Exercises #1 (Ch#3, p.

78)
Review Questions
3.2 Answer. tensile, compressive, and shear.
3.9 Answer. When the material is perfectly plastic and does not strain harden.
Flow curve equation K n , in this case n = 0, then
deform

K Y easy to

3.15 Answer. Hardness is defined as the resistance to indentation of a material. It is

tested by pressing a hard object (sphere, diamond point) into the test material
and measuring the size (depth, area) of the indentation.

3.17 Answer. The recrystallization temperature is the temperature (about one half of
its melting point) at which a metal recrystallizes (forms new grains) rather than
work hardens when deformed.

Review Questions
3.1

Solution:
(a) Y = 48,000/100 = 480 MPa
(b) s = E e. Subtracting the 0.2% offset, e = (50.23 - 50.0)/50.0 - 0.002 = 0.0026
E = s/e = 480/0.0026 = 184.6 x 103 MPa
(c) TS = 87,000/100 = 870 MPa
(d) EL = (67.3 - 50)/50 = 17.3/50 = 0.346 = 34.6%
(e) AR = (100 - 53)/200 = 0.47 = 47%

3.4

Solution:
Two equations: (1) 245 = K(0.11)n and (2) 340 = K(0.31)n
340/245 = (0.31/0.11)n
n ln(2.8182) = ln(1.3333)

1.3878 = (2.8182)n
1.0361 n = 0.3277

n = 0.316

Substituting this value with the data back into the flow curve equation, we
obtain the value of the strength coefficient K:
(1) K = 245/(0.11).316 = 492.1 MPa
1

Check: (2) K = 340/(0.31).316 = 492.3 MPa

3.6

Solution:
(a) Yf = 500(1.0).25 = 500 MPa
(b) = (500/500)1/.25 = (1.0)4.0 = 1.00

3.9

Solution:
Tensile strength occurs at maximum value of load, and necking begins
immediately thereafter. At necking, = n, and true stress = 500(0.30)0.30 =
348.4 MPa.
Given that n = 0.30 and = n, then = 0.30 at this value of true stress.
From Eq. (3.7), = 0.30 = ln(Lf/Lo), then Lf/Lo = exp(0.30) = 1.3499
Tensile strength TS is an engineering stress defined by Eq. (3.2): e = (Lf-Lo)/Lo =
Lf/Lo-1
Thus, e = 1.3499 1 = 0.3499
From Eq. (3.9), = s(1 + e). Rearranging, s = /(1+e) = 348.4/(1+0.3499) = 258.1
MPa
Therefore, TS = 258.1 MPa

3.14

Solution:
For h = 60 mm, = ln(75/60) = ln(1.25) = 0.223
Yf = 1200(0.223).40 = 658.6 MPa
Starting volume V = 75(1000) = 75,000 mm3
At h = 60 mm, A = V/L = 75,000/60 = 1250 mm2
F = YfA = 658.6 (1250) = 823,250 N

3.17 Solution:
(a) = T/(2R2t) = (900 x 1000)/(2(25)2(3)) = 76.39 MPa
(b) = R/L, = 0.3(2/360) = 0.005236 radians
= 25(0.005236)/50 = 0.002618
(c) = G, G = / = 76.39/0.002618 = 29,179 MPa
(d) S = (1200(103))/(2(25)2(3)) = 101.86 MPa.