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CSEC MATHEMATICS
Past Paper Solution Jan 2009
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step 1. Converting the numerator from a mixed number :

15
3
3
=
4
4

Total amount (yr1) = principal + Interest

= 24, 000 + 8% of 24000
240008
= 24000 +
100
= 24000 ( 1+ 0.08)

step 2. Simplifying the denominator:

[Total amt ( yr1)] = 24000 ( 1+ 0.08)

Q1. Jan 2009

1 5 14 5
2 =
3 6
6

9
=
6

3
2

Now in year 2, Interest is applied to the total amount from

year 1. so:
total amt (yr2) = [total amt (yr1)] (1+ .08)

step 3. Divide Numerator by denominator:

15 3

4 2
15 2

=
4 3

30
12

= 2.5

Alternatively
The LCM of 3, 6 and 4 = 12
so we multiply the numerator and the denominator by 12
giving:

3
4

1 5
2
3 6
45
2810

12
12

Alternatively:
Using the compounding formula:
n
S = P 1 r
where s = total amount
P = Principal amount
= $24,000
r = interest rate
= 8% = 0.08
n = Compounding interval = 2 years = 2

S = 24,000 1 0.082
= $27.996.60
********************************************************

Q2

45
= 2.5
18

= [24,000 (1+.08)] (1 + 0.08)

= 24,000 1.082
= $27.996.60

The LCM of n and 3n = 3n

so placing under a common denominator we get:
6m 5m
m
=
3n
3n

**********************************************************

5 *2=

b) B$ 2000 = EC$ 2700

so:

B $ 2000
2000

B$1

=
=

EC $ 2700
2000
EC$ 1.35

now: $EC 432.00 = $BD ?

The first question to ask is whether you should get more
dollars, or less dollars.
Note that when you convert from $B to $EC you get more
dollars so from $EC to $B the reverse will happen and you
should get less dollars.
If you expect less dollars then you must divide by the
conversion rate of 1.35
so $EC 432.00 over 1.35 = $B 320.00
**********************************************************

2
5 2 = 23

************************************************
Factorizing 1st two terms 3x 6y
=
and factorizing 2nd two terms x 2 2xy =

3 x 2y
x x 2y

so : (x 2y) is a common in both terms, Giving:

x 2y x 3
***********************************************
d)
Let the length of the first piece be x
so
length of second piece = x 3 (3cm shorter)
and length of third piece = 2x
( twice the first piece)
All three pieces add to 21cm so:

x x 3 2x= 21

4x 3 = 21

4x = 24

x = 6cm

If I deposit $24,000 in an account and it is compounded at a

rate of 8% for two years. Then after the first year ,
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Q3

Q4

From the graph given: the two points on the straight line have
coordinates of: P (0, 3) and Q ( -2 , 0)
M= 42

P = 54

Gradient PQ:
(54 - x)

(42 - x)

m=

so Gradient of line PQ =

y2 y1
x2 x1

(tip: the graph has a positive slope so we expect m to be positive)

N=6

where
so

y2 = 0, y 1= 3

m=

0 3
2 0

x 2=2, x1 =0
3
2

= 1.5

The total Students = 92

so: (54-x) + x + (42-x) + 6 = 92

54+42+6 x = 92

x = 10
A

where x = # students studying both Music and Pys. Ed

y
( 6 , 2)

*********************************************************

b)
This question is a test of your knowledge of trig. ratios and
Pythagoras theorem. From the diagram given:

B
P( 0 , 3)

Finding MK:
MK is the opposite side of right angled triangle MKN, so:
Opposite (MK)
MK
0
=
sin 30 =
hypotenuse (KN)
10

MK =

10 sin 30

Q (- 2 , 0)
o

= 5m
Q (- 8 , - 9 )

Finding JK:
now JK = JM - MK
where JM is the vertical side of right angled triangle JLM

Equation PQ:
From the graph, The y-intercept = c = 3
so from the general equation of a straight line: y = mx + c

JM 5 2 =13 2

Using pythagoras

y=1.5x 3

so:

JM =

13 5 =12
2

( we note also that this is a pythagorean triplet ( 5,12,13)

Finding t :

therefore: JK = 12 5 = 7m

Point ( -8 , t ) lie on PQ

substituting these co-ordinates in the equation of PQ:

t = 1.58 3

7
13

5
M

t=-9

10
5

so

300

Finding the equation of a perpendicular line AB

N

If lines are perpendicular the product of their gradients = -1

so:

m AB m PQ =1

where:
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m AB

= gradient of line AB
3

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m PQ

and

m AB =

Question 6 a Construction

= gradient of line PQ
1
mPQ

1
1.5

2
3

Construction of a Rectangle PQRS where PQ = 7.0cm

and QR = 5.5cm

Now AB passes through coordinates (6 , 2)

so substituting these coordinates into the general equation:
6=2 /3 2 c

so: c =

6 4 / 3

22
3
5.5cm

therefore

y AB =

2
22
x
3
3

90o

**************************************************************

7cm

P1

P2

Q5.
Volume of large box = 25 x 8 x 36 =

7,200 cm

Construction details:
Steps:

Total Surface area :

1.

= 2 x {area of front + area of side + area of top}

= 2 x { ( 25 x 36) + (36 x 8 ) + (8 x 25) } =

2,776 cm

Use a compass and ruler to construct a

Q as follows:

Large box can fill 6 small boxes:

volume of small box = 7,200/6 =

1,200 cm

If height of small box is 20cm, then:

Area of small box = 1,200/20 =

60cm

Two possible dimensions for the area are

2

1.

12cm x 5 cm

2.

10cm x 6 cm

= 60cm 2

60cm

or:

**************************************************************

Draw a straight line PT of suitable length and

measure PQ = 7cm

90

at

With Centre Q, and and suitable compass

separation, draw two arcs to cut line PT at P1
and P2 as shown.
With center P1, construct an arc above Q
With center P2, construct a second arc above Q to
intersect the first arc at Point C.
Use a ruler and pencil to draw a straight line
through points Q and C. Measure QR = 5.5cm.

Complete the Rectangle

With Centre R and compass separation = 7 cm,
draw an arc above the point P
3. With center P and compass separation = 5.5cm,
draw a second arc above P to intersect the first
arc. The Point S is located at the intersection of
the two arcs.
4. Use a ruler and pencil to complete the rectangle
PQRS.
2.

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Q6 b ii (a)To find the centre of enlargement ( point G)

Question 6 b Transformation

P(2,3)

Q(4,3)
M

R(2,0)

P'(-2, -1)

Q'(0, -1)
L

R'(-2, -4)

x
Expressing the translation as a column vector T =

We note that : T: P(2, 3)

P' (-2, -1)

This means that the object point P maps to its

corresponding image point under the translation T.
In column vector format, this is written as:
T
x
y

T
x
y

P
2
3

P'
2
1

() () ( )
so:

that is:

P'
2
1

P
2
3

() ( ) ()
-

Use a ruler to draw straight lines connecting the object and

corresponding image points.
The intersection of the lines will be the center of enlargement
Q6 b ii (b )Centre of elargement = G( - 5, 0 )

T
4
4

( )

Q6 b ii (c)
Scale factor k =

vertical height of N
vertical height of L

6
=2
3

( )

T=

4
4

Note that we could have found the translation vector T, using

any of the other two points Q or R.

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Question -7 Statistics
Marks

1 - 10
11 - 20
21 - 30
31 - 40
41 - 50
51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
Graph:

# Students ( f )

upper class
boundary

Cumulative
Frequency

2
5
9
14
16
12
8
4

<10.5
<20.5
<30.5
<40.5
<50.5
<60.5
<70.5
<80.5

2
7
16
30
46
58
66
70

4.)
The probability that a student scores less than or
equal to 30 marks:
P <= 30 =

# students scoring 30
6

Now reading directly from the cumulative frequency table,

# students scoring less than or equal to 30 = 16
so

P <= 30 =

16
70

1.) A plot of cumulative frequency against Upper class

boundary is drawn because we want to produce a ( less than
graph).
2.) The coordinate (0,0) is assuming that no student gets a
score of zero, Or a score less than 1
3) Because this is a less than graph, It can be seen directly
from the graph that 40 students scored less than the pass
mark of 47, and therefore 40 failed the test. The Number
who passed = 70 40 = 30 students
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Question 8 Pattern Recognition

(b)
If ax2 +bx+c
h=

then:

is expressed in the form

b
2a

and

k=

4ac b
4a

a x h k
2

From the past paper we obtain,

n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
..

d
5
8
11
14
17
20
23
..
d
..
92
..
..
188

..
30
..
..
62

rule
2x5-4
2x8-4
2 x 11 - 4
2 x 14 - 4
2 x 17 - 4
2 x 20 - 4
2 x 23 - 4
..
2xd-4
..
2 x 92 - 4
..
..
2 x 188 - 4

a=2 ,

l
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
..
2xd-4
..
180
..
..
372

so

4
h=
22

and

k=

so:

b=4 , and

c=13
=

4 2(13) 4
42
2

= 15
2

a x h k

2 x1 15

2. The values of x at which the graph cuts the x-axis are the
roots of the equation: so we need to solve the equation:

a=2 ,

so if :

b=4 , and

c=13

Using the quadratic formula:

=

b b 4ac
2a

4 (4) 4 (2 )(13)
2 (2 )

4 16 (104)
4

Section 2
See past paper for question
Step
1
2

To make t the subject:

Action
Square both sides
Multipy both sides by g

Move r to LHS

Swap LHS and RHS

4 120
4

4 120
4

1 2.74

Result
2

()
P
2

P
2

tr
g

= t r

P
g
r= t
2
2

t=g

()

P
r
2

that is:

x= 3.74 or

x=1.74

3. Now the function is a parabola with a minimum value.

The interval for which f(x) is less than zero is:
1.74 x3.74

4. Now given that f x= 2 x 12 15

The minimum value occurs when f ( x)=k
so f min ( x)
= - 15
The value of x at the minimum =
so x= (1) = 1

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Question 10: - Functions

We can write the equations given in the form:
f x= x 3
1
2
2
g x= x 1
so:

f 6 =6 3= 3

and:

f
f

= inverse of
=

3. now fg(x)

f x

( reverse the operation)

x 3

g(x) into f(x)

2

fg x= x 1 3

x 4

so:

fg 2= 2 4= 0

and:

fg 2=2 4=0

***********************************************************

b.
Distance
(km)
Train

C (150km )
60 km/hr

speed = 100/40

At rest (0 km/hr)
B (100km )
150 km/hr

(0 km)

0.833333

50 min

20 min
A
0

40

60

110

time (min)

60

Train travels 100 km from A B in 40 mins: so

1. Average speed =

distance
100
=
= 150 km/hr
time
40 /60

2. Train remains at rest for ( 60 40) = 20 minutes

3. Time from B to C =

Distance BC
speed BC
50 km
60

=
=

5
60
6

= 5/6 hrs

= 50 mins

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Question 10: - Trig

x0
Tan x
1/2.Tan x

when

10
0.2
0.09

y=0.7 , x=54

20
0.4
0.18

30
0.6
0.29

40
0.8
0.42

50
1.2
0.60

60
1.7
0.87

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Question -12
Question 11. C

40

90
w=8
V

t= 9.2

32.5

Area = 34.64

C 66

114 D

O 132

48

u' = 11
T

60
u= 10

Considering Triangle UTW:

( 2 sides with included angle: apply cosine rule)

TU = w = 8;
TW = u = 10; UW = t; UTW = 600 ,
1. Angle at radius and tangent

OAE=OBE =90

2.
now: OAE OBE= 1800 ( both are right angles)
0
then for quadrilateral OAEB,
AOB AEB =180
0
since angles in a quadrilateral = 360

AOB

180 48=132

Applying cosine rule:

2
2
2

t =u w 2uw.CosT
2

t =10 8 2108 cos 60

2
t =164 1600.5 = 84

t = 84= 9.2

Considering Triangle UVW:

Now angle at centre = twice angle at the circumference

AOB= 2 ACB
0
so
ACB= 132/2=66
Now Opposite angles cyclic quadrilateral (ACBD) are
supplementary, so: 66 ADB= 1800
0
so :
ADB=180 66= 114

( 2 sides with excluded angle: apply sine rule)

0
UW = t = 9.2; VW = u' = 11;
VUW = 40 ,
Applying sine rule:

u'
t
=
sinU sinV

11
9.2
=
sin40 sinV

sinV = sin40

1
V =sin 0.5376 =

9.2 = 0.5376
11
0

32.5

Considering Triangle UTW:

Area = uw SinT

(T is the included angle)

Area 8 10 sin60 =34.64m

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Question 13 Vectors

Finding Vector

Q
R
R( 8, 9 )

Q
R

R( 8, 9 )
Q( -1, 3 )

Q(-1, 3)

O
R
O
R

O
Q

P ( 3,2 )

O
Q

OP

To go from Q to R , we first go from Q to O and then from

O to R:

The Position vectors are found directly from the coordinates:

so:

P ( 3,2 )

OP =

Q ( -1, 3)

O
Q =

Q
R =

so:

3
2

QO

so

R(8, 9)

O
R

8
9

=
=

and
b(i)

QO

now the vector

1
3

+
QO

Q
R

so:

O
R

is the reverse of the vector

OQ

OQ

( ) =( )
( ) + = ()

1
3

1
3

1
3

8
9

9
6

now note that:

ii) Proof that:

O
P

Q
R

is parallel to

Q
R=

R( 8, 9 )

QR

Q(-1, 3)
O
R

P ( 3,2 )

O
Q

9
6

can be written as:

()

QR = 3
2

3
2

but

O
P =

so

Q
R =

3.
OP

or

Q
R =

k.
OP

..( where k = 3)

This completes the proof that the lines are parallel.

OP

Now, if

O
P is parallel to

Then:

Q
R =

k. O
P

We already know that

so we must now find

Q
R :

where k is a constant

O
P =

3
2

QR

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iii) To find the magnitude of

c i) Finding

PR
R( 8, 9 )

To go from Q to S: First go from Q to O , then O to S

so:

QS

QO

but:

QO

O Q

and

O
S

so:

QS

O
S

PR

Q(-1, 3)
O
R

P ( 3,2 )

O
Q

OP

To go from P to R: First go from P to O , then O to R

so

PR

PO

but

PO

OP

()

where

so

PR

3
2

( )
1
3

O
R

( )
( ) +

()
3
2

8
9

3
2

P
R =

52 +72

1
3

1
3

()
a
b

( )

Q
S=O
P

then:

a 1
b 3

and given

OP

a +1
b 3

3
2

3
2

(reverse the vector)

and solving for a, and b gives:

3
2

( )

a
b

c ii) If

()
5
7

a +1 = 3;

giving a = 2;

and

b-3=2

giving b = 5

and magnitude

()
( )

P
R

First: Find vector

Vector

Q
S in terms of a and b

O
S =

2
5

= 8.6

Q
S

Point S (a, b)

OS =

()
a
b

S( a, b )

QS

Q(-1, 3)

OS

P ( 3,2 )

O
Q

OP

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Proof that OPSQ is a parallelogram:

and O S

S( 2, 5)

was found earlier as :

Q
S

so:

P
S
Q( -1, 3 )

O
S

P
S

( )
3
2

2
5

= ( )
2
5

1
3

From this result we conclude that since :

=P
and O Q
Q
S= O
P
S

P(3, 2)

O
Q

Then OPSQ is a parallelogram.

O
P
O

Now if OPSQ is a parallelogram, Then :

=P
OQ
S

and

Q
S=O
P

We already know that

so the remainder of the

Q
S=O
P

=P
proof is to show that: O Q
S

Now we also know that

O
Q =

so we must now find the vector

To Find

1
3

PS

P
S
S( 2, 5)

Q
S
P
S
Q( -1, 3 )

O
S
P(3, 2)

O
Q
O
P
O

We can go from: P to O and then O to S

so

PS

where P O

=
=

PO
O
P

O
S

was found earlier as

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3
2

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Question 14 Matrices

The effect of the combined transformation on Triangle

ABC:

Multiplying Matrices AB :

( )( )
1 2 1 3
2 1 2 5

3 AB

( )
( )
( )
5 13
4 11

2 0
0 2

A B C
1 1 2
2 1 1

)(

A' B ' C '

1 1 4
4
2
2

) (
=

5 13
4 11

=3

This is an enlargement followed by a reflection in the

y axis.

15 39
12 33

*******************************************************

b)

The simultaneous equation can be written as:

matrix v can be written as:

V=2

( )( ) = ( )
() = ( )()
( )( )
11 6
9 5

( )
1 0
0 1

The effects of this transformation on the triangle ABC is a

enlargement with scale factor two (2)

x
y

1 0
0 1

x
y

11 6
9 5

6
7

6
7

2 0
0 2

The combined transformation of V followed by W :

( V first then W = [W][V)])

hint: Just remeber that

first is Right

so the transformation that is first will be on the right side

Second

Firs t

(W ) (V )
Left s ide

1 0
0 1

Right s ide

WV

)( ) = (
2
0

0
2

2 0
0 2

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