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Brief Introduction For Power Swing Detection Methods & Testing
Brief Introduction For Power Swing Detection Methods & Testing
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Basic definitions:
Power Swing: A variation in three phase power flow which occurs when
the generator rotor angles are advancing or retarding relative to each other
in response to changes in load magnitude and direction, line switching,
loss of generation, faults, and other system disturbances.
Pole Slip: A condition whereby a generator, or group of generators,
terminal voltage angles (or phases) go past 180 degrees with respect to
the rest of the connected power system.
Stable Power Swing: A power swing is considered stable if the generators
do not slip poles and the system reaches a new state of equilibrium, i.e. an
acceptable operating condition.
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E2
ZL
ZS1
ZS2
UB
UA
L ZS1
L ZS2
L ZL
E2 = E'2
E1
UA
UB
U'B
U'A
E'1
'
'L
Pmax = {(E1*E2)/X}*SIN(theta)
If the Load angle becomes too large, the system stability can be lost
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Figure:-1
Power diagram:
Power Diagram
300
Pmax = {(E1*E2)/X}*SIN(theta)
250
Power
200
Critical Angle
150
Stability region
100
Stability limit
50
0
0
50
100
150
200
Angle in Degree
Rotor Angle
If the Load angle becomes too large, the system stability can be lost
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Figure:-1A
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Swing Locus
Stable Swing
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Figure:-3
Un stable Swing
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Figure:-4
Load
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Figure:-5
Load
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Figure:-6
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Set X reach
X
ZS1
Dz2/Dt2
Dz4/Dt4
ZL
2
Dz1/Dt1
1
Dz3/Dt3
0
0
ZS1
Zload
Set R reach
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Figure:-7
Angle = 45o
Load Angle = 120o or 90o
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Figure:-8
E1 > E2
ZS2
E1 = E2
ZL
'
A
ZLoad
E1 < E2
load point
R
ZS1
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Figure:-9
Load
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Figure:-10
Stable Swing
Z4(t4)
Z3(t3)
Z2(t2)
Z1(t1)
Unstable Swing
Zone 3 limit
Zout boundary
Timer unit count to starts travel time when Power swing locus crosses Zout boundary
Travel time (Delta T) more than set time, relay detect as a Power swing
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Figure:-11
Line Angle
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Figure:-12
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Figure:-13
Setting Parameters:
Stable Swing
Rset
Xset
Line Angle
Zpos(t)
Unstable Swing
-R
-X
Detect as Fault:
Zpos(t1) = 0 ms
Zpos(t2) < 40 ms
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Detect as Swing:
Zpos(t1) = 0 ms
Zpos(t2) > 40 ms
Figure:-14
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Xd / 2
1
2
XS
Counter Reset
Counter
-X
Offset mho
characteristic
Operating Region
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Figure:-15
Tripping Angle
X in Ohm
ZA
Warning Angle
-7
-5
-3
-1
-1
ZC
-3
ZB
-5
-7
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R in Ohm
Apparatus Maintenance
and Power Management
for Energy Delivery
Figure:-16
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OST-REGION
Un stable swing
Stable swing
RRR
Blinder-2
Blinder-1
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Figure:-17
Un stable swing
Stable swing
Blinder-2
Blinder-1
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Figure:-18
Blinder 1
XT+XS
Line Angle
Xd
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Figure:-19
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Blinder-2 Blinder-1
Blinder-1
Blinder-2
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Figure:-20
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Select Swing
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Source-1 parameters
Line parameters
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Source-2 parameters
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State Simulation
Z1
Z2
Travel Time
Z3
Phasor
State: 2
State: 3
State: 4
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PSB settings
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PSB Polygon
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Assign Trigger
Auxiliary DC
Run Test
Select Com Port
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module
REL521:
PSB settings:
Inner zone settings (Polygon char.):
RIN = 3.0 Ohms, XIN = 3.0 Ohms
Outer zone settings:
KR = 125%, KX = 125%
RIN = 3*1.25 = 3.75 Ohms
XIN = 3.*1.25 = 3.75 Ohms
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PSB settings
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Zin
Dz/Dt locus
Zout
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XT + Xs = 18%
G
Xd
Rotor Angle
Theta
90o
90o
Electrical Centre
Xd = 25%
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Xs
XT
Relay Details:
MAKE : GEC ALSTHOM
MODEL : ZTO 11
Relay Settings:
K1 = 1
K2 = 1
K3 = 8
R = K1*K2*k3 = 8 Ohms
Blinder 1 = 65 Degree
Blinder 2 = 65 Degree
Time = 55ms
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-R
Ope
rati
ng
Reg
ion
ZTO 11
65o
A
Blin
der
1
Blin
der
2
65o
-X
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65o
-R
A
Blin
der
1
Optional Scheme:
ZTO 11 + YTGM15
Blin
der
2
65o
-X
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Swing
Locus
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Swing
Locus
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Swing
Locus
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Swing
Locus
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