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Petrophysical Modelling
Petrophysical Modelling
Petrophysical Modeling
11.1 Deterministic Modeling
When the well logs have been scaled up to the resolution of the cells in the 3D
grid, the values for each cell along the well trajectory can be interpolated between the
wells in the 3D grid. The result is a grid with Property values for each cell.
To deterministic modeling, follow the steps:
Fig. 11.1: Petrophysical Modeling with HAH Final 3D Grid (DC) dialog box
Click OK to create the property model and display the model in the 3D
Window.
Use the Zone Filter to display the appropriate zone.
Bring up a Histogram window from the Window menu. Display the Porosity
property and use the Zone Filter to look at the modeled zone. Compare the
histogram distribution for the well logs, the up-scaled cells and the whole
property. See Fig. 11.2.
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Fig. 11.2: Settings for Porosity of Property models and Petrophysical Modeling
displayed in a 3D window
Double-click on the porosity property in the Properties folder and check the
statistics in the statistics tab. See Fig. 11.3.
Fig. 11.3: Settings for 'Porosity [U]' dialog box Statistics tab page
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Fig. 11.4: Petrophysical Modeling with HAH Final 3D Grid (DC) dialog box
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Click Right Click on the Properties folder in the 3D Grid (DC) and select
Calculator from the pull down menu.
Change the Properties Type to Porosity and type in the white formula field.
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See the statistical result by selecting Result in the upper right-hand corner. See
Fig. 11.7.
Display the new test property model in a 3D Window. See Fig. 11.8.
Fig. 11.8: The (test) model under Properties folder displayed in a 3 D window
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Under the Models tab open the Settings window for an individual property (e.g.
Porosity) by double-clicking on it. Within the Settings window, open the
Histogram tab.
Select the zone you want to study.
Toggle on/off the boxes for displaying property and well logs (original and upscaled).
Play around with the option to change the number of columns and check the
interval values in the Legend.
Toggle on the Use filter option and open the Settings window for the Properties
folder and choose the Filter tab. The Filter gives the option to show only parts of a
property model.
Choose a filter option, e.g. the Value filter. Observe the changes. See Fig. 11.9.
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11.5 Calculation of Sw
The water saturation in the hydrocarbon zone is a function of height above the
fluid contact, permeability and porosity. The calculator can be used to make a water
saturation property that takes these parameters into account. In this case, we have
water saturation in the oil zone that can be expressed by the following equation:
K
Sw = a h
Where:
h
K
a
b
The contact is given by: OWC = -2010 meters for all zones and all segments. A
permeability property is needed to generate the Sw property. A linear expression has
been found between porosity and log permeability which can be expressed by:
LogPerm = 10.9*Porosity - 0.48
A macro has been written to simplify this calculation and for easy reproduction in
case of an update. The macro has been written in a text editor program and saved as a
text file with the extension (.mac). All the functions in the macro are listed below
each other, just as they would be written as separate functions using the Property
Calculator.
To create a water saturation (Sw) property, follow the steps:
1. Activate and expand the 3D Grid model in the Models tab,
2. Right click the Properties item as shown in Fig. 11.10,
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Fig. 11.12: The file sw_formula.mac under the 'Other Data' folder
6. Make sure to select "Seismic (default)" from the "Attach new to template"
drop down box,
7. Press the Run button. Notice that all formulas will appear in the history window
at the top. See Fig. 11.13,
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Fig. 11.13: The Calculator for Properties after running the calculations
8. Four new properties will be created, called LogPerm, Perm, Temp and Sw. They
will all be attached to the template that was selected next to Type in the property
calculator "Seismic (default)".
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