MicroStation3D Handout PDF

3DViewControl
ModuleOverview
Allthe2Dviewcontrols,suchasFitView,ZoomInandOut,WindowArea,and
Pan,canbeusedin3D.Asin2D,elementstotheleft,right,above,orbelowcan
beexcludedfromaviewbyzoominginorwindowingsothattheelementsare
outsidetheview'sarea.
Therearealsoanumberof3Dspecificviewingtools.3Dviewshavedepth.You
canexcludethedisplayofelementslocatedinfrontof,orbehind,anobjectby
applyingaClipVolumeorClipMask.
ItisagoodideatopracticeViewControltoolsfor5minutesatthestartofevery
3Dsession,beforedoinganyotherwork.
ModulePrerequisites
KnowledgeofMicroStation2Dviewcontrols
ModuleObjectives
Aftercompletingthismodule,youwillbeableto:
Sep-09
Use3Dviewcontroltoolstonavigatein3Dspace
5
Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated
3D View Control
Introductory Knowledge
IntroductoryKnowledge
Beforeyoubeginthismodule,let'sdefinewhatyoualreadyknow.
Questions
1
TrueorFalse:Youcanviewa3Ddesignfromanydirectionandevenmove
insideit.
DefineaMicroStationmodel.
In2Dmodels,youworkonadesignplane.Whatistheworkingareain3D?
Answers
1
True.
Eachmodelisanindependentgraphicalspace,withitsownoriginpoint,
unitsofmeasurementandcanbe2Dor3D.
In3Dmodels,the2Ddesignplanebecomesa3Dcube,knownasthe
designcube.
ViewRotation
Whenyouworkina2Dmodel,youcanrotatetheview.Visually,thisislike
rotatingthexyplaneaboutaperpendicular,orzaxis.Whenyouareworkingina
3Dmodel,youcanrotatetheviewaboutanyaxis(thex,y,orzaxis).Thevisual
effectonscreenislikerotatingthedesigncube.Youcanrotateanyviewtoa
standardrotationortoanyarbitraryvieworientation.
Whenyoudynamicallyrotateaview,youcanuseanyofthefollowingmethods.
Usingthemouse
Shiftkey+middlemousebuttontoRotateaboutCenter
Pressingtheleftmousebuttoncompletestherotation
Usingatool
3D View Control
ViewRotationtool
Sep-09
View Rotation
StandardViewRotation
RotateVIewiconandStandardVIewicons
Thesetoolsrequireadatapointtostartandaseconddatapointtocomplete
therotation.
TheRotateViewtool
AccesstoViewRotationisfoundintheviewcontroltoolboxatthetopofeach
viewwindow.Youcanalsousekeyboardmapping,pressing4+6+1toactivate
theRotateViewtool,orselectTools>ViewControltoopenafloatingtoolbox.
Useviewrotationtorotateamodeltoaccessafacethatwouldotherwisebe
behindanother.Thetoolsettingshavetwooptionsthatcontrolthemethodof
rotation.
Cuberotationrotatestheviewasfollows:
Movingthepointerupordownrotatestheviewaboutitsxaxis
Movingthepointerleftorright,whenPreserveWorldUpis:
Enabled:Rotatestheviewaboutthemodelszaxis
Disabled:Rotatestheviewaboutitsyaxis
Sep-09
3D View Control
View Rotation
Sphererotationrotatestheviewaboutacenterpoint.Adynamicsphere,and
associatedgraphics,helpyoudefinetherotation.Slidesettingsletyoucontrolthe
sizeandtransparencyofthesphereasfollows:
Small/Largeslidecontrol:Letsyoudefinethesizeofthespheregraphicinthe
view
Opaque/Clearslidecontrol:Letsyoudefinethetransparencyofthespherein
theview
Exercise:RotatingaviewusingtheCubeoption
1
SetthefollowingintheFileOpendialog:
User:examples
Project:General
OpenSolids.dgn.
OpentheBooleansmodel.
Hint:Youcanrightpress(rightclickandhold)onthegeometryintheIndex
modelandselectExchange.
3D View Control
Sep-09
View Rotation
SelecttheRotateViewtoolfromView1sviewcontroltoolbox,withthe
followingtoolsettings(clicktheShowExtendedSettingsarrowtoviewthe
settingsforRotation):
Method:Dynamic
Cuberotation
PreserveWorldUp:Disabled
Crosshairsappearinthecenteroftheview,denotingthecenterofthe
rotation.
EnteradatapointontherightsideofView1.
Thepointerchangesshapeandthecrosshairsbecomeasmallcrosshair.
Movethepointertorotatetheviewinteractively.
Notethatmovingthepointerverticallyrotatestheviewaboutits
horizontal(x)axis.Movinghorizontallyrotatestheviewaboutitsvertical
(y)axis.
Reset.
Thiscancelstherotationandreturnstheviewtoitsoriginalorientation.
SelecttheRotateViewviewcontrolwiththefollowingtoolsetting:
PreserveWorldUp:Enabled
Sep-09
EnteradatapointontherightsideofView1.
3D View Control
View Rotation
10 Movethepointertorotatetheviewinteractively.
Notethatmovingthepointerverticallyrotatestheviewaboutits
horizontal(x)axis.Movinghorizontallyrotatestheviewaboutthemodels
(z)axis.Thishasthevisualeffectofspinningthemodelaboutitsvertical
(z)axisnomatterwhattherotationoftheview.
11 Enteradatapointtocompletetherotation.
Exercise:RotatingaviewusingtheSphereoption
1
ContinuinginSolids.dgn,intheBooleansmodel,selectRotateViewwith
thefollowingtoolsetting:
Sphererotation
Crosshairsappearatthecenteroftheviewandashadedsphere
surroundsthem.
UsetheSmall/LargeandOpaque/Clearsliderstoadjustthesizeand
transparencyofthesphereasdesired.
Followingthestatusbarprompt,enteradatapointsomewherewithinthe
regionofthesphere.
Thecrosshairsarereplacedbyasmallcrosshair.
Movethepointertorotatetheviewaboutthecenterofthesphere.
Thearrowgraphicthatappearsonthespheregivesyouavisualindication
ofhowyouarerotatingtheview.
3D View Control
Enteradatapointtocompletetherotation.
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Sep-09
View Rotation
Rotatingtoastandardview
ThestandardvieworientationscanbeselectedfromtheRotateViewtoolsdrop
downmenuineachviewwindow.Youcanalsousekeyboardmappingkeyins,or
youcanopentheViewRotationtoolsasatoolbox.Rememberthatwhenyouuse
keyins,orusetheviewrotationtoolsfromthetoolbox,thetoolappliestothe
activeview.
Exercise:Rotatingtostandardviewsusingvariousviewcontroloptions
1
ContinuinginSolids.dgn,intheBooleansmodel,openViews2,3and4
andFitViewineach.
SelectWindow>Tile.
SelectRotateView(4+6+1),withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Method:Top
Followingthestatusbarprompt,enteradatapointinView1.
Youcancontinuetoenterdatapointsinotherviewstochangethemtoa
Toprotation.
ClickRotateViewtoopenthedropdownmenuandselectOpenas
ToolBox.
ClickthetitlebarofView3tomakeittheactiveview.
IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectRightView.
View3,theactiveview,isrotatedtoaRightview.
ClickinthetitlebarofView2tomakeittheactiveview.
IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectFrontView.
10 ClickthetitlebarofView4tomakeittheactiveview.
11 WithfocusatHome,press4+6+5torotateView4toIsometric.
Rotatingaviewusingthemouse
Themousewheelorbuttoncanbeusedforseveralviewcontrols.Asin2D,you
candoubleclickthewheeltoFitView.Singleclickthewheelforadynamicview
Pan.RollthewheeltoZoomInandOut.
YoucanrotatetheviewusingthemouseandthekeyinROTATEVIEWDRAG.
Sep-09
Exercise:Rotateviewaboutcenter
11
3D View Control
View Rotation
ContinuinginSolids.dgn,intheBooleansmodel,presstheShiftkey,press
themiddlemousebuttonandclickinView1.
Releasethebuttonsanddragthemouse.
Enteradatapointtocompleterotation,orresettoreturntotheprevious
rotation.
ClickViewPrevioustoreturntothepreviousrotation.
Thecrosshairsnowarelocatedattheleftverticaledgeofthegeometry.
Exercise:Rotateaboutanypoint
1
ContinuinginSolids.dgn,intheBooleansmodel,presstheAltkey,press
themiddlemousebutton,andclickinView2.
Asyoumovethepointertorotatetheview,notethatrotationnowis
aroundthedefinedpoint.
3D View Control
Movethepointerovertheplussignatthecenterofthespheretorelocate
thepointaboutwhichtorotate.
Movethespheretothelowerrightandnotethatyoucansnaptoobjects.
Enteradatapointtocompletethemoveoftherotationsphere.
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Sep-09
Fitting 3D Views
Followingthestatusbarprompt,beginrotation.
Enteradatapointtocompletetherotation.
ReturntheviewtoIsometric.
FitView.
SelectFile>Close.
YoucanrotatetheviewusingthemouseandthekeyinROTATEVIEWFROM
CURSOR.
Additional3Dmouseviewcontrolsare:
Shiftkey+rollisPanwithZoom
Ctrlkey+middlebuttonclickisRotateaboutpoint
Ctrlkey+rolliswalkforward/backward
Alt+rollisPanleftorright
Fitting3DViews
Inboth2Dand3Dmodels,theFitViewtoolletsyouselectwhetherthefitapplies
toelementsintheActivefile,References,Rasters,orAllfilesassociatedwiththe
view.
Sep-09
Whenyoufitaviewin2D,theareaoftheviewisalteredtodisplayall
elementslocatedonthelevelscurrentlyturnedon.
In3Dmodels,therearemorechoicesrelatingtotheclippingplanes.
AllDisplayalldisplayableelementsintheactivemodelfileandany
attachedreferences.
ActiveDisplayalldisplayableelementsintheactivemodelfile.
ReferenceDisplayalldisplayableelementsinattachedreferences,if
any.
RasterDisplayalldisplayableelementsinattachedrasterreferences,
ifany.
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3D View Control
Clip Volume
ClipVolume
Duringadesignsession,youmaywanttoworkonaparticularelementandrotate
ittoviewfromvariousangles.Whenyoudothiswithclippingplanesset,
however,partsmaydisappearorotherelementsappearinthedisplaydepth.
MicroStationsClipVolumetoolsletyouselectadiscretevolume,withinthe
designcube,fordisplay.
Thistoolishelpfulwhenyouhaveelementsonthesamelevelandyoudonot
wanttoseeallofthem.
Whenaclipvolumeisappliedtoaview,onlyelementsthatarelocatedwithinthe
clipvolumewilldisplay,orcanbesnappedto,inthatview.Eachviewmayhavea
differentclipvolumeapplied,sinceitisaViewAttribute.
Youcanuse2Dor3Delementstodefinethevolume.Whenyouusea2Dshape,
theclippingvolumeiscreatedbysweepingthe2Dshapethroughtheentire
model.Thesweepdirectionisperpendiculartotheplaneofthe2Delement.
MicroStationcreatesa2Dclippingshapeusingactiveattributes.
Whena3Delementisused,itdefinestheentireclipvolume.
BeforeClipVolume
3D View Control
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Sep-09
Clip Volume
AfterClipVolume
Operations,suchasviewrotation,fenceprocessing,hiddenlineremoval,and
rendering,honortheclipvolumes.Theyignoreanyelementsthatarenot
displayedwithinthedefinedvolumefortheview.
Clippingelementsmayconsistofanysolid,otherthanspheresorfeaturesolids.
Closedextrusion,cylinders,orclosedplanarelements(shapes,circles,ellipses,
complexshapes,groupedholes)canbeused.Ifaplanarelementischosen,oryou
usetheclippingelementsbypointsoptions,theclippingvolumeisgeneratedby
sweepingtheplanarelementthroughtheentiremodel.Planarelementsmaybe
selectedinanyview,becausethesweepdirectionisorthogonaltotheplaneof
theelement.Similarly,clipelementsthatyoudefinebypointsmaybedrawnin
anyview.AccuDrawcanbeusedtosetthecorrectorientationoftheclip
element.
TheClipVolumetoolisa3DViewControlandcanbefoundontheViewBorder.If
youclickandholdtheiconyouwillthereareothertoolshere:
Sep-09
ClipVolume
Show/HideActiveClipVolume
DeleteClipVolume
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3D View Control
Clip Volume
SetClipVolumeoptionsusingiconsinthetoolsettings.
ByElementappliesaclipvolumefromanexistingelement.
SectionClipTools
By2Pointsletsyouapplyaclipvolumebydefiningarectangularclipping
elementwith2datapoints
ByPolygonletsyouapplyaclipvolumebyinteractivelydefiningverticesofa
polygonwithdatapoints.Thepolygoncanbeclosedbyenteringadatapoint
atthestartpoint,orbyclickingtheCloseElementbutton.
ApplyFittedClipVolumecreatesaclipvolumethatenclosesalltheelements
inthemodel.
Inaddition,therearetwocheckboxes:
DisplayClipElement,ifon,theclipelementremainsdisplayedaftercreating
theclipvolumefortheview.Displayofthiselementcanbeturnedonoroff
later,withtheShoworHideClipVolumeElementicon.
CreateDynamicVIewAllowsyoutocreatedynamicviewsautomaticallyby
openingtheCreateDynamicViewdialog.
ClipVolumeExtendedOptionsaresetatthebottomofthetoolsettings.
ApplyClipVolumefromNamedFencecreatesaclipvolumefromthenamed
fence,selectedfromthelist,andappliestheclipvolumetotheactiveview.
Deletedeletesthenamedfenceselectedinthenamedfencelist.
Savecreatesanamedfencefromtheclipvolumeintheactiveviewiscreated.
ClipVolumeOptions
User:Examples
Project:Plant
File:...\Designs\BSI700R0100RRTrack.dgn
3D View Control
16
Sep-09
Clip Volume
ByElement
SectionClipTools
ApplyClipBy2Points
ApplyClipVolumeByPolygon
Sep-09
17
3D View Control
Clip Volume
SectionClipTools
Therearefourmethodsforcreatingaclipvolumebysectionplane.
PlaceFittedSection(threemethods).AFittedSectionisasectioncut
throughouttheXY,YZorXZplanerelativetotheAuxiliaryCoordinateSystem.
ApplyClipBySectionPlanelocatedintheCreateClipVolumetoolsettings.
HereistheTopViewandIsometricViewofthetrainengineandtanker.
User:Examples
Project:Plant
File:...\Designs\BSI700R0100RRTrack.dgn
TopView
3D View Control
18
Sep-09
Clip Volume
IsometricViewinIllustrationmode
Inthisexample,aPlaceFittedSectionisusedandanXYplaneiscreatedinthe
Isometricview.TheClipElementisdisplayedinbothviewswitheditinghandles
active.
Sep-09
19
3D View Control
Clip Volume
HerearetheresultsaftermovingtheClipElementHandlesintheXYdirection.
TheTopviewshowstheClipElementbuttheClipVolumeisdisplayedintheview
selectedwhencreatingtheClipVolume,whichwastheIsometricview.Hereisthe
ClipVolumeafterSelectingtheShoworHideClipElementtool.
ClipVolumesandViewAttributes
TheViewAttributesdialogincludesClipVolumeSettings.Whenaviewcontainsa
ClipVolume,theViewAttributesdialogwilldisplayaClipVolumecollapsible
section.ThesettingsonthissectionprovidevariouswaystodisplaytheClip
Volumes.
Inthisview,theClipVolumeSettingsoftheViewAttributesSettingsaresetto
displaytheForwardvolumeoftheClipElementwiththeFromViewoption
enabled.TheBack,CutandOutsideoptionsaredisabled.
3D View Control
20
Sep-09
Clip Volume
HereisthesameviewwithdifferentoptionsselectedfromtheClipVolume
Settings.
ClipVolumeSettingsandDisplayStyle
WhenaDisplayStyleiscreatedoranexistingstyleismodified,enablingtheClip
VolumeboxintheDisplayStylewindowwillplacethestyleasanadditional
Sep-09
21
3D View Control
Clip Volume
optionintheClipVolumeSettings.Clickingonthemagnifyingglasswillopenthe
DisplayStylesdialog.
Applyingaclipvolume
Youcanuseaclipvolumetoisolateapartofthemodelsothatyoucanworkonit
withouttheconfusionfromthedisplayofotherpartsofthemodel.
Exercise:Applyingaclipvolumeby2points.
1
Project:Plant
OpenBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn.
FromtheViewControlortheClipVolumetoolbox,selectClipVolume(4+
P)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ApplyClipVolumeBy2Points
DisplayClipElement:Enabled
3D View Control
22
Sep-09
Clip Volume
CreateDynamicView:Disabled
IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectTopView.
Note:ThisViewRotationwastransparent(youstayintheClipVolume
command)asitknewwhichviewtoapplythecommandto.
Sep-09
EnterdatapointstocreateaClipElement.
EnteradatapointintheView,toaccepttheclipvolume.
FromtheViewControlortheClipVolumetoolbox,selectClipVolumeand
ShoworHideActiveClipElement,thenselectview.Theclipelementwill
disappear.
UseShift+middlemousebutton(pressin),orselectRotateViewtorotate
theView.
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3D View Control
Clip Volume
Notethatonlytheelementsintheclipvolumearevisibleduringthe
rotation.
9
IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectIsometricView.
10 FitView.
Nootherelementsappearintheview.
11 ToremovetheClipVolumeselecttheClearClipVolumetoolandentera
datapointintheview.
Exercise:ApplyingaclipvolumebySectionClipTools.
1
Project:Plant
OpenBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn.
FromtheViewControlortheClipVolumetoolbox,selectClipVolume(4+
P)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
SectionClipTools
ApplyFittedSectionXYplane
3D View Control
24
Sep-09
Clip Volume
CreateDynamicVIews:Disabled
Sep-09
IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectTopView.
Enter2datapointsfromtoptobottom,tocreateasectionthroughthe
PumpHouse.
IntheViewRotationtoolbox,selectIsometricView.
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3D View Control
Clip Volume
OpentheViewAttributesdialogusingtheViewControltoolorbypressing
Ctrl+B.
Note:SinceaclipvolumeexistsinView2,thereisaClipVolumeSettingstab.
Theforwardandbackviewstyleofthesectionplanearedisplayedonthe
ClipVolumeSettingstab,andaresettoFromView.
3D View Control
SelecttheOutsideoptionfortheBackareaofthesectionplaneandthe
viewdisplaysdashedlinestoindicatetheBackofthesectionplaneisnow
hidden.
EnablethedisplayoftheCutarea.TheFromViewwilldisplayby
default.
26
Sep-09
Clip Volume
10 ChangethedisplayoptionoftheForwardareaofsectionplaneto
Outside.Thenewdisplayoftheclipvolumesectionshouldlooklikethe
followingview.
11 UsetheElementSelectiontool(1)andselectthesectionclipelement.
12 Theboundariesoftheinteractiveclipelementdisplay.
Sep-09
27
3D View Control
Clip Volume
13 Movethegreenhandletorepositionthesectionplaneandmovethe
bluehandletomodifythesizeoftheForwardareaofthesectionplane.
Cleartheclipelementselectionbyadatapointintheview.
Note:YoucanrightclickonthegreenarrowandFlipDirection,ClipAllSides
orUnclipAllSidesorrightclickonabluearrowandcanToggleClipping,
ClipAllSidesorUnclipAllSides.ToggleClippingwillchangetheblue
arrowtoabluebolt.
14 ModifytheClipVolumeSettings:
3D View Control
28
Sep-09
Clip Volume
15 ToremovetheClipVolumeselecttheClearClipVolumetoolandentera
datapointintheview.
Manipulatingaclipvolumefromasecondview
Withaclipvolumeactive,youcanrestrictthedisplayofelementstojustthose
thatyouwanttosee.Onceaclipelementhasbeencreated,youcanmanipulateit
tochangetheclipvolumeandtheinformationbeingdisplayed.Ifyoulatermove,
ormodifyaclippingelement,theclipvolumeisalsomovedormodified.Ifyou
deleteaclippingelement,theviewclippingisremoved.Clippingelementscanbe
manipulatedormodifiedwiththestandardMicroStationtools.
Onceaclipvolumehasbeenappliedtoaview,youcanswitchtheclippingonand
offintheViewAttributesdialogusingtheClipVolumecheckbox.Youcantoggle
displayoftheclipelementusingtheShoworHideClipVolumeElementiconin
thetoolsettings.
Exercise:Manipulatingaclipvolume
1
ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,selectClipVolume(4+P).
OpenandTileViews1and2,setView1toFrontandsetView2to
IsometricthenFitViewineachwindow.
FromtheClipVolumetoolsettings,select:
SectionClipTools
ApplyFittedSectionXYPlane
Sep-09
29
3D View Control
Clip Volume
Enteradatapointinview2.
SelectMoveElement(3+2).
InView1,snaptotheclipelementandmoveitintheZdirection.
View2displaysthenewClipVolume.Experimentwiththebluehandlesto
makemorechangestotheClipVolume.Hereisanexample:
ToremovetheClipVolumeselecttheClearClipVolumetoolandentera
datapointintheview.
Savingclipvolumes
Youcansaveclipvolumesasnamedfencesinthecurrentfile,forlateruse.You
thencanapplythemtoanyview.YoucanalsocreateaDynamicView,moreon
thatlater.
3D View Control
Exercise:Savetheclipvolume
30
Sep-09
Clip Volume
Sep-09
ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,makeView2theactive
view.
EnsurethattheViewAttributes>Presentation>ClipVolumeattributeis
enabledinallviews.
Createa2pointClipElementinView1andapplytheClipVolumeinView
2.Theimageshouldbesimilartothefollowing.
SelectClipVolume(4+P)andclicktheExpandarrowatlowerrightoftool
settings.
ClickCreateNamedFenceFromClipVolume.
IntheNamefield,typethenameFrontWallandpressEnter.
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3D View Control
Clip Volume
Younowcanapplythisclipvolumetoanyview.
Workingwithmultipleclipvolumes
Eachviewinamodelcanhaveaclipvolumeassignedtoit.Thesecanbeidentical,
ortheycanbedifferentclipvolumes.
Exercise:Createasecondclipvolume
1
ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,selectClipVolume(4+P)
withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ApplyClipVolumeBy2Points
CreateDynamicViews:Disabled
3D View Control
InView1,enterdatapointstoisolatethebackwall.
EnteradatapointinView3.
FitView3.
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Sep-09
Clip Volume
Views2and3nowhavedifferentclipvolumesappliedtothem.
Sep-09
SavetheclipvolumeasanamedfencenamedBackWall.
Exercise:Applysavedclipvolumetoaview
1
view.
SelectClipVolume(4+P)andselectthenamedfenceFrontWallinthe
toolsettings.
ClickApplyClipVolumeByNamedFence.
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3D View Control
Clip Volume
Theviewupdatestodisplayonlythepumphousefrontwall.
SelectthenamedfenceBackWallinthetoolsettings.
ClickApplyClipVolumeByNamedFence.
Theviewupdatestodisplayonlythebackwall.
Youcannowrotateorcontrolotheraspectsofthedisplayedclipvolume.
Savingclipvolumesinthismannerletsyouquicklysetupviewstoworkon
specificpartsofadesign.Onceaclipvolumeisdefinedforaview,itremainswith
thatviewuntilyouclearit.ToolssuchastheFitViewtoolwillnotchangethe
extentsofaclipvolume.
3D View Control
Exercise:Clearaclipvolume
1
ContinuinginBSI700A0101PumpHouse.dgn,clickClearClipVolumein
thetoolsettings.
FitView2.
34
Sep-09
Clip Volume
Theentiremodelisdisplayedagain.
Usingaclipmask
Aclipmaskhastheoppositeeffecttothatoftheclipvolume.Aclipvolume
defineswhattodisplay,butaclipmaskdefineswhatnottodisplay.Procedures
forcreatingandusingclipmasksareidenticaltothoseforclipvolumes.Youcan
applyclipmaskstoviewsthathavehadaclipvolumeapplied.
Similarly,youmaywanttoworkonpartofamodel,whilehidinganotherpartof
it.
Iftheelementsallareonthesamelevel,youcanusetheClipMasktooltomask
theelementsthatarenotrequired.
Using3DClipMasksyoucaneasilycreatecutawaydrawings.
Sep-09
35
3D View Control
Clip Volume
Exercise:Applyandclearaclipmask
1
view.
SelectClipMask(4+A)fromtheviewcontroltoolbox.
ThetoolsettingsaresimilartotheClipVolumetool.Thenamedfences
youcreatedpreviouslycanbeusedwithclipmaskstoo.
SelectthenamedfenceBackWallinthetoolsettings.
ClickApplyClipMaskByNamedFence.
Theviewupdatesandthebackofthepumphouseismaskedfromthe
view.Fittingandrotatingtheviewwillnotcauseittoreappear.Though
youcanFitandRotatetheclipmaskedview.
Clearingaclipmaskisthesameasaclipvolume.
3D View Control
ClickClearClipMaskinthetoolsettings.
SelectFile>Close.
36
Sep-09
Display Styles Dialog
DisplayStylesDialog
TheDisplayStylesDialogisformodifyingandcreatingcustomdisplaystylesor
rendermodes.DIsplayStylescancomefromaDGNLIBorcanbestoredinthe
activeDGN.LikesimilarStylesdialogs(Text,Dimensions,etc.)youcanUpdate
fromLibrarytomakesureyouareusingthelateststyles.
YoucanaccesstheDisplayStylesDialogfromthefollowinglocations:
Settings>DisplayStyles...orTools>View>ViewControl
SelectfromtheViewToolboxtheOpenDisplayStyleDialogicon.
Note:StandarddisplaystylesareprovidedwithMicroStationV8i,andcannot
bedeleted.
Sep-09
37
3D View Control
UnderstandingDisplayStyledialogtools.
1
WireframeToolsettings:
Nosettings
HiddenLineToolsettings:
Display:HiddenLine
FilledHiddenLineToolsettings:
Display:FilledHiddenLine
SmoothToolsettings:
Display:Shaded
3D View Control
38
Sep-09
IllustrationToolsettings:
Display:Shaded
DisplayVisibleEdges:Enabled(Black)
BackgroundColor:Enabled(White)
Note:TheDisplayStylesDialogsettingUsageswhenenabled,determinesifthe
displaymodeiscreatedinviewwindoworClipVolumeorboth.
Exercise:Createacustomdisplaystyle
1
OpenBSI700S0501UnloadingPlatform.dgn,makeView2theactiveview.
SelectSettings>DisplayStyles...
SelectNewandtypeoverUntitledwiththenameCustomDisplay.
SettheDisplayStylessettingsasfollows:
Display:Shaded
DisplayShadows:Enabled
EnableNoMaterial:SelecttheMaterialoption
Selectmagnifyingglass:SelectPlatformFramematerial
EnableBackgroundcolor:SelectGray#48option
EnableUsages:View
Sep-09
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3D View Control
Perspective
InView2,selecttheViewDisplayModetooldropdownarrowandselect
CustomDisplay.
Perspective
Everytimeyouturnonperspectiveinaview,youturnontheCamera(View
Attributes>Camera).YoucanturnperspectiveonspecificallyusingtheView
Perspectivetool.
Asingledatapointintheviewcenterstartsthe3pointperspective,and
movementawayfromthecenterchangestheamountofperspective.Selecting
theViewPerspectivetoolanddoubleclickinginthecenteroftheviewsetsthe
viewtoparallelprojection,orturnofftheCamerainViewAttributes.
AdditionaloptionsareavailableifyouclickandholdtheViewPerspectivetoolor
openitasatoolbox.RightclickonanytooltoShowAlltools.
ViewPerspectiveinteractivelysetperspectiveinaview
WideAnglesetsperspectiveinaviewtomatchanextrawideanglecamera
lens
Normalsetsperspectiveinaviewtomatchanormalcameralens
Telephotosetsperspectiveinaviewtomatchatelephotocameralens
TwoPointProjectionsetsperspectiveinaviewto2pointprojection.Hidden
bydefault
3D View Control
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Sep-09
Saved Views dialog
CameraOffturnsoffaviewcameraandreturntoparallelprojection
SavedViewsdialog
Usedtoname,save,delete,import,applyandrecallsavedviews.Savinga3D
viewallowsyoutoquicklyrecallaviewwithspecificattributes.Itisimportantto
createanduseSavedViewsin3D,sinceyouwillwanttoreturntoaknown
positionmanytimes.Theyarehelpfulfordesign,navigation,renderingand
animation.CameraandClipVolumesettingsareavailableforsavingorrecall.
OpenthedialogbyselectingUtilities>SavedViews,selectingViewSave/Recall
fromaviewwindowcontrolmenu,orpressingF6.
UnderstandingtheSavedViewsdialog
TheSavedViewsdialogcontainscontrolsthatareusedtoapplyasavedviewtoa
viewinthedesignfile.Thelistboxshowsthename,descriptionandmodelof
eachviewsaved.Toapplyasavedview,usethefollowingoptions:
ApplytoSelectedViews.Selectthistoolandclickinaselectedviewwindow.
Sep-09
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3D View Control
Saved Views dialog
Applytoopenviews.AllopenedviewswilldisplaytheSavedView.
DoubleclicktheentryintheSavedViewdialoglistwilldisplaytheSavedViewin
theActiveView.
ActiveFile
Thisicondisplaysoptionalsettingsbyclickingonthedropdownlistbox.
Note:Alinkisapointertoprojectdataandalinksetiscreatedwhenyouuse
ProjectExplorer(File>ProjectExplorer).
CreateSavedView
OpenstheCreateSavedViewdialogwhereyounameanddescribetheviewyou
aresaving.Theviewcanbeasaved,section,elevation,detailorplanview.AClip
VolumecanalsobeaddedtoaSavedViewOptionoraDynamicViewcanbe
created.
3D View Control
Exercise:CreateaSavedView
1
OpenBSI700S0501UnloadingPlatform.dgn,openViews1through4,
selecttoWindow>Tile,andthenFitView(4+5)foreachview.
SetDisplayModetoWireframeforeachview.
42
Sep-09
Saved Views dialog
WindowinonthetopoftheUnloadingPlatforminView4(RightView).
SetDisplayModetoSmoothwithShadowsandapplytheView
PerspectiveExtraWideAngle.PanandRotatetoadjustifneeded.
PressF6toopentheSavedViewdialog,clickCreateSavedView,andsave
thenewviewinView4:
Name:TopPlatform
Description:Topplatformwithwideangleview
Sep-09
ClickinView4toselectthesourceview.
43
3D View Control
Saved Views dialog
3D View Control
IntheSavedViewsdialog,settheViewnumbertoView3anddoubleclick
theTopPlatformsavedviewinthesavedviewlistbox.
IntheSavedViewdialoglistbox,clickontheareabelowtheheaderClip
Volumetoselectanexistingclipvolume.
44
Sep-09
AccuDrawin3D
ModuleOverview
AccuDrawisanintelligentdrawingaidthatinterpretsthepositionofthepointer
relativetopreviousdatapoints,vieworientation,andcoordinatesystem.Using
AccuDraw,youcanquicklyenteradditionaldatapointsthatbuildonthose
enteredpreviously.
ModulePrerequisites
KnowledgeofAccuDrawin2D
Knowledgeofbasic3Dviewcontrolsand3Dplanes
ModuleObjectives
Sep-09
DesignwithAccuDrawina3Denvironment
UseAuxiliaryCoordinateSystemstocontroldraftingplanes
UseAccuDraw3Dshortcuts
47
AccuDraw in 3D
Questions
1
NamethetwobasicAccuDrawinterfacecomponents.
WhatmusthavethefocusforAccuDrawshortcutstowork?
WhataretheoperationalstepswhenusingAccuDraw?
HowdoyouplacetheAccuDrawcompassatasnappoint?
Answers
1
AccuDrawcompassandAccuDrawwindow.
TheAccuDrawwindow.
1.Enteradatapointusingeitherprecisioninput,oradatapoint,tofixthe
locationofthecompass.
2.Movethepointerinthedirectioninwhichyouwishtodraw.
3.WithoutusingthepointertoputfocusintotheAccuDrawwindowskey
infields,enterthedesireddistancevalue.
AccuDraw in 3D
UseAccuSnap,orissueamanualtentativesnap,andusetheAccuDraw
shortcut<O>.
48
Sep-09
The AccuDraw Drawing Plane
TheAccuDrawDrawingPlane
AccuDrawwasdesignedtoworkwiththe3Ddrawingenvironment.Youcanwork
inaviewotherthanoneoftheorthogonalviews(Top,Front,andRight),butstill
drawintheorthogonalplanes.
RotatedviewssuchasIsometricorRightIsometricdisplayadesignmoreclearly.
Whenworkingintheseviews,ifyouwanttodrawanobjectontheToporFront
plane,youcansimplyrotatetheAccuDrawcompasstothatplaneusingan
AccuDrawshortcut.YoudothisbyrotatingAccuDrawscompasstoanorthogonal
planewithoneoftheshortcutsV(view),T(top),F(front),orS(side).
WorkingintheIsometricview,youcanuseAccuDrawshortcutstorotateitscompasstotheTop(T),Front(F),Side(S)orView(V)
orientation
Note:RememberthatthefocusmustbeintheAccuDrawwindowforitsshortcutsto
work.PressF11,orpressEscandthenthespacebartomovefocustoit.
ItisrecommendedthatyouworkintheIsometricviewwiththeTop,Frontand
Rightviewsopen,placedbehindtheIsometricview.
3DElementPlacement
Placingelementsina2Dfileislikedrawingonasheetofpaper.Allelementsare
on1plane,thex,yplane.Whenyouplacethesameelementsina3Dfile,by
Sep-09
49
AccuDraw in 3D
3D Element Placement
defaulttheyareplacedintheAccuDrawdrawingplane.TheAccuDrawdrawing
planecanberotatedtomatchtheviewbeingused,ordefinedtobeaparticular
rotation.
Inthefollowingexercises,youwilldrawanopenrectangularboxusing2Dblocks.
Exercise:Openthemodelanddrawthebasesurface
1
User:untitled
Project:Everything3D
OpenAccuDraw_3D.dgnfromtheclassdataset.
ThismodeldisplaystheACStriad,whichindicatesthedirectionsofthe3
axes,ineachview.YoucantogglethedisplayoftheACStriadintheView
Attributesdialog.
SelectWorkspace>Preferences,andthentheTaskNavigationcategory
andsetPresentationtoDialog.
IntheTaskdialog,clickontheSolidsModelingtask.
First,usingtheTopview,youwilldrawthebaseofthebox.Youwilluse
AccuDrawtoinputprecisedimensions.Effectively,thispartoftheexercise
willbenodifferentfromworkingin2D.
5
AccuDraw in 3D
SelectPlaceBlock(W+1).
50
Sep-09
EnteradatapointinthelowerleftcorneroftheTopview.
Movethepointertotherightand,withitindexedtoAccuDrawsxaxis,
type1.5.
DoNOTenteradatapoint.
Movethepointerupwardandtype1.25.
Enteradatapointtocompletetheblock.
10 Fiteachview.
TheblockappearsasalineinboththeFrontandRightviews,whereitisedgeon
totheviews,likelookingatasheetofpaperedgeon.
Next,youwillusetheIsometricviewtodrawthecorrespondingfrontandright
facesofthebox.Youmayrememberthateachviewhasanactivedepth,where
datapointsfallbydefaultifyoudonotsnaptoanelement.Here,youwillsnapto
theexistingblockthatyoujustdrewanduseAccuDrawtokeepthepointeratthat
depthintheview.
Sep-09
Exercise:UseIsometricviewstodrawcorrespondingfacesforthebox
1
ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,selectPlaceBlock(W+1).
IntheIsometricview,snaptotheleftendoftheexistingblockandaccept
withadatapoint.
WithfocusonAccuDraw,press<F>fortheFrontrotation.
51
AccuDraw in 3D
Movethepointertotheright,snaptotheendpointand,withitindexedto
AccuDrawsxaxis,thenpress<X>,tolocktothex.
Movethepointerupward,type0.5,andenteradatapointtocomplete
theblock.
Fiteachview.
Fortherightface,youcansnaptoexistingelementstoplacethepoints.
Press<S>forSiderotation.
Note:PressF11toputfocusintheAccuDrawwindow.
9
AccuDraw in 3D
IntheIsometricview,snaptothebottomleftendofthebaseandaccept
withadatapoint.
52
Sep-09
10 ContinuingintheIsometricview,snaptothetopofthefrontsurfaceand
acceptwithadatapoint.
Asyoudothis,checkintheFrontandRightviewstoensurethatyouare
snappingtothecorrectpointsandthattheblockisbeingplacedcorrectly.
11 Fiteachview.
Tocompletethebox,youcanusetheCopytooltocopytheexistingfacescreating
theoppositesides.Whenyoucopyanelementin3D,itretainsitscurrent
orientation.Thatmeansthataverticalfaceremainsvertical,ahorizontalface
remainshorizontal,andsoon.
Exercise:Copytheexistingfacestocompletethebox
1
ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,selectCopyElement(3+1),withthe
followingtoolsetting:
Copies:1
Sep-09
53
AccuDraw in 3D
IntheIsometricview,identifytheblockrepresentingthebackfaceatits
lowerrightvertex.
Thefaceisattachedtothepointer.Asyoumovethepointerintheother
views,thefrontfaceelementretainsitscurrentorientation.
AccuDraw in 3D
Snaptothefrontrightvertexofthebaseblock.
Enteradatapointtocompletethecopyandreset.
54
Sep-09
Sep-09
IntheIsometricview,identifytheblockrepresentingtherightfaceatits
lowerrightvertex.
IntheIsometricview,snaptothebackrightvertexofthebaseblockand
accepttocompletethecopy.
Reset.
ClicktheViewDisplayModeviewcontrolandchangetheIsometricviews
displaytoHiddenLine.
UsetheRotateViewtooltorotatetheIsometricviewandverifythatyou
havecorrectlydrawnallthesurfacesfortheopentopbox.
55
AccuDraw in 3D
Asyoucansee,placingelementsin3Disnomoredifficultthanin2D.Inthe
exercise,youusedMicroStationsviewstocorrectlyorienttheelements.Ofthe4
views,theIsometricviewbestdisplaysthemodel.Youcanseethe3facesquite
clearly.
UsingAccuDrawsrotateddrawingplane
YoucanplaceelementsintheTop,FrontandSidealignmentsusingAccuDraws
<T>,<F>and<S>shortcuts.
AccuDrawsdrawingplaneletsyouworkinanyview,whilestillmaintainingthe
correctplanefortheelementsbeingdrawn.Youcanstillsnaptoelementsthat
arenotonthecurrentdrawingplaneandAccuDrawrespondsaccordingly.
Asyoudrawin3D,youmayobservethedrawingplaneaxeschangeasyouenter
datapoints.Thealignmentofthedrawingplanedependsonthetoolbeingused
andthelocationofthepreviousdatapoints.For3Dmodels,the3previousdata
pointsareconsidered,asthisistheminimumrequirementtodescribeaplanar
surface.Wherelessthan3datapointshavebeenentered,thevieworientationis
alsoconsidered.
Additionalshortcuts
<B>BaseRotation:RotatesthedrawingplanetoalignwiththeactiveACSor
therotationoftheview.
<E>CycleRotation:Rotatesbetween3mainplanes;top,front,andside.
PressingErotatesthedrawingplanefirst90aboutitsxaxis,then90about
itsyaxis,andthenbacktoitsoriginalrotation.
Inthefollowingexercises,youwillworkintheIsometricviewandletAccuDraw
correctlyaligntheelements.Asyouworkthroughtheexercise,usetheother
openviewstochecktheorientationoftheelementbeingdrawn,bymaximizing
andshrinkingtheIsometricview.
AccuDraw in 3D
Exercise:AutomaticdrawingplanerotationinAccuDraw
1
ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,Pantoanopenareaofthemodel.
56
Sep-09
Sep-09
IntheIsometricview,place2orthogonalblocksasshown.
ContinuingwithPlaceBlock,snaptotheverticalfaceupperrightcorner.
Press<T>torotateAccuDrawsdrawingplanetoTop.
57
AccuDraw in 3D
Snaptothelowerrightvertexofthebase.
AccuDrawusesthe2datapointsplustheviewtosetthedrawingplane
orientation.Thisresultsinadrawingplanethatisnotalwaysinalignment
withanyofthestandardTop,FrontorSidedrawingplanes.
7
Snaptothelowerleftedgeofthebaseandacceptwithadatapoint.
AccuDrawsdrawingplanenowalignsitselfwiththeplaneofthe2non
planardatapoints.
8
Resettocomplete.
Nonorthogonalrotation
Quiteoften,youwillneedtorotatetheAccuDrawcompasstoanonorthogonal
plane;onethatisnottheTop,FrontorSide.Besidesthestandardnonplanardata
AccuDraw in 3D
58
Sep-09
pointsandviewrotation,ornonplanarsnapping,severalothermethodsare
available.ThemostcommonistouseanAccuDrawshortcut.
Sep-09
RQRotateQuickprovidesquick,nonpersistentrotation
RARotateACSallowsyoutopersistentlyrotatexandyplaneaboutanorigin
point.YoucanclearitbyusingastandardrotationlikeT,F,S,V
WASaveanACSrotation
GARecallanACSrotation
ECycleRotation
ImportantwhenusinganotherACSsinceT,ForSwillbreakyououtofexisting
ACS
RXRotateaboutxaxis
RYRotateaboutyaxis
RZRotateaboutzaxis
RERotateAccuDrawcompasstomatchorientationofanelement
RVRotateActiveViewtoorientationofAccuDrawcompass
Exercise:AccuDrawandQuickRotation
1
ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,selectEdit>Undotoundothe
placementofthelastinclinedplane.
PressF11andthenpress<T>fortoprotation.
Followingthestatusbarprompt,snaptotheupperleftvertexofthe
verticalfaceandacceptwithadatapoint.
59
AccuDraw in 3D
Press<RQ>and,followingthestatusbarprompt,snaptothelowerleft
vertexofthebase,thenacceptthenewrotationwithadatapoint.
Snaptotherightlowervertexofthebaseandacceptthenewblockwitha
datapoint.
Note:AnalternatemethodistousePlaceBlockwiththeMethodsettoRotated.
Tokeepapersistentrotation,youcanusetheAccuDrawshortcut<RA>.
AccuDraw in 3D
Exercise:UsingRAtokeeparotation
60
Sep-09
ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,selectPlaceCircle(W+5)withthe
followingtoolsetting:
Method:Center
Sep-09
Snaptotheupperleftvertexoftheverticalface,pressF11,andthenpress
<O>tosettheAccuDraworigin,butdonotenteradatapoint.
Press<RA>,keepingthesnappointthesame,andenteradatapointto
accepttheorigin.
Snapto,andaccept,theupperrightvertexoftheverticalfacetoshowthe
xaxisdirection.
61
AccuDraw in 3D
AccuDraw in 3D
Snapto,andaccept,thelowerleftofthebasetosettheyaxisdirection.
Pressthespacebartochangetotherectangularcoordinatesystem.
62
Sep-09
Sep-09
Snapto,butdonotaccept,theleftmidpointoftheinclinedplaneandlock
theyaxisbypressing<Y>.
Press<K>toopenKeypointDivisordialogandsetthedivisorto3.
Snaptoleftthirdofthelongedgeofthebasetosetthexaxisdistance,
andenteradatapointtoacceptthecenterpointofthecircle.
63
AccuDraw in 3D
10 Typeadistanceof0.2fortheradiusandacceptwithadatapoint.
SavetherotatedACSwithAccuDrawshortcut<WA>andrecallitwith<GA>.
Aquickrotationmethodistorotatetoanelementsplane.
Exercise:QuickRotationtoanelement
1
ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,withfocusonAccuDraw,press<T>toset
Toprotation.
SelectPlaceCircle(W+5),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Method:Center
AccuDraw in 3D
PressF11toputfocusintheAccuDrawwindow.
Snapto,butdonotaccept,themidpointofrightedgeoftheinclined
planeandpress<O>tosettheAccuDraworiginatthemidpoint.
Press<RE>toRotatetoElement.
64
Sep-09
Sep-09
Alignthecompasstotherightinclinededge.
Enteradatapointtoaccepttherotation.
IndextotheleftandpressEnter.
Snaptoapointonethirdofthewayalongthebottomedgeandentera
datapointtoplacethecenterofcircle.
65
AccuDraw in 3D
10 Indextoanyaxisandtypearadiusof0.2.
OthertoolsthatrelyontheplaneorientationalsocanbeusedwithAccuDraw.For
example,theMirror,RotateElement,andArraytoolsallusetheplaneorientation
todefinethedirectionofthemirror,ortheaxisofrotation.
Locatingelementsrelativetoothers
Therewillbeoccasionswhenyouwilllocateelementsrelativetoothersalready
presentinthemodel.
Inthefollowingexercise,youwillplaceaSmartLinetorepresentacenterlinefor
apipe.
Exercise:Drawthecenterline
1
ContinueinAccuDraw_3D.dgn.
Openthe01_AccuDrawExercisemodel.
SettheViewDisplayModetoSmoothwiththefollowingtoolsettings:
DisplayEdges:Enabled
DisplayHiddenEdges:Enabled
MaketheDrawingtaskstheactivetasksintheTaskNavigationdialog.
SelectPlaceSmartLine(Q+1)withfollowingsettings:
SegmentType:Lines
VertexType:Rounded
AccuDraw in 3D
66
Sep-09
RoundingRadius:1.5
JoinElements:Enabled
Sep-09
Intherotatedview,snaptothevertexatthepointlabeledStarthereand
Press<T>toswitchtotheTopplane.
Movethepointerdowntotheleftand,withitindexedtotheyaxis,press
<Enter>toconstrainthepointtothisaxis.(Donotenteradatapoint.)
67
AccuDraw in 3D
Typeadistanceof35forY,andacceptwithadatapoint.
10 StayingintheTopplane,indextonegativeYandpressEnter.
11 Snaptothecenteroflower,opencylinderfaceandacceptwithadata
point.
AccuDraw in 3D
68
Sep-09
Asyousnaptothevertex,AccuDrawdisplaysadashedline,whichis
perpendiculartothexaxis,backtothepointbeingplaced.Thisletsyou
locatetheydistanceusinga3Dsnap.
12 Press<F>forFrontrotation.
13 Indextothenegativeyaxisandpress<Enter>toconstrainthenextpoint
totheyaxis.
14 Withthepointerstillsnappedtothelowercenteropencylinderface,
15 Press<T>forToprotation.
16 Indextothenegativeyaxisandlockbypressing<Y>.
Sep-09
69
AccuDraw in 3D
17 Type30andacceptwithadatapoint.
18 Resettocomplete.
19 Rotatetoseetheotherside.
20 Repeatfortheother2directions.
21 SelectFile>Close.
AccuDraw in 3D
70
Sep-09
Using Auxiliary Coordinate Tools
UsingAuxiliaryCoordinateTools
Youcandefinenewxandyaxesinyourdesignplaneandsavethemasan
auxiliarycoordinatesystem(ACS).Youcandefineseveralauxiliarycoordinate
systemsandquicklychooseanyofthemtouse.Atanytime,youcanmakeone
ACSactiveperview.
Auxiliarycoordinatesystemscanbeparticularlyhelpfulin3Ddesign,wherethey
facilitateplacingelementsonplanesatdifferentdepthsandorientations.By
usinganACSthatcorrespondstothelocationandorientationofaparticular
element,youcanenterdatapointsrelativetothatelementratherthantheglobal
origin.
OnceanACSisactiveyoucanuseitwithAccuDrawandwithprecisioninputkey
ins(suchasAX=andAD=)toperformprecisioninputwithrespecttotheauxiliary
coordinatesystems.
YoucanalsouseAccuDrawshortcutkeyinstodefineandactivateauxiliary
coordinatesystems.
MicroStationprovidesspecifictoolsforcreating,modifying,importingand
selectingAuxiliaryCoordinateSystems.YoucanfindthetoolsbyselectingUtilities
>AuxiliaryCoordinatesorrightclickandturnonthetoolinthePrimaryTools
toolbox.
Anauxiliarycoordinatesystem(ACS)isacoordinatesystemwithanorientation,
and/oranneworigin,differentfromthoseoftheDGNfilecoordinates(the
GlobalOrigin).Althoughnotexclusivelya3Dconcept,anACSismostusefulin3D
modelingasadrawingaid.
Toolsfromlefttorightare:
Sep-09
CreateanewACS
71
AccuDraw in 3D
CopyACS
DeleteACS
ImportACS
DefineACS(AlignedwithElement)
DefineACS(ByPoints)
DefineACS(AlignedwithView)
DefineACS(AlignedwithReference)
RotateACS
MoveACS
ApplyACStoSelectedView
SelectACS
ActiveDepthisnolongerused,becausethelocationofunsnappedpointsis
controlledbytheACSforaview.InsteadofDepthLock,younowcanenableACS
PlaneSnaptoforceunsnappedpointstofallontheplaneoftheACS.
AuxiliaryCoordinatesdialogtoolfeatures
AccuDraw in 3D
AnewACScanbecreatedusingtheCreateanewACStoolinthedialog.
YoudoNOTneedtocreateanACSbeforeyoudefineit.UsingaDefineACS
toolwillcreateanACSforyou.
AlistboxnowdisplaystheactiveACSonthetoplineandallACSsinthe
activemodel.
AllACStoolsareavailablewithinthedialog.
Abilitytocreate,copy,deleteorimportanACS.
MakeanACSactivebydoubleclickingonACSnameinlistorrightclickonACS
nameandselectSetActivefromoptionslist.
OtheroptionsincludeabilitytomatchthecoordinatesystemofselectedACS
totheactiveACSorglobalcoordinatesforthemodel,anddeletingor
renaminganACS.
LeftclickontheTypeandchangeittoNone,Rectangular,Spherical,or
Cylindrical.
72
Sep-09
ImportantNotesontheACSSystem
TheactiveACSforaviewisNEVERanamedACS,itisacopy.Youcansetitfroma
namedACSandaslongitstillmatchesthenamedACSitwilldisplaythenameto
showwhereitoriginatedfrom.
Forexample,setanamedACSforaview,thenchangeit,byusingtheAccuDraw
shortcutsRA,E,DefineACSbyPointstool,etc.OnlytheactiveACSfortheviewis
changedandtheconnectionwiththenamedACSisbroken(theviewbecomes
unnamed).Otherwise,youwouldhavetobeverycarefulnottoinadvertentlyre
defineyourcarefullysetupnamedACS.
Thereverseisalsotrue.SetanamedACSontheview,thenmodifythenamed
ACSdirectly(forexample,enterneworiginvaluesforanamedACSusingtheACS
dialog).TheactiveACSvaluesareunaffectedandjusttheconnectionwiththe
namedACSisbroken.InbothcasesyouwillseethattheactiveACSlosesitsname
immediatelyintheACSdialog.
TheViewIndependenttoggle(rightclickonanamedACSintheACSdialogto
selectcommand)isalittledifferent.Itiscurrentlyonlyapropertyoftheactive
ACS,notanamedACS.Aslongastheothersettingsarethesameyoucantoggle
iton/offwithoutbreakingtheconnectiontothenamedACS,butifitisleftview
independentMicroStationwillstopshowingthenamewhenyoureopenthefile
becausetheactiveACSwouldhavebeensavedwithoutafixedrotation.Witha
viewindependentACSthexyplaneisalwaysalignedparalleltotheviewatthe
defineddepthortheequivalenttoactivedepthinV8i.
Sothemainthingtounderstandisthataview'sACSiscompletelyindependentof
anynamedACS,thenameisjustahelpfulhintastohowitwassetupthatisonly
validaslongasnothingischanged.
ACSandDepthLock
MicroStationV8inolongerhasaDepthLock.ItisreplacedbytheACSPlaneLock.
TheACSalwaysdefinesyourworkingplanenow,itisnotgoingtobesomestatic
thingthatyoujustleaveat0,0,0withanidentityrotationandneveruse.
TomimicdepthlockyoucansetupaviewindependentACS,whichisthedefault
forfilesthatdidnothaveACSPlaneLockenabledandwhatthesetactivedepth
toolnowdoes.ThenturnonACSPlaneSnapfromSettings>Locks>ACSPlane
andACSPlaneSnaporuseAccuDrawshortcutsLP,LAand/orLS(seebelow).
Sep-09
73
AccuDraw in 3D
ACSandDepthLockQuestionsandAnswers
1
DoIneedtosetupvieworientedACSforeachrotatedview?
Youcertainlycan,youcouldhaveanACSforyourelevationviewthatis
alwaysfrontandyourplanviewthatisalwaystop,etc.However,ifyou
typicallyworkwithasingleviewandfrequentlyswitchbetweenstandard
rotationstodrawondifferentplanesalignedtotheview,changingthe
ACSwouldgettedious.Aview'sACScannowspecifythatitisview
independent,inotherwords,definesapointthataplanealignedwiththe
viewpassesthrough,effectivelytheactivedepthconceptbutwithout
havingtoworryaboutviewingoperationsinadvertentlychangingitout
fromunderyou.IfyouhavedisplayoftheACSenabledforaview,aview
independentACSdisplaysthetriadarrowswithadottedstyleinsteadof
solid.
HowdoesthisaffectthecoordinatereadoutintheStatusBar.
First,useRunningCoordinates(rightclickontheStatusBarandselect).
ThenbyleftclickingontheRunningCoordinatesboxintheStatusBaryou
canchoosetodisplay:Position,Delta,ViewDelta,Distance,ACSPosition,
orACSDelta.
Idoheavilyrelyonviewactivedepth,forrotatingviews.Iwouldhave
thoughtthatwhennoACSisenabledthentheactivedepthanddepthlock
shouldworkasbefore.
TheACSiseffectivelyalwaysenabled.ACSPlaneLocknowjustcontrols
whetherviewingoperationsandAccuDrawshortcutsforT,F,Sare
relativetothedesigncoordinatesortheACS.Italsocontrolswhetherthe
ACSscalewillbeused(inthecasewhereyouhaveexplicitlysetascale
otherthan1.0foryourACS).
WeuseSETTPMODELOCATEhowdoesthisaffectus?
Itshouldnotaffectyou.Toalwaysreportcoordinatesrelativetothe
globalorigin,usetpmodelocate.Ifyoudonotwantthesnappoint
projectedtotheactiveACSPlane(i.e.activedepth)turnoffACSPlane
SnapjustasyouwouldhavehadtoturnoffDepthLockinprevious
versions.UseTPMODEACSLOCATEonlyifyousetaspecificACSforyou
view,andtheexpectationhereisthattheseuserswillusetheACStools
andACSdialogandnotusetheoldactivedepthtools.Youcanalsochange
yourmodewithRunningCoordinates.
AccuDraw in 3D
DoIneedtouseACSPlaneLockandACSPlaneSnapLockalwaysinmy
workflownow?
74
Sep-09
TheACSlocksisforsomeonewhohassetupanexplicitACStoa
meaningfullocation/orientation.ACSPlaneLockisnotneededtocontrol
whetherunsnappedpointsareprojectedtotheACSPlane,thatalways
happensnow.
6
HowdoIsavemyACSs?
ACSsaresavedwithSaveSettings.
SetActiveDepthTool
TheSetActiveDepthtoolwasleftintheinterfacebecauseitisafamiliarandeasy
tousetoolforpeoplethatwerenotaccustomedtousinganACS.The
implementationofthetoolhaschangedtodefineaviewindependentACSatthe
pointyouselect.TurntheViewAttributeforACSonsoyoucanseewhatitis
doing.
AccuDrawShortcutsforACS
AlthoughusingACSsmayseemcomplicated,AccuDrawusesthemasabasicpart
ofits3Dfunctionality,permanentlystoringarbitraryrotations.Itisnotnecessary
tolearnmuchaboutACSstousethemeffectivelywithAccuDraw.
AccuDrawdrawingplaneshortcutsforTop,FrontandSidearerelativetothe
activeACSratherthantheDefaultcoordinatesystem.
LPLockACSGridPlaneTogglesACSGridPlanelock,whichtogglestheACS
PlaneandACSPlaneSnaplocks,andtheGridviewattributeforallviews.Very
helpfulshortcut.TheF8keyismappedtothesamecommand.
LATogglesACSPlanelock.
LSTogglesACSPlaneSnaplock.
LZTogglesStickyZLock,whichcanbeusedinconjunctionwithACSPlane
SnapLocktoforceaseriesofsnappointstolieontheactiveACS'XYplane
(Z=0).
OnepossibleAccuDrawandACSWorkflow
Sep-09
Draw/Referenceanelementfortherotationyouneed.
UseAccuDrawshortcut<RE>forRotate[compassto]Element,and
AccuDrawwillrotatetotheorientationofthiselement.
UseAccuDrawshortcut<WA>forWriteACS,andanewACSwillbe
createdwiththenameyouchoose.
75
AccuDraw in 3D
UseAccuDrawshortcut<GA>forGetACS,thisgivesyouamenutoselect
yourACSs.
WhenopeningtheACSdialogyouwillseeyourACSSystems,rightclickonthe
titlelistofthismenu,andyoucanturnonandviewtherotationofyourACS.
Exercise:CreatinganddrawingonanewACS.
1
ContinuinginAccuDraw_3D.dgn,openthemodel02_ACS_by_points.
SelecttheACSByPointstoolfromtheAuxiliaryCoordinatesdialogwith
thefollowingtoolsettings:
Type:Rectangular
AccuDraw in 3D
EnterthenewACSoriginatpoint1
Definethexaxisbyplacingadatapointonpoint2
Enteradatapointonpoint3toidentifytheyaxisdirection,andthenew
ACSwilldisplay.
TocreateanewACS,clicktheCreateanewACStoolinthedialogandtype
anameforthenewACS.
DoubleclickthenewnamedACS.
76
Sep-09
ItwillbecometheActiveACSandwilldisplayonthefirstlineorActiveACS
lineofthedialog.
8
SelectPlaceBlockwiththefollowingsettings:
Method:Rotated
Area:Solid
FillType:None
Note:WhendrawingonarotatedACSusetheAccuDrawshortcut<LA>tolock
theACSPlane.
9
Enterthebasepointoftheblockatthemidpointoftheedgebetween
points1and3.
10 Enterthesecondbasepointoftheblockatthemidpointoftheedge
betweenpoints1and2.
AccuDrawwillautomaticallyrotateorthogonaltoACS2.
11 Movethepointeralongthegreenyaxisforadistanceof1.
12 RenderusingtheSmoothorHiddenLineViewDisplayMode.
Sep-09
77
AccuDraw in 3D
DefineanACSalignedwithareferencefile
Thefollowingimageshowsasimplereferenceattachedtothemodel.
TosettheACSsothatitisalignedwiththeACSoftheReference,usetheDefine
ACS(AlignedwithReference)tool.SelecttheReferenceandtheReferenceACS
becomestheactiveACS.
ACSinteractionwithAccuDraw
UsetheAccuDrawshortcut<LA>tolocktheactiveACSplane.Thiswillletyouuse
the<T>,<F>and<S>shortcutsrelativetotheactiveACS.
Sep-09
78
AccuDraw in 3D
UsetheAccuDrawshortcut<LP>ordefaultfunctionkey<F8>toturnontheACS
Plane,ACSPlaneSnapandgridforallviews.Thefollowingimageshowsthe
resultsofusingthe<LP>or<F8>shortcut.
SeparateACSperView
AnewtoolintheACStoolboxletsyouassignAuxiliaryCoordinateSystemstoeach
view.YoucancreateanACSforaviewwiththeDefineACSbyViewtool.Youcan
maketheACSviewindependentbyturningonacheckbox.Whenaview
independentACSisactive,andtheACStriadsettingisenabledfortheview,theX,
Yarrowsaredisplayedasdashedintheview.
ToretaintheperviewACSsettingforthenextsession,youmustselectFile>Save
Settings.
WhenamodelcreatedinanearlierversionisopenedandtheACSPlanelockis
notenabled,aviewindependentACSwithanoriginoftheviewcenteratactive
depthiscreated.Thisletsyoustartworkingwiththegeometrycreatedinthe
sameplaceasitwouldhavebeenintheearlierversion(attheActiveDepth).
YoumayalsorightclickonanACSintheACSdialogandselectSetActiveView.
ProjectingPointsfromandACStoaPlane
YoucanuseacombinationofanACSandAccuDrawtoprojectpoints,intheACS
zdirection,fromtheACSplanetotheAccuDrawdrawingplane.Thistechnique
letsyou,forexample,tracetheboundaryofahouseontoaslopingroofline,as
explainedinthefollowingworkflow.
Sep-09
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AccuDraw in 3D
Module Review
HowtoProjectPointsontoaRotatedPlane:
1.SetupanACSsuchthattheZdirectionisthedesiredprojection.
2.PressF8or<LP>tolockAccuDrawtotheACSPlane,PlaneSnapandGrid
Planeoruse<LA>and<LS>ifyoudonotwanttoseethegrid.
3.Selecttheelementplacementtool,suchasPlaceSmartLine.
4.PressF11,tosetfocustoAccuDraw.
5.KeyintheAccuDrawshortcutRE.
6.Inthetoolsettings,set:
UpdateCurrentACS:Off
MoveOrigin:On
7.SelecttheelementtowhichyouwantAccuDrawalignedandacceptwitha
datapoint.
8.Tocommencedrawingtheelement,snaptoanelementintheACSplane
andacceptwithadatapoint.
ThepointisprojectedontotheAccuDrawdrawingplane.
9.AddmorepointsbysnappingtoelementsintheACSplanetoprojectthe
pointstotheAccuDrawdrawingplane.
ModuleReview
Nowthatyouhavecompletedthismodule,letsmeasurewhatyouhavelearned.
Questions
AccuDraw in 3D
Whenyouplaceelementsina3Dfile,onwhatplanearetheyplacedby
default?
HowcanyoumovefocustotheAccuDrawwindow?
Whichviewrotationbestdisplaysamodel?
TrueorFalse:Whenyoucopyanelementin3D,itretainsitscurrent
orientation.
Whatistheminimumrequirementtodescribeaplanarsurface?
WhatdoestheAccuDrawshortcut<RA>do?
80
Sep-09
Basic3DSolids
ModuleOverview
ThismodulepresentstoolsforCurves,SolidsandSurfaces.Whenworkingwith
Solidsithelpstothinklikeasculptorwhostartsoutwithamassandcutsaway
whatisnotneeded.Ofcourse,indigital3Dyoucanaddjustaseasily.
ModulePrerequisites
Knowledgeof3DtoolsinMicroStation
Knowledgeof2DDrawingtoolsinMicroStation
ModuleObjectives
Sep-09
Usenew3Dmodificationandcreationworkflows
Useexistingandnew3DPrimitives
Applynewfeaturesofexistingtools
121
Basic 3D Solids
Questions
1
NametheAccuDrawshortcutusedtocyclethroughrotations.
What3Dprimitiveletsyoucreateaboxshapedobject?
WhatisFeatureModeling?
Answers
1
E.
Thisshortcutwillcyclethroughallorthogonalrotations.
PlaceSlab.
FeatureModelingtoolsletyoucreateparametricfeaturebasedsolids.
Thatis,aparametricsolidthatiscreatedfromoneormorefeatures.Each
partofasolidsmodelcreatedwiththesetoolsisafeature.Parameters
usedtocreatethefeaturesarestoredinthedesignandmaybeedited.
3DWorkflows
All3Dmodelingtoolsnowhaveaunifiedworkflowthatcoversthatwaythatyou
selectitemsforcreationandmodification,andhowyoucanmodifythem
interactively.
Forexample,youcannowselectedgesandfacesofsolidsandsurfacesfor
modificationwithElementSelection.Typically,selectingedges,faces,orvertices,
forsolidsandsurfacesisasfollows:
Basic 3D Solids
Generallyselectsingleitemswithadatapoint,anduseCtrl+databutton
foradditionalitems.
Facesselectthesolid/surfacefirst,andthendynamicsletyouselectface(s).
BackFacessnaptoanedgeorvertexofabackface.
Edges/Verticesdirectselection,orthroughdynamicselection.
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Sep-09
3D Workflows
Interactivehandlestocontrol3Dobjectsduringcreation
Interactivehandlesletyoucontrolaspectsof3Dobjectsduringcreation.For
example,youcanreversethedirectionofsurfacenormalsinteractively,during
constructionoffillets,byclickingthedirectionhandles.
SolidsModelingTask
ContainsbasicDrawingtoolsplus3Dspecifictoolsforcreatingprimitivesolids,
extrusions,revolutions,convertingsolidstosurfacesandviceversa,andtheDraw
onSolidandModifySolidEntitytools.
ThefirsttoolintheSolidsModelingtask,PlaceSmartLineinitially,isalsoa
memberoftheDrawingtask.Whenyoupresstheleftmousebuttonoverthe
tool,youseeadropdownmenufromwhichatoolintheDrawingtaskcanbe
selected.TheDrawingtaskcanbeopenedasafloatingtoolboxbyselectingOpen
AsToolBoxfromthedropdownmenu.
WhenatoolisselectedintheDrawingtask,thetoolautomaticallybecomesthe
topiconofthechildtaskintheSolidsModelingtask.
Hint:PressF4toseethecurrenttasksatthepointer.
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Basic 3D Solids
3D Workflows
SurfaceModelingtasks
ThesetaskscontaintheDrawingtoolbox,plustasksforconstruction,and
modificationofsurfacesandmeshelements.
Basic 3D Solids
124
Sep-09
3D Workflows
FeatureBasedSolidsModelingtasks
MicroStationhasadvancedsolidsmodelingconstructionandmodificationtools
forparametricmodelingusingFeaturetrees.ThesearecontainedintheFeature
BasedSolidsModelingtask.
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125
Basic 3D Solids
3D Primitive Solids
AlternateDisplayoptionsexistfortheTaskNavigationdialog.Rightclickonthe
nameofataskinthedialogitselforselectaniconfromtheiconsdisplayedaside
oftheTaskname.
ListoptionisusefulwhenlearninganewtaskandPaneloptionexposesalltools.
3DPrimitiveSolids
Many3Dsolidscanbecreatedfrom1ormoreofthePrimitiveSolidsmodels
locatedintheSolidsModelingTask.Theprimitivemodelsavailableincludethe
Slab,Pyramid,Sphere,Cylinder,Cone,EllipticalCone,Ellipsoid,Torus,Wedge,
andPolyhedron.
3DSurfacePrimitiveshavebeenmovedtotheSurfaceTask.
EachtoolsettinghastheMethod,Axisandrequiredparameterstocreatethe
specificPrimitiveSolids:
Basic 3D Solids
Method:CreationbyVertex,Edge,Face,Inscribe,Circumscribed,Center,
Edge,orDiameter.
Axis:Letsyouchoosehowtheaxisfortheelementisdefined.Youcanselect
fromPoints(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,orZ,orDrawingX,Y,orZ.Screenis
directionoftheheightissettothescreen'sX,Y,orZaxis.Drawingisdirection
oftheheightissettothedrawing's,ormodel's,X,Y,orZaxis
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Sep-09
3D Primitive Solids
Othersettingsarespecificforeachtool.
Hint:Althoughtheprimitivesdimensionscanbespecifiedinthetoolsettings,for
placingasingleprimitiveitisgenerallyquickertotypethesedistancesintothe
AccuDrawwindow.
SlabSolid
Probablythemostusefulofallprimitives,thePlaceSlabtoolcanbeusedtodraw
anycubicobject.Usingthistool,youcanconstructaboxshapedsolidorsurface.
Elementspecifictoolsettingsareasfollows.
Axis:Points(AccuDraw),ScreenX,Y,Z,DrawingX,Y,Z
Orthogonal:Whenenabled,thesidesareperpendiculartothebase.
Length:Ifon,specifiesthelength.
Width:Ifon,specifiesthewidth.
Height:Ifon,specifiestheheight.
SlabsplacedasSolid
PlaceSphere
Withthistool,youcanconstructaspherewith2datapoints.Elementspecific
toolsettingsareasfollows.
Sep-09
Method:Center,Edge,Diameter
127
Basic 3D Solids
3D Primitive Solids
Radius:Whenon,specifiestheRadius.
PlaceCylinder
Acylinderisdefinedby3datapoints,thecenterofitsradius,thentheradius,and
finallytheheight.Elementspecifictoolsettingsareasfollows.
Orthogonal:Ifon,thecenterlineofthecylinderisperpendiculartothebase.
Radius:Ifon,specifiestheradius.
Hint:YoucanusetheModifyElementtooltorepositionthebaseortopofcylinders.
PlaceCone
SimilartothePlaceCylindertool,thePlaceConetoolrequiresafourthdatapoint
todefinetheTopradiusofthecone.Aconewithitsapexcutoffbyaplane
paralleltoitsbaseiscalledatruncatedconeorfrustum.
Basic 3D Solids
Orthogonal:Ifon,thecenterlineoftheconeisperpendiculartothebase.
TopRadius:Ifon,specifiesthetopradius.
BaseRadius:Ifon,specifiesthebaseradius.
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Sep-09
3D Primitive Solids
PlaceTorus
Atorusisarounddoughnutshapedobjectthatisdefinedby4datapoints;the
startpoint,thecenterpoint,thesweepangle,andthesecondaryradius.The
primaryradiusistheonethetorusissweptaroundandisthedistancebetween
thestartpointandthecenterpoint.Thesecondaryradiusdefinestheinner
radius,ortheradiusofthetoruscircularsection.
PrimaryRadius:Ifon,specifiestheprimaryradius.
SecondaryRadius:Ifon,specifiesthesecondaryradius.
Angle:Ifon,specifiesthesweepangle.
PlaceWedge
Awedgeisconstructedbyrevolvingarectangularsectionaboutanaxis.Itis
definedby4datapoints.Thefirstdatapointdefinesacornerofthewedge,the
seconddatapointdefinesthecenterpointofthewedgeandthepointtorotate
about,thethirddatapointdefinesthesweepangleandthefourthdatapoint
definestheheightofthewedge.
Sep-09
129
Basic 3D Solids
3D Primitive Solids
Triangular:Determinestheshapeofthewedge.Ifon,theouterfaceisflat(a
chordofthesweptsurface).Ifoff,theouterfaceisrounded.
Radius:Ifon,specifiestheradius.
Angle:Ifon,specifiestheangle.
PlacePyramidSolid
Amultisidedpyramidwithequalsidesorarectangularpyramidcanbecreated
withthisnewprimitivesolid.
Method:Inscribed,Circumscribes,ByEdge,andRectangle
Orthogonal:Whenenabled,thesidesareperpendiculartothebase.
Edges:Youcancreatefrom3to63edges.
TheimageonleftshowsInscribed,Circumscribed,ByEdgemethodandimageonrightshowsRectanglemethod
Exercise:DrawaPyramidSolid
1
OpenBasic_Solids.dgnandopenthemodelnamed01_3DPrimitives.
MaketheSolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog.
SelectPyramidSolid(E+2)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Method:Inscribed
Basic 3D Solids
130
Sep-09
3D Primitive Solids
Axis:Points(AccuDraw)
Edges:5
Orthogonal:Enabled
4
EnterCenterPoint:ClickanywhereinviewandsetAccuDrawrotationto
(T).
Definebaseradius:Movecursor40unitsinpositiveXdirection.
Defineheight:Movecursor80unitsinpositiveZdirection.
Definetopradius:Movecursor20unitsinpositiveXdirection.
WhenOrthogonalisdisabled,youcancreateskewedPyramidSolids,wherethe
sidesandheightarenotrestrictedtobeingperpendiculartobaseradius.
Whenallsettingsareenabled,youmerelydefinethedirectionofeach
dimension.ThisisusefulwhenyouwanttoplaceanumberofPyramidSolidswith
thesamedimensionvalues.Iftheyareallidentical,theCopytoolcanbeused
afterplacingthefirstslab.
EllipticalConeSolid
Thistoolisusedtoplaceanellipticalconesolid,whichisatransitionsolid
betweentwoellipses.TheresultingsolidisaSmartSolid.Toolsettingsare:
Sep-09
Orthogonal:Ifon,theelementisarightellipticalcone.
BasePrimaryRadius:Ifon,setstheprimaryaxisradiusforthebase.
BaseSecondaryRadius:Ifon,setsthesecondaryaxisradiusforthebase.
Height:Ifon,setstheheightoftheellipticalcone.
TopPrimaryRadius:Ifon,setstheprimaryaxisradiusforthetop.
TopSecondaryRadius:Ifon,setsthesecondaryaxisradiusforthetop.
131
Basic 3D Solids
3D Primitive Solids
Exercise:DrawaEllipticalConeSolidusingAccuDraw
1
ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,inthe01_3DPrimitivesmodel,withthe
SolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog,selectElliptical
ConeSolid(E+6)withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Orthogonal:Enabled
EnteradatapointanywhereinviewandsetAccuDrawrotationto(T).
Enterthebaseellipsecenterpoint.
Enteraprimaryradius(xaxis=20)andasecondaryradius(yaxis=40)to
createtheellipticalbase.
Enter(zaxis=80)todefinetheheightoftheEllipticalConeSolid.
AccuDrawautomaticallyswitchestothecorrectAccuDrawPlanerotation
inordertoentertheheight.
Forthetopellipseenteraprimaryradius(xaxis=40),secondaryradius
(yaxis=20)andfinaldatapointtocompletethesolidprimitive.
EllipsoidSolid
Thistoolisusedtoplaceanellipsoid,asoliddefinedbythreeradii.Anellipsoidis
atypeofquadricsurfacethatisahigherdimensionalanalogueofanellipse.
Exercise:DrawanEllipsoidPrimitiveSolidusingAccuDraw
1
SolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog,selectEllipsoid
PrimitiveSolid(E+7)withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Orthogonal:Enabled
Basic 3D Solids
132
Sep-09
3D Primitive Solids
EnteradatapointanywhereintheviewandsetAccuDrawrotationto(T).
Enterthebaseellipseprimaryradius(xaxis=40).
Enterasecondaryradius(yaxis=20)tocreatetheellipticalbase.
Enteratertiaryradius(zaxis=20).tocompletetheEllipsoidprimitive
solid.
AccuDrawautomaticallyswitchestothecorrectAccuDrawPlanerotation
inordertoenterthetertiaryradius.
RegularPolyhedron
Apolyhedron(pluralpolyhedraorpolyhedrons)isoftendefinedasageometric
objectwithflatfacesandstraightedgesofequallength.
Method:
VertexRadiusismeasuredfromthecenterofthepolyhedronto
eachvertex.
EdgeRadiusismeasuredfromthecenterofthepolyhedrontothe
midpointofeachedge.
FaceRadiusismeasuredfromthecenterofthepolyhedrontothe
centerofeachface.
Radius:Ifon,definestheRadiususedtoconstructthepolyhedron.
FaceNumber:Optionmenuthatletsyouselectthenumberoffacesforthe
polyhedron4,6,8,12,or20.
Sep-09
Exercise:DrawanPolyhedronPrimitiveSolidusingAccuDraw
133
Basic 3D Solids
Create Solids Toolbox
SolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog,select
Polyhedron(E+0)PrimitiveSolidwiththefollowingtoolsetting:
Method:Vertex
FaceNumber:20
Enteradatapointanywhereinview,settheAccuDrawrotationto(T),and
thendefinetheradiusandaxisforthePolyhedronprimitive.
CreateSolidsToolbox
TheCreateSolidsToolsincludeSolidbyExtrusion,SolidbyRevolution,Solidby
ExtrusionAlong,SolidbyThickenSurfaceandLinearSolid.
Ifyouneedtocreatecomplexorcurvedsolids,youcanoftencreatethemfroma
profileelement.Youcanextrudeaprofileinastraightline,alongaspecific3D
pathwithprofilerotationcontrol.
Basic 3D Solids
134
Sep-09
SolidByExtrusion
Thistoolisusedtoconstruct3Dsolidsfrom2Dprofiles.Itletsyouextrude,or
project,aplanar2Delementalonganaxistocreatea3Dobject.Thus,lines
becomeplanes,circlesbecomecylindersandblocksbecomeslabs.When
complexshapesorSmartLinesareusedastheprofiles,quitecomplexsolidsare
possible.ThereisanequivalenttoolintheSurfaceModelingtask.Available
elementtypesforextrusionare:
Line
Linestring
Arc
Ellipse
Shape
Text
Multiline
Complexchain
Complexshape
Bsplinecurve
Surfacesformedbetweentheoriginalprofileelementanditsextrusionare
indicatedbystraightlinesconnectingthekeypoints.
Toolsettingsareasfollows.
Sep-09
Orthogonal:Whenon,thesidesareperpendiculartotheplaneoftheprofile
element.
Distance:Whenon,definesthedistanceoftheprojectedextrusion.
BothDirections:Whenon,theextrusionisconstructedinbothdirections
fromtheprofile.
XScaleandYScale:Whenon,specifiesthescalingfactorfortheshapeasitis
beingprojected.Scalingisuniformaboutthepointatwhichtheshapeis
identified.
SpinAngle:Whenon,definestheanglethroughwhichthe2Delementrotates
(counterclockwise)abouttheaxisofprojection(maximum360).Tocorrectly
specifytherotation,youmustselecttheshapeatthepointaboutwhichthe
rotationistooccur.
135
Basic 3D Solids
Hint:WhenusingSpinAngleitisbesttoselectthecenteroftheprofileasthe
pivotpoint.
UseActiveAttributes:Whenon,thesurfaceorsolidofrevolutioniscreated
withtheelementusingtheactiveattributes.Whenoff,thesurfaceorsolidof
revolutioniscreatedwiththeelementtakingtheattributesoftheprofile
element.
KeepOriginal:Whenon,theoriginalprofileelementiskept.Whenoff,the
profileisdeleted.
Exercise:Extrudingaprofile
1
OpenBasic_Solids.dgn.
Openthemodel02_Extrude1.
Themodelispartofanobservationplatform.Profilesforthesupport
columnsarereadytobeextruded.
SelectSolidbyExtrusion(R+1),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Orthogonal:Enabled
Distance:Enabledandsetto3.0
Allotheroptions:Disabled
Followingthestatusbarprompt,intheIsometricview,identifyprofilein
thelowerleft.
Movethepointerabovetheprofilesotheextrusionisupward,andaccept
withadatapoint.
Youcanextrudemultipleprofiles,inasingleoperation,byfirstselecting
theprofileswiththeElementSelectiontool.
Basic 3D Solids
Exercise:Extrudingmultipleprofiles
1
ContinuingBasic_solids.dgn,inthemodel02_Extrude1,selectElement
Selection(1)fromtheMaintoolboxwithmodesettoBlockandmethod
settoAdd.
IntheIsometricview,drawablockaroundtheremaining3column
profiles.
SelectSolidbyExtrusion(R+1)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
136
Sep-09
Orthogonal:Enabled
Distance:3.00
4
Allothersettings:Disabled
Enteradatapointtoaccepttheselectionset.
Movethepointerabovetheprofilessothattheextrusionisupwards,
snaptoacceptthisdirection.
Extrusionsmayhaveascaleappliedtothem,oraspinangle,orboth.
Exercise:ExtrudingwithSpinAngleandScaling
1
ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,openthemodel03_Extrude2.
SelectSolidbyExtrusion(R+1),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Orthogonal:Enabled
Distance:Enabledandsetto8
SpinAngle:Enabledandsetto45
Sep-09
IntheIsometricview,snaptothecenteroftheleftprofile.
137
Basic 3D Solids
Movethepointerupwardandacceptwithadatapoint.
Changethefollowingtoolsettings:
SpinAngle:Disabled
XScale:Enabledandsetto0.75
YScale:Enabledandsetto0.75
Basic 3D Solids
Identifythecenterofthecenterprofile.
138
Sep-09
Movethepointerupwardtoextrudeinthatdirectionandacceptwitha
datapoint.
EnableSpinAngleandsetitto45.
Identifythecenteroftherightprofileandextrudeitupward.
WithOrthogonalenabled,allextrusionsareperpendiculartotheplaneofthe
elementbeingextruded.Thepositionofthepointermerelydefineswhetherthe
projectionisupordownfromtheprofile.IfyoudisabledOrthogonal,youcan
definetheextrusiontobeinanydirection.
SolidByRevolution
Whenyourequireacurvedcircularextrusion,youcanusetheConstruct
Revolutiontool.AswiththeExtrudetool,thistoolalsoisusedtoconstruct3D
solidsorsurfacesfrom2Dprofiles.Ineffect,aprofileisrevolvedaboutanaxisto
createasolidorsurface.Availableelementtypesforcurvedcircularextrusion
are:
Sep-09
Line
139
Basic 3D Solids
Linestring
Arc
Ellipse
Shape
Complexchain
Complexshape
Bsplinecurve
Toolsettingsforthistoolareasfollows.
Axis:Definesthedirectionoftheaxisaboutwhichtherevolutionis
performed.Optionsare:Points(AccuDraw);ScreenX,Y,orZ;DrawingX,Y,or
Z.
Angle:Definesthesweepangleoftherevolution(abouttheaxis).
UseActiveAttributes:Whenon,thesurfaceorsolidofrevolutioniscreated
withtheelementusingtheactiveattributes.Whenoff,thesurfaceorsolidof
revolutioniscreatedwiththeelementtakingtheattributesoftheprofile
element.
KeepOriginal:Whenon,theoriginalprofileelementiskept.Whenoff,the
profileisdeleted.
Inthenextexercise,youwillrotateaprofileofarocketnozzle360degrees
aroundanaxistocreateasolid.
Exercise:Createasolidbyrevolvingaprofile
1
ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,openthemodel04_Revolution1.
SelectSolidbyRevolution(R+2)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Angle:360
Othersettings:Disabled
Basic 3D Solids
IntheIsometricview,identifytheprofile.
140
Sep-09
Snaptothetopofthedashdotlineatandacceptwithadatapoint.
Theproposedsolidisdisplayed.Notethatthepointernowcontrolsthe
axisoftherevolution.Asyoumoveittheradiuschangesandthesolid
changesinsize.YoucanchangetheaxisplaneusingAccuDrawshortcuts.
Thepointercontrolsthelocationoftheaxis.
Sep-09
141
Basic 3D Solids
Snaptothebottomofthedashdotlineatandacceptwithadatapoint.
Thesolidiscompleted.
6
InView4,clicktheViewDisplayModeviewcontrolandchangethe
displaymodetoSmooth.
YoucanturnoffthelevelDefaulttoremovethecenterline.
SelectFile>Close.
UsingtheConstructRevolutiontool,youcancreatecomplexcurved3Dsolids
froma2Dshapeorcomplexshape.Equally,youcanrevolveanopenelement,
suchasalinestringoranarctocreateacurvedsurface.
SolidByThickenSurface
Thistoolisusedtoaddthicknesstoanexistingsurfacetocreateasolid,by
thickeningitinthedirectionofthesurfacenormals.Uponidentifyingthesurface,
anarrowdisplaysshowingthedistanceanddirectionofthethickeningthatwill
beadded.IfAddToBothSidesison,arrowsdisplayinbothdirections.If
Thicknessisnotturnedon,thenthickeningisaddedgraphically,withtheamount
ofthickeningdefinedbythescreenpointer.Toolsettingsare:
Basic 3D Solids
AddToBothSides:Ifon,thethicknessvalueisaddedtobothsidesofthe
surface.
Thickness:Ifon,setsthethicknessvaluethatisaddedtothesurface.
FaceOnly:Ifon,letsyouselectanindividualfaceofasolidorsurface.
142
Sep-09
FullDynamics:Ifon,displaysapreview.Onlargesurfaces,thedisplaymay
takealongtime.Turningthetoggleoffwillreducethegenerationtime.
KeepOriginal:Ifon,theoriginalprofileelementisretained.
HowtouseSolidByThickenSurface:
1.SelecttheSolidbyThickenSurfacetool.
2.TurnonThickness.
3.IntheThicknessfield,enterthevalueforthethickening.
4.Ifnecessary,turnonAddToBothSides.
5.Identifythesurface.
6.Thesurfacehighlights.Anarrow(s)displays,showingthedistanceandto
whichside(s)thethicknesswillbeadded.
7.IfAddToBothSidesisoff,movethepointer,usingthearrowsasaguide,to
selectthesideforthickening.
8.Accept.
LinearSolid
Thistoolisusedtocreateawalllikesolid(withrectangularsection)bydefiningits
alignmentdirection.
Exercise:LinearSolid
1
ContinuinginBasic_Solids.dgn,openthemodel05_LinearSolid.
SelectLinearSolid(R+5)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Placeby:Center
Width:0.5
Sep-09
143
Basic 3D Solids
Height:3
4
Basic 3D Solids
Enteradatapointinanyviewanddrawthefloorplanasdimensionedin
thefollowingimage.
144
Sep-09
Challenge Exercises
ChallengeExercises
Exercise:Drawadoorandhardware
CreateanewmodelinAccuDraw_3D.dgn.Setworkingunitssettom
(MU)andcm(SU)andworkonlyintheIsometricview.
UsethePlaceSlabtooltocreatethesoliddoor,2.5mtall,5cmthickand
75cmwide(Frontorientation).
Place2.5cmdiametercylindersforthehinges(7.5cmlongstarting15cm
fromthetopandbottom)withthecenterofthehingeontheedgeofthe
door.
UsethePlaceSphereandPlaceCylindertoolstocreatethedoorknob
(5cmdiameterspheresonbothsideswitha2.5cmdiametercylinder,
15cmlong,connectingthem).Placethedoorknobassembly5cmfromthe
edgeofthemidpointofthedoor.
Exercise:Drawafloorlamp
Theliparoundtheshadeisatoruswithaprimaryradius
of30cmandsecondaryradiusof2.5cm.Itisplacedfrom
anedgeoftheshade.
TheShadeisasurfaceConewithaBaseradiusof5cm,heightof22.5cm
andTopradiusof30cm.
ThePoleisaCylinderthatis195cmhighand5cmindiameter.
TheBaseisCylinderwitharadiusof22.5cmandheightof5cm.
Sep-09
145
Basic 3D Solids
ModuleReview
Questions
1
TrueorFalse:PrimitiveSolidstoolsalsoletyoucreateaPrimitiveSurface.
WhichofthefollowingcanbeusedwiththeSolidbyExtrusioncommand?
a.LineStrings
b.Circles
c.BSplineCurves
d.Shapes
e.Alloftheabove
TrueorFalse:WhenyouuseSolidbyThickenSurface,youmustthicken
thesurfaceinaperpendiculardirectiontothesurface(inthedirectionof
asurfacenormal).
Howdoyouselectthebackfaceona3Dmodel?
TrueorFalse.ThenewPolyhedronPrimitivesolidhasanunlimited
numberoffacesoption.
Answers
Sep-09
False.TocreatePrimitiveSurfaceyoumustusetheSurfaceModelingtask.
e.Alloftheabove,plusmanymoretypesaswell.
True.Youcanonlythickeninthedirectionofasurfacenormal.
Whenselectingafacewithinatoolsequenceselectavisiblefacethen
movethecursortoacommonedgeandselectthisedgeusingatentative
snap,whichwillselectthecoincidentface.
ThePolyhedronPrimitiveSolidislimitedto4,6,8,12,and20faces.
146
Basic 3D Solids
AdvancedSolidModeling
ModuleOverview
Complexsolidscanbecreatedbyusingadditionaltoolsforsolidcreationand
modification.
Startingwithbasicsolidsorsurfaces,youcanaddfinishingtouchessuchasfillets
andchamfers.Youcanuseaplanarclosedshapeoropenelementasaprofileto
createacutoutineitherasurfaceorasolid.UsetheShellSolidtooltocreatea
hollowsolidwithdefinedwallthickness.YoucanalsoexecuteBooleanoperation
onSolids.
ModulePrerequisites
KnowledgeofAccuDraw
KnowledgeofSolidPrimitives
ModuleObjectives
Sep-09
UseandapplytheSolidConstructiontools
UseandapplytheSolidModificationtools
Modifyaface,edge,orvertex,ofasolid
Removeoneormorefacesfromasolid
Taperthefaceofasolid
Constructasolidfromtheunion,intersectionordifferenceof2ormoresolids
Placeacutinasolid
147
Advanced Solid Modeling
Filletorchamfertheedge(s)ofasolid
Edit3Dprimitives
Questions
1
HowdoyouplaceaBspline?
TrueorFalse:Whenyouchangetheorderofacurveitcanbechangedto
anorderthatishigherthanthenumberofpointsusedtoplacethecurve.
Whichviewrotationbestdisplaysamodel?
Answers
1
ABsplineisdefinedbyplacingcontrolpoints,orpoles,withaminimumof
3polesrequired.
False.Itcannotbechangedtoanorderthatishigherthanthenumberof
pointsusedtoplacethecurve.
Isometric(orRightIso).
WorkingArea
Solidsmodelingrequiresgreateraccuracythanthatrequiredforsurface
modeling.TheSolidssettingintheWorkingAreassectionoftheDGNFileSettings
dialogsAdvancedUnitSettingsdialog(Settings>DesignFile,WorkingUnits
category)letsyousetaworkingareathatdeterminesthedegreeofaccuracyfor
solidscalculations.
TheParasolidsolidmodelingkernelsusedbyMicroStationrequirecoordinate
dataatafixedprecision.Inordertoguaranteeenoughprecisionisavailable,
MicroStationdefinesthesolidsworkingarea.
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Working Area
Thesizeofthesolidsmodelingareacanbeincreased,butdoingsowillreducethe
availableprecision.Itdefinesanupperboundthatlimitstheextentsofanysingle
solidsothatitcanbemodeledtoafixedprecision.Thisprecisionvalueis
displayedintheAdvancedUnitSettingsdialogasSolidsAccuracy.
ThesettingsthatyouusedependonwhetheryourequirecompatibilitywithV7
projectsornot.Forbestresults,intheResolutionsection,setstorageunitto
Meter.IntheWorkingAreas(eachaxis)Solidssection,forV8projectsInput1
(Kilometer)andforV7projectsInput0.
ForV8projects,thiswillsettheSolidsAccuracyto1E008,whichalsoisthe
Parasolidsdefault.IfyouthenmakeanychangestotheResolutionsetting,
changingtheSolidsvaluebackto1KilometerwillrestoretheSolidsAccuracyto
1E008.
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Solids Modeling Task
SolidsModelingTask
TheSolidsModelingtaskcontainsthetoolsforconstructionandmodification.
PanelviewoftheSolidsModelingtask
CreateSolids,ModifySolids,andSolidUtilitytools
SolidByExtrusionAlong
TheSolidByExtrusionAlongtoolisusedtoconstruct3Dsolidsfrom2Dprofiles
extrudedalongacurvecalledapath.ItreplacestheExtrudeAlongPathtool.
Youcancreatesolidsbyextrudingprofilesalongapathelementthattheprofile
elementistofollowasitisextruded.Whenusingaprofile,youcanspecifythat
theextrusionisattachedtothepathelement,orthatitusesthepathelementto
definethedirectionoftheextrusionfromthecurrentlocationoftheprofile.
Thistoolcanbeusedtocreateitemssuchasroofs,pipework,ductwork,or
handrails.Youcancreatetheextrusionwithaprofileorbyspecifyingtheoutside
andtheinsideradii,whereacircularsolidorahollowpipeisbeingconstructed.
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WhenCircularisselectedforextrusions,theendsarecapped.
Theprofilerotationcanbedeterminedbythecurvegeometryortheprofilemay
belockedinaspecificdirection.Thistoolalsopermitsselfintersectinggeometry,
butwhenthisconditionexists,timeforcreationisslower.
ForthosethathaveusedpriorversionsyouwillnoticetheabsenceofthePathto
ProfileandProfiletoPathAttachmentoptionswhicharenolongeravailablein
theMicroStationV8iversion.Afterselectingaprofile,youhaveasmallballthatis
theChangeStartPoint.Thispointcanbedraggedtomodifythestartofthepath,
givingyouthesamefunctionalityaspreviousversionsforPathtoProfileorProfile
toPath.
Availableelementtypesforextrusionare:
Ellipse
Shape
Text
Multiline
Complexchain
Complexshape
Bsplinecurve
Openelementsarenotvalid,astheywouldproduceaSurface.Ifyouneedan
openelement,usetheSurfacebyExtrusionAlongcommand,fromtheSurface
Modelingtask.
Toolsettingsareasfollows:
Alignment:Determinestheorientationoftheprofileelementasitis
extruded.
Sep-09
NormalAstheprofileisextruded,itmaintainsafixedrelationship
withthenormalplaneofthepath.
151
ParallelAstheprofileelementisextruded,itremainsaligned
paralleltoitsoriginalposition.
Scale:Whenenabled,andvalueisenteredyouarepromptedtoenterthe
scalepoint,thepointthattheresultisscaledabout.
Spin:Whenon,definestheanglethroughwhichthe2Delementrotates
(counterclockwise)abouttheaxisofprojection(maximum360).
Hint:WhenusingSpinAngleitisbesttoselectthecenteroftheprofileasthe
pivotpoint.
LockProfileRotation:Whenyouneedtokeeptheendprofileinthesame
positionasthestartprofileenabletheLockProfileRotationoption.Here
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youselectthepath,profileorface,andthenyoumustselectthestartof
thelockdirectionandtheendpointofthelockeddirection.
ProfileonleftcreatedwithLockProfileRotationdisabledandonrightwithLockProfileRotationenabled
ThisdirectionisanupvectorindicatingthepositioninaCartesian
coordinatesystem.
Theupvector,whichdeterminestherotationdirectionstartandendpointforaLockedProfileRotation
Circular:Whenthisoptionisenabledaprofileisnotnecessaryto
completeconstruction.Youmustalsoenteraninsideandoutsideradiusto
completeconstruction.
SolidByExtrusionAlongwithCircularoption.
OnLeftpathandonrightresultswithinsideandoutsidediameters.
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153
AllowSelfIntersection:Ifthecurvatureofthepathistoosmallforthe
profiletobesweptthroughthepathduetoaselfintersectionofthe
profilethenyoucanEnableAllowSelfIntersection.
KeepPath:Whenon,theoriginalpathelementiskept.Whenoff,thepath
isdeleted.
KeepProfile:Whenon,theoriginalprofileelementiskept.Whenoff,the
profileisdeleted.
Exercise:SolidByExtrusionAlongwithLockProfileRotation
1
OpenAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthe01_Extrusionmodel,withtheSolids
ModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog,
SelectSolidByExtrusionAlong(R+3)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Alignment:Normal
Enable:LockProfileRotation
Allothersdefault.
Selectthehelicalpathatthestartpointandthensnaptothemiddle
bottomoftheprofilewhereitintersectsthehelicalpath,thenacceptthe
profile.
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Sep-09
Placethestartpointofthelockdirectionatthebottomofthepathand
theendpointofthelockeddirection(upvector)inthedirectionoftheaxis
ofthepath.
5
Acceptwithadatapoint.
Exercise:SolidByExtrusionAlongwithSpinAngle
1
ContinueinAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel02_Extrusion.
MaketheSolidsModelingtaskactiveintheTaskNavigationdialog.You
willcreateoneofthecuttingbladespicturedintheimagebelow.
SelectSolidByExtrusionAlong(R+3)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Alignment:Normal
EnableSpin:Setangleto60degrees.
KeepPath:Enabled
OtherSettings:Disabled
Sep-09
Selectthestraightlineforthepathandtheclosedshapefortheprofile
Selectpathandprofile.
155
Youwillnowusethistooltocreateapipe.
Exercise:Extrudepipe
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel03_ExtrudePipe.
SelectSolidbyExtrusionAlong(R+3)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Circular:Enabled
InsideRadius:Enabledandsetto140
OutsideRadius:Enabledandsetto143
IntheIsometricview,identifythedashedpathelementwithadatapoint
anywherealongitslength.
Acceptwithadatapointtoviewtheconstruction.
Dependingonsystemspecifications,thismaytakeafewseconds.
Theproposedpipeiscalculatedanddisplayed.
Accepttheconstructionwithaseconddatapoint.
Thecircularpipeextrudedalongthepathelement.
Whenusingaprofileasthetemplatefortheextrusion,youcancreatethe
extrusiondirectlyfromthepositionoftheprofileelement,offsetfromthepath
element,orcreatetheextrusionbyattachingtheprofiletothepathelement.
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Sep-09
Exercise:Createextrusionswithotheroptions
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel04_ExtrudeDuct.
SelectSolidbyExtrusionAlong(R+3),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Alignment:Normal
Allothers:Disabled
Sep-09
Identifythelowerdashedpathelementwithadatapoint,anywherealong
itslength.
Identifythesquaregreenprofileandacceptwithadatapointtoseethe
construction.
Acceptwithadatapoint,toviewtheextrusion.
157
Theproposedextrusioniscalculatedanddisplayed.
6
Identifythemiddledashedpathelementwithadatapoint,anywhere
alongitslength.
Identifythearcgreenprofileatoneofitsendpointsandacceptwitha
datapointtoseetheconstruction.
Accepttheconstructionwithadatapoint.
Selecttheupperdashedpathandthenselecttheellipticalsolid.
10 Selectthebackface(largerellipse)toextrude.
11 Enteradatapointtoacceptconstruction.
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Sep-09
12 FitViewtoseetheextrusion.
Remember,whererequired,youcanspecifythattheextrusionisattachedtothe
pathelement.Youdothisbymovingthe,atthepointonitthatyouwantattached
tothepathelement.
Exercise:Createanextrusionattachedtothepathelement
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel05_Extrude
Handrails.
SelectSolidbyExtrusionAlong(R+3)withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Alignment:Normal
Sep-09
Identifythegreenpathelementwithadatapoint,anywherealongits
length.
InView2,selecttheleftredprofileelement.
Enteradatapointtoviewtheproposedextrusion.
Accepttheconstructionwithadatapoint.
Repeatthisproceduretoconstructahandrailalongtheyellowpath,using
View3tosnaptotherightredprofile.
159
Usetheviewcontrolstools,suchasRotateandZoomIn/Out,toinspect
theconstruction.
Afterextrudingthehandrails
Observingtheotherviews,youcanverifythattheextrusionfollowsthe
alignmentofthepathelementexactly.
ExtraExercise:Extrudingaroadcrosssection
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodelEXTRA_Extrude
Bridge.
UsetheBridgeCrosssectionandcenter,cyan,pathelementtocreatethe
bridge.
Usethe3GuardRailcrosssectionsandthecyanpathelementstocreate
theguardrails.
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Sep-09
ShellSolidtool
YoucanusetheShellSolidtooltohollowoutasolid,leavingitwithwallsofa
definedthickness.Wherenecessary,youcanspecifythat1ormorefacesare
removedtocreateanopening.Toolsettingsforthistoolareasfollows.
ShellThickness:Setsthewallthicknessfortheremainingfacesoftheshelled
solid.
ShellOutward:Ifon,materialisaddedtotheoutsideoftheexistingsolid.The
existingsoliddefinestheinsideofthewallsoftheshelledsolid.
Selecting/deselectingfacesforremoval
Afterselectingthesolidforshelling,asyoumovethepointeroverit,theface
nearestthepointerhighlights.Enteringadatapointselectsthedashed
highlightedface,whichthenremainshighlighted.Toselectadditionalfaces,hold
downtheCtrlkeyandmovethepointeroverthesolidtohighlighttheface.You
thencanuseCtrldatapointstoselectadditionalfacesforremoval.
Toselectafacethatisbehindanotherfaceintheview,enteradatapoint,orCtrl
datapoint,ontheface,whichwillhighlightthenearestface.Thenresetuntilthe
requiredfacehighlights.
Resettingalsocanbeusedtodeselectthelastfaceselected.Subsequentresets
deselectfacesinthereverseorder.Thelastfaceselectedisthefirstface
deselected.
Inthefollowingexercises,youwillcreateshelledsolidsbothwithandwithout
openings.
Exercise:Createashelledsolidwithnoopenings
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel06_Shell1.
SelectShellSolid(T+5)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ShellThickness:15
ShellOutward:Disabled
Inanyview,identifythegreensolid.
Thesolidhighlights.Asyoumovethepointeroverthesolid,thevarious
faceshighlightinaheavierweightdashedline.
Sep-09
Movethepointerawayfromthesolid,sothatnofacesarehighlighted,
andenteradatapoint.
161
ClickonViewDisplayModeandselect:
Mode:HiddenLine
Thesolidishollowedout.Astherearenoopenings,renderingtheview
woulddisplayonlytheoutsidesurface.
SelectEdit>Undo.
Exercise:Createashelledsolidwiththetopandfrontfaceremoved
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel06_Shell1,selectShell
Solid(T+5)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ShellThickness:15
IntheIsometricview,identifythegreensolidwithadatapoint.
Movethepointeroverthesoliduntilthetopfacehighlights,andthen
enteradatapoint.
Thetopfacenowishighlightedasaheavierweightsolidline.
4
PressCtrlandselectthefrontface.
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Sep-09
Thesolidisshelledandthetopfaceremoved.
6
SetView4sViewDisplayModetoSmoothandusetheviewcontrols
tools,suchasRotateandZoomIn/Out,toinspecttheconstruction.
Youcanuseanyviewtohighlightthefaces.Forexample,ifyoumovethepointer
intotheTopview,thetopfaceisnearestthepointerandisselectedimmediately.
Generally,arotatedview,suchastheIsometric,iseasiertousebecauseyoucan
seeexactlywhichsurfaceishighlighted.Additionalsurfacescanbeaddedbyusing
theCtrlkeyandacceptingwithadatapoint.
Ifasolidhasroundingand/oroneormoreholesthroughit,theShellSolidtool
recognizestheseandshellsaroundthemaccordingly.
Warning:Iftheroundingradiusissmallerthantheoffsetradius,itcannotbeoffsetandwill
notshell.
Exercise:Shellasolidcontainingroundingandholes
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel07_Shell2.
SelectShellSolid(T+5)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
ShellThickness:5
Sep-09
Identifythegreensolidwithadatapoint.
163
Movethepointeroverthesoliduntilthetopsurfacehighlights,andthen
enteradatapoint.
Thetopsurfaceofthesolidhighlighted.
5
Acceptwithadatapointtocompletetheshelling.
Thesolidaftershellingandremovingthetopsurface
SetView4sViewDisplayModetoSmoothandusetheviewcontrols
tools,suchasRotateandZoomIn/Out,toinspecttheconstruction.
UsingtheShellSolidtoolcansaveyouconsiderablemodelingtime,
particularlywhenthedesignhasuniformthicknesswalls,asinthe
previousexample.
Workingintheoppositedirection,youcancreatesolidsfromsurfaceelements.
Earlier,youusedtheExtrudetooltocreateasolidfromaplanarsurface.Ifthe
existingsurfaceisnotplanar,however,theextrudetoolwillnotwork.Inthese
cases,youcanuseSolidbyThickenSurface.
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Sep-09
SolidbyThickenSurfacetool
YoucanusetheSolidbyThickenSurfacetooltoaddthicknesstoanexisting
planarornonplanarsurface,thuscreatingasolid.Uponidentifyingthesurface,
anarrowdisplaysshowingthedistanceanddirectionofthethickeningtobe
added.IfAddToBothSidesison,arrowsdisplayinbothdirections.
IfThicknessisnotturnedon,thenthickeningisaddedgraphically,withthe
amountofthickeningdefinedbythecursor.IfAddToBothSidesisoffinthese
casesthenthescreenpointeralsodefinesthedirectionofthethickening.Tool
settingsareasfollows.
AddToBothSides:Ifon,thethicknessvalueisaddedtobothsidesofthesurface.
Thickness:Ifon,thevalueinthefielddeterminestheamountofthickening
added.
FaceOnly:Ifon,letsyouselectanindividualfaceofasolidorsurface.
FullDynamics:Ifon,displaysapreview.Onlargesurfaces,displaymaytakealong
time.Turningthetoggleoffwillreducethegenerationtime.
KeepOriginal:Ifon,theoriginalsurfaceisretained.
Inthefollowingexercise,youwillextrudealinestringandthenthickenitto
createasectionofofficepartitioning.
Warning:Thicknessmaybetoolargetopermitthesolidsurfacetobeoffset,sincethesolid
wouldoverlapitself.Thistooldoesnotallowforselfintersection.
Exercise:Drawashapeandaddthickness
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel08_Office.
Thismodelhas2officecubicles,withalinestringshowingthecenterline
fortheproposedpartitioning.
SelectSurfacebyExtrusion(SurfaceModelingTask,T+1),withthe
followingtoolsettings:
Orthogonal:Enabled
Sep-09
Inanyview,selecttheredlinestringandacceptwithadatapoint.
165
Movethepointerupwardtodirecttheextrusionupward,andacceptwith
adatapoint.
SelectThickentoSolid(SolidsModelingTask,R+4)withthefollowing
toolsettings:
AddToBothSides:Enabled
Thickness:Enabledandsetto25
Selecttheextrudedlineandacceptwithadatapoint.
Theshapehighlightsandarrowsappear,showingthedirectionandsizeof
thethickening.Becauseyouareaddingthicknesstobothsidesofthe
surface,youdonthavetoworryaboutthedirectionofthethickening.
ReplaceFace
TheReplaceFacetoolletsyoureplaceafaceofasolidwithaselectedsurface.
Theresultisasolidthathastheselectedsurfaceasoneofitsfaces.
HowtouseReplaceFace:
1.SelecttheReplaceFacetool.
2.Identifythesolid.
3.Selectthefacetobereplaced.
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Boolean tools
4.Identifythesurfaceandthefaceofthesurfacetobeusedasareplacement
face,ifnecessary,andaccept.
YoucanexperimentwiththemodelEXTRA_ReplaceFace.
Booleantools
Threetoolsinthe3DModifytoolboxletyouunite,intersect,orsubtractsolids.
Theyletyoucreateacomplexsolidfromtwoormoreexistingsolids.
UniteSolidstool
WiththeUniteSolidstool,youcanunite,intoasinglesolid,twoormore
overlappingsolidsorsolidsthathavecoincidentfaces.Thisisveryusefulfor
groupingseveralseparatesolidsintoasolid,fromwhichthefinishedmodelcan
beproduced.
Inthetoolsettings,KeepOriginalsletsyouchoosetoretaininthemodeltheFirst,
Last,All,orNone.
All:Alloftheoriginalsolidsareretained.
First:Thefirstsolididentifiedisretained.
Sep-09
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Boolean tools
Last:Thelastsolididentifiedisretained.
None:Noneoftheoriginalsolidsareretained.
Whenconstructingaunionofsolids,youcanusetheElementSelectiontoolto
selectthesolidsfirst,orselectthetoolfirst,thenthesolids.
Whenyouusethefirstmethod,thecoloroftheresultingsolidisthatofthe
(selected)solidthatwasplacedinthefilefirst.Whenyouusethesecondmethod,
thecoloroftheresultingsolidisthatofthefirstsolidselected.
Aswiththeotherexercises,youwillworkintheIsometricviewwhichdisplays
twocopiesofasimplewindowframe,eachcreatedfromeightslabs.
Exercise:ConstructtheunionofsolidsusingElementSelection
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel09_UniteSolid.
Youwillconsolidatetheseindividualsolidsintoasingleentity.First,you
willselectthesolidsusingElementSelection.
SelecttheElementSelectiontool(1)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Method:Block
Mode:New
IntheIsometric,Top,orFrontview,placetheblockaroundallelements
thatmakeupthewindowontheleft.
Theselectedsolidshighlight.
5
SelectUniteSolid(T+7)withKeepOriginalssettoNone.
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Boolean tools
Enteradatapointtoaccepttheunion.
Theseparatesolidsareunitedintoasinglesolid.Theresultingsolid(left)is
redbecauseoneoftheredslabswasplacedinthemodelbeforetheother
slabs.
Whenyouselectthesolidsindividually,thecolorofthefirstsolidselectedisthe
colorthatisusedforthecombinedsolid.
Exercise:Constructtheunionofsolids,selectingeachsolidseparately
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel09_UniteSolid,withthe
UniteSolidtool(T+7)stillactive,identifyoneofthegreenframe
membersinthewindowontherightwithadatapoint.
Theslabhighlights.
Identifytheremainingslabsthatmakeupthewindowwithdatapointsso
thatallarehighlighted.
Enteradatapointtoaccepttheconstruction.
Thesolidsareunitedintoasinglegreensolid.
Ifyouhappentomissoneormoreofthesolids,youcanrepeattheprocess,
addingthesolidsthatwereleftout,rememberingthatthefirstsolidchosen
definesthecoloroftheunitedsolid.
Sep-09
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Boolean tools
IntersectSolidstool
UsingtheIntersectSolidstool,youcancreateasolidofacommonvolumeoftwo
ormoreoverlappingsolids.
Inthetoolsettings,theKeepOriginalssettingletsyouchoosetoretaininthe
modeltheFirst,Last,All,orNoneoftheoriginalsolids.
Whenconstructinganintersectionofsolids,youcanselectthesolidsfirst,
followedbythetool,oryoucanselectthetoolfirst,thenthesolids.
Whenyouusethefirstmethod,thecoloroftheresultingsolidisthatofthe
(selected)solidthatwasplacedinthemodelfirst.Whenyouusethesecond
method,thecoloroftheresultingsolidisthatofthefirstsolidselected.
Whereyouhave2Delevationsofadesign,oftenyouwillbeabletousethemto
createextrusionsofeachelevation.FromthereyoucanusetheIntersectSolids
tooltocreatethefinishedsolid.
Inthefollowingexercise,youwillconstructa3Dchairfromtheintersectionof
extrusionscreatedfromitsfrontandsideviews.
Exercise:Createasolidfromtheintersectionof2existingsolids
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel10_Intersection.
Yousee2sectionalviewsofthechair.First,youwillextrudethese
sections.
2
SelectSolidbyExtrusion(R+1)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Orthogonal:Enabled
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Boolean tools
3
IntheTopview,identifythegreenshapeandextrudeittotheright.
Repeatthepreviousstepforthevioletshape,extrudingitupward.
SelectIntersectSolids(T+8)withKeepOriginalssettoNone.
Identifythegreenandvioletsolidswithdatapoints,inanyview.
Enteradatapointtocompletetheconstruction.
Theresultingsolidisgreenbecausethegreensolidwasthefirstchosen.
Smoothshadedviewofthecompletedchair.
Sep-09
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Boolean tools
SubtractSolidstool
WiththeSubtractSolidstool,youcansubtractfromasolidthevolumeofoneor
moreoverlappingsolids.Additionally,youcansubtractapartofasolidbacktoan
intersectingsurface.
Aswiththeotherbooleantools,thetoolsettingKeepOriginalsletsyouchooseto
retaininthemodeltheFirst,Last,All,orNoneoftheoriginalsolids.
Exercise:Constructthedifferencebetweensolids
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel11_Difference1.
Agreenconewithabluecylinderoverlappingitisdisplayed.
SelectSubtractSolids(T+9)withKeepOriginalssettoNone.
Withadatapoint,identifythegreensolid.
Withadatapoint,identifythebluecylinder.
Thebluecylinderhighlights.
Enteradatapointtocompletetheconstruction.
Before(left)andafter(right)subtractingthebluecylinderfromthegreensolid.
Ifyouwanttosubtractseveralsolids,youcanselectthemallpriorto
acceptingoruseCtrl+Datatoselecttheminthecommand.
6
TurnonthelevelTapCutoutsintheIsometricview.
Additionalredcylindersnowdisplay.
SelectSubtractSolids(T+9)withKeepOriginalssettoNone.
Identifythegreensolidwithadatapoint.
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Sep-09
Boolean tools
IdentifyoneoftheredcylindersandtherestwithCtrl+data,sothatthey
areallhighlighted.
10 Enteradatapointtocompletethesubtraction.
Ifmultiplesolidsaretobesubtracted,itisoftenquickertousetheElement
SelectiontooltoselectthemallpriortoselectingtheSubtractSolidstool.
Youcanusethesametooltosubtractpartofasolidbacktowhereasurface
intersectsit.Thiscanbeusefulforcreatingsolidgroundsurfaces.
Inthefollowingexercise,youwillsubtractpartofaslabbacktoaBsplinesurface
representingtheexistinggroundforaconstructionproject.Forthiskindof
construction,thepartofthesolidthatisretainedisdefinedbythesurface
normalsofthesurfaceelement.
Youcancheckthedirectionofthesurfacenormalsand,ifnecessary,reversethem
withtheChangeNormalDirectiontool.
Exercise:Subtractasolidbacktoasurface
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel12_Difference2.
ThemodelcontainsaslabandaBsplinesurface.
Sep-09
SelectChangeNormalDirection(SurfaceTask,S+6).
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Boolean tools
IdentifytheorangeBsplinesurface.Enteradatapointonthebiggreen
arrowtochangethenormaldirection.
SurfaceNormalspointingup
IntheSolidsTask,selectSubtractSolid(T+9),withKeepOriginalssetto
None.
Identifythegreenslab.
IdentifytheorangeBsplinesurface.
Accepttocompletetheoperation.
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Sep-09
Cut Solids by Curves tool
Thepartofthesolidthatisretainedisbelowthesurface,inthedirection
thatthesurfacenormalswerepointing.
Usingthe3Dprimitivesolids,extrusionsandthethreebooleantools,youcan
createthebasicsforquitecomplexmodels.Othertoolsinthe3DModifytasklet
youaddcuts,filletsandchamfers.
CutSolidsbyCurvestool
WiththeCutSolidtool,youcanplaceacutinasolidusingatemplateorcutting
profile.Cuttingprofilesmaybeopenorclosedelements,butopenelementsmust
extendtotheedgeofthesolid.Whenyouuseanopenelementasacutting
profile,theidentificationpointforthesoliddeterminestheportionofthesolid
thatisretained.IfSplitSolidisenabled,however,nomaterialisremoved.Inthese
cases,thesolidismerelysplitatthecuttingprofile.Toolsettingsareasfollows.
CutDirectionsetsthedirectionofthecut,relativetothecuttingprofiles
SurfaceNormal.
Both:Cutsbothdirectionsfromtheprofilesplane
Forward:Cutsforwardfromtheprofilesplane(inthedirectionoftheSurface
Normals).
Back:Cutsbackfromtheprofilesplane(inthereversedirectionofthe
SurfaceNormals
CutModesetsthelimitsofthecut.
Through:Cutsthroughallfacesofthesolid.
DefineDepth:Cutsintothesolidadefineddistance.
CutDepth(CutModesettoDefineDepthonly)Setsthedepthofthecut.
SplitSolid:Ifon,nomaterialisremovedfromthesolid;itissplitinto2or
moresegments.
KeepProfile:Ifenabled,theoriginalcuttingprofileremainsinthemodel
Inthefollowingexercise,youwilluseatemplateoftheearthworkscrosssection
toplaceacutintheexistinggroundsectionthatyoucreatedpreviously.Youwill
seethatyoucanchangethesettingsforthecutpriortoaccepting.
Sep-09
Exercise:Placeacutusingacrosssectiontemplate
175
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel13_CutSolid1.
SelectCutSolidbyCurves(T+Q),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
CutDirection:Forward
CutMode:Through
SplitSolidandKeepProfile:Disabled
Inanyview,identifythegreensolid.
Identifytheredcuttingprofile.
Thedirectionarrowforthecutispointingawayfromthesolid.Thisis
clearlyvisibleintheTop,Front,andIsometricviews.
5
Changethefollowingtoolsetting:
CutDirection:Back
Notethatthedirectionarrownowpointstowardthesolid.
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Sep-09
Accepttomakethecut.
IfyouhadenabledSplitSolid,thenthecutwouldhavesplitthesolid,butnot
removedthecutsection.Youcouldusethisprocedurewhenyouwanttomeasure
thevolumeofthematerialbeingremoved,usingtheMeasureVolumetool.The
cutvolumescouldbestoredonaseparatelevelforfuturechecking.
Whenyouhavemultiplecutstoapplytoasolid,youcanperformtheoperationin
1stepbyselectingallthecutprofilespriortoselectingthetool.Forexample,you
couldcreateashellofabuildingandthendrawblocksforthewindowsand
doorways.Thesecouldbecutinasingleoperation.Thedirectionofthecutis
controlledbythesurfacenormalofthecuttingprofileandtheCutDirection
settingoftheCutSolidtool.Inthefollowingexample,thecuttingprofilesallhave
theirsurfacenormalspointingawayfromthecenterofthebuilding.
Exercise:Placemultiplecutsinasolid
1
SelectElementSelection(1)anduseittoselectalloftheredcutting
profiles.
Hint:UseelementattributesandElementSelectiontoselectmorequickly.
3
CutDirection:Forward
Sep-09
177
CutMode:Through
SplitSolidandKeepProfile:Disabled
4
Identifythegreenbuildingshellwithadatapoint.
Acceptwithadatapointtocompletethecuts.
Theopeningsforthedoorwaysandwindowsarecutthroughthesolid.
Before(left)andafter(right)cuttingthewindowanddoorwayopenings.
Ifyouwanttoplacecutsonlypartwaythroughasolid,youcansetCutModeto
DefineDepthandspecifytheCutDepth.Inthefollowingexercise,forexample,
youwillcutslotsintoatimberstairwaystringertoaccommodatethesteps.The
profilesforthestepshavebeenlocatedonthefaceofthestringer.
Exercise:Placeapartialcutinasolid
1
SelectElementSelection(1)andselectalltheredrectangularprofile
elements.
Allthecuttingprofilesarehighlighted.
CutDirection:Back
CutMode:DefineDepth
CutDepth:25
SplitSolid:andKeepProfile:Disabled
Whileyouonlyrequirethecuttobein1direction,youcanuseBothinthis
situationbecausetheprofilesareonthesurfaceofthesolid.Thissaves
178
Sep-09
Fillets and Chamfers
youtimecheckingthedirectionoftheprofilessurfacenormalsinorderto
selectthecorrectcutdirection.
4
Identifythegreensolid.
Accepttocompletetheconstruction.
Hiddenlineviewofthecompletedstringer
FilletsandChamfers
YoucanusetheFilletEdgesandChamferEdgestoolstoapplyroundingor
chamfersto1ormoreedgesofasolid,extrudedsurface,orsurfaceofrevolution.
Fromabasicsolid,youcanaddfilletsand/orchamferstoproducethefinished
design.
FilletEdgestool
Toolsettingsforthistoolletyoudefinetheradiusofthefilletandwhetherto
selecttangentialedges.
Sep-09
Radiusdefinestheradiusofthefillet.
SelectTangentEdges:Ifon,edgesthataretangentiallycontinuousare
selectedandfilletedin1operation.
179
ChamferEdgestool
Toolsettingsforthistoolletyoudefinethetrimdistancesforthechamfer,
whethertoselecttangentialedges,andtheoptiontoreversethetrimdistances
forthechamferwheretheydiffer.
Distance1andDistance2:Setsthedistancestotrimbackthefaces.
LockControl:IfenabledDistance1andDistance2areconstrainedtothesame
value.IfdisabledDistance1andDistance2maybedifferentvalues
SelectTangentEdges:Ifon,edgesthataretangentiallycontinuousare
selectedandchamferedin1operation.
FlipDirection:WhenDistance1andDistance2aredifferent,reversesthe
directionofthechamferandthevaluesthatthefacesaretrimmed.
Selectingedgesforfilletingorchamfering
Afteridentifyingthesolid,asyoumovethescreenpointeroverit,theedge
nearestthepointerhighlights.Enteringadatapointselectsthehighlightededge,
whichthenremainshighlighted.Toselectadditionaledges,simplyholddownthe
Ctrlkeyandmovethepointeroverthesolid.YouthencanuseCtrldatapointsto
selectanyadditionaledgesforchamferingorfilleting.
Deselectingedgesforfilleting/chamfering
Whereyouselectanincorrectedge,aResetdeselectstheedge.Ifyouhave
selectedanumberofedges,consecutiveresetswilldeselecttheedgesinthe
reverseorder.Thelastedgeselectedisthefirstedgedeselected.
Howtofillet/chamfer1ormoreedgesofasolid,extrudedsurface,or
surfaceofrevolution:
SelecttheFilletEdgesorChamferEdgestool.
Identifyanedgetofillet/chamferwithadatapoint.Thesolidhighlightswith
theselectededgehighlightedinaheavierweightline.
Enteradatapointawayfromanyoftheedgestoaccepttheconstruction.
or
UsingCtrldatapoints,identifyadditionaledgestobefilleted/chamfered.
Enteradatapointawayfromanyoftheedgestoaccepttheconstructionof
fillets/chamfersatalltheselectededges.
180
Sep-09
Correctinganincorrectlyconstructedchamfer
WhenyouconstructachamferwithdifferentvaluesforDistance1andDistance2,
itmaybeinthewrongdirection.Distance1andDistance2areappliedtothe
wrongfaces.
Howtocorrectachamferthatisconstructedinthewrongdirection:
1Undothechamfer(s).
2EnableFlipDirection.
3Reconstructthechamfer(s).
Letsseehowthefilletandchamfertoolswork.Inthenextexercise,youwillfinish
aglasstoppedtable,addingroundingandchamferstoitsbasicform.
Exercise:Filletanedgeofasolid
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel16_Fillet.
SelectFilletEdges(T+W)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Radius:20
SelectTangentEdges:Disabled
Identifytheinsideedgeofthetablesframeatlocation1withadatapoint.
Thesolidhighlightswiththeselectededgeadditionallyhighlighted.
Movethepointerawayfromanyedgesandacceptwithadatapoint.
Thefilletisconstructedfortheselectededge.
Left:theselectededgehighlighted.Right:thecompletedfillet.
Multipleedgescanbefilleted(withthesameradius)inthe1operation.
Sep-09
Exercise:Fillettheremainingedgesoftheframe
181
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel16_Fillet,withFillet
Edgesstillactive,identifytheinsideedgeoftheframeatlocation2.
Theedgehighlights.
WhileholdingtheCtrlkey,movethepointeroverthesolidandnotethat
theedgeshighlightasthepointerpassesoverthem.
EnteraCtrldatapointatlocations3,and4.
Theseedgesnowhighlightalongwiththefirstedgeselected.
ReleasingtheCtrlkey,movethepointerawayfromanyedgesandentera
datapointtocompletetheconstruction.
All3edgesarefilleted.
Radius:45
UseCtrldatapointstoselecttheouteredgesoftheframenearlocations1
through4.
Movethepointerawayfromanyedgesandenteradatapointtocomplete
theconstruction.
Whenapplyingfilletstoasolid,youshouldconsidertheorderinwhichthefillets
areapplied.Becauseyoufilletedthecornersofthetableframefirst,youwillnow
beabletofillettheedgesoftheframein1step,usingtheSelectTangentEdges
setting.
Exercise:Fillettheverticaledgesofthetableframe
182
Sep-09
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel16_Fillet,selectFillet
Edges(T+W)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Radius:7.5
SelectTangentEdges:Disabled
Identifytheverticaledgeofthetableframeatlocation5.
Notethatonlythestraightsectionoftheedgehighlights.
Reset.
SelectTangentEdges:Enabled
Identifytheedgeatlocation5.
Notethattheentireedgehighlightsthistime.
6
Sep-09
Accept,awayfromthesolid,tocompletetheconstruction.
183
Completethetableframebyfilletingtheremaining7verticaledges,along
withtheirtangentedges.
Whenyouselectanedgeforafilletorchamferandthewrongedgehighlights,
youcanresetuntilthecorrectedgehighlights.Ifyouareselectingmultipleedges
usingCtrldatapoints,youcanstillreset,withouttheCtrlkey,tohighlightthe
correctedgebeforeproceeding.Youmayneedtomakeuseofthismethodduring
roundingofthecornersofthetabletop.
Exercise:Roundthecornersofthetabletop
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel16_Fillet,selectFillet
Edges(T+W)withthefollowingtoolsetting:
Radius:40
Enteradatapointonthelowerleftverticaledgeofthebluetabletop.If
theincorrectedgehighlights,enterresetsuntiltheshortverticaledgeis
highlighted.
UseaCtrldatapointtoselectanotheroftheverticaledgesofthetable
top.
Iftheincorrectedgehighlights,releasetheCtrlkeyandresetuntilthe
correctedgehighlights.
184
Sep-09
Repeattheprevioussteptoselecttheremainingcornersofthetable.
Whenall4cornersareselected,acceptwithadatapointenteredaway
fromthesolid.
Chamfersareappliedthesamewayasfillets.Inthisexercise,youwilladd
chamferstotheupperandloweredgesoftheglasstabletop.
Exercise:Chamfertheupperandloweredgesofthetabletop
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,inthemodel16_Fillet,selectChamfer
Edges(T+E)withthefollowingtoolsettings:
Distance1andDistance2:lockedandsetto5
SelectTangentEdges:Enabled
Identifythetopedgeofthebluetabletop.
Theentireedgehighlights.
UseaCtrldatapointtoidentifytheloweredgeofthebluetabletop.
Bothedgesnowarehighlighted.
Sep-09
185
Movethepointerawayfromthehighlightededgesandacceptwithadata
point.
Detailshowingcorneroftabletopbefore(left)andafter(right)chamferingtheedges.
TaperSolidtool
TheTaperSolidtoolisusedtonarroworwidenoneormorefacesonasolid.The
amountoftaperappliediscontrolledbytheDraftAnglesetting.
DraftAngle:Setstheangletobeappliedtothetaper.Thedraftplaneisparallelto
thefacethatistobetapered.
AddSmoothFaces:Ifon,anytangentiallycontinuousfacesareincludedwiththe
selectedface.Ifoff,onlytheselectedportionofthetangentiallycontinuousface
istapered.
Selectingtheface(s)totaper
Afteridentifyingthesolid,asyoumovethescreenpointeroverit,theface
nearestthepointerhighlights.Enteringadatapointselectsthehighlightedface,
whichthenremainshighlighted.Toselectadditionalfaces,simplyholddownthe
Ctrlkeyandmovethepointeroverthesolid.YouthencanuseCtrldatapointsto
selectanyadditionalfacesfortapering.
Toselectafacethatisbehindanotherfaceintheview,enteradatapoint,orCtrl
datapoint,ontheface,whichwillhighlightthenearestface.Thenresetuntilthe
requiredfacehighlights.
186
Sep-09
Deselectingfacestotaper
Ifyouselectanincorrectface,aresetdeselectstheface.Ifyouhaveselecteda
numberoffaces,consecutiveresetswilldeselectthefacesinthereverseorder.
Thelastfaceselectedisthefirstfacedeselected.
Definingthetaperorigin
Afterselectingtheface(s)tobetapered,thenextdatapointdefinesthestart
pointforthetaper.Thiscanbeapointaboveorbelowtheselectedface.
Exercise:Taperasingleface
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel17_Taper1.
SelectTaperSolid(T+4),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
DraftAngle:5
AddSmoothFaces:Disabled
Identifythesolidsothatithighlights.
Movethepointertolocation1andenteradatapointtohighlighttheface.
Onlytheselectedfacehighlightsinadifferentcolor.
Sep-09
Acceptthefacewithadatapoint.
Snaptothevertexatlocation2,andenteradatapointtosetthestarting
pointofthetaper.ChooseFront,<F>orSide,<S>rotation.
187
Snaptothevertexatlocation3todefinethedraftplanenormalvectorfor
thetaper.
Accepttotapertheselectedface.
Aftertaperingtheface.
Inthepreviousexercise,youtaperedjusttheselectedsectionofafacethatis
tangentiallycontinuousaround3sidesofthesolid.Ifrequired,youcantaperall
sectionsofsuchafacein1step.
Exercise:Tapermultiple(tangentiallycontinuous)faces
1
ContinuinginAdvanced_Solids.dgn,openthemodel18_Taper2.
SelectTaperSolid(T+4),withthefollowingtoolsettings:
DraftAngle:5
188
Sep-09
AddSmoothFaces:Enabled
Sep-09
Identifythesolidsothatitishighlighted.
Movethepointertolocation1andenteradatapointtofurtherhighlight
theface.
Theselectedfacehighlights,alongwithalltangentiallycontinuousfaces.
Readingyourprompt,acceptwithadatapoint.
Snaptothevertexatlocation2,andenteradatapointtosetthestarting
pointofthetaper.
Snaptothevertexatlocation3,todefinethedraftplanenormalvector
forthetaper.
189
Accepttotapertheselectedfaces.
10 SelectFile>Close.
Edit3DPrimitivetool
Attimes,youmayplaceanumberof3Dprimitives,extrusionsorrevolutionsasa
startingpointincreatingamorecomplexsolid.Afteryouhaveplacedanyofthese
elementsinamodel,youcanusetheEdit3DPrimitivetooltomodifythemby
editingtheirparameters.Dimensionsavailableforeditingdependonthe3D
primitiveelementselected.
3DPrimitive
Editableparameters
Slab
Length,Width,andHeight
Sphere
Radius
Cylinder/Cone
TopRadius,BaseRadius,andHeight
Torus
PrimaryRadius,SecondaryRadius,andAngle
Wedge
Radius,Angle,andHeight
Extrusion
Distance
Revolution
Angleofrevolution
Note:Ifyourequiregreaterflexibilitywithparametriceditingofsolids,youshould
workwithfeaturesolids.
190
Sep-09
Howtoedita3Dprimitive:
1SelecttheEdit3DPrimitivetool(T+R).
2Identifytheprimitive.
3AccepttoopentheEditdialog.
4Makechangestotheparametersinthedialogasrequired.
5ClickOKtomakechanges.
Youcanseehowthistoolworksforyourself.Anumberofexamplesolidsare
presentinmodelEXTRA_EditPrimitives,inAdvanced_Solids.dgn.
ChallengeExercise:Drawasolid
1
Drawthefollowingsolid(alldimensionsareshowninmm).
Startwitha40x40x10slab.
Drawablockandcreatethe12x6(through)cutoutattherearofthe
object.
Draw219x18blocksandcreatethe6deepcutoutsinthetopface.
Addthe6x6chamferandthe6radiusfillet.
Sep-09
191
ChallengeExercise:DrawanImpeller
1
Drawthefollowingsolid(alldimensionsareshowninmm).
Therearemanyapproachestocreatinga3Dsolidmodel.Thefollowing
aresuggestedtechniquesforcreatingtheimpeller:
SolidbyExtrusionorcylindersolid
SolidbyExtrusionAlong
CopybyPolarArray
ModifySolidEntity
192
Sep-09
Module Review
ModuleReview
Questions
1
WhatdoestheSolidssettingintheWorkingAreassectionoftheDGNFile
SettingsdialogsAdvancedUnitSettingsdialogdo?
Whathappensifyouincreasethesizeofthesolidsmodelingarea?
WhenusingExtrudeAlongPath,howcanyouspecifythattheextrusionis
attachedtothepathelement?
WhatdotheBooleantoolsdo?
Answers
Sep-09
Itletsyousetaworkingareathatdeterminesthedegreeofaccuracyfor
solidscalculations.
Itwillreducetheavailableprecision.
Bysnappingtotheprofile,atthepointonitthatyouwantattachedtothe
pathelement.
Theyletyouunite,intersect,orsubtractsolids.Theyletyoucreatea
complexsolidfrom2ormoreexistingsolids.
193
Module Review
ModuleReview
Questions
1
Whenrotatingaviewusingcuberotation,whatdoesthePreserveWorld
Upoptiondo?
TrueorFalse:Whenyouusekeyins,orusetheviewrotationtoolsfrom
thetoolbox,thetoolappliestotheactiveview.
WhatistheActiveDepth?
Whatisthedifferencebetweenusinga2Dasopposedtoa3Delementto
defineaclipvolume?
Howdoyoumodifyaclipvolume?
Howdoyousaveaclipvolume?
Whatisthedifferencebetweenaclipmaskandaclipvolume?
WheredoyoumodifythedisplayoftheFrontandBackportionofaClip
Volume?
Answers
Sep-09
Whenyouaremovingthepointerleftorright,ifPreserveWorldUpis
enableditrotatestheviewaboutthemodelszaxis.Ifitisdisabledit
rotatestheviewaboutitsyaxis.
True.
TheActiveDepthisaplane,paralleltothevieworscreen,whichisalways
locatedwithintheDisplayDepthofaview.TheActiveDepthofaview
determineswheredatapointsfallbydefault.Ifyouenteradatapointina
3Dview,withoutsnappingtoanexistingelement,itfallsontheActive
Depthplane.
Whenyouusea2Dshape,theclippingvolumeiscreatedbysweepingthe
2Dshapethroughtheentiremodel.Whena3Delementisused,itdefines
theentireclipvolume.
Clippingelementscanbemanipulatedormodifiedwiththestandard
MicroStationtools.
45
3D View Control
ConceptualModeling
ModuleOverview
PushPullModelingorConceptualModelingtechnologyletsyouquicklycreate
andmodifysolidsinteractively,byaddingorremovingfaces,edgesandvertices
andpushingandpullingfaces,edgesandvertices.
ModulePrerequisites
KnowledgeofBasicSolidModeling
ModuleObjectives
Sep-09
UsetheDrawonSolidtool
UsetheModifySolidEntitytool
UsetheDeleteSolidEntitytool
217
Conceptual Modeling
Questions
1
HowcanyoutomovefocustotheAccuDrawwindow?
Whatistheminimumrequirementtodescribeaplanarsurface?
Answers
Conceptual Modeling
PressF11,orpressEscandthenthespacebar.
For3Dmodels,the3previousdatapointsareconsidered,asthisisthe
minimumrequirementtodescribeaplanarsurface.
218
Sep-09
Conceptual Modeling Tools
ConceptualModelingTools
DrawonSolid
TheDrawonSolidtoolisinthe3DModifytoolbox.Itletsyoudrawlines,shapes,
andcircles,directlyontothefaceofanexistingsolid,oryoucanimprintacurve
ontotheface.Theseadditionsbecomefacesthatcanbemodifiedwiththe
ModifySolidEntitytool,whichletsyoupushandpullonfacesandvertices.
ThetoolrecognizesthenearestfaceunderthepointerandmatchestheAccuDraw
drawingplanetotheselectedface.
Note:Ifadrawnlinedoesnotintersectwithanexistingedge,itisextendedor
trimmedbacktotheedge.
DrawonSolidisusedtocreateanedgeonasolidbydrawingthefollowingonto
thefaceofasolid:
Sep-09
Line
Linestring
Block
Circle
Shape
219
Conceptual Modeling
orimprintingaCurve
UsingDrawonSolidonafaceofaslab
Thesolid,includingthenewlycreatededges,verticesandfacescanbemodified
withtheModifySolidEntitytool,ordeletedwiththeDeleteEntitytool.
Modifyingthenewlycreatededge
FortheImprintCurvesoption,youcanselectafacelocatedbehindanotherby
entering1ormoreresets,orusingadifferentview.
Imprintingacurveontoafaceofasolid.
TheOffsetoptionletsyoudrawlinesoffsetfromedgesofthefaceofasolid.
Theseedgescanincludeedgespreviouslydrawnonthefaceofthesolid.
Conceptual Modeling
LoopSelectsalledgessurroundingtheidentificationpointonthe
faceofthesolid.
EdgesLetsyouselectoneormoreedgesonafaceofasolid.Use
<Ctrl>+Datapointstoselectadditionaledges.
Exercise:QuickTestofDrawOnandModifySolid
220
Sep-09
Inanewfile,tryrecreatingtheabovesolids.
UsePlaceSlab,thenDrawOnSolid.
ThenuseModifySolidtoadjustthesolid.
ModifySolidEntity
TheModifySolidEntitytoolisintheSolidsModelingtask.Itisusedtomanipulate
aface,edge,oravertex,ofasolidbypushingorpullingitinteractively.
IconsinthetoolsettingsletyouselectAll,aFace,anEdge,oraVertexwhenyou
areselectingtheitemtomodify.Theseoptionsdeterminewhatyoumodify,and
howtheentityisselected.
ToolSettingsareasfollows.
Sep-09
All:Letsyouselectavisibleface,oranyedgeorvertexonasolidintheview.
Face:Letsyouselectafaceonanyidentifiedsolidintheview.Bydefaultthe
nearestfaceisselected,withresetslettingyouselecthiddenfacesonthe
samesolid.
Edge:Letsyouselectanyedgeonanysolidintheview.
Vertex:Letsyouselectanyvertexonanysolidintheview.
Distance:Ifon,setsthedistancethattheface,edge,orvertex,istobe
modified.
ExtrudeFaces:Ifon,theselectedfaceisextruded.Ifoff,theselectedfaceis
movedandadjustedalongwiththeadjacentsides.
221
Conceptual Modeling
Conceptual Modeling Basics
FullDynamics:Ifon,dynamicdisplayshowsthemodifiedelementasyou
movethepointer.Ifoff,anarrowgraphicindicatesthedirectionandextentof
themodification.
DeleteSolidEntity
Thistoolisinthe3DModifytoolbox.Itisusedtodeleteasolidentityfromasolid
otherthanafeaturesolid.
Whenselectingfaces,thenearestfacealwaysisselected.Youcanrotatetheview,
oruseanotherone,toselectahiddenface.Ifneedtodeletemultiplefaces,you
canselecttheadditionalfaceswithaCtrldatapoint.
ConceptualModelingBasics
Conceptualmodelingtoolsletyouinteractivelypushpullsolidstomodifytheir
faces,edges,orvertices.Thisletsyouquicklycreateandmodifysolids
interactively.
DrawinglinesonaSolidface
Figure1.linedrawnonface
InFigure1,alinewasdrawnfromthemidpointoftheleftedgeoftheSolid,tothe
midpointoftherightedge,usingtheDrawonSolidtoolwiththeDrawLineoption
enabled.
Conceptual Modeling
222
Sep-09
Conceptual Modeling Basics
InFigure2.theline,whichisnowanedge,hasbeenpulledintheZaxisusingthe
ModifySolidEntitytool.
Figure2.EdgepulledinZaxis.
Thefollowingimagesshowtheprocessofcreatingthefinaldesignconceptusing
theprevioustools.
Figure3.DrawonSolid
Figure5.DrawonSolid
Sep-09
Figure4.ModifyEntityExtrudeFace
Figure6.ModifyEntityotherside
223
Conceptual Modeling
Updates to Conceptual Modeling in MicroStation V8i SELECTseries 1
ProjectinglinesonaSolidface
BasicMicroStationelementssuchaslines,shapesandBsplinecurvescanbe
projectedontoSolidfaces.Theseelementsbecomeedgesafterprojection.These
edgescanbemodifiedbyextrudingafaceandmovinganedgeorvertex.
Figures7,8and9.CurvesprojectedontoSoldfacethenmodifiedintoconceptualdesign
UpdatestoConceptualModelinginMicroStationV8i
SELECTseries1
SeveralnewfeatureshavebeenaddedtoDrawonSolidandModifySolidEntity
inMicroStationV8iSELECTseries1.
DrawonSolid
Conceptual Modeling
224
Sep-09
TheDrawonSolidtoolischangedtoimproveAccuDrawdynamicsfortheDraw
Line,DrawBlock,andDrawCirclemodes.Iteliminatestheneedforpreliminary
AccuDraworientationspriortoactivatingthetool.
InadditiontotheimprovedAccuDrawfunctionality,severaltoolsettingshave
beenadded.
KeepOriginalOptionforImprintedCurve
TheImprintCurvesmodenowletsyouretaintheoriginalimprintcurveby
activatingaKeepOriginaloption.
OffsetEdgeBeyondFace
TheOffsetEdgesmodenowletsyoudrawoffthesolid.Locateedgesinward
(towardsthesolid)oroutward(awayfromsolid)bymovingtheAccuDraw
Compassinoneofthosedirections.
Left:EdgesareoffsetinwardwhenAccuDrawpointstowardstheinsidetheselectededge.
Right:EdgesareoffsetoutwardwhenAccuDrawpointstowardstheoutsidetheselectededge.
Linesoffsetawayfromthesolidmaybeusedforextrudingadditionalsolids.Any
extrusionmadefromtheseoffsetsisnotpartoftheoriginalsolid,butmaybe
usedinaBooleanoperationtounitethetwosolids.
MultiselectImprovementsforModifySolidEntityTools
TheModifySolidEntitytoolletsyouselectmultiplefaces,edges,orverticesona
singlesolidbyusingtheFace,Edge,andVertexicons.
Pressingandholdingthe<Ctrl>keyletsyouselectanddeselectmultipleentities.
ClickingResetchangestheselectionsbyreplacingentitieswithadjacentones.
AccuDrawreorientsintuitivelyasentitiesareselected.TheFace,Edge,and
Vertexiconsrespondasfollows:
Sep-09
225
Conceptual Modeling
Face
AccuDraworientsthedrawingplaneperpendiculartothelastselectedfaceso
theYandZaxesarecoplanar(totheface),andthepushpullisalongtheXaxis.
Edge
AccuDraworientsthedrawingplaneperpendiculartothelastedgeselected.
Vertex
Becauseavertexisapoint,AccuDrawhasnoreferenceplanetoreorientitselfto.
Instead,AccuDraworientsthedrawingplanetothelastusedorientation.
Conceptual Modeling
226
Sep-09
Create a Conceptual Design
TheVertexicondiffersfromothermultipleselectionsinhowverticesare
detected.Forinstance,ifanedgeisselectednearitsmidpoint,bothitsvertices
arehighlighted.Ifonlyoneisneeded,thenmovingthepointernearertoitcauses
theothertonotbehighlighted.Ifbotharehighlightedandselected,eithermay
bedeselectedbypressingthe<Ctrl>key.
Multipleselectionworksonlywithentitiesofasinglesolid.Resultsmayvary
dependinguponthecomplexityoftheresultantsolids.AutomaticAccuDraw
orientationsmayneedtobemanuallyreorientedtoachievethedesired
geometry.TheAllicondoesnotsupportmultipleselections.UsetheFace,Edge,
orVertexicons.
CreateaConceptualDesign
Sep-09
Exercise:Createthedesignshownintheimage
227
Conceptual Modeling
OpenthemodelDesignConceptinConceptualModeling.dgn.
TurnontheLeveldesignconcept_steps.
SelecttheSolidsModelingtask.
SelectDrawonSolid(T+1),readtheprompt,andinthetoolsettings
select:
ImprintCurves:Enabled
ImprintboththeOctagonalshapesontothebasesolid.
RemembertoselecttheSolidfaceontowhichthecurvesaretobe
imprinted.
UsingModifySolidEntity(T+2),readthepromptandselecttheinner
shapeandextrudeupby0.5meters.
Thiswillcreatethethirdstepofthebase.Nowyouwillcreatethesecond
step.
UsingModifySolidEntity(T+2),readthepromptandselectthefaceof
outerimprintedshapeandextrudethatface0.25meters.
Thiswillcreatethesecondstepinthedesign.
Frontviewofbase
Conceptual Modeling
TurnontheLeveldesignconcept_columns.
228
Sep-09
Columncurvesdisplay.
SelectDrawonSolid(T+1)andtheImprintCurvestoolsettingandimprint
eachofthecolumnsontothefaceofthebasesolidmodel.
10 SelectModifySolidEntity(T+2),enabletheSelectFaceoption,and
extrudefaceofeachimprintedcolumnadistanceof10meters.
Hint:Tosavetime,turnontheLeveldesignconcept_rooftodisplaythea
secondcompletedmodeloftheroofforthisdesign.
Sep-09
229
Conceptual Modeling
ThismodelusedDrawLineonSolidandtheModifySolidEntityVertex
optiontocreatetheroofshape.
11 UsetheConstructUnionTooltounitebothmodelsintooneSolidmodel.
Conceptual Modeling
OptionalExercise:Createtheroofmodel
1
Createtheoctagonalshape.
Extrudetheshape0.5meter.
Drawlinesonthesolid.
UseMoveVertex.
230
Sep-09
Module Review
ModuleReview
Questions
1
WhatisPushpullmodelingtechnology?
WhatdoyouusetheDrawonSolidtoolfor?
WhatdoyouusetheModifySolidEntitytoolfor?
Whatmethodscanyouusetoselectfacesthatarehidden?
Answers
Sep-09
Pushpullmodelingtechnologyletsyouquicklycreateandmodifysolids
interactively,byaddingorremovingfacesandverticesandpushingand
pullingfacesandvertices.
Todrawlines,shapes,andcircles,directlyontothefaceofanexisting
solid,ortoimprintacurveontotheface.
Tomanipulateaface,edge,oravertex,ofasolidbypushingorpullingit
interactively.
Highlightthenearestfaceandtheresetuntilyouselecthiddenface.
Rotatethevieworuseanotherview.
231
Conceptual Modeling

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The AccuDraw Drawing Plane

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Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated

Copyright 2009 Bentley Systems, Incorporated