Bai Giang Mon Bao Ve Role

BO V RLE
TRONG H THNG IN
B mn H thng in
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
2/7/2012
Ging vin: Nguyn Xun Tng

tunghtd@gmail.com
cng mn hc
Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

HBK HN
Gii thiu chung
Chng 1:
Cc phn t chnh ca h thng bo v rle
Chng 2:
Nguyn l bo v qu dng in
Chng 3:
Nguyn l bo v so lch dng in
Chng 4:
Nguyn l bo v khong cch
Chng 5:
Cc nguyn l bo v khc
Chng 6:
Bo v cc ng dy ti in
Chng 7:
Bo v cc my bin p
Nguyn
Tng v
Bm H
thng
in
Chng
8: XunBo
cc
h
thng thanh gp
HBK HN
Chng 9:
Chng 10: Bo v cc my pht & ng c
Bo v cc h thng t b & khng b
Phn m u
Gii thiu chung
Khi nim chung

HBK HN
S cn thit phi c h thng bo v t ng

Cc s c din ra vi tc nh sng
Thi im & nguyn nhn gy s c khng bit trc
Ging st, hng cch in, cnh cy va chm
Phn x ca con ngi khng th kp thi

Cc thao tc trong tnh hung khn cp khng m bo chnh xc..
Cn thit phi c h thng bo v t ng cch ly cc phn t b

s c h thng bo v rle (BVRL)
Rle bo
v l thit b:
HN
T ng ghi HBK
nhn
& phn ng:
Tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng ca cc thit b v h thng
Cch ly cc phn t b s c (ct my ct - MC)
Khi nim chung

HBK HN
Thit b bo v n gin nht l cc cu ch (cu chy),

aptomat

HBK HN
Khi nim chung

HBK HN
Thit b bo v phc tp hn l cc rle vi cc nguyn l khc

nhau:
Rle qu dng, so lch, khong cch
Rle tri qua nhiu th h pht trin

HBK HN
Rle in c
Rle tnh (bn dn)
Rle k thut s
Cc yu cu i vi h thng BVRL

HBK HN
Tin cy
L kh nng m bo thit b lm vic ng khi c s c v khng tc
ng ch bnh thng
Chn lc
Pht hin loi tr ng phn t b s c
N2nhnh
N1
I>
I>
N3
I>
S c ti N3: ch yu cu BV3 tc ng, cc BV cn li s tr v khi s c b

loi
tr
HBK HN
S c ti N2nhnh: ch BV ti nhnh tc ng m bo chn lc
Vi cc li in c cu hnh phc tp:

N2
S dng cc nguyn l bo v phc tp hn

HBK HN
Tc ng nhanh
Gim thiu tc hi ca s c
Cc bo v tc ng nhanh: thi gian tc ng 50ms
Yu cu chn lc & tc ng nhanh: mu thun vi nhau trong mt s
trng hp
N1
I>
N2
I>
m bo chn lc: tbv1> tbv2 > tbv3

HBK HN

X l: m bo sao cho thit hi ti ph ti l nh nht

Dng cc nguyn l bo v khc
N3
I>

HBK HN
nhy
c trng cho kh nng cm nhn s c ca rle
H s nhy Kn:
Kn=

Gi tr rle o c khi s c
Gi tr khi ng ca rle
Bo v chnh
: Knmin= 1,52
Bo v d phng: Knmin= 1,21,5
Tnh kinh t
Li in phn phi: s dng cc bo v qu dng n gin
HN dng bo v so lch dc, bo v khong cch, hai
Li truyn HBK
ti: s
b bo v chnh
My bin p h p: bo v bng cu ch
My bin p truyn ti: bo v bng bo v so lch
C cu ca mt h thng bo v

HBK HN
10
S cu trc ca h thng BVRL

Bin dng in
(BI)
My ct in
ti ti
Tip im ph MC
Ngun thao tc
Cun
ct
+
Kha iu khin

HBK HN
Rle
Knh
thng tin
Bin in p (BU)
Vi cc h thng quan trng: s dng h thng d phng kp

Hai cun ct
Hai mch cp ngun thao tc ring, hai bo v
11
Chng 01
Cc phn t chnh ca h thng
bo v
My bin dng in
1.1

HBK HN
12

Tn gi chung: BI, CT, TI

Nhim v:
Bin i t l dng in s cp th cp (5A hoc 1 A)
Cch ly mch s cp v th cp
To s phi hp dng in gia cc pha

HBK HN
BI cao p
BI h p
S nguyn l
My bin dng in
1.1

HBK HN
13
S thay th
Zcun th cp
Vth cp
BI l tng

Sai s ca BI xut hin do tn ti ca dng t ha

in p
xut hin pha th cp
HBK HN
Vth cp=Ith cp*(Zcun th cp+Zdy dn ph + Zthit b ni vo)
Ti tng Vth cp tng tng dng t ho Ie tng sai s ca
BI
My bin dng in
1.1

HBK HN
14
Qui c cc tnh
Cn thit vi : bo v lm vic da theo
hng dng in.
Cc tnh cng tn c nh du : hnh
sao, chm trn, chm vung...
Trn bn v: cc tnh cng tn v cnh
nhau.
Xc nh nhanh cc tnh BI:

Coi chiu dng in i t pha s cp qua
Xuni
Tng chiu
Bm H thng in
rleNguyn
khng
HBK HN
Rle
My bin dng in
1.1
15
Qui c cc tnh

HBK HN

HBK HN
1.1
B lc dng inth t khng (I0)

HBK HN
16
u ni BI lc thnh phn TTK

Dng 3 BI ring bit
Ia
V rt gn
Ib
3I0
Ic
Role

Role
I a + I b + I c = 3I0
Do s dng 3 BI ring bit nn s c sai s gia cc BI

ch bnh
pha s cp l i xng: lun c dng in chy qua
HBKthng,
HN
rle do sai s ca BI
Ch s dng o dng chm t ln dng mng in c dng chm t ln:

mng in trung tnh ni t trc tip
B lc dng inth t khng (I0)

HBK HN
1.1
17

Dng BI th t khng (Flux Summation CT hoc Core Balance CT)

Bin dng c mt li t hnh xuyn

Cun dy c phn b u trn li
Dy dn s cp chy xuyn qua li t (ng knh trong 1025 cm)

HBK HN
u sai
u ng
1.1
My bin dng in

HBK HN
18
BI th t khng
u ng: dy ni t v cp chy xuyn qua li t
Ngc li - u sai: dng in chy qua v cp c th trit tiu
dng in s c (hon ton hoc mt phn) v rle c th
khng nhn c thng tin s c.

HBK HN
My bin dng in
1.1

HBK HN
19

ng dng ca BI th t khng

Do ch s dng mt li t sai s o lng rt nh

S dng cho cc mng in c dng chm t nh (mng in c trung tnh
cch in hoc ni t qua cun dp h quang)
Do c 3 pha chy qua li t ng knh li t ln kch thc BI ln

thch hp trang b vi ng cp hoc u cc my pht in
HBK HN
ng dng thc t ca BI th t khng

HBK HN
1.1
20
Bo v chng chm t nhy cao (Aptomat chng git)

HBK HN
1.1
My bin dng in

HBK HN
21
Ti danh nh & Cp chnh xc

Mt BI: c nhiu cun th cp - phc v cc mc ch khc
nhau.
Ti danh nh v chnh xc ca cc cun th cp ny tu
thuc vo loi ti.
Cc dng c o (kW, KVar, A, kWh, kVArh):
Yu cu chnh xc trong ch ti bnh thng hoc nh mc.
Phm vi hot ng chnh xc trong khong 5120% ca dng in
Nguyn Xun
Bm H thng
chnh
xcTng
thng
l: in
0.2 hoc 0.5 vi chun IEC
HBK HN
Hoc 0.15 hoc 0.3 hoc 0.6 vi chun IEEE.
My bin dng in
1.1

HBK HN
22
BI dng cho mc ch o
lng
Vi mc ch o lng
Li t s bo ha nhanh
bo v cc dng c o khi
dng in s c tng t
bin.
BI dng cho o lng c

k hiu theo:
Cp
chnh
xc
ng dng
Sai s gii hn
Ti % dng
nh mc
Sai s ln
%
Sai s gc
pha
(pht)
Phng th
nghim
o m
chnh xc
o m
chnh xc
Cp chnh xc
Tng Bm H thng in
CngNguyn
sutXun
nh
mc
HBK
HN
o m
thng mi
o m
chnh xc
1.1
My bin dng in

HBK HN
23
BI dng cho h thng bo v rle

Vi mc ch bo v rle & ghi s c:
chnh xc thp hn so vi loi dng cho mc ch o lng
in p bo ho cao hn (kh b bo ho)
Cp chnh xc:

5P, 10P hoc PR, PX hoc TP (IEC)

C100-800 (IEEE).

HBK HN
My bin dng in
1.1

HBK HN
24
Tm hiu thng s ca BI
Vi mc ch bo v rle
Cp
chnh
xc
Ti % ti nh
mc
C thm thng s ALF: h

s gii hn dng in theo
chnh xc
V d: BI dng cho mc
ch bo v c k hiu
ng dng
Sai s gii hn
Ti % dng
nh mc
Sai s ln
%
Sai s gc pha
(pht)
Chun ha
dng c o
trong cng
nghip
ng h o
ng h o
Bo v rle
5P20 30VA
Bo v rle

HBK HN
Cp chnh xc 5P
P: dng cho mc
ch bo v rle
(Protection)
Cng sut nh mc 30VA
H s gii hn dng: 20
Ti 20 ln dng nh mc, BI vn
m bo sai s theo tiu chun
Bo v rle
1.1
My bin dng in
25
Tm hiu thng s ca BI
Vi mc ch bo v rle
5P20 30VA

HBK HN

HBK HN
My bin dng in
1.1
26
Thc t, mi BI c th c:
1 hoc 2 cun th cp - Mc ch o lng
2 ti 4 cun th cp - ng dng bo v rle.
Cun s cp

HBK HN
Cc cun th cp

HBK HN
1.1
My bin dng in

HBK HN
27
Thit k BI ph bin
Li t v cun dy nm trong thng cha thp gn vi t
(Dead tank type), dy th cp chy un theo hnh ch U
Li t v cun dy nm trong thng cha pha trn nh (Live
tank type), dy th cp thng chy thng qua li t.
Loi hn hp

HBK HN
1.1
My bin dng in
28
BI loi thng cha bn di (Dead tank)

Trng tm thp, n nh v mt c kh
C th ch to vi li t loi to m khng
gy qu ti v mt c kh i vi s cch
in
Dy s cp c chiu di ln nn gy pht
nng nhiu hn hn ch v dng n
nhNguyn
nhit
63kA/1
Xun(ln
Tng nht
Bm H thng
in giy)
HBK HN

HBK HN
My bin dng in
1.1
29
BI loi thng cha bn trn (Live tank)

Dy dn s cp ngn, gim pht nhit
C dng nh mc v dng n nh nhit
cao hn
Trng tm cao hn, km n nh v mt c
kh so vi loi thng cha di (dead tank)
Khi ch to vi li t ln c th gy ti
trng ln v mt c kh i vi s cch
in.
KhNguyn
lm Xun
mtTng
cc
cun
th
Bm
H thng
incp
Loi hn hp
HBK HN

HBK HN
My bin in p
1.2

HBK HN
30
Nhim v
Bin i t l in p s cp sang in p th cp theo tiu chun
(100V hoc 110V)
Cch ly mch s cp v cc thit b, ngi vn hnh bn th cp
Qui c cc tnh
Cc tnh cng tn c nh du : hnh sao, chm trn, chm
vung...
Trn bn v: cc tnh cng tn v cnh nhau.
HBK HN
My bin in p (BU)
1.2

HBK HN
31
in p danh nh s cp v th cp
BU ngoi tri thng s dng in p pha:
in p danh nh ca cun s cp l in p danh nh ca li in.
ng dng o lng: phm vi in p lm vic: 80120%

ng dng bo v rle: t 0.05 1.5 hoc 1.9 ln in p danh nh.

HBK HN
My bin in p (BU)
1.2

HBK HN
32
BU kiu t phn p
BU loi cm ng in t thng thng

La chn kinh t nht i vi cp in p ti 145kV
BU kiu t phn p (CVT Coupled Voltage Transformer)

La chn khi dng cp cao p
Thng c s dng kt hp vi h thng thng tin ti ba PLC
u cao p
T
phn
Nguyn Xun Tng
p Bm H thng in
HBK HN
Mch dp dao ng cng

hng
in khng b
u ra
BU cm ng
thng thng
My bin in p (BU)
1.2
33
Cu trc BU kiu t phn p

1.
Bnh gin du
2.
Cc phn t t phn p
5.
in khng b
7.
Cun dy s cp v th cp
8.
u cc cao p

HBK HN

HBK HN
1.2
My bin in p (BU)

HBK HN
34
BU kiu t phn p
in khng b: c tnh ton trit tiu thnh phn dung
khng ca t phn p
Tng tr ngun nhn t pha ti l xp x 0 cng sut u ra ly ra
ln nht
B dch pha do t phn p gy ra

HBK HN
Mch gim dao ng cng hng: l in tr ti, c th ni cun

tam gic h
1.2
My bin in p (BU)

HBK HN
35
Cc loi BU
H s gii hn in p Vf
Khi xy ra s c trong HT: Upha c th tng ln ti mt gi tr l Vf ln
Udanh nh.
Tiu chun IEC a ra cc gi tr h s Vf nh sau:

1.9 i vi cc h thng c trung tnh khng ni t trc tip

1.5 i vi cc h thng c trung tnh ni t trc tip
Li t ca cc bin in p khng c php bo ho khi in p tng

ti cp in p gii hn theo h s Vf.
HBK HN
My bin in p (BU)
1.2

HBK HN
36
Cp chnh xc theo tiu chun IEC 60044-2

Cp
chnh
xc
Sai s gii hn
ng dng
Ti % ti nh
mc
Ti % in p
nh mc
Sai s ln
%
Sai s gc pha
(pht)
Phng th nghim
o m chnh xc
o m tiu chun
Chun ha dng c o
trong cng nghip

HBK HN
ng h o
Bo v rle
Bo v rle
Vf: H s gii hn in p
Cng sut danh nh (cos=0,8)

10, 15, 25, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500 VA
My bin in p (BU)
1.2
37
B lc in p TTK (U0)
Cch u ni BU cho mc ch bo v rle

HBK HN
in p TTK ly ra t cun tam gic h

HBK HN
1.2
My bin in p (BU)
38
B lc in p TTK (U0)
Chn t s bin p cho cun tam gic h
Trung tnh cch in

HBK HN
T s bin c th l:

HBK HN
1.2
My bin in p (BU)

HBK HN
39
B lc in p TTK (U0)
Chn t s bin p cho cun tam gic h
Trung tnh ni t trc tip
Vect in p khi xy ra s c chm t mt pha trong mng c
trung tnh ni t trc tip

HBK HN
T s bin c th l:
Ngun thao tc
1.3
40
Hin nay ch yu s dng h thng acqui

HBK HN

HBK HN
Ngun thao tc
1.3

HBK HN
41
Cung cp nng lng cho:

Cung cp nng lng trong trng hp mt in t pha h thng
Cp nng lng cho cc thit b bo v rle
Cc thit b iu khin, chiu sng khn cp
Nng lng thao tc ng/ct my ct...
Ngun thao tc phi m bo yu cu:

c lp vi ch h thng
Dung lng ln, chi ph thp
HBK HN
H thng acqui p ng c cc yu cu ny
Ngun thao tc
1.3
42
Cc loi acqui ph bin

Acqui acid

Cc bn cc l Pb (cc dng) v PbO2 (cc m)

in th mt ngn l 2V

HBK HN

HBK HN
Ngun thao tc
1.3
43
Cc loi acqui ph bin

Acqui kim

Bn cc l bt Niken (+) v bt Cadimi (-)

in th mt ngn: 1,2V
D bo dng, tui th cao di hn (1015
ln acqui acid), chi ph ban u t hn

HBK HN

HBK HN
Ngun thao tc
1.3

HBK HN
44
Ch np
Np duy tr
Lun duy tr dng np nh gi in p acqui khng thp qu 2,25V & 1,35 V

cho acqui acid v kim
Dng np duy tr khng ln trnh to bt kh
Np b sung
Lun gi in p khng qu 2,25 & 1,35V cho mi ngn

HBK HN
Ngun thao tc
1.3

HBK HN
45
S dng nng lng b t

Cung cp nng lng ch trong khong thi gian ngn
Tip im t
rle ra

HBK HN
Ngun cho
h thng
rle
Knh thng tin trong h thng in

HBK HN
1.4
46
Knh thng tin chnh

OPGW: Cp quang
Microwavew link: thng

tin v tuyn (viba)
ng in thoi ni b
v chung

HBK HN
H thng ti ba (PLC)

HBK HN
1.4
47
H thng ti ba
S dng chnh ng dy ti in truyn tn hiu thng tin, iu khin
Thch hp khi cn trao i thng tin gia cc trm bin p v cc ng

dy truyn ti thng c sn
B chn
B chn
Thanh
gp ti
trm
B
cng
hng
T/P
T/P

B
HBK HN
thu/pht
B
cng
hng
Thanh
gp ti
trm
B
thu/pht
B chn: ngn tn hiu suy hao thng qua in dung thanh gp
B cng hng: c tng tr cao ti tn s dng in cng nghip v tng tr rt thp ti tn s

tn hiu
1.4

HBK HN
48
H thng ti ba
B chn
T/P

HBK HN
1.4
Rle

HBK HN
49
Rle c (c phn chuyn ng quay)

Da trn nguyn tc bin i in c
Dng in chy qua cc cun dy s sinh ra lc t tc ng
ti cc c cu, chi tit tha hnh khc.
Tn gi xut pht t nguyn l lm vic
C th phn loi theo chng loi:
Cun ht np t s dng ph bin nht
a chuyn ng (cc cng t)
Xun Tng Bm H thng in
CmNguyn
ng,
rle
nhit..
HBK HN
Rle
1.4

HBK HN
50
Hot ng vi dng in ac hoc dc
Tiu
Thi gian tc ng ko di do qun tnh cc phn quay

HBKln
HN
th cng sut
1.4
Rle

HBK HN
51

HBK HN
Rle qu dng vi c tnh thi gian ph thuc
Rle
1.4
52
Rle tnh (khng c phn chuyn ng quay)
S dng cc thit b bn dn
Tiu
n chc nng, khng c kh nng kt ni

HBKtHN
th cng sut
hn

HBK HN
Rle
1.4

HBK HN
53
Rle k thut s

HBKmy
HN tnh cng
Tng t nh mt
Tiu th cng sut rt nh, c ch ch (standby)
a chc nng, c kh nng t gim st
Kt ni thnh h thng, iu khin t xa...
nghip
Rle
1.4

HBK HN
54
H s tr v ca rle Ktv
Khi dng in chy qua rle tng ln n mt gi tr no rle s

ng tip im rle tc ng
Gi tr dng in ti rle tc ng: dng in khi ng (Ik)
Thc hin thao tc ngc li: gim dn dn dng in qua rle n

mt gi tr no rle s nh tip im rle tr v
Gi tr dng in ti rle tr v: dng in tr v (Itv)
H s tr v Ktv=
Itv
Ik

HBK HN
Rle c
: Ktv=0,80,85
Rle tnh, rle s: Ktv=0,90,95
55
Chng 02
Nguyn l bo v qu dng in (I>)
Nguyn l bo v qu dng c thi gian

HBK HN
2.1
56
Bo v qu dng (I> hoc 50 & 51):

Chng li cc dng s c qu dng mt pha, hai pha & ba pha v s c
chm t.
Bo v khi ng khi:
Dng in ca mt pha, hai pha hoc c ba pha vt qu mt gi tr
c ci t trc trong rle.
C th
lm
gian tr m bo tnh chn lc
Nguyn
Xunvic
Tng vi
Bm Hthi
thng in
HBK HN
Thi gian tr c th l c lp so vi dng in hoc ph thuc

vo dng in hai loi c tnh thi gian tc ng

HBK HN
2.1
57
Bo v qu dng vi c tnh thi gian c lp:

Thi gian lm vic (tr) ca bo v khng ph thuc vo ln dng
ngn mch
+
HBK HN
2.1

HBK HN
58
Bo v qu dng vi c tnh thi gian ph thuc:

Thi gian lm vic: ph thuc t l nghch vo ln ca dng in
ngn mch
Trong thc t th thi gian tc ng t l vi t s Ingn mch/ Ikhi ng

HBK HN
2.1.1
Tnh ton dng khi ng

HBK HN
59
iu kin
Phi khng khi ng ch bnh thng
Phi khi ng vi dng s c nh nht ( nhy)
m bo tnh chn lc
Xt li in c hai phn on
Dng lm vic gi thit ang ln nht (Ilvmax)
TG2
TG1

HBK HN
I>
Ilv max
I>
2
C
2.1.1 Tnh
ton dng khi ng

HBK HN
60
TG2
TG1
I>
Ilv max
I>
BV2 ct MC
N2
ng c m
my li
Itv BV1
C
Itv ca BV1 > Im my
Im my
Ilv max
1.
2.
3.
Thi im t1: xy ra s c ti N2:

1.
Dng in tng ln Sau gim i mt cht sau giai

on qu
2.
in p TG2 gim i cc ng c gim tc
BV1 & BV2

khi
Nguyn
Xunng
Tng m
Bm H thi
thng gian
in
HBK HN
Ti thi im t2: BV2 ct my ct, loi tr s c

1.
Dng in gim i do s c c loi tr
2.
in p TG2 hi phc cc ng c m my tr li
xut hin dng in m my ln
3.
Dng in m my gim dn theo thi gian n gi tr

n nh BV1 phi dng m thi gian d ang c
dng m my BV1 phi tr v
S c
ti N2
Dng in (A)
t1
BV1 & BV2 khi
ng
t2
Dng ngn mch b ct
Xut hin dng m my
BV1 phi tr v - Dng m
thi gian
phi chn
Itv ca BV1 > Im my
2.1.1 Tnh
ton dng khi ng

HBK HN
61
Itv BV1
Itv ca BV1 > Im my
Im my
Ilv max
t1
t2
m bo iu kin Itv > Im my ta t Itv=Kat*Im my

H s an ton Kat ty chn: Kat=1,11,3
Biu din
dng
m
my
dng
Nguyn
Xun
Tng
Bmtheo
H thng
in lm vic ln nht: Im my = Kmm*Ilv max
HBK
H s m my Kmm
tyHN
thuc vo nhiu yu t: v tr t ng c so vi v tr tbo v, s lng,
chng loi ng c...

T : Itv=Kat*Im my= Kat* Kmm*Ilv max

Theo nh ngha ca h s tr v Ktv=Itv/IkIk=
Itv
Ktv
Ik=
Kat* Kmm
*Ilv max
Ktv
Cng thc cui cng tnh dng khi ng
2.1.2 Tnh
ton thi gian lm vic

HBK HN
62

m bo tnh chn lc gia cc bo v bng phn cp thi gian

Tn gi: bo v qu dng lm vic c thi gian (I> hay 51)
Nguyn tc:
Khi c s c c th nhiu bo v cng khi ng
Tuy nhin, bo v gn ch s c nht s phi tc ng trc
N2
I> 1
I> 2
Nguyn
Bmkhi
H thng
in & BV1 c th cng khi ng cng
S c
tiXun
N2:Tng
BV2
ng
HBK HN
m thi gian
BV2 phi tc ng loi tr s c, BV1 khi s tr v t thi gian
tBV2<tBV1 hoc c th vit tBV1=tBV2 + t
2.1.2 Tnh
ton thi gian lm vic

HBK HN
63
BV2 phi tc ng loi tr s c, BV1 khi s tr v t thi gian

tBV2<tBV1 hoc c th vit tBV1=tBV2 + t
Bc phn cp thi gian t=0.30.6 giy tnh ti cc yu t:

Sai s thi gian ca rle: rle khng th vn hnh chnh xc ng theo c tnh
l thuyt xy dng
Thi gian ct my ct: do nh sn xut cung cp
Thi gian qu tc ng ca rle (overshoot): l hin tng rle c ngt
in nhng vn tip tc vn hnh thm mt khong thi gian rt ngn na.
L do: cc rle vn cn lu tr nng lng: vi rle c th a quay c qun

tnh, rle tnh vn cn nng lng tch ly trong t in
Sai
s ca
cc in
BI c sai s rle vn hnh nhanh hn hoc chm
Nguyn
Xun bin
Tng dng:
Bm H thng
HBK
hn (nu rle
sHNdng c tnh c lp th khng cn xt ti yu t ny).
Thm mt phn thi gian d tr
Nu nhiu phn on: lm tng thi gian loi tr s c ca cc bo v

gn ngun nhc im
S dng c tnh ph thuc
2.1.3 La
chn c tnh lm vic

HBK HN
64
Phi hp cc bo v bng c tnh ph thuc

Phc tp hn
I>
I> 3
I> 2
t
2
C nhiu loi c tnh ph thuc

HBK HN
Khc nhau v dc (mc ph thuc)

Standard Inverse (SI): dc tiu chun

Very Inverse (VI): rt dc
Extremely Inverse (EI): cc k dc
L (km)
2.1.3 Tnh
ton thi gian lm vic

HBK HN
65
Phm vi s dng ca cc c tnh ph thuc

Standard Inverse (SI): c tnh dc bnh thng
S dng trong hu ht cc trng hp cn phi gia cc bo v
Very Inverse (VI): c tnh rt dc

S dng khi ln dng in s c dc ng dy cn bo v thay i mnh.
Extremely Inverse (EI): c tnh cc dc

Thi gian tc ng t l nghch vi bnh phng ca dng in.

Nguyn Xun
Bmcc
H thng
indng khi ng t bin thi im u v d nh
ng
dyTng
mang
ti c
HBK HN
t lnh, my bm, ng c ln...
Phi hp vi cc cu ch hoc cc thit b t ng li.

HBK HN
Nguyn l bo v qu dng ct nhanh (50 hay I>>)
2.2
66

Nguyn tc: m bo tnh chn lc bng phn cp dng in

S c ti phn on no: ch bo v ti c php khi ng
Cc bo v khng cn phi hp thi gian
Thi gian tc ng t xp x 0 giy (thng t 5080ms) tn gi:
bo v qu dng ct nhanh (50 hay I>>)
Do cch chn lc bng dng in dng in khi ng tnh theo:
Ik=Kat*Ingn mch ngoi vng max (H s Kat=1,11,2)
Khng
bo v c ton b i tng khng s dng lm bo v
HBK HN
chnh

HBK HN
Nguyn l bo v qu dng ct nhanh (50 hay I>>)
2.2
67
Vng c bo v ct nhanh
Ik=Kat*Ingn mch ngoi vng max (H s Kat=1,11,2)
Dng ngn mch gim dn khi im ngn mch i xa ngun
ln dng ngn mch ph thuc vo ch ca h thng
V ng cong biu din dng ngn mch Inmax & Inmin dc ng dy
I>
I> 2
IN
HBK HN
Ik BV1
Ik BV2
Inmax
Lct nhanh min=0
Lct nhanh min
Inmax
L(km)
Lct nhanh max

Lct nhanh max

HBK HN
Nguyn l bo v qu dng c hng (67)
2.3
68
Xt li in cp ngun t hai pha

N1
HT1
I> 1
2 I>
I> 3
4 I>
I> 5
6 I>
HT2
tBV3<tBV2
S c xy ra ti N1: c th BV3 & BV2 khi ng

m bo chn lc: yu cu BV3 tc ng trc BV2 phi t tBV3<tBV2
S c xy ra ti N2: c th BV2 & BV3 khi ng

N2
I> 1 HBK HN 2 I>
I>
HT1
4 I>
I> 5
6 I>
tBV3>tBV2
m bo chn lc: yu cu BV2 tc ng trc BV3 phi t tBV2<tBV3
Mu thun: khng th ci t thi gian cho cc bo v
HT2

HBK HN
2.3
69

Gii php: s dng bo v qu dng loi c nh hng

Bo v qa dng c hng ch tc ng khi:
Dng in chy qua bo v theo hng qui nh (hng dng thng qui c t thanh gp ng dy)
+
Dng in vt qua gi tr khi ng ca bo v
I>
I> = I> + W
C th phn chia ra 2 nhm bo v

HBK HN
HT1
I> 1
2 I>
I> 3
4 I>
I> 5
6 I>
HT2

HBK HN
2.3
70
V phng din bo v rle: ng dy hai ngun cp hai

mch hnh tia
2 I>
I> 1
HT1
HT1
I> 3
I> 1
4 I>
I> 3
Nguyn
Bm
1,5H thng in
=tBV3Tng
+ t
tBV1Xun
tBV3=tBV5 + t
HBK HN
2 I>
0,3
tBV2
6 I>
I> 5
HT2
I> 5
tBV5 0,5
4 I>
0,8 tBV4=tBV2+ t
6 I>
HT2
1,3 tBV6=tBV4 + t

HBK HN
2.3
71
Kim tra s lm vic ca bo v:

N1
HT1
I> 1
1,5
2 I>
0,3
I> 3
1
4 I>
0,8
I> 5
0,5
6 I>
I> 5
0,5
6 I>
HT2
1,3
Nguyn Xun Tng N2

Bm H thng in
HBK HN
HT1
I> 1
1,5
2 I>
0,3
I> 3
1
4 I>
1,3
0,8
HT2
Bo v qu dng c kha in p thp (51&27)

HBK HN
2.4
72

Tn gi khc 51V
L do s dng
ng dy di
Dng ngn mch cui

ng dy nh
Bo v khng
Dng khi ng
Mang ti nng
ca bo v ln
Ik=
nhy
Kat* Kmm
*Ilv max
Ktv

HBK HN
S dng thm khu phn bit gia s c v qu ti bng in p

(kha in p thp)
Khi s c: in p gim thp hn
Khi qu ti (nng): in p vn nm trong ngng cho php
Bo v qu dng c kha in p thp (51&27)

HBK HN
2.4
73
Tn gi khc 51V
Khng c kha in p (51)
C kha in p thp (51 & 27)

Ct MC
Ct MC
I>
Ilv max
I>
Ilv max
BU
Gi tr khi ng
Kat* Kmm
HBK HN
Ik=
Ktv *Ilv max
U<
Kat* Kmm
Ik=
Ktv *Ilv bnh thng
o Dng khi ng nh hn
o nhy cao hn
Bo v qu dng th t khng (I0> hay 51N)

HBK HN
2.5
74

S dng b lc dng in th t khng

Tnh ton dng khi ng
ch bnh thng:

Ia
Ib
Ic
V l thuyt: dng qua rle bng 0

I a + I b + I c = 3I0
Thc t: do cc BI c sai s dng in qua rle khc 0
Role
rle khng tc ng: t dng khi ng ln hn dng in sinh ra do sai
s ny
Gi tr ci t:
Ikhi ng 51N=(0,10,3)Inh mc BI
Ch s c: dng in qua rle tng gp nhiu ln bo v tc

ng
HBK HN
Do gi tr khi ng t thp bo v c nhy cao
Thi gian lm vic:

Phi hp vi cc bo v qu dng th t khng khc
Phn bit chc nng I> & I>> (51 & 50)

HBK HN
75
Bo v qu dng
Khi ng khi: Ingn mch >Ikhi ng
Bo v qu dng c thi gian
Bo v qu dng ct nhanh
(I> hay 51)
(I>> hay 50)
Dng khi ng tnh theo dng

lm vic ln nht (Ilvmax)
Khi
xy ra s HBK
c c
th c bo
HN
v ti ch v bo v pha trn
cng khi ng
m bo tnh chn lc: phi

hp phn cp thi gian (t)
C th dng lm bo v chnh
Dng khi ng tnh theo dng

ngn mch ngoi ln nht
(In ngoi max)
Khi xy ra s c: ch bo v ti
phn on s c khi ng
Khng cn phi hp thi gian

(ct nhanh)
Khng bo v c ton b i
tng ch l bo v d phng
76
Chng 03
Nguyn l bo v so lch
dng in (I)
Nguyn l

HBK HN
77
So snh tng dng in i vo & i ra ca i tng c bo

v: tng dng in ny khc 0 bo v tc ng.
Thit b
Irle=
Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng

inthng
Bnh
HBK HN
Ch bnh thng:
Dng in chy qua rle nh hnh v
Dng chy qua rle: l dng chnh lch do sai s ca BI cc pha
Nguyn l

HBK HN
78
Ch s c ngoi vng:
Dng in l dng s c c gi tr ln sai s BI ln hn
Phn b dng in tng t ch bnh thng
Dng in chy qua rle s ln chnh nh rle khng tc ng
dng khi ng ln, gim nhy
Vng bo v: gii hn bi v tr t cc BI
Thit b
HBK HN
S c ngoi
Nguyn l

HBK HN
79
Ch s c trong vng:
Dng in chy qua rle bng tng dng hai pha c gi tr ln
rle s tc ng ngay
S c trong vng
Thit b

HBK HN
Irle=
Nguyn l

HBK HN
80
Tng kt:
Thit b
Bm HI thng=in +
Irle=Nguyn+ Xun Tng
HBK HN rle
Bnh thng
S c ngoi
Dng in chy qua rle l do sai s BI
Irle=
S c trong
Dng in chy qua rle l tng

dng s c
Bo v so lch c hm

HBK HN
81
Bo v rle so lch thng thng cc rle c th tc ng

nhm do:
Sai s ln ca cc BI khi ngn mch ngoi
Chuyn u p...
Bo v so lch c hm: hot ng da theo t hp ca hai loi

dng in so lch (Isl) & hm (Ih):
S c ngoi vng: dng hm c gi tr ln dng so lch nh
S c trong vng: dng hm nh - Dng so lch ln.
HBK HN
Bo v so lch c hm

HBK HN
82
T hp dng in cho bo v rle so lch c hm

S dng cc bin dng trung gian (BITG)
T hp thm ra dng in hm (Ih)

HBK HN
Bo v so lch c hm

HBK HN
83
T hp dng in cho bo v rle

so lch c hm
Vit phng trnh cn bng sc t

ng cho cc BITG
BITG2
I1*w1-I1*w1=Isl*w2
Chn w1=w2HBK HN
Isl=I1 - I2
BITG1
I1*w3+I2*w4=Ih*w5
Chn w3= w4= w
w5=2*w
Ih=0,5*( I1 + I2)
Tng qut: Ih=Kh*(I1+I2)

Kh: h s hm, c th iu chnh thay
i theo s vng cun w5
Bo v so lch c hm

HBK HN
84

Bng cch s dng BI trung gian, c th to ra t hp

Xt s vn hnh Bo v so lch c hm
I sl =( I1 I 2 )
I h = K h ( I1 + I 2 )
I1
100% (I1+I2)
100% (I1+I2)
Isl
I1
Ih=Kh* (I1+I2)
I2
Ih=Kh* (I
HBK
1+I2)HN
(Ih)> (Isl)
bo v khng
tc ng
Ch bnh thng hoc s c ngoi
Isl
I2
(Ih)< (Isl)
bo v tc
ng
Ch s c trong vng
Bo v so lch c hm

HBK HN
85
La chn h s hm
Tng h s hm (Kh): rle
hm tt nhy tc
ng ca rle km i.
Hiu ng ngc li khi gim
h s hm
I1
100% (I1+I2)
100% (I1+I2)
Isl
H s hm c th c iu
chnh
bng
thay
iin
s
Nguyn
Xun cch
Tng Bm
H thng
HBK HN
vng dy cun
w5.
Ih=Kh* (I1+I2)
Ih=Kh* (I1+I2)
Isl
I2
Bo v so lch c hm

HBK HN
86
Rle c: h s hm l c nh Rle s: thay i

HBK HN
Bo v so lch c hm

HBK HN
87
Rle minh ha

HBK HN
Rle so lch s dng a quay (loi

1 pha)
Rle so lch RQ4, sn xut bi hng AEG giai on

19501960
88
Chng 04
Nguyn l bo v tng tr thp Z<
(bo v khong cch)
Nguyn l hot ng

HBK HN
89
Bo v khong cch da trn cc gi tr dng in v in p ti

im t rle xc nh tng tr s c
Nu tng tr s c ny nh hn gi tr tng tr ca ng dy
ci t trong rle th rle s tc ng rle tng tr thp
Z< (hoc 21)
Gi tr tng tr m rle xc nh c ch l mt gi tr gi
tng.
HBK HN
Do tng tr gm hai thnh phn R & X, nn thun tin s s
dng mt phng tng tr biu din s lm vic ca bo v
khong cch
Nguyn l hot ng

HBK HN
90
Xt s n gin:
Tnh ton tng tr rle o c trong cc ch

Bnh thng:
jX
ZR(bt)=ZD+Zph ti ZD
Z
ZD+Zpt
im
lm vic
lc bnh
thng

HBK HN
100%ZD
Zpt
R
Nguyn l hot ng

HBK HN
91
Xt s n gin:
Tnh ton tng tr rle o c trong cc ch

S c: v d ti 50% ng dy:
jX
ZR(sc)=ZDs c=50%ZD < ZD
Z
ZD+Zpt

HBK HN
im s c di chuyn vo ng
tng tr ng dy
50%ZD
Zpt
im
lm vic
lc bnh
thng
im
lm vic
khi s
c
R
Nguyn l hot ng

HBK HN
92
c tnh lm vic ca rle khong cch

im lm vic lc bnh thng v khi s c: khi s c im lm vic

lun ri vo ng tng tr ng dy c th ch cn ch to c
tnh tc ng ca rle l mt ng thng trng vi ng tng tr
ng dy
jX
c tnh tc
ng l mt
ng thng
ZD
ZD+Zpt

HBK HN
50%ZD
Zpt
im
lm vic
lc bnh
thng
im
lm vic
khi s
c
R
Nguyn l hot ng

HBK HN
93

Do sai s, do s c c th xy ra qua cc tng tr trung gian nn gi

tr rle o c khi s c c th ri ra ln cn ng tng tr ng
dy.
Nu ch ch to c tnh tc ng l mt ng thng th rle c th

s khng lm vic trong cc trng hp ny. khc phc th cc nh
ch to thng c m rng c tnh tc ng v c hai pha ca
ng dy tr thnh vng tc ng.
jX
jX
ZD+Zpt
c tnh tc
Nguyn Xun
Tng
Bm
H thng in
ZD
ng l mt
im
HBK HN
ng
lm vic
thng hp
lc bnh
thng
100%ZD
im s c ri ra
ngoi rle khng
tc ng
R
c tnh
tc ng
c m
rng
ZD
ZD+Zpt
im
lm vic
lc bnh
thng
im s c ri
vo vng tc ng
R
Nguyn l hot ng

HBK HN
94
Cc dng c tnh thng gp

Thc t, c tnh lm vic c m rng theo nhiu dng khc nhau
p ng tt hn vi mi loi s c v ch vn hnh ca h thng
ZD

HBK HN
95
Chng 06
Bo v cc ng dy ti in
Cc loi bo v p dng

HBK HN
96
Vi cc ng dy cao p (li truyn ti)

Bo v chnh: bo v so lch dng in, bo v khong cch
Bo v d phng: bo v qu dng
Vi cc ng dy trung p (li phn phi)

Thng s dng cc bo v qu dng (l do kinh t)
Cc bo v ng dy thng c trang b thm chc nng t

ng li (79)
HBK HN
Bo v so lch dc ng dy

HBK HN
97
ng dy c chiu di ln phi dng knh truyn gi tn

hiu dng in gia cc pha.
ng dy 2
ngun cp
ng dy r
nhnh
HBK HN
Knh truyn c th
kt ni theo mch
vng tng tnh d
phng ng
nt t
c im

HBK HN
98
Hai loi bo v so lch dng in

T hp dng in 3 pha theo t l mt tn hiu so snh cc tn
hiu ny ca hai pha.

nhy b thay i theo dng s c

La chn t s theo tng iu
kin c th

HBK HN
Ly mu dng in ca c 3 pha chuyn thnh tn hiu s

chuyn n so snh cng vi u i din.
Knh truyn ch yu l cp quang (PLC khng m bo bng thng)
Nguyn l bo v so lch vi knh truyn tin

HBK HN
99
S tun hon dng in

ng dy cn bo v
Rle so lch
Cun so lch
Cun hm
Bnh thng: dng in chy tun hon qua knh truyn tin
c im:

Nguyn
Xun
Tngtruyn:
Bm H thng
in nhm
H
mch
knh
tc ng
HBK HN
Ngn mch knh truyn: kha, khng tc ng nhm
Nguyn l bo v so lch vi knh truyn tin

HBK HN
100
S cn bng in p
ng dy cn bo v
Rle so lch
Cun hm
Cun so lch
Bnh thng: dng in khng chy qua knh truyn tin

c im:

Nguyn
Xun
Tngtruyn:
Bm H thng
in
H
mch
knh
kha,
khng tc ng nhm
HBK HN
Ngn mch knh truyn: tc ng nhm
Bo v khong cch (BVKC)

HBK HN
101

c tnh lm vic ca BVKC: l mt min tc ng

jX
jX
ZD
ZD+Zpt
im
lm vic
lc bnh
thng
ZD
ZD+Zpt
im
lm vic
lc bnh
thng
im s c ri
vo vng tc ng
Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thngRin
L thuyt
HBK HN
Ci t thc t
Gi tr chnh nh:
Do sai s ca php o nn vng tc ng khng th t bao trm ton b
ng dy
Thng t bao trm 8085% chiu di ng dy
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
102
Cc dng c tnh thng gp

Thc t, c tnh lm vic c m rng theo nhiu dng khc nhau
p ng tt hn vi mi loi s c v ch vn hnh ca h thng
ZD

HBK HN
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
103
Cc vng ci t ca bo v khong cch

Thng c chnh nh vi 3 vng tc ng
Vng I: tc ng tc thi
Vng II & III: tc ng c tr theo nguyn tc phn cp thi gian, phi hp

vi cc bo v lin k

HBK HN
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
104
Chi tit ci t cc vng ca bo v

Vng I
Cc rle c: vng I thng t 80% tng tr ng dy
Cc rle s: th gi tr ny c th tng ti 85%.
Vic ch t vng I bo v khong 8085% ng dy l trnh
hin tng bo v tc ng vt vng vi cc s c ngoi ln cn
cui ng dy.
HBK HN
Do vng I khng cn phi phi hp vi bt c bo v no nn thi

gian tc ng c th t xp x 0 giy.
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
105
Cc vng ca bo v khong cch

Vng II
m bo bo v 100% chiu di ng dy
t t nht 120% tng tr ng dy cn bo v.
Thng thng vng II c ci t bng 100% tng tr ng dy
cn bo v + 50% tng tr ca ng dy ngn nht lin k
HBK HN
Thi gian lm vic ca vng II c phi hp vi vng I vi bc phn

cp thi gian t nh trnh by trong phn bo v qu dng.
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
106
Cc vng ca bo v khong cch

Vng III
l vng bo v d phng chng li tt c cc s c trn ng dy
lin k
Do gi tr khi ng thng t ln hn 20% ca tng tr tnh t
v tr t rle ti cui ng dy di nht lin k.
Thi gian tc ng ca vng III c phi hp vi thi gian tc ng
vng II.
HBK HN
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
107
Minh ha
ng dy 2
ng dy 1
B
Vng I Bo v 1
1015%
Vng I Bo v 2
ng dy 3
1015%
Ngun
Vng III
t = 2t giy
Vng II
t = t giy
Thanh gp B
HBK HN
Vng I
t = 0 giy
Thanh gp A
C Vng I Bo v 3
Tng tr
ng dy
D
1015%
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
108
Cc yu t nh hng n BVKC
nh hng ca ti
Ti ca ng dy cng c th biu din di dng tng tr
Trn mt phng tng tr: vng ti c rng hay co hp ty theo
h s cng sut ca ti
Trng hp ng dy di,
mang ti nng: vng ti c th
chng ln vo c tnh tc ng
Vng 3
VicNguyn
chng
ln ti nh hng
Xun Tng Bm H thng in
HN
n vng 3 caHBK
BVKC
Vng ti
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
109
nh hng ca ti- Cch x l
Vng 3 m rng c gii hn
S dng cc c tnh a gic

HBK HN
B nh hng chng ln ti
Khng b nh hng chng ln ti
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
110
nh hng ca in tr h quang ti im s c
S c trn ng dy thng km theo h quang
H quang c tnh cht in tr (Rhq)
in tr h quang ny lm php o tng tr ng dy b sai lch
jX
jX
ZD
ZD+Zpt
im
lm vic
Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng
in
lc bnh
HBK HN
thng
im
lm vic
khi s
Zpt
c
R
Rhq=0
ZD+Zpt
ZD
im lm vic khi
s c nm ngoi
vng tc ng
Rhq
Zpt
R
Rhq>0
Bo v khong cch

HBK HN
111
nh hng ca in tr h quang ti im s c
Khc phc: S dng c tnh t gic c min tc ng m rng v
pha trc R
jX
jX
ZD
ZD+Zpt
ZD+Zpt
ZD
im lm vic khi
sH
cthng
nmin
ngoi
Nguyn Xun Tng Bm
Rhq HBK HNvng tc ng
Zpt
im lm vic khi
s c nm trong
vng tc ng
Rhq
Zpt
R
c tnh MHO
c tnh t gic
Phi hp s lm vic ca cc BVKC

HBK HN
112
Nu khng c s lin h phi hp gia cc bo v hai u

ng dy:
S c ti 1015% cui ng dy mi pha s c loi tr vi thi
gian ca vng 2 (tr mt khong t)
A
N2
HT1
N1
1015%
HT2
1015%

HBK HN
Khc phc: thc hin lin ng gia cc BVKC thng qua knh truyn

HBK HN
113
Phng thc phi hp

M rng vng 1
Truyn tn hiu cho php ct

Truyn tn hiu ct trc tip

Truyn tn hiu cho php ct vi vng 1 khng m rng
Truyn tn hiu cho php ct vi vng tc ng m rng
Truyn tn hiu kha

Truyn tn hiu ct trc tip

HBK HN

HBK HN
114
V d phng thc truyn tn hiu cho php khng m rng

vng 1:
Gi tn
hiu i
Khi vng 1 khi ng

o Ct my ct ti ch
o Truyn tn hiu cho php ti
Tn hiu n t
u i din
u i din
Ti u i din, bo v s tc
ng tc thi khi:
o khi
ng
HBK
HN cho php
o Nhn c tn
hiu
ca u i din
S ch yu cu mt knh truyn
duy nht do ch c mt Vng 1 cn
gi tn hiu qua knh truyn
Ct my
ct
Cc phng thc bo v c bn

HBK HN
115
V d da theo khuyn co ca hng SIEMENS

Li hnh tia (li phn phi)
o
o
o
Bo v chnh l bo v qu dng
(51&51N)
Km theo chc nng t ng li (79)
Bo v qu dng th t nghch (46):
tng nhy vi cc s c khng
i xng.
HBK HN

HBK HN
116

ng dy song song
o
o
o
Bo v chnh l bo v qu dng
(51&51N)
Chc nng bo v chng qu ti (49)
Bo v qu dng th t nghch (46):
tng nhy vi cc s c khng
i xng.
S dng bo v qu dng loi c
Nguyn Xundo
Tngdng
Bm H
thngsut
in
hng (67&67N)
cng
HBK HN
khi ngn mch c th
chy theo c
hai chiu

HBK HN
117

ng dy truyn ti

HBK HN
o
o
Bo v chnh l bo v khong cch (21&21N) c lin ng

Bo v d phng l cc bo v qu dng
118
V d
ng dy truyn ti
C ng truyn tin
bng thng rng
o
o
o
o
Gm hai b bo v chnh
Bo v so lch dc (87L)
Bo v khong cch (21&21N)
c lin ng
C th s dngHBK
boHN
v qu
dng lm d phng

HBK HN
119
Chng 07
Bo v cc my bin p lc
Cc loi s c

HBK HN
120

Phng in s xuyn
S c pha-pha, pha-t i vi cun dy cao v h p
S c gia cc vng dy trn cng cun dy.
S xm m ca hi nc vo du cch in cng l mt yu t
gy nn s c.
Vi cc my bin p ln ni ti ng dy truyn ti th khi c
st nh vo ng dy, sng vi dc u sng ln s i
vo trong my bin p v c th gy thng cch in cui
cun dy
bin
p.
Nguynmy
Xun Tng
Bm H
thng in
HBK HN
Cc loi s c

HBK HN
121
S c chm chp gia cc vng dy: dng in trong cc vng

dy b s c ln nhng dng in ti hai u ca my bin p
thay i khng ng k (theo t s vng dy).
Khi mi xy ra s c th ch mt s t vng dy b nh hng, nhng
nu khng loi tr nhanh th c th gy s c lan trn.
S c li t: cc trng hp s c vi dng in ln c th gy
x lch li t, v lm tng ln dng in xoy, gy pht nhit
v c th dn ti s c ln hn.
S c thng du chnh my bin p: c th xy ra hin tng r
r du lm mc
du
HBK
HN b h thp gy ngu him cho cch in v
lm mt my bin p.
Hng b chuyn i u phn p (OLTC)
Cc loi s c

HBK HN
122
Dng t ha khi ng khng ti

Khi ng my bin p khng ti c th xut hin dng t ha,
qu t thng li thp hoc khi bo ha BI...u lm tng dng
so lch v bo v c th s tc ng.
T thng trong li t c th tng ti 280% ln ty theo:
in p ti thi im ng in (i qua 0)
T d trong li th th t thng
Thit k ca my bin p
S lng
my
p
lm
Nguyn Xun
Tngbin
Bm H
thng
invic song song
HBK HN
Vi gi tr tng vt li t chc chn s b bo ha dng

in b mo dng sng trm trng
Dng in ny gi l dng in t ha xung kch khi ng my
bin p.
Cc loi s c

HBK HN
123
Dng t ha khi ng khng ti

Hnh dng dng in t ha xung kch khi ng my bin p

HBK HN
Thnh phn sng hi: dng in t ha xung kch cha ch yu

l thnh phn sng hi bc 2 v bc 3 s dng hmbo v
khi ng my bin p khng ti.
Cc loi bo v cho my bin p

HBK HN
124
Loi s c
Loi bo v
Bo v so lch
S c pha-pha v pha-t cun dy
Bo v qu dng
Bo v chng chm t hn ch
Bo v so lch
S c gia cc vng dy
Rle kh (Buchholz)
Bo v so lch
S c li t
Rle kh (Buchholz)
HBK HN
Bo v so lch
S c thng du my bin p
Rle kh (Buchholz)
Bo v chng chm t thng my bin p
Qu t thng
Bo v chng qu t thng
Qu nhit
Bo v chng qu ti
Cc loi bo v my bin p

HBK HN
125
Bo v so lch c hm I (87)
Dng lm bo v chnh cho my bin p
Phm vi bo v c gii hn bi v tr t BI
Cc nh hng cn lu :
T u dy my bin p
Loi b thnh phn dng in TTK
Hiu chnh t s bin dng
La chn h s hm trong cc tnh trng lm vic
Nguyn
ng
Bm H thng
inbin p khng ti
Hm
boXun
vTng
khi
my
HBK HN
Hin tng qu t thng

HBK HN
126
nh hng ca t u dy my bin p
MBA t u dy hai pha khc nhau dng in cc pha b lch
gc nhau
T u dy Y0/-11 th dng s cp v th cp lch nhau 11x300=3300.

Nguyn l bo v so lch yu cu dng in hai pha cn so snh

phi trng pha khi xy ra lch pha c dng cn bng chy
qua bo v s tc ng nhm phi hiu chnh gc pha.
Rle c & Rle tnh: hiu chnh gc pha bng BI trung gian.
Nguyn
Xun Tng
Bm H
thngpha
in c thc hin bng phn mm:
Rle s:
hiu
chnh
gc
HBK HN
BI c th u hnh Y cho mi cun dy

Khai bo vo rle cc t du dy ca my bin p v my bin dng
(nu cn thit).

HBK HN
127

S c chm t ngoi vng
Nu khng loi b: tc ng nhm

HBK HN
BI trung gian khng

c cun tam gic
Dng qua rle ln hn 0

Rle c th tc ng nhm

HBK HN
128

S dng BI trung gian c cun tam gic: loi tr thnh phn I0
chy vo bo v
BI trung gian c
cun tam gic

HBK HN
Dng qua rle bng 0

HBK HN
129

Dng cn bng c th sinh ra khi:
BI cc pha c t s bin khc t s bin p
Hoc khi dng in th cp ca cc BI khng ging nhau

HBK HN

HBK HN
130

Dng cn bng c th sinh ra khi:
BI cc pha c t s bin khc t s bin p
Hoc khi dng in th cp ca cc BI khng ging nhau

HBK HN
Rle so
lch

HBK HN
131

Chn BI trung gian
BI u tam gic th dng
pha & dng dy khc
nhau

HBK HN
w1 i2 3 3,813 3 2, 202
=
=
=
= 3, 06
w2
i1
0, 719
0, 719

HBK HN
132

Chn BI trung gian
w1 i2 3 3,813 3 2, 202
=
=
=
= 3, 06
w2
i1
0, 719
0, 719

HBK HN

HBK HN
133
Bo v chng chm t hn ch 87N (Restricted Earth Fault REF)

Bo v qu dng TTK (50N & 51N) c th khng nhy
bo v cho cun dy my bin p S c ti im gn trung tnh
cun dy u hnh sao, ni t qua tng tr: dng s c rt b.
Bo v chng chm t hn ch (87N): so lch TTK
Phm vi bo v: cc cun dy u hnh sao c trung tnh ni t
(phm vi bo v b hn ch).
HBK HN

HBK HN
134
Bo v chng chm t hn ch 87N (Restricted Earth Fault REF)

Bo v c th l dng so lch tng tr cao hoc so lch c hm
C nhy cao v dng khi ng c th t thp
Dng in a vo rle l ton b dng s c ch khng ch l
mt thnh phn c bin i qua t s bin chy trn pha
cao p (t s bin lc ny l t s gia s vng dy cun cao p &
s vng dy b s c bn cun h p).
HBK HN

HBK HN
135
Dng t ha xung kch khi ng my bin p khng ti

Bo v s tc ng nhm khi ng my bin p khng ti
Hi bc 2

HBK HN
Vi rle c: cho bo v lm vic vi thi gian tr khng tin cy

do lc ng my bin p c th gp s c.

HBK HN
136
Dng t ha xung kch khi ng my bin p khng ti

Rle s: hm theo sng hi bc 2
Hi bc 2
L do dng sng hi bc 2 (bc chn):

Dng t ha xung kch (qu ) lun cha thnh phn sng hi bc 2
Dng s c khng cha thnh phn sng hi bc 2 v cc sng hi bc
chn
Nguyn
Bm H
thng
inlp c th b mo sng do li t bo ha, tuy
Dng
t Xun
haTng
ch
xc
HBK HN
nhin dng ny cng khng cha cc thnh phn sng hi bc chn.
Sng hi bc 2: c trng ring bit ca dng t ha xung kch

s dng thnh phn sng hi bc 2 ny t ng hm bo
v so lch khi ng khng ti my bin p.
137
Bo v chng qu t thng li t
Qu t thng li t xy ra khi:
in p h thng b tng cao
Tn s h thng b gim thp
Qu t thng qu khng gy
nguy him s dng bo v c
tr
Bo v vi c tnh thi gian ph
thucNguyn
- khi
tin
s V/f
Xun ng
Tng Bmkhi
H thng
vt ngngHBK
HN
ci t.

HBK HN

HBK HN
138
Bo v chng chm t v thng my bin p

Thng my bin p c t cch in
S dng chc nng bo v rle chng hin tng chm t v
thng
Thc hin: ni mt BI vo dy ni gia v thng v t.

HBK HN

HBK HN
139
Rle kh (Buchholz)
V tr: trng ng ng ni t thng du chnh my bin p ln
thng du ph.
Rle Buchhloz: hai t hp phao nm l lng.

HBK HN

HBK HN
140
Rle kh (Buchholz)
Qu ti:kh ga t thng du tch t ln trn theo ng dn du
y mc du trn np rle Buchholz xung phao s 1 (bn
trn) chm xung, ng tip im khi ng cnh bo qa ti
thc hin qu trnh san ti cho my bin p.
S c gia cc vng dy hoc gia cc pha th nhit tng
nhanh, kh tch t mnh v i ln trn x y vo rle cp hai
khi ng i ct cc pha ni vi ngun ca my bin p.
HBK HN
141
Rle kh (Buchholz)

HBK HN

HBK HN
S phng thc bo v my bin p

HBK HN
142
MBA cng sut nh

Bo v chnh: bo v qu dng in pha

cao p
Bo v d phng: bo v chng chm t

hn ch (87N) v bo v qu dng th t
khng t ti trung tnh

HBK HN

HBK HN
143
MBA cng sut ln

Bo v chnh: bo v so lch dng in

(87T)
Bo v d phng:
Bo v qu dng pha cao p & h p
Bo v chng chm t hn ch 87N
Ch dng hai b rle: p dng cho cc my

bin p khng quan trng

HBK HN

HBK HN
144
MBA nhn in t hai l
Bo v chnh: bo v so lch dng in

(87T)
Bo v d phng:
Bo v qu dng pha cao p & h p
Bo v chng chm t hn ch 87N
Dng 3 b rle ring bit: tng tin

cy
HBK HN

HBK HN
145
MBA lm vic song song

HBK HN
Tng t cc phng thc bo v trc
Do my bin p vn hnh song song: cc bo v qu dng l loi c nh

hng (67 & 67N)

HBK HN
146
MBA lm vic song song c thanh gp phn on

HBK HN

HBK HN
147
MBA ba cun dy

HBK HN

HBK HN
148
MBA t ngu

HBK HN

HBK HN
149
MBA t ngu ln v quan trng

HBK HN
150
Chng 08
Bo v cc h thng thanh gp

HBK HN
151
Thanh gp: kt ni nhiu phn t

H thng bo v c vai tr quan trng
Thi gian tc ng cc ngn m bo n nh ca h thng
Rle hin i: tc ng ch trong vng 1 chu k
H thng bo v: phi c tin cy & an ton cao

S dng cc nguyn l d phng: tn hiu ct phi c kim tra qua
nhiu khu c lp

HBK HN
Nguyn l "2 trong 3" m bo an ton

HBK HN
152
c im:
S lng ngn l ln s lng tn hiu, dy dn ln s dng cu
trc phn tn
C ch kim tra chng tc ng nhm: check zone
D gp hin tng bo ha my bin dng
Bo ha
Vng bo v
Vng bo v

HBK HN
S c trong vng bo v
S c ngoi vng bo v

HBK HN
153
Gii thiu cu trc bo v thanh gp kiu tp trung

S dng nguyn l bo v so lch
Tn hiu dng in t tt c cc ngn l c a v rle trung tm:
s lng dy dn nhiu.

HBK HN

HBK HN
154
Gii thiu cu trc bo v thanh gp kiu phn tn

Khi iu khin trung tm (Central Unit)
Khi iu khin cp ngn l (Bay Unit)
S dng nguyn l bo v so lch

HBK HN

HBK HN
155
H thng chuyn mch dng

Mt ngn l c th ni ti thanh gp 1 hoc 2 cn chuyn mch
BUS 1
dng ti bo v tng ng
+
ISOLATOR 1
BUS 1
BUS 2
7B
7A
ISOLATOR 1 OPEN
F1a
F1c
F1b
ISO 1
Contact Input F1a On

Contact Input F1c On
ISO 2
BUS 1

HBK HN
CB 1
ISO 3
BYPASS
ISOLATOR 1
+
7B
7A
ISOLATOR 1 CLOSED
F1a
F1c
F1b
Contact Input F1a On

Contact Input F1c On

HBK HN
156
Cc phng thc bo v thanh gp

S kha lin ng
Thng dng li phn phi (mt ng cp ti TG)
Yu cu mt khong phn cp thi gian ngn
Tn hiu kha c th ni trc tip gia cc rle (dy ng)
BLOCK
50

HBK HN
50
50
50
50
50

HBK HN
157
Cc phng thc bo v thanh gp

Bo v so lch
S dng nguyn l hm
Dng hm: tng dng, dng ln nht, mt phn tng dng..

HBK HN
87
51

HBK HN
158
Chc nng kim tra vng bo v (check zone)

Khi mch dng t mt ngn l hng dng so lch bng chnh dng
ti ngn l rle tc ng nhm.
Gii php:

Dng khi ng ln hn Iti max: gim nhy

S dng chc nng check zone: ly tng tt cc cc dng in vo h thng
thanh gp

HBK HN
Ch tc ng khi: bo v vng & bo v check zone cng tc ng
159
Chng 9
Bo v cc my pht in
Bo v my pht in

HBK HN
160
Phng thc bo v khuyn co cho cc MF

HBK HN
(O: ty chn, X: nn dng, Y: thy in tch nng)
Bo v my pht in

HBK HN
161
Nguyn tc d phng: nguyn tc n-1 hng hc 1 phn t

khng gy gin on h thng
D phng mt phn:
Hai h thng rle bo v
C th s dng chung cc bin p o lng
Chung ngun nui
My ct c th ch c mt cun ct
HBK HN
Bo v my pht in

HBK HN
162
Nguyn tc d phng: nguyn tc n-1 hng hc 1 phn t

khng gy gin on h thng
D phng y :
Bin p o lng ring bit
Hai h thng bo v ton phn
Ngun nui rle ring bit
Tn hiu ct i theo cc h thng khc nhau

HBK HN
Chc nng bo v qu dng (50, 51)

HBK HN
163
My pht in ly in p kch t ca u cc:

Ngn mch gn in p u cc st gim dng in ngn mch
b gim i bo v khng nhy
Gii php:
t dng khi ng thp
Kt hp kha in p thp (27 hay U<)
Tn ting Anh: Voltage Controlled Overcurrent Protection
Ci t:
Dng
in:
Nguyn
Xun cao
Tng hn
Bm H 20-30%
thng in dng ti max
HBK HN
Kha in p thp (27): nh hn 80% Unh mc
Chc nng bo v qu dng (50, 51)

HBK HN
164
Phn bit hai loi bo v

Bo v qu dng kt hp vi kha in p thp
51 & 27= Voltage Controlled Overcurrent
Bo v qu dng kt hp hm in p (51V)

Voltage-Restraint Overcurrent
T ng iu chnh gi tr dng khi ng theo in p
Khi in p gim dng khi ng c t ng gim i

HBK HN
Chc nng ny s kha khi mt

in p nh th
Bo v qu dng th t nghch (46 hay I2>)

HBK HN
165

Tn gi khc: Unbalance Load Protection

Dng th t nghch (TTN)
T trng quay qut ngc chiu gy dng xoy pht nng
Bo v: l loi c thi gian theo m hnh nhit ca i tng
S c ngn mch
khng i xng
HBK HN
Bo v so lch (87G)

HBK HN
166
Nguyn tc thc hin
Bo v so lch
dc

HBK HN
Bo v so lch
ngang
Bo v mt kch t (Loss of Field - 40)

HBK HN
167
Cng lin kt gia roto & stato

Ph thuc vo ln ca t trng to bi h thng kch t
in p kch t b gim thp lin kt b yu i mt ng b gia
roto v t trng ca cun stato.
Bo v mt kch t:
Bo v cc MF: khng ri vo tnh trng lm vic mt ng b khi
xy ra h hng trong h thng kch t
Trnh c cc nh hng xu ti n nh ca h thng.
Bo v ny hot ng da trn:
HBK HN
Kh nng pht/nhn cng sut phn khng ca MF

Biu gii hn cng sut pht (Generator Capability Curve)

HBK HN
168
Generator Capability Curve: cng sut phn khng b gii hn

Gii hn dng in trong cun
kch t (Field Current Heating
Limit): gii hn bi pht nng
trong cun dy roto

HBK HN
Dng in trong cun dy stato

(Amature Current Heating
Limit): khng c vt qu
mc pht nng cho php

HBK HN
169

HBK HN
Gii hn pht nng li thp ti cnh ca

stato(End Region Heating Limit): kh
nng nhn cng sut phn khng ca my
pht ch thiu kch t

HBK HN
170

HBK HN

HBK HN
171
Gii hn
n nh
tnh &
ng
HBK HN
L thuyt
Thc t

HBK HN
172
Da theo c tnh c hai phng php bo v chng mt

kch t (thiu kch t)
1. S dng tng tr: rle tng tr nhn vo MF

Khi pht Q: in khng o c ln hn 0 (X>0)

Khi nhn Q (thiu kch t): in khng o c nh hn 0 (X<0)
Cn qui i c tnh P&Q sang tng tr R&X bin i phc tp, khng
trc quan

HBK HN
2. S dng gi tr tng dn (ring Siemens p dng)

HBK HN
173
Da theo c tnh c hai phng php bo v chng mt

kch t (thiu kch t)

Cho php qui i trc tip P&Q sang G&B

Bin i trc quan

HBK HN

HBK HN
174

c tnh lm vic
o Khi im lm vic
HBKca
HN my pht vt qu c tnh 1 & 2: bo v lm vic tr
sau 10 giy
o m bo b kch t nng in p tr li mc cn thit
o Nu b iu chnh hng rt ngn thi gian ct Thc hin bng cch
gim st in p kch t (chc nng Uexcit.<)
o Khi vt c tnh 3: ct tc thi
Bo v chng lung cng sut ngc (32R)

HBK HN
175

Reverse Power Protection

Nng lng s cp b mt MF hot ng ch ng c
Nu cn h thng kch t: ng c ng b
Ngc li: nh ng c khng ng b.
Ch ng c gy nguy him cho tuabin:

Pht nng qu mc cnh tuabin hi do hi khng lu chuyn c
lm mt
Nguy him cho hp s ca cc tuabin kh do cc hp s ny khng
c thit k ch quay ngc.

HBK HN
Nguyn nhn:
Li vn hnh
Trc trc my ct u cc khng ct khi ngng t my
Hng hc c kh
Bo v chng lung cng sut ngc (32R)

HBK HN
176
Bo v
Bo v c kh v theo tn hiu in
ln lung cng sut ngc ty thuc:

Ma st, tn hao do tuabin hot ng nh my nn
Tn hao in trong my pht
ln dng cng sut ngc rt b php o phi chnh xc

Ch s dng thnh phn TTT ca dng v p
Sai s gc ca BU & BI gy sai s php o phi a vo trong tnh
tonNguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in
HBK HN
Bo v thng l loi c tr
Trnh cc bin ng ngn hn
Trong khi ha ng b hoc dao ng inc th c lung cng sut
ngc
Bo v chng chm t 90% (59N, 64G, 67G)

HBK HN
177
L do
My pht in:

Trung tnh cch in

Ni t qua tng tr
Hn ch dng chm t
Chm t cun stato:

Cch in b ha than ti li thp

H quang ti li thp.
Thc nghim cho thy:

Chm
pht
hin
quang dng in 5A c th ph hy cch in l
Nguynt
Xunc
Tng
Bm sinh
H thng
HBK
thp stato
sHN
c tip theo
Khng c mt tiu chun c th v gi tr dng in chm t

Thng c gii hn trong khong 515A

HBK HN
178
Nguyn l bo v trong rle 7UM62

Da theo in p im trung tnh cun dy stato
Khi chm t vecto in p 3 pha mt cn bng im trung tnh
b dch chuyn in th tng ln khc 0.
Cch in
Bnh thng
Ni qua tng tr
Chm t

HBK HN
Da theo dng in chm t

Vi cc MF c ph ti a phng (cp) dng chm t c th
xc nh s c
tng nhy: s dng BI th t khng (core balance CT)
S dng b nh hng cng sut: s c trong & ngoi my pht

HBK HN
179
Phng php o in p im trung tnh

My bin in p ni ti trung tnh cun dy
My bin p trung tnh

HBK HN
Cun tam gic h ca MBA

to trung tnh gi

HBK HN
180
Phng php o dng chm t

HBK HN

HBK HN
181
Logic bo v chng chm t

in p im trung tnh vt qu ngng ci t
Dng in chm t vt qu ngng
Hng vo trong my pht
Ukhi ng > Ukhng i xng trong vn hnh t 510% Upha
Bo v c 9095% cun dy stato tnh t u cc

HBK HN
Bo v chng chm t 100%

HBK HN
182
S dng sng hi bc 3 (27/59TN 3rd Harm.)

in p do MF sinh ra c c thnh phn bc 3
Thnh phn bc 3 c tnh cht nh thnh phn TTK

HBK HN
Phn b in p bc 3 lc bnh thng

HBK HN
183

Chm t gn trung tnh: gi tr in p bc 3 ti u cc ln nht
s dng rle in p cao (59)

HBK HN
Chm t ti trung tnh

HBK HN
184

Bnh thng c in p bc 3 ti trung tnh
S c: in p ny v xp x 0 dng rle in p thp (27)
Bnh thng

HBK HN
Chm t ti trung tnh

HBK HN
185

Dng rle in p cao (59)
Hoc dng rle in p thp (27)
S dng cng vi s bo v 90%
Phi c vng chng ln
ln
in p bc 3 ph thuc ti rle 7UM62x t ng thay i
gi tr chnh HBK
nhHNtheo dng ti.

HBK HN
186
S dng ngun ph tn s thp

L do
Cc phng php trn ph thuc c tnh MF
S lng ph ti, s lng ng dy, cp
S theo in p bc 3 c im cht trong vng bo v
Gii php
Pht ngun ph c lp tn s thp vo cun dy my pht
Gim st dng in do in p tn s thp ny gy ra
HBK HN

187
S dng ngun ph tn s thp

Nguyn l
Pht in p tn s thp vo trung
tnh
in p sinh ra dng in
ln dng in: ty theo tng tr
ngun pht & in dung cun stato
vi t (Xc)
Khi chm t: in dng b ni tt
Nguyn
Xuntng
Tng ln
Bm H thng in
dng
in
HBK HN
Tn s thp :
Dung khng (Xc) c gi tr ln dng

in nh dng khi ng thp tng
nhy
Trnh nhiu do in p ca MF gy ra,
d lc.

HBK HN
Bo v chng chm chp gia cc vng dy

HBK HN
188

Dng s c ny kh xy ra
Vi MF cun dy c nhiu vng (MF thy in): nn t
Kh pht hin bng cc bo v thng thng
Phng php bo v vi MF c cun dy phn chia

HBK HN
Bo v chng chm t cun dy roto (64R)

HBK HN
189

Chm t mt im: khng gy nguy him cnh bo

L tin cho chm t im th hai
Chm t im th hai:
Mt s vng dy b ni tt
T trng b lch
Gy rung ng mnh bt buc phi ct nu rung vt qu
ngng cho php

HBK HN

HBK HN
190
Phng thc bo v n gin
S dng hai n
Bnh thng:
HBKhai
HN n sng
bng nhau
Chm t mt nhnh: n ti
hn
S dng ng h o in
Chm t mt nhnh: kim

ng h lch v pha tng
ng
Khng pht hin chm t ti

trung im
Khng pht hin chm t ti

trung im
Phng php bm ngun ph

HBK HN
191
Phng thc bm ngun ph xoay chiu

in p xoay chiu bm vo mch roto
qua rle qu dng (64F)
T C:
Hn ch dng khi c s c chm t
Cch ly
Dng in qua rle 64F:

IC: dng in dung (in dung roto)
Nguyn Xun
Tng cch
Bm H thng
IG: dng
r qua
ininca roto (rt
HBK HN
nh)
Dng khi ng: Ikhi ng (IC+IG)
Khi s c chm t in dung b ni tt dng in qua

rle tng ln rle khi ng.

HBK HN
192
Phng thc bm ngun ph xoay chiu

Nhc im:
Hot ng ph thuc ch ni t roto
Nu ni t qua bi trc quay

Mng du dn in km
Rle khng nhy
Nu tng in p bm vo chc thng
mng du dn in tt
Nhc: n mn in ha ti bi trc quay
GiiNguyn
phpXun
khc:
than
ni t
Tng chi
Bm H thng
in
HBK HN

HBK HN
193
Phng thc bm ngun ph mt chiu

u im:
Trnh c dng in dung qua t

HBK HN
194
Hng dn bi tp di
Ni dung cn lm
195
bi

HBK HN

HBK HN
Ni dung cn lm

HBK HN
196
Chn s liu: La chn = S d ca php chia {S th t/n}

n=3
n=4
n=4
n=6
n=3
n=3
n=5
n=4
n=3

HBK HN
n=6
n=4
Nu php chia khng c s d: ly s cui cng ca dy s liu
Ni dung cn lm

HBK HN
197
V d: s th t trong danh sch lp l 32

S d bng 2: chn s th 2 ca dy s liu
32/3 cn d 2
n=3
n=4
32/4 cn d 0
S d bng 0: chn s cui cng ca dy s liu

HBK HN
Chn bin dng in (BI) & Tnh ton ngn mch

HBK HN
198

Tham kho ti liu km theo

Kt qu tnh ngn mch
Nguyn Xun Tng Bm

H thng in
Inmax
N5
HBK HN
I0max N5
I0max N9
Inmax N9
Inmin N9
Inmin N5
I0min N5
I0min N9
Tnh ton chnh nh cc bo v

HBK HN
199
Chnh nh bo v qu dng ct nhanh I>> (50)

Thi gian:

HBK HN
t50/BV1 = 0 (giy)
t50/BV2 = 0 (giy)
Dng khi ng:

Ik50/BV1=Kat*Ingn mch ngoi max = Kat*Inmax N5

Ik50/BV2=Kat*Ingn mch ngoi max = Kat*Inmax N9
Vi Kat=1,11,2 (ty chn)

HBK HN
200
Xc nh vng bo v ct nhanh
Da theo dng ngn mch v dng khi ng tnh xc nh
vng c bo v ct nhanh

Ik50/BV1= Kat*Inmax N5
Ik50/BV2=Kat*Inmax N9
Ik50/BV1
Ik50/BV2
Inmax N5 Lct nhanh min=0
L
Inmax N9
ct nhanh
minTng Bm H thng in
Nguyn
Xun
HBK HN
L(km)
Lct nhanh max

Lct nhanh max

HBK HN
201
Chnh nh bo v qu dng ct nhanh th t khng I0>> (50N)

Thi gian:

HBK HN
t50N/BV1 = 0 (giy)
t50N/BV2 = 0 (giy)
Dng khi ng:

Ik50N/BV1=Kat*3I0ngn mch ngoi max = Kat*3I0max N5

Ik50N/BV2=Kat*3I0 ngn mch ngoi max = Kat*3I0max N9
Vi Kat=1,11,2 (ty chn)

HBK HN
202
Xc nh vng bo v ct nhanh th t khng

Tng t vi bo v ct nhanh
Ik50N/BV1
Ik50N/BV2
3I0max N5
Lct nhanh min
LctTng
Nguyn Xun
Bm
nhanh
max H thng in
HBK HN
3I0max N9
L(km)
Lct nhanh max

Lct nhanh min=0

HBK HN
203
Bo v qu dng th t khng c thi gian I0> (51N)

Dng khi ng:

HBK HN
Ik51N/BV1=(0,10,3)*I
nh mc BI1
Ik51N/BV2=(0,10,3)*I nh mc BI2
Thi gian: phi hp vi cc bo v th t khng lin k

t51N/BV2 = tpt2 + t (giy)

t51N/BV1 =max{t51N/BV2; tpt1} + t (giy)
Chn bc phn cp thi gian t=0,30,5 giy (ty )

HBK HN
204
Bo v qu dng c thi gian I> (51)

Dng khi ng:

HNmax qua D2
Ik51/BV2=K*IHBK
lm vic

Ik51/BV1=K*I lm vic max qua D1

Vi h s K =1,6
Thi gian: s dng c tnh ph thuc & phi hp vi cc bo v th

t khng lin k

HBK HN
205
N9
N5

Thi gian: s dng c tnh ph thuc & phi hp vi cc bo v th
t khng linHBK
kHN

t51BV2/ngn mch ti N9 = tpt2 + t (giy)

Chn bc phn cp thi gian t=0,30,5 giy (ty )
T tnh ra c gi tr t51BV2/ngn mch ti N9

HBK HN
206
N9
N5

c gi tr t51BV2/ngn mch ti N9
bit: bo v 2 lm vic vi c tnh nh sau:
Trong cng thc ny:
Bm
Hca
thngbo
in v khi s c ti im no
t:Nguyn
thi Xun
gianTng
lm
vic
HBK HN
(khi s c ti N9 th thi gian l t51BV2/ngn mch ti N9 bit)
Ik: dng khi ng ca bo v 2 ( bit l Ik51/BV2=K*I lm vic max qua D2)
I: dng ngn mch ti im ang tnh (N9): bit l Inmax N9
Cn li Tp cha bit (Tp: bi s thi gian ca bo v): cn tm

HBK HN
207
N9
N5

Cn li Tp cha bit (Tp: bi s thi gian ca bo v): cn tm

Thay tt c cc gi tr bit vo cng thc
tm ra gi tr Tp ca bo v 2: Tp/BV2
HBK HN
c tnh lm vic ca BV 2

HBK HN
208
N9
N5
Tm thi gian lm vic ca bo v 2 (BV2) vi cc im s c

cn li

Bit dng in ti N5N9 ch max

Ln lt thay vo cng thc ca BV2 bit tnh ra thi gian tng ng
VNguyn
d: Xun Tng Bm H thng in
Tnh ra c
HBK HN
tBV2/N7
bit
Bit dng in
Inmax N7
Thay vo y
bit

HBK HN
209
N9
N5
Ti mi im t N5N9: tnh c thi gian lm vic tng ng

ca BV2 (vi dng in InmaxN5InmaxN9)
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9

HBK HN
tBV2/N9(Inmax)
D1
D2
L(km)

HBK HN
210
N5
Tnh ton tip vi BV1:

Ti N5: nu BV2 khng tc ng th BV1 phi tc ng phi chnh
nh thi gian ca BV1:
t51BV1/ngn mch ti N5 = t51BV2/ngn mch ti N5 + t (giy)

HBK HN
Tnh c ra
gi tr ny
bit
0,3 giy

HBK HN
211
N5

Vi gi tr thi gian lm vic ca BV1 ti N5 bit

Phng trnh lm vic ca BV1
Tnh ra c
?
HBK HN
c tnh lm vic ca BV1

bit
t51BV1/ngn mch ti N5
Ik51/BV1
InmaxN5
bit

HBK HN
212
N9
N5
Tng t vi BV2: ti mi im t N1N5: tnh c thi gian

lm vic tng ng ca BV1 (vi dng in InmaxN1InmaxN5)
N1
N2
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9

HBK HN
t
tBV2/N9(Inmax)
D1
tBV1/Inmax
D2
L(km)

HBK HN
213

C y phng trnh lm vic ca BV1 & BV2

Bit ln dng ngn mch c ch min: tnh ton tip
thi gian v ra ng c tnh thi gian ng vi Inmin
tBV1/Inmin
N1
N2
tBV2/Inmin
N3
N4
N5
N6
N7
N8
N9
t
D1
HBK HN
D2
tBV1/Inmax
KT THC
L(km)
tBV2/Inmax

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BO V RLE

Ging vin: Nguyn Xun Tng

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Gii thiu chung

Cc phn t chnh ca h thng bo v rle

Nguyn l bo v so lch dng in

Nguyn l bo v khong cch

Chng 10: Bo v cc my pht & ng c

Bo v cc h thng t b & khng b

Khi nim chung

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

S cn thit phi c h thng bo v t ng

Ging st, hng cch in, cnh cy va chm

Phn x ca con ngi khng th kp thi

Cn thit phi c h thng bo v t ng cch ly cc phn t b

Tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng ca cc thit b v h thng

Cch ly cc phn t b s c (ct my ct - MC)

Khi nim chung

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Thit b bo v n gin nht l cc cu ch (cu chy),

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Khi nim chung

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Thit b bo v phc tp hn l cc rle vi cc nguyn l khc

Rle tri qua nhiu th h pht trin

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Rle tnh (bn dn)

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

S c ti N3: ch yu cu BV3 tc ng, cc BV cn li s tr v khi s c b

Vi cc li in c cu hnh phc tp:

S dng cc nguyn l bo v phc tp hn

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

m bo chn lc: tbv1> tbv2 > tbv3

X l: m bo sao cho thit hi ti ph ti l nh nht

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

S cu trc ca h thng BVRL

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Vi cc h thng quan trng: s dng h thng d phng kp

Hai mch cp ngun thao tc ring, hai bo v

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Tn gi chung: BI, CT, TI

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Sai s ca BI xut hin do tn ti ca dng t ha

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Xc nh nhanh cc tnh BI:

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

B lc dng inth t khng (I0)

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

u ni BI lc thnh phn TTK

Do s dng 3 BI ring bit nn s c sai s gia cc BI

Ch s dng o dng chm t ln dng mng in c dng chm t ln:

B lc dng inth t khng (I0)

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

u ni BI lc thnh phn TTK

Bin dng c mt li t hnh xuyn

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

Nguyn Xun Tng Bm H thng in

u ni BI lc thnh phn TTK

Do ch s dng mt li t sai s o lng rt nh