing shall be done in air conditioned dark room.
Manual film processing shall be carried out as per the guide lines of SE-94, Film
processing chemicals shall be procured from reputed manufacturer and shall not
be used after expiry date. The solutions shall be prepared as per Manufactures
recommendation. The film shall be developed at 20 C and in accordance with the
Manufactures recommendation.
15.0
QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHS:
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The films submitted for evaluation shall be free from blemishes to the extent that
they do not mask with image of any discontinuity in the area of interest of the
subject being radiographed. Such blemishes include, but are not limited to:
16.0
i.
Fogging
ii.
iii.
iv.
17.0
ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA:
Acceptance criteria shall be s per ASME B.31.3 Table 341.3.2 and applicable
specifications.
18.0
DOCUMENTS:
Reports shall be maintained in Formats No. LT/MSQ/PIPE/RGM/013 &
LT/MSQ/PIPE/RGI/014 and copy shall be forwarded to PMC on daily basis.
All documents required by statutory bodies are to be maintained and kept at site.
19.0
19.1
SAFETY:
Precautions shall be taken as per HSE requirement of the Project as well BARC
requirements
19.2
Radiography source shall be stored in a pit in an exclusive storage room with lock
and key arrangement. This pit shall be approved by BARC. Source transfer
certificate, Pit room approval certificate form BARC shall be furnished to PMC.
19.3
19.3.1
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19.3.2
19.3.3
19.3.4
19.5
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