Overview of The Antenna System

Overview of the Antenna System
Issue
02
Date
2008-12-04
Part Number
00485958
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2008. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
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and other Huawei trademarks are the property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but the statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................1
1 Structure and Functions of the Antenna System.................................................................1-1
2 Introduction to the Equipment in the Antenna System.....................................................2-1
2.1 Antenna...........................................................................................................................................................2-3
2.2 Feeders and Jumpers.......................................................................................................................................2-4
2.3 RCU.................................................................................................................................................................2-5
2.4 BT....................................................................................................................................................................2-6
2.5 SBT..................................................................................................................................................................2-6
2.6 TMA................................................................................................................................................................2-7
2.7 STMA..............................................................................................................................................................2-8
2.8 SASA...............................................................................................................................................................2-9
2.9 SASU.............................................................................................................................................................2-10
2.10 Combiner.....................................................................................................................................................2-11
2.11 Divider.........................................................................................................................................................2-12
2.12 AISG Control Cable....................................................................................................................................2-12
3 Antenna System of the Macro Base Station..........................................................................3-1

4 Antenna System of the RRU....................................................................................................4-1
5 Sharing the Antenna System...................................................................................................5-1
5.1 Sharing Antennas and Using Independent Feeders.........................................................................................5-2
5.2 Sharing Feeders and Using Independent Antennas.........................................................................................5-3
5.3 Sharing Antennas and Feeders........................................................................................................................5-4
6 Installation of the Antenna System........................................................................................6-1

6.1 Installing the Antenna System on the Tower..................................................................................................6-2
6.2 Installing the Antenna System on the Support on the Roof............................................................................6-3
Index.................................................................................................................................................i-1
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Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Structure of the Antenna System........................................................................................................1-2
Figure 2-1 Appearance of the antenna..................................................................................................................2-3
Figure 2-2 Antenna tilt.........................................................................................................................................2-4
Figure 2-3 Appearance of feeders and jumpers....................................................................................................2-5
Figure 2-4 Appearance of the RCU......................................................................................................................2-5
Figure 2-5 Appearance of the BT.........................................................................................................................2-6
Figure 2-6 Appearance of the SBT.......................................................................................................................2-7
Figure 2-7 Appearance of the dual-TMA.............................................................................................................2-8
Figure 2-8 Appearance of the STMA...................................................................................................................2-9
Figure 2-9 Appearance of the SASA..................................................................................................................2-10
Figure 2-10 Appearance of the SASU900..........................................................................................................2-11
Figure 2-11 Appearance of the combiner...........................................................................................................2-12
Figure 2-12 Appearance of the 1-for-3 divider..................................................................................................2-12
Figure 2-13 Appearance of the 0.5 m AISG control cable.................................................................................2-13
Figure 3-1 Non-electrical antenna system of the macro base station...................................................................3-2
Figure 3-2 Electrical antenna system of the macro base station..........................................................................3-3
Figure 4-1 Non-electrical antenna system of the RRU........................................................................................4-1
Figure 4-2 Electrical antenna system of the RRU................................................................................................4-2
Figure 5-1 3G base station and 2G base station sharing antennas and using independent feeders......................5-2
Figure 5-2 3G base station and 2G base station sharing feeders and using independent electrical antennas......5-4
Figure 5-3 3G base station and 2G base station sharing cascaded electrical antennas and feeders.....................5-5
Figure 6-1 Installing the antenna system on the tower.........................................................................................6-2
Figure 6-2 Installing the Antenna System on the Support on the Roof...............................................................6-3
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iii
Tables
Tables
Table 2-1 Categories of antennas.........................................................................................................................2-3
Issue 02 (2008-12-04)

About This Document
About This Document
Purpose
The antenna system consists of equipment between the main base station equipment and the
antenna (the antenna is included). It implements signal coverage and is an important part of the
mobile communication system. The performance of the antenna system is a critical factor in the
overall quality of the mobile communication system. This document describes the structure,
functions, and equipment of typical antenna systems.
Product Version
The following table lists the product version related to this document.
Product Name
Product Version
Antenna system
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
l
Network planning engineers
System engineers
Change History
For changes in the document, refer to Changes in the Overview of the Antenna System.
Organization
1 Structure and Functions of the Antenna System
This describes the structure and functions of the antenna system. The antenna system consists
of antennas, feeders, jumpers, BTs, SBTs, TMAs, STMAs, SASAs, SASUs, combiners, splitters,
and AISG control cables.
2 Introduction to the Equipment in the Antenna System
The equipment in the antenna system includes antennas, feeders, jumpers, BTs, SBTs, TMAs,
STMAs, SASAs, SASUs, combiners, splitters, and AISG control cables.
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About This Document
3 Antenna System of the Macro Base Station

This describes the typical structure of the antenna system of the macro base station. The macro
base station features large capacity, large volume, and large power. It is one of the major
equipment that provides wireless network coverage and is widely used in various environment,
such as in urban areas, suburb areas, and villages and along roads.
4 Antenna System of the RRU
This describes the typical structure of the antenna system of the distributed base station that is
also called the Remote Radio Unit (RRU). The RRU is compact, lightweight, and easy for
installation. It enables fast and economical deployment of the wireless network in the area where
the equipment room is unavailable or the location of the equipment room is not ideal.
5 Sharing the Antenna System
This describes the sharing of the antenna system where antennas or feeders are shared. Only one
suit of antenna system is shared in the same target coverage area. Therefore, the configuration
is cost-effective, environmental protective, and high-efficient in site deployment. There are three
typical configurations of the shared antenna system: sharing antennas and using independent
feeders, using independent antennas and sharing feeders, and sharing antennas and feeders.
6 Installation of the Antenna System
This describes two typical methods of installing the antenna system.
Conventions
1. Symbol Conventions
The following symbols may be found in this document. They are defined as follows
Symbol
Description
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk that, if not avoided,

will result in death or serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which, if
not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided,
could cause equipment damage, data loss, and performance
degradation, or unexpected results.
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save your
time.
TIP
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement

important points of the main text.
NOTE
2. General Conventions

Issue 02 (2008-12-04)
About This Document
Convention
Description
Times New Roman
Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface
Names of files,directories,folders,and users are in boldface. For

example,log in as user root .
Italic
Book titles are in italics.
Courier New
Terminal display is in Courier New.
3. Command Conventions
Convention
Description
Boldface
The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic
Command arguments are in italic.
[]
Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are optional.
{x | y | ...}
Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical

bars.One is selected.
[ x | y | ... ]
Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and

separated by vertical bars.One or none is selected.
{ x | y | ... } *

bars.A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ] *

bars.A minimum of zero or a maximum of all can be selected.
4. GUI Conventions
Convention
Description
Boldface
Buttons,menus,parameters,tabs,window,and dialog titles are in

boldface. For example,click OK.
>
Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs.

For example,choose File > Create > Folder .
5. Keyboard Operation
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Convention
Description
Key
Press the key.For example,press Enter and press Tab.
Key1+Key2
Press the keys concurrently.For example,pressing Ctrl+Alt+A

means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.

About This Document
Convention
Description
Key1,Key2
Press the keys in turn.For example,pressing Alt,A means the two

keys should be pressed in turn.
6. Mouse Operation
Action
Description
Click
Select and release the primary mouse button without moving the
pointer.
Double-click
Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quickly

without moving the pointer.
Drag
Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointer
to a certain position.

Issue 02 (2008-12-04)
Structure and Functions of the Antenna

System
This describes the structure and functions of the antenna system. The antenna system consists
of antennas, feeders, jumpers, BTs, SBTs, TMAs, STMAs, SASAs, SASUs, combiners, splitters,
and AISG control cables.
Structure of the Antenna System

Figure 1-1 shows the structure of the antenna system.
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1-1
Figure 1-1 Structure of the Antenna System
(1) Lightning rod
(2) Directional antenna (3) Jumper (4) Feeder grounding

clip
(5) Feeder fixing clip
(6) Outdoor grounding

bar
(7) Feeder window
(10) Safety guards on

the tower platform
(8) Feeder (9) Outdoor cabling

frame
Functions of the Antenna System
1-2
The antenna receives UL signals from user equipment and transmits DL signals outputted
by the base station. The electrical antenna is remote controllable, that is, its tilt angel can
be remotely controlled.
The antenna system also provides the lightning protection function (lightning induction)
for the base station. The lightning rod leads huge lightning electricity to the ground.
Therefore, it dramatically decreases the lightning electricity flow to the base station.

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Introduction to the Equipment in the

Antenna System
About This Chapter

The equipment in the antenna system includes antennas, feeders, jumpers, BTs, SBTs, TMAs,
STMAs, SASAs, SASUs, combiners, splitters, and AISG control cables.
2.1 Antenna
The antenna transmits and receives radio waves. The radio transmitter outputs RF signals and
transmits these RF signals through feeders to antennas. Antennas then radiate these signals in
electromagnetic waves. After these electromagnetic waves reach the destination, they are
received by antennas and transmitted through feeders to the radio receiver.
2.2 Feeders and Jumpers
The feeder and jumper connect the antenna and base station equipment. They effectively (with
the least signal loss) transmit the signals received from the antenna to the input terminal of the
receiver or transmit the signals sent from the transmitter to the input terminal of the antenna for
transmitting.
2.3 RCU
The Remote Control Unit (RCU) is the motor drive of the phase shifter inside the electrical
antenna. It receives and runs the control commands from the base station and drives the stepper
motor. The stepper motor drives the phase shifter inside the antenna device, and the phase shifter
adjusts the antenna tilt. Interface RS485 functions as the control interface of the RCU.
2.4 BT
The Bias Tee (BT) is the passive component that couples RF signals or OOK signals with feeder
signals. The BT is installed on the base station side.
2.5 SBT
The Smart Bias-Tee (SBT) provides DC power supply and control commands through the feeder
for the RCU. The SBT is installed on the RET antenna side.
2.6 TMA
A Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) is a low-noise amplifier module that is installed on the
tower. It amplifies the weak signals received from the antenna to increase the receiver sensitivity
of the base station system, enlarge the UL coverage area, and effectively reduce the transmit
power of user equipment (UE).
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2-1
2.7 STMA
The Smart Tower Mounted Amplifier (STMA) is a TMA that provides the AISG interface
function.
2.8 SASA
The Same-Band Antenna Sharing Adapter (SASA) can be used in the GSM system for
combining the transmit carriers of original two antennas into those of one antenna without
affecting the performance of the GSM network. The SASA is the important component for the
solution of 2G/3G intra-frequency and antenna-and-feeder-system sharing.
2.9 SASU
The Same-band Antenna Sharing Unit (SASU) can be used for combining two paths of intrafrequency signals of different systems into one path of signals. In addition, the SASU features
low insertion loss.
2.10 Combiner
The combiner combines multiple paths of signals into one path of signals.
2.11 Divider
The divider is used for dividing the RF signals of the base station, control signals of the electrical
antenna, and DC signals into signals over multiple paths, and then transfers these signals to the
corresponding antenna and feeder equipment of sectors.
2.12 AISG Control Cable
The Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) control line is used as the signal cable between
the RCU and the SBT (or STMA). There are three kinds of the AISG control cables, lengths of
which are 0.5 m, 2 m, and 15 m respectively.
2-2

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2.1 Antenna
The antenna transmits and receives radio waves. The radio transmitter outputs RF signals and
transmits these RF signals through feeders to antennas. Antennas then radiate these signals in
electromagnetic waves. After these electromagnetic waves reach the destination, they are
received by antennas and transmitted through feeders to the radio receiver.
Categories of Antennas
Table 2-1 shows different categories of antennas.
Table 2-1 Categories of antennas
Criteria
Antenna Type
By radiation direction
Omni-directional antenna and directional antenna
By polarization direction
Single-polarized and dual-polarized antenna
By number of operating bands
Single frequency antenna, dualband antenna, and

multiband antenna
By tilt angle control mode
Electrical antenna of the fixed and tilt, electrical antennas

of the manual adjustable tilt, and electrical antennas of the
remote controllable tilt
Appearance of the Antenna

Figure 2-1 shows the appearance of the antenna.
Figure 2-1 Appearance of the antenna
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2-3
Antenna Tilt
During the network coverage optimization, the antenna elevation requires frequent adjustments.
As a result, the tilt of the beams of the base station needs to be controlled according to the network
requirements. Figure 2-2 shows the antenna tilt.
Figure 2-2 Antenna tilt
At present, there are mainly two methods of tilting the antenna:

l
Mechanical tilting: tilt the antenna by adjusting the rear support of the antenna.
Electrical tilting: control the antenna tilt by controlling the amplitude and phase of the
internal RF unit to tilt the beam.
The electrical tilting can be classified into the following three types:
l
Fixed Electrical Tilt (FET): the tilt of the antenna beam is controlled by the amplitude and
phase of the internal RF unit during the antenna design.
Manual Electrical Tilt (MET): the manual control of the tilt of the antenna beam is
implemented by the rotating handset at the bottom of the antenna or the movement of the
manual controlled phase shifter.
Remote Electrical Tilt (RET): the remote and electrical control of the tilt is implemented
by the movement of the precise phase shifter engineered by the external or internal micro
servo system.
Antenna Azimuth
The antenna azimuth is the angle between the axes of the antenna paraboloid and the north pole.
A precise azimuth ensures that the actual coverage effect meets the expectation and ensures the
quality of the overall network operation. The azimuth can be adjusted according to the traffic or
network planning changes to realize the optimization of the existing mobile communication
network. The compass is used during the adjustment of the antenna azimuth. Rotate the antenna
gently to adjust the antenna azimuth to meet the design specifications.
2.2 Feeders and Jumpers

The feeder and jumper connect the antenna and base station equipment. They effectively (with
the least signal loss) transmit the signals received from the antenna to the input terminal of the
receiver or transmit the signals sent from the transmitter to the input terminal of the antenna for
transmitting.
2-4

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Specifications of Feeders and Jumpers

l
The feeder is used for long distance cabling because of its high hardness and little signal
loss.
There are two specifications of feeders: 7/8" and 5/4". The feeder is selected according to
the distance between the antenna and the base station.
The jumper is used for short-distance connection because of its softness and comparably
large signal loss. Usually, the length of the jumper is fixed and the 1/2" jumper is used.
Appearance of Feeders and Jumpers

Figure 2-3shows the appearance of feeders and jumpers.
Figure 2-3 Appearance of feeders and jumpers
2.3 RCU
The Remote Control Unit (RCU) is the motor drive of the phase shifter inside the electrical
antenna. It receives and runs the control commands from the base station and drives the stepper
motor. The stepper motor drives the phase shifter inside the antenna device, and the phase shifter
adjusts the antenna tilt. Interface RS485 functions as the control interface of the RCU.
Appearance of the RCU

Figure 2-4 shows the appearance of the RCU.
Figure 2-4 Appearance of the RCU
(1) Nut: used to connect the antenna interface.

(2) Female AISG connector (8-core interface): used for cascading electrical antennas.
(3) Male AISG connector (8-core interface): used for connecting the signal cable of the electrical antenna.
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2-5
CAUTION
l
Use electrical antennas and RCUs of the same vendors because electrical antennas and
RCUs of different vendors are incompatible.
2.4 BT
The Bias Tee (BT) is the passive component that couples RF signals or OOK signals with feeder
signals. The BT is installed on the base station side.
Appearance of the BT
Figure 2-5 shows the appearance of the BT.
Figure 2-5 Appearance of the BT
(1) SMA connector
(2) 7/16 DIN-type male connector
(3) Grounding terminal
(4) 7/16 DIN-type female connector
2.5 SBT
The Smart Bias-Tee (SBT) provides DC power supply and control commands through the feeder
for the RCU. The SBT is installed on the RET antenna side.
Functions of the SBT

The SBT provides the following functions:
l
The SBT converts the control commands that are modulated with OOK by the feeder into
the RS485 signals and transfers the signals to the RCU.
The SBT converts the RS485 signals from the RCU into OOK signals and transfers the
signals to the feeder.
The SBT divides and sends the RF signals and control signals from the feeder to the antenna
and the RCU.
The SBT transmits the direct current from the feeder to the RCU.
Appearance of the SBT

Figure 2-6 shows the appearance of the SBT.
2-6

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Figure 2-6 Appearance of the SBT
(1) 7/16 DIN-type female connector, which connects to the jumper
(2) Female AISG connector
(3) 7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the antenna
2.6 TMA
A Tower Mounted Amplifier (TMA) is a low-noise amplifier module that is installed on the
tower. It amplifies the weak signals received from the antenna to increase the receiver sensitivity
of the base station system, enlarge the UL coverage area, and effectively reduce the transmit
power of user equipment (UE).
Categories of TMAs
TMAs can be categorized into single-TMAs and dual-TMAs. Functionally, a dual-TMA equals
to two single-TMAs. Physically, it consists of two single TMAs.
l
Single-TMA: used for base stations that use omni-directional antennas or single-polarized
antennas.
Dual-TMA: used for base stations that use dual-polarized antennas.
Appearance of the TMA

Figure 2-7 shows the appearance of the dual-TMA.
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2-7
Figure 2-7 Appearance of the dual-TMA
(1) 7/16 DIN-type female connector,

which connects to the jumper on the
antenna side
(2) 7/16 DIN-type female connector,

which connects to the feeder on the base
station side
NOTE
Connect interface ANT 0 to interface NodeB 0 and connect interface ANT 1 to interface NodeB 1. Do not
cross connect feeders.
2.7 STMA
The Smart Tower Mounted Amplifier (STMA) is a TMA that provides the AISG interface
function.
Functions of the STMA

The STMA provides the following functions:
l
The STMA converts the OOK signals from the feeder into RS485 signals and outputs the
signals to the RCU.
The STMA converts the RS485 signals from the RCU into OOK signals and outputs the
signals to the feeder.
The STMA transfers the DC power from the feeder to the RCU.
Appearance of the STMA

Figure 2-8 shows the appearance of the STMA.
2-8

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Figure 2-8 Appearance of the STMA
(1) ANT 0 (7/16 DIN-type female connector, which

connects to the jumper on the antenna side)
(2) ANT 1 (7/16 DIN-type female connector, which

connects to the jumper on the antenna side)
(3) NodeB 0 (7/16 DIN-type female connector, which (4) ANT 0 (7/16 DIN-type female connector, which
connects to the feeder on the base station side)
connects to the feeder on the base station side)
(5) Female AISG connector (8-core interface, used for (6) Grounding terminal
connecting the AISG control cable)
NOTE
Connect interface ANT 0 to interface NodeB 0 and connect interface ANT 1 to interface NodeB 1. Do not
cross connect feeders.
2.8 SASA
The Same-Band Antenna Sharing Adapter (SASA) can be used in the GSM system for
combining the transmit carriers of original two antennas into those of one antenna without
affecting the performance of the GSM network. The SASA is the important component for the
solution of 2G/3G intra-frequency and antenna-and-feeder-system sharing.
Appearance of the SASA

Figure 2-9 shows the appearance of the SASA.
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2-9
Figure 2-9 Appearance of the SASA
(1) ANT-M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the SASU BS_M port)
(2) ANT-D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the SASU BS_D port)
(3) GSM-M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the main receiving port of the
GSM base station)
(4) GSM-D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the diversity receiving port of
the GSM base station)
2.9 SASU
The Same-band Antenna Sharing Unit (SASU) can be used for combining two paths of intrafrequency signals of different systems into one path of signals. In addition, the SASU features
low insertion loss.
Appearance of the SASU

Figure 2-10 shows the appearance of the SASU.
2-10

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Figure 2-10 Appearance of the SASU900
(1) BS_D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the diversity receiving port on the GSM base
station side)
(2) BS_M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the main receiving port on the GSM base station
side)
(3) ANT_D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the main receiving port on the
antenna side)
(4) ANT_M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the jumper on the diversity receiving port on
the antenna side)
(5) AISG_F (female AISG connector, which connects to the RCU of the electrical antenna)
(6) UMTS_D (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the diversity receiving port on the UMTS
base station side)
(7) UMTS_M (7/16 DIN-type male connector, which connects to the main receiving port on the UMTS base
station side)
2.10 Combiner
The combiner combines multiple paths of signals into one path of signals.
Categories of Combiners
Combiners can be categorized into intra-frequency combiners and inter-frequency combiners.
l
Intra-frequency combiner: combines multiple paths of single-frequency signals into one

path of single-frequency signals.
Inter-frequency combiners: combines multiple paths of multi-frequency signals into one

path of multi-frequency signals.
Appearance of the Combiner

Figure 2-11 shows the appearance of the combiner.
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2-11
Figure 2-11 Appearance of the combiner
(1) Input port, 7/16 DIN-type female connector
(2) Output port, 7/16 DIN-type female connector
2.11 Divider
The divider is used for dividing the RF signals of the base station, control signals of the electrical
antenna, and DC signals into signals over multiple paths, and then transfers these signals to the
corresponding antenna and feeder equipment of sectors.
Categories of Dividers
Dividers can be categorized into 1-for-2, 1-for-3, and 1-for-4 dividers. The connector type and
power of the divider vary according to the type of divider.
Appearance of the Divider

Figure 2-12 shows the appearance of the 1-for-3 divider.
Figure 2-12 Appearance of the 1-for-3 divider
(1) Input port, 7/16 DIN-type female connector

(2) Output port, 7/16 DIN-type female connector
2.12 AISG Control Cable

The Antenna Interface Standards Group (AISG) control line is used as the signal cable between
the RCU and the SBT (or STMA). There are three kinds of the AISG control cables, lengths of
which are 0.5 m, 2 m, and 15 m respectively.
The AISG control cable connects the RCU and the SBT (or the STMA) through following two
types of connectors respectively:
2-12

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8-core male AISG connector
8-core female AISG connector
Appearance of the AISG Control Cable (0.5 M)

Figure 2-13 shows the appearance of the 0.5 m AISG control cable.
Figure 2-13 Appearance of the 0.5 m AISG control cable
(1) 8-core male AISG connector, connecting the SBT (2) 8-core female AISG connector, connecting the RCU
(or the STMA)
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2-13
Antenna System of the Macro Base Station

This describes the typical structure of the antenna system of the macro base station. The macro
base station features large capacity, large volume, and large power. It is one of the major
equipment that provides wireless network coverage and is widely used in various environment,
such as in urban areas, suburb areas, and villages and along roads.
Typical Non-Electrical Antenna System of the Macro Base Station

Figure 3-1 shows the typical non-electrical antenna system of the macro base station.
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3-1
Figure 3-1 Non-electrical antenna system of the macro base station
Typical Electrical Antenna System of the Macro Base Station

Figure 3-2 shows the typical electrical antenna system of the macro base station.
3-2

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Figure 3-2 Electrical antenna system of the macro base station
The electrical antenna control can be implemented on the OMC or LMT connected to the BTS
through control commands. The base station modulates these commands to OOK signals and
outputs the OOK signals together with DC current signals to the BT. The BT couples these
signals with signals of feeder 1.
After the OOK signals and DC current signals enter the SBT, the DC current signals are directly
transferred to the RCU through the control cable between the SBT and the RCU, and OOK
signals are modulated by the SBT, converted into RS485 signals, and then output to the RCU.
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3-3
Antenna System of the RRU
This describes the typical structure of the antenna system of the distributed base station that is
also called the Remote Radio Unit (RRU). The RRU is compact, lightweight, and easy for
installation. It enables fast and economical deployment of the wireless network in the area where
the equipment room is unavailable or the location of the equipment room is not ideal.
Typical Non-Electrical Antenna System of the RRU

Figure 4-1 shows the typical non-electrical antenna system of the RRU.
Figure 4-1 Non-electrical antenna system of the RRU
Typical Electrical Antenna System of the RRU

Figure 4-2 shows the typical electrical antenna system of the RRU.
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4-1
Figure 4-2 Electrical antenna system of the RRU
4-2

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Sharing the Antenna System
About This Chapter

This describes the sharing of the antenna system where antennas or feeders are shared. Only one
suit of antenna system is shared in the same target coverage area. Therefore, the configuration
is cost-effective, environmental protective, and high-efficient in site deployment. There are three
typical configurations of the shared antenna system: sharing antennas and using independent
feeders, using independent antennas and sharing feeders, and sharing antennas and feeders.
5.1 Sharing Antennas and Using Independent Feeders
The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing antennas and using
independent feeders.
5.2 Sharing Feeders and Using Independent Antennas
The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing feeders and using
independent antennas. The components of the antenna system vary according to the type of the
3G base station.
5.3 Sharing Antennas and Feeders
The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing antennas and
feeders.
Issue 02 (2008-12-04)

5-1
5.1 Sharing Antennas and Using Independent Feeders

The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing antennas and using
independent feeders.
Suppose that the 3G base station RRU and 2G base station BTS share the antenna system by
sharing electrical antennas and using independent feeders. Figure 5-1 shows the configuration
of the antenna system.
Figure 5-1 3G base station and 2G base station sharing antennas and using independent feeders
More information about the configuration:
5-2
Generally, the RRU is installed close to the antenna. For example, both the RRU and the
antenna are installed on the roof.
Generally, the RRU is connected through the 1/2" jumper to the antenna. In other cases,
the RRU is connected through the 5/4" feeder and 1/2" jumper or through the 7/8" feeder
and 1/2" jumper to the antenna.
The RRU is connected through the AISG control cable to the RCU.

Issue 02 (2008-12-04)
5.2 Sharing Feeders and Using Independent Antennas

The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing feeders and using
independent antennas. The components of the antenna system vary according to the type of the
3G base station.
sharing feeders and using independent electrical antennas. Figure 5-2 shows the configuration
of the antenna system.
Issue 02 (2008-12-04)

5-3
Figure 5-2 3G base station and 2G base station sharing feeders and using independent electrical
antennas
NOTE
The BT and SBT must be located on the same feeder. The AISG interface of the SBT is connected
through the AISG control cable to the RCU.
5.3 Sharing Antennas and Feeders

The 3G base station and 2G base station share the antenna system by sharing antennas and
feeders.
5-4

Issue 02 (2008-12-04)
sharing cascaded electrical antennas and feeders. Figure 5-3 shows the configuration of the
antenna system.
Figure 5-3 3G base station and 2G base station sharing cascaded electrical antennas and feeders
NOTE
Issue 02 (2008-12-04)
The BT and the SBT must be located on the same feeder. The AISG interface of the SBT is connected
through the AISG control cable to the RCU.

5-5
Installation of the Antenna System
About This Chapter

This describes two typical methods of installing the antenna system.
6.1 Installing the Antenna System on the Tower
This describes how to install the antenna system on the tower.
6.2 Installing the Antenna System on the Support on the Roof
This describes how to install the antenna system on the support on the roof.
Issue 02 (2008-12-04)

6-1
6.1 Installing the Antenna System on the Tower

This describes how to install the antenna system on the tower.
Figure 6-1 shows the installation of the antenna system on the tower.
Figure 6-1 Installing the antenna system on the tower
6-2
(1) Lightning rod
(2) Directional antenna (3) Jumper (4) Feeder grounding

clip
(6) Outdoor grounding

bar
(7) Feeder window
(10) Safety guards on

the tower platform
(8) Feeder (9) Outdoor cabling

frame

Issue 02 (2008-12-04)
6.2 Installing the Antenna System on the Support on the

Roof
This describes how to install the antenna system on the support on the roof.
Figure 6-2 shows the installation of the antenna system on the support on the roof.
Figure 6-2 Installing the Antenna System on the Support on the Roof
(1) Lightning rod
(2) Directional antenna (3) Cabling rack (4) Feeder window (5) Outdoor grounding
bar
(6) Feeder grounding

clip
Issue 02 (2008-12-04)
(8) Feeder
(9) Jumper

6-3

Overview of The Antenna System

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