RADIO- CASSETTE

BAI M AU
LCH S PHAT TRIEN NGANH
IEN T THONG TIN
1- LCH S PHAT TRIEN CUA NGANH VO TUYEN
Vo tuyen ien va ien t
hoc la mot nganh hoc mi phat
trien nhng a co nhng bc
phat trien manh me va ngay
cang hoan chnh, phong phu,
ong gop rat nhieu cho viec
phuc vu nen kinh te quoc dan,
phuc vu quoc phong va nhieu
lnh vc nghien cu khoa hoc khac.
Vo tuyen co ngha la khong day.
Vo tuyen ien (VT) la nganh khoa hoc nghien cu
bien phap thc hien s lien lac, truyen
at nhng tn hieu, tin tc, thong tin,
tham do gia hai hoac nhieu iem ma
khong co day dan noi gia nhng
iem o, ch da vao bc xa va lan
truyen cac song ien t.
ien t hoc la
nghien cu viec khong
chuyen dch cua luong
vao hieu qua cua s
e thc hien cac muc
dang cua loai ngi.

nganh khoa hoc

che, ieu khien
ien t va da
khong che nay
ch vo cung a

1 - Lch s phat sinh va phat trien

Phat sinh ve vo tuyen ien khong phai la cong trnh
cua mot ca nhan hoac cua mot nc nao ma la cua
nhieu nc cua nhieu nha khoa hoc va phai trai qua mot
thi gian dai mi tien ti bc hoan chnh
Nam 1873 Moac-Xoen, nha vat ly hoc
ngi Anh a ra ly luan ve song ien t.

Nam 1888 ong Hec, nha bac

hoc c. Ong a xac nh, chng
s ton tai cua song ien t.

minh

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Nam 1895 Po Pop, nha bac hoc ngi Nga mi

phat minh ra bo may thu vo tuyen au tien tren the gii.

Ngay 7-5-1895 ong a em bo may o ra bieu

dien hoi nghien cu vat ly va hoa hoc Nga

en
Nam
ien
Nam

Nam 1904 Flem-minh, nha bac hoc Anh phat minh ra

ien
t
hai
cc
1913 may thu oi tan. May tao song cao tan dung en
t
ra
i
1920 co ai phat thanh vo tuyen ien

Nam 1924 phat minh ra en 4 cc

Nam 1931 phat minh ra en 5 cc

Sau chien tranh the gii lan hai, dung cu ban dan
phat trien manh a thay the en ien t vi u iem hieu
suat cao, khoi lng nho.
Nhng ai phat thanh au tien tren the gii la ai
Matxcva vao nam 1922 co cong suat la 12kw, ai Quoc Te
Cong San nam 1932 co cong suat la 40kw, vao nam 1936
cong suat en 500kw.

Ngay nay cac ai phat thanh quoc te co cong

suat en hang ngan kw, nhieu nganh khoa hoc khac nh
raa, t ong hoa, ieu khien xa luyen thep bang cao tan,
trong y te, may tnh . . .
2 - Tnh hnh phat trien ky thuat vo tuyen ien
t tren the gii
Ky thuat vo tuyen ien t cac
nc xa hoi chu ngha tien tien hang
au tren the gii, luon hng ve san
suat va phuc vu i song cho nhan dan
Lien Xo.
Nam 1950 mi co 9,68 trieu loa
truyen thanh.
Nam 1981 co 75 trieu may thu thanh,
75 trieu may thu hnh Phap co 7 ai
phat hnh ln va 8000 ai chuyen tiep
am bao cho gan het lanh tho co the
xem tuyen hnh c.
Noi chuyen ien thoai co the nhn
thay ngi vi mnh cung a c thc hien.
Ngoai ra vo tuyen ien t c ap dung nhieu vao
viec chinh phuc vu tru. Tuy nhien cac nc t ban, ky
thuat vo tuyen ien con hng vao cong nghiep chien
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tranh nh nem bom bang tia Lade, ieu khien may bay do
tham khong ngi lai. . .
3 - Tnh hnh phat trien ky thuat vo tuyen ien
t Viet Nam
Khi thc dan phap xam lc, vo tuyen ien c phuc
vu cho muc ch an ap va boc lot.
Nam 1935 mot so cong ty t ban at ai phat thanh
Sai Gon, Ha Noi va Hai Phong. Ben canh o thc dan
Phap phat trien he thong thong tin vo tuyen phuc vu cho
hang hai, hang khong . . .
Ngay 7- 9-1945 ai tieng noi Viet Nam c phat thanh
au tien t thu o Ha Noi.
Nam 1969 nganh vo tuyen truyen hnh ra i
Ngay nay, tram nghien cu vu tru cung hoat ong. o
cung la nhng bc tien cua nganh ky thuat vo tuyen
ien t nc ta.

Phan I: RADIO
Bai 1

NGUYEN TAC THU PHAT SONG

IEN T
I- TONG QUAT

1- Khai niem ve tn hieu (Signal)

Tn hieu am tan (fs) la tn hieu hnh sin co tan so thap
t 20Hz en 20KHz, muon truyen i xa (vai tram met hoac xa
hn na) th phai dung day dan, khong bang vo tuyen
c. Tc la tn hieu am tan khong the phat i xa trong
khong gian t do. Muon truyen i xa bang vo tuyen ta gi tn
hieu am tan vao tn hieu song mang, nh song mang lan
truyen en may thu di dang song ien t, truyen i vi
van toc rat nhanh va han che c nhieu tren ng
truyen. ong thi mot song mang co the mang c rat
nhieu thong tin khac nhau, ma khong b lan lon o la nh
ky thuat ieu che.
2- Song mang (fc: Carrier)
Trong ky thuat ieu che ta dung mot tn hieu co tan
so cao, co kha nang bc xa ra khong gian lan truyen i xa
c trong moi trng khong kh, nc ... e mang tin tc i
xa c bang vo tuyen, ta goi o la song mang.
3- Ky thuat ieu che (Modulation)

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Neu ta a tn hieu am tan vao mach ien e lam thay

oi song mang (bien o, tan so) goi la ky thuat ieu che
hay goi la bien ieu. Trong radio va tivi ta co cac kieu ieu
che nh sau:
ieu che AM: Amplitude Modulation: ieu che bien o
V

Hnh 7.1 Tn hieu a ieu

che AM

Hnh 7.2 Tn hieu a ieu

che FM

ieu
che
Frequency Modulation: ieu che tan so

FM:

ieu che SSB: Single Side Band: ieu che n bien

ieu che DSB: Double Side Band: ieu che song bien;
ieu che can bang
II- S O KHOI MOT MAY PHAT AM C BAN
Nguo
n
Tn
hieu

Tien
K

ieu
che
AM

ANT

KCS
Cao
tan

Dao
ong

(OSC)
1- Phan Tch Nhiem Vu Cac
Khoi
- Nguon tn hieu: Thu nhan cac tin tc au vao bien
oi ra cac dang song ien, e a vao mach khuech ai. Nh
tn hieu am thanh bien oi ra tn hieu dong ien hnh sin
- Tien khuech ai: khuech ai tn hieu ngo vao e co
bien o u ln trc khi a vao tang ieu che
- Dao ong: tao ra tn hieu hnh sin co tan so cao a
vao mach ieu che, con goi la mach dao ong tao song
mang, co tan so la tan so cua ai phat.
- ieu che AM: nham muc ch gi tn hieu am tan
vao trong tn hieu song mang, e nh tn hieu song mang
nay truyen i xa.
- ieu che AM: tn hieu am tan a vao mach ieu
che se lam thay oi bien o song mang. Nen ngo ra co tn
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hieu a c ieu che la tn hieu song mang co bien o

thay oi.
- KCS cao tan: nham khuech ai tn hieu sau khi a
ieu che co cong suat u ln, a en anten bc xa ra
khong gian thanh song ien t, e truyen en may thu.
2- Mach ieu che AM
a- Mach ien

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b- Phan Tch Nhiem vu linh kien:

-

R1, R2: cau phan the phan cc cho cc B/Q1.

- C2: Tu noi mass tn hieu am tan (tu thoat).

- C1: Tu noi mass cho T1 - loc cao tan
- T2: Ghep tn hieu song am en Q1.
- T1: Ghep tn hieu song mang en Q1.
- L1: Cuon can cao tan, loc cao tan.
- T3: Bien the cong hng tan so fc, tai cho Q1.
c - Nguyen ly hoat ong:
- Xet thi iem t 0 en t1 th khong co tn hieu am
tan (fs = 0).Tn hieu cao tan en cc B/Q1 khuech ai lay ra
t cc C truyen en T3 va cam ng qua cuon th lay ra
ngo OUT co dang song khong thay oi.
- T thi iem t t1 en t2 co tn hieu am tan a vao
ban k dng lam ien the cc B/Q1 tang len nen Q1
dan manh lam tang he so khuech ai do o tn hieu ngo ra
cua song mang bien o c tang ln len theo am tan.
- T thi iem t2 en t3, tn hieu am tan bat au giam
nen tn hieu Vout cung co bien o giam dan.
- T thi iem t3 en t4 tn hieu am tan co ban k am
nen lam giam phan cc cho Q1 do o Q1 dan yeu, o
khuech ai giam tn hieu song mang ra giam theo. en t 4 f(s)
am nhat nen tn hieu ra co bien o nho nhat.
- Tng t t t4 en t5 ...
Nh vay tn hieu am tan a vao a lam thay oi bien
o song mang, nen ta goi la ieu che bien o hay ieu
che AM (Amplitude Modulation)
V

Hnh 7.1 Tn hieu a ieu che

AM

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d.
-

Dang song tn hieu ra nh sau:

f(s): Tn hieu am tan (AF).
f(c): Tn hieu song mang (RF).
f(m): Tn hieu cao tan a ieu che AM (RF).
Hnh 7.3 Tn hieu ieu che AM

Trong ky thuat ieu che AM, neu song mang co tan so

la f(C), tn hieu am tan a vao ieu che co tan so la f (S),
th ngo ra sau khi ieu che se co 3 tn hieu c ban la f (C) ; (fC
+ fS) ; (fC - fS) va cac song hai cua chung. v tan so cao
neu a hai tn hieu co tan so khac nhau vao mot mach
khuech ai th ngo ra se co s tron song, tao ra cac tn
hieu tong va hieu cung cac song hai bac 2, bac 3 en
bac n, co tan so gap 2, gap 3, gap n lan. Ta ch xet 3 tn
hieu c ban nh v du sau:
Neu song mang co tan so la f(C) = 610KHz.
5KHz

Tn hieu am tan a vao ieu che co tan so la f (S) =

Song c ieu che se co cac tn hieu nh: f C = 610KHz

; (fC + fS) = 615KHz
(f C - fS) = 605KHz. Pho cua chung co
dang nh sau:

605
610
f (KHz)

615

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Neu tn hieu am tan a vao ieu che co tan so la

f(S) = 0 en 5KHz vao ieu che vi song mang tren th tn hieu
ngo ra se co pho lien tuc nh sau:

0
5

605

615
f (KHz)
BW

Goi BW la band thong cua ai phat hay con goi la kho

song :

BW = (fc + fs) (fc -fs)

V giai tan so dung cho band AM co gii han t 530 en

1650KHz, giai thong khoang 1100KHz. ma trong mot quoc gia
lai co rat nhieu ai phat, moi tnh thanh co mot ai AM,
moi ai phat co mot tan so rieng va chiem mot khoang
tan so can thiet (band thong). e hai ai phat co tan so
gan nhau ma khong b giao thoa song, khong gay nhieu lan
nhau th hai song mang chnh phai cach nhau toi thieu phai la
f = 2BW. V vay band thong cua ai phat AM b gii han
khoang 9KHz.
Vay tn hieu am tan a vao ieu che co tan so b
gii han tan so cao, ch cho phep ln nhat la 4,5KHz. Do
o ma band AM am thanh thu c nghe kem chat lng
ve am sac, khong co tieng treble (tan so cao).
III- MACH GIAI IEU CHE AM: Demodulation (tach song Detector)
may thu, anten thu c song ien t cua ai phat,
qua cac mach khuech ai roi a vao tang tach song, dang
song a vao la song mang cao tan, co bien o thay oi
theo song sin. Do o mach tach song co nhiem vu loai bo
song mang cao tan tai tao lai am tan nh ai phat a
vao ieu che.
Mach tach song thc chat la mach
nan ien mot ban ky, vi tu loc co tr
so nho e loai bo song mang cao tan,
neu song mang a vao co bien o cang
ln th ien ap DC ra cang cao va ngc
V
lai. Ngha la ien ap ra la thanh phan
DC thay oi theo song mang (do ieu
che), neu ta dung tu lien lac tach
thanh phan gn song ra khoi DC th ta thu
c tn hieu am tan nh ai phat a
vao ieu che. Mach ien nh sau:

-8Hnh 7.5 Tn hieu trung tan

sau diode

RADIO- CASSETTE

1IF3 EN

D1

R13

C13

C14

Mach
ien
dang
1

VOLUME

AGC

Hnh 7.4 Mach tach song am

tan

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2- Mach ien dang 2 (hnh 7.6)

Hnh 7.6

3- Phan tch
- iode D1 lam nhiem vu chnh lu na chu k cua song
mang,
- R1 ong vai tro nh tai cua mach chinh lu.
- C1 tu loc cao tan, khi diode dan th tu C1 nap va tu xa qua
R khi diode tat. Tu c c lien tiep nap xa qua R nen noi lien
cac song fC lai thanh mot ng cong lien tuc giong nh hnh
bao cua song mang. Neu tnh toan R va C cho phu hp th
song ra giong y nh ng bao (day vien) cua song mang o
la dang song sin trc khi a vao ieu che. Nhng tn hieu ra
co hai thanh phan: Mot mc DC trung bnh va mot song sin
bien thien tren mc DC, e lay song sin ra khoi DC ta mac
mot tu lien lac.
- Diode D1 c dung la loai tach song co ien the m
V nho = 0.1v (Ge), va hoat ong c tan so cao.

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- Neu thay Diode D1 bang diode thng Si th tn hieu ra

nho khong u mc dan cua diode nen diode luon luon tat
do o khong co tn hieu ra.
- Neu R, C qua nho (tu nho qua) th tn hieu ra khong
c lien lac. Cac ban k dng cua fC c ri rac nhau, song
ra khong tot tn hieu ra khong tot.
- Neu R, C qua ln th thi gian xa rat lau, lam bien
dang tn hieu ra, tn hieu ra bien thien khong kp vi song
mang, lam tn hieu b meo, co dang nh sau :

IV SONG IEN T

1- Khai niem:
La nhng dao ong ien va t co tan so rat cao ( f >
100 Khz) lan truyen c trong khong gian vi van toc bang
van toc anh sang . ( V = 300.000 Km/s).
2- ac trng:
Song ien t la dang vat chat nen no mang nang
lng, tren ng truyen nang lng se b giam dan, cac
vat the kim loai se hap thu manh song ien t .
3- Bc song: ():
La quang ng song i c trong mot
V
chu ky. n v tnh bang met (m).

f(Hz)
v du : song ien t cua mot ai phat co
tan so la f = 1000KHz th bc song la =
300m.
4- Tan so:
La ac trng quan trong cua song ien t no quy nh tnh
chat va s lan truyen cua song nay. Neu tan so cang
cao no mang c cang nhieu tin tc.
VI PHAN LOAI SONG IEN T
Da vao bc song ma ngi ta phan loai song ien t
nh sau:
1- Song dai: LW (Long wave)
Co tan so t 300Khz 500Khz, co bc song la =
1000m en 600m
+ u iem: Lan truyen i vong quanh chng ngai vat,
co kha nang i vong theo be cong trai at theo oan ngan
nen co tam hoat ong trung bnh, nc t hap thu song

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dai nen c dung trong hai quan, hang hai hoac thong
tin lien luc a.
+ Nhc iem: pho tan (kenh) ln khoang 9 Khz nen
am thanh phai c nen lai mi truyen i nhieu tn hieu
c, v dai tan so phat rat hep.
2- Song trung: MW (Medium wave )
Co tan so t 500 Khz 1600 Khz. co bc song la = 600m
en 200m

+ u iem: co kha nang phat c nhieu ai hn v co

dai tan rong hn LW .
+ Khuyet iem: tam hoat ong ngan hn song dai,
nen c dung lam ai phat thanh a phng, (ai phat
cac tnh ).
3. Song ngan: SW (short -wave)
Dai tan t (3Mhz 30Mhz), co bc song la = 100m
en 10m.
u iem: Truyen i rat xa, neu cong suat phat 10KW th
i c na vong trai at. V no phan xa gia mat at
va tan ien ly (tang ien ly cach mat at 120 Km). Bang
song nay c quoc te quan ly, ch dung cho cac ai
phat thanh cap quoc gia, phat thanh en cac nc tren
the gii.
Bang SW chia lam nhieu bang nh SW1 en SW6. Hoac
SW1 en SW3 ...
SW1 : 3Mhz 10Mhz.
SW2 : 10Mhz 20Mhz.
SW3 : 20Mhz 30Mhz.
4- Song sieu cao tan : VHF (Very Hight Frequency).
Day tan 30 300Mhz. Dung e phat thanh ai FM
truyen hnh .

va

+ u iem : co kha nang mang nhieu tin tc .

+ Nhc iem : tam hoat ong ngan lai b suy giam rat
manh, khong c tan ien ly phan xa va i xuyen qua
tang ien ly nen c dung e lien lac vu tru va ieu
khien t xa.
Day VHF chia lam cac bang nh : (tieu chuan FCC cua
My).
VL : kenh 1 en kenh 5 : f = 54 Mhz 84 Mhz.
VH : kenh 6 en kenh 12: f = 174 Mhz 216 Mhz.

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FM : 88 108 Mhz (tieu chuan quoc te, rieng cua Nhat

la 70 90 Mhz ).
5- Song sieu cc tan: UHF
Day tan 300Mhz -3Ghz. Dung trong truyen hnh bang UHF
co en 60 kenh trong band song nay co the dung song
Viba, song rada song Viba gia phat va thu phai nhn thay
nhau.
6- Song ve tinh:
Dai tan so t 3GHz en 14GHz
Bang C: c dung chau A co tan so 3 Ghz 4.2 Ghz.
Bang S: c dung chau My - My Latinh co tan so 5
Ghz 9 Ghz.
Bang KU: c dung chau Au va cac nc thuoc SNG
co tan so 10Ghz14 Ghz.
BAI 2

MAY THU AM

I- S O KHOI MAY THU AM

1.1 Phan t thu song :

L1 = 80 100
vong
L2 = 8 10 vong
CVA = 220p 470p

Thu nhan tn hieu t ai phat gi en, loai bo

nhieu, o la An-ten phoi hp vi mach cong hng L- C
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mach cong hng co tan so cong hng thay oi c t

min en max trong band tan cua may thu.
V du: band MW th cong hng t tan so 530KHz en
1650KHz
- Band LW co tan so t 300 en 500KHz.
- Band SW co tan so t 2.2MHz en 30MHz. e at chat
lng cao th band SW phai chia lam nhieu band nh SW = SW 1,
SW2 ..SW6.
- L1 t 80 en 100 vong quan tren loi than (Anten thu)
-

CVA: Tu xoay ieu chnh c t 220p en 470p.

Khi ieu chnh CVA max en min th tan so cong

hng se thay oi t min en max. trong band MW th:
-

tan so 530 KHz th

f = 2 L CV
1
Max

tan so 1650 KHz th

f = 2 L CV
1
min
V du: Muon thu c ai tieng noi nhan dan TP.HCM th
phai chnh CVA sao cho cong hng tan so 610 KHz (Ngi
s dung ra ai la chnh CV).
-

2.1 Khuech ai cao tan (RF Amp)

Nham khuech ai tn hieu thu c t anten cho ra
bien o ln len, e chong c nhieu.
Tan RF Amp khong khuech ai manh v tn hieu vao
la tan so cao va day thong rat rong. Mach khuech ai se
khong ap ng c o khuech ai nh nhau moi tan so,
do o phai co mach oi tan (v du : band AM : 530 KHz en
1650KHz)
3.1 Khoi oi tan va dao ong
- Bo dao ong tao ra tn hieu hnh sin co tan so (f (o)) e
a vao bo oi tan ket hp vi tn hieu t anten (f (a)) a
vao e cho tan so trung gian goi la trung tan f(IF)
fIF = fo fa = 455KHz
- Nh vay f0 phai thay oi sao cho IF la hang so
- Do o e thu c 1 tn hieu (fa) bat ky th phai chnh
bo cong hng thu song va bo dao ong sao cho tng ng
o

Thay oi 2 tu ong truc CVA va CVO

Thay oi ien ap phan cc cho 2 diode bien dung ( Diode

Vari Cap )
o

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- f(IF) ch la hang so khi f0 bien thien trong mot pham vi

nao o, e at chat lng cao th phai chia day tan f 0 ra
nhieu band : SW = SW1 ,SW2 .SW6. (nh tren)
- Vay khoi oi tan so chuyen tn hieu tan so cao thanh
tan so thap va la hang so. (Tieu chuan AM la 455 KHz) e
a en khuech ai trung tan.
4.1 Khuech ai trung tan va loc (IF AMP)
- Chon loc mot tan so trung tan. Khuech ai tn hieu
ln len nhieu lan: la khoi khuech ai chu yeu cho toan
may. V tn hieu trung tan luon luon la hang so, de dang
khuech ai co o li ln. Neu tn hieu trung tan b lech th
mat tn hieu ngo ra hoan toan.
- Tang IF AMP co 3 bien the trung tan cong hng
tan so fIF = 455KHz. (T3, T4 , T5 co loi ieu chnh c tan so
cong hng).
- IF1: loc tn hieu IF duy nhat a vao khuech ai, loai bo
cac tan so fa , fo va fa+fo
5.1 Khoi tach song (Detector):
Lam nhiem vu ngc lai vi tang ieu che
may phat. Ngha la bien oi tn hieu a ieu che
thanh tn hieu am tan, hay goi la loai bo song mang
tai tao lai am tan.
Ngo ra cua mach tach song co ca ien ap mot
chieu do diode chnh lu, dien ap nay ty le thuan
vi bien o tn hieu vao. Do o lay ien ap nay
phan cc ngc lai Transistor khuyech ai trung tan 2,
lam nhiem vu AGC (Auto Gain Control t ong ieu
chnh o li)
6.1 Khoi AGC: (hay AVC)
(AGC: Auto Gain Control: t ong ieu chnh o li, hay
AVC: Auto Volume control: t ong ieu chnh am lng)
Tn hieu thu c t anten luon co bien o thay oi, do
o tn hieu au ra loa co khuynh hng thay oi theo: luc
ln, luc nho goi la hien tng Fading (am thanh chap chn).
Mach AGC c thiet ke nham giam bt hien
tng Fading. Mach hoat ong nh sau:
Gia s tn hieu vao anten co bien o ln ieu nay
lam cho ien the am sau tach song tang len (am nhieu
hn) va tac ong en phan cc cho Q 2 lam cho Q2 dan yeu
hn, he so khuyech ai Q2 se giam do tn hieu ra khong tang
c. Va ngc lai neu tn hieu vao anten co bien o giam
th ien ap AGC se giam am lam Q2 dan manh (tang phan
cc) nen he so K Q2 tang do o tn hieu ra khong giam.
Noi cach khac khi tn hieu au vao thay oi nh mach AGC

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tn hieu au ra t bien oi. Xem nh hien tng Fading b loai

tr.
- Chu y: Vi ly giai tren th D 1 phai la tach song am
vi transistor la loai npn. Neu dung transistor la pnp th phai
la tach song dng.
7.1

Tien khuech ai va khuech ai cong

suat:
- Tien khuech ai: la mach K ien ap ln len a
en mach khuech ai cong suat
- Khuech ai cong suat: K cho cong suat ln phu hp
vi loa, a ra loa phat ra am thanh cho ngi nghe.
II- RADIO AM 1 BAND SONG MW:
2.1

Khoi cao tan:

2.1.1 S o khoi
- Gom cac thanh phan c ban nh sau: Bay song chon
ai, khuech ai cao tan, dao ong, tron song.
Ngo vao khoi cao tan la tn hieu thu t Anten co tan so t
530KHz 1650KHz tn hieu ra cua tang tron song la tn hieu
trung tan co tan so 455KHz nen ngi ta con goi ay la
khoi oi tan. Xem hnh 8.2

fA

Bay
song

Khuech ai
cao tan

Tron
song

IF

=455KHz

CVA
Dao
ong
CVO

Hnh 8.2
tan cong hng LC. Trong
- Khoi bay song that
sKhoi
la cao
1 mach
o cuon day chnh la cuon day Anten cua bang song MW

- 16 -

RADIO- CASSETTE

c quan tren loi than trong may, va tu song song cong

hng la CVA co the thay oi c ien dung. Nh vay ay
la khung dao ong co the thay oi c tan so cong
hng tnh theo cong thc:
fcong hng =

1
2

LC

Nh vay cuon day anten quan tren loi than trong may
se phoi hp vi C VA sao cho khi xoay CVA t gia tr nho nhat
en ln nhat th mach cong hng co the cong hng
c vi cac ai phat co tan so trong khoan 530KHz en
1650KHz.
- Khoi khuech ai cao tan: Khuech ai nang cao bien o tn
hieu thu c t anten (fA).
Khoi dao ong: Bien oi nang lng nguon DC thanh tn hieu
AC (fO) tron vi tn hieu thu t anten. Trong qua trnh tron tn
hieu (fA) va (fO) se xay ra cac qua trnh cong tr tan so tn
hieu lan nhau, nhng ta ch chon mot tan so la f IF = fO- fA =
455KHz. e gi vng tn hieu trung tan trong qua trnh chon
ai co fA thay oi th fO se thay oi theo, do o ngi ta s
dung CVA ong chnh vi CVO.
2.1.2 Mach ien:

VCC

R1

ANTEN MW
CVa

CVo

C1

CTo

Q1

CTa

C3
R2

DAO ONG O

IF1 VANG

C2

R3

Hnh 8.3 mach ien khoi cao

tan

Cuon day cong hng chon ai con goi la day anten

c quan tren loi than ben
trong may co 2 cuon day
s cap va th cap.
- 17 -

RADIO- CASSETTE

+ Cuon s cap thng co khoan 100

vong, neu dung ong ho o ohm
co ien tr khoan 4-8 ohm. Khi day
anten t ta co the thao ra quan
lai.
+ Cuon th cap co khoan 10-20
vong, noi tr rat nho gan bang
0 (Xem hnh 8.4)

Loi
than

S
Th
cap
cap
Hnh 8.4 Anten bang song
MW

- CVA va CVO c thiet ke chung trong

hop CV ong chnh chung 1 truc (Xem
hnh 8.5)

CtA

CtO

- CtA,CtO cua bang MW c at trong

CVO
CVA
hop CV co tac dung tinh chnh khi
san xuat bao am sao cho tat ca
Hnh 8.5 hop
cac radio khi xuat xng phai co
CV
cac thong so ky thuat giong nhau
tc la phai thu c cac ai phat AM trong bang song MW
co tan so t 530KHz 1600KHz (Xem hnh 8.6)
- R1, R2 tao ien the phan cc tiep giap JE transistor Q1.
- Q1 lam chc nang dao ong,
tron song va khuech ai cao tan.

CVAAM CtAAM

CVOAM CtoAM

- Cuon day dao ong cua bang

MW co loi sn mau o. c mac
song song vi CVO va CTO tao thanh
mach dao ong c cung cap
nang lng thong qua bien the
trung tan 1. Trong qua trnh sa
cha khong c tuy tien ieu
chnh cac CVO, CVA va loi cuon
day dao ong (hnh 8.7).

CVAFM

CVOFM

CtAFM

CtoFM

- C2 hoi tiep thuan gay dao ong.

- Bien the trung tan vang c
thiet ke cong hng tan so
455KHz va bang thong (BW) la
10KHz, lam nhiem vu lien lac va
loc tn hieu, a en khoi khuech
ai trung tan 2, loai bo cac tn
hieu co tan so khac gay nhieu
cho may.
2.1.3

Hnh 8.6 Cau truc trong hop

CV

Nguyen ly hoat

ong:
- May thu ang c at vung co
song cua 1 ai phat thanh nao
- 18 Hnh 8.7 Hop dao

RADIO- CASSETTE

o, khi ngi s dung do tm ai chnh la xoay CV, luc nay

tan so cong hng cua bay song thay oi, khi tan so dao
ong rieng cua bay song trung vi tan so song mang
cua mot ai phat nao o th hien tng cong hng xay
ra tren bay song. Luc nay tong tr cua bay song rat
ln oi vi tn hieu cua cua ai phat c cong hng
nen bien o tn hieu cua ai phat o ln, tng ng
au cuon day th cap ta cung se co bien o tn hieu
ln, ngha la tn hieu cua ai phat o a c chon. oi
vi cac ai phat co tan so song mang khong cong
hng th tong tr bay song nho, nen tn hieu cua cac
ai phat nay khong c cam ng qua cuon th cap
anten, do ty le cua bien ap anten la 10:1. Tn hieu cua ai
phat c chon fA c a vao chan B/Q1 khuech ai nang
cao bien o.
- Mach dao ong a tn hieu fO vao chan E/Q1 nh vay hai
tn hieu fO va fA c tron tai chan C transistor. Nh vay tai
chan C/Q1 ta co tn hieu trung tan co tan so 455KHz.
2.2

Khoi trung tan:

2.2.1 Khai niem

- Khoi trung tan thc chat la he khuech ai nang cao
bien o tn hieu sao cho khi tach song ta thu c tn hieu
am tan co bien o trung bnh khoan 1 V P-P tng thch vi
au vao cua mach am sac.
- e bao am tn hieu am tan au ra c on nh
trong trng hp may thu qua gan hoac qua xa ai
phat, khi o tn hieu cao tan thu c se thay oi co the
xay ra hien tng:
+ May thu gan ai phat th cho tn hieu ln co the
lam bao hoa tang khuech ai au vao cua mach am
sac gay ra hien tng meo bien o tn hieu ngo ra loa.
Ngc lai neu may thu qua xa ai phat tn hieu cao tan
thu c co bien o nho lam tn hieu au ra co bien o
nho gay ra hien tng thu c nhng nghe qua nho.
+ e khac phuc ngi ta s dung mach t ong ieu
chnh o li tang khuech ai trung tan AGC (Automatic Gain
Control) luon c thiet ke song song vi mach khuech ai
trung tan.
- Mach AGC hoat ong theo nguyen ly c ban do mc
ien ap DC trung bng cua mach tach song AM s dung
chnh ien ap nay ieu chnh phan cc cho transistor trung
tan 1 bao am sao cho tn hieu au ra mach tach song
co bien o on nh theo yeu cau.

- 19 -

RADIO- CASSETTE

- Tn hieu trung tan c chon thong qua bien the trung tan
1 co mau vang.
- Thng tang trung tan co t 2 en 3 tang khuech ai
lien lac bang cac bien ap cong hng nham loai bo
cac tn hieu nhieu khong phai la 455KHz.
Cac bien the ap trung tan eu cong hng tan so
455KHz tuy nhien he so pham chat Q cua 3 cuon day khong
giong nhau thng c ky hieu co mau vang, trang, en.
Nh vay neu cuon day nao co he so pham chat cao bang
thong se rong, tranh chuyen oi v tr cac cuon day trung
tan se lam nhiem nhieu vao khoi khuech ai trung tan,
lam giam chat lng am thanh.
2.2.2 Mach ien:
Xem mach ien nh hnh ve 8.8:
VCC
R6
R4

IF3 EN
IF2 TRANG

TACH SONG

Q3
Q2
C8

C5

C3
IF

IF1 VANG

C4

R5

C6

R8

C9

R7

C7
1n

R9

Tn hieu trung tan t mach oi tan a vao bien

the
AGC
trung tan 1 (vang) cong hng tan so 455KHz lien lac tn
hieu a vao chan B/Q2 khuech ai lan th nhat.
R4 cap ien the phan chan B/Q2.
R9 lay ien the AGC t mach tach tach song e ieu
chnh o li cua Q1 theo nguyen ly nh sau:
- Khi tn hieu vao co bien o ln tn hieu ra co bien o
ln dan en mc ien ap DC cua mach AGC tang theo
chieu am lam giam ien ap phan cc Q1 dan yeu giam
bien o tn hieu lay ra.
- Khi tn hieu vao co bien o nho th qua trnh dien ra
ngc lai.

- 20 -

RADIO- CASSETTE

R5 on nh nhiet Q2.

- C6 tu bypass tan so cao tang o li cho mach khuech ai

trung tan.
- C5 va C8 la hai tu trung hoa: Ta thay tn hieu tai cuon
day a vao tu C5 va C8 co pha ngc vi tn hieu tai
chan B transistor nh vay khi co tn hieu nhieu vao co bien
o ln thong qua ng hoi tiep nay se triet tieu cac tn
hieu nhieu.
2.3 Tang tach song:
Lam nhiem vu tai tao tn hieu am tan t tn hieu trung
tan co tan so 455KHz mang tn hieu am tan.
Xem mach ien nh hnh ve 8.9:

IF3 EN

D1

R13

C13

C14

VOLUME

AGC

Hnh 8.9 Mach tach song am

tan

Hnh 8.10 Tn hieu am tan sau tach

song

D1

- Ta thay mach tach song loai bo ban ky dng cua tn

hieu, ch gi lai ban ky am cua tn hieu trong khi o
Hnh 8.11cua
Tn hieu
phan dng
tn trung
hieu trung tan van Hnh
cha
phan
8.12 thanh
tn hieu trung
tan
tan
sau ta
diode
am tan tng t ban ky am. ay
thay transistor
trung tan loai NPN khi ta lay tn hieu sau tach song co ban
ky am qua 1 ien tr RAGC va tu loc CAGC tao thanh ien ap
- 21 -

RADIO- CASSETTE

DC am le thuoc vao bien o tn hieu ra chnh ien ap

nay se tao hieu ng t ong ieu chnh o li, neu ta
chnh lu ban ky dng th se tao hoi tiep dng. Nh vay
kieu tach song dng s dung cho mach trung tan s dung
transistor kieu PNP.
- C13, R13, C14 la mach tch phan tch hp cac bien cua tn
hieu trung tan chnh la tn hieu am tan ai phat cay
vao khi phat i. Do o ta thu c tn hieu am tan tai au
ra (hnh 8.12).
2.4 Phan tch mach radio AM 1 band MW: (xem hnh radio
AM hoan chnh)
- Q1 la transistor khuech ai cao tan, Q2 va Q3 la transistor
khuech ai trung tan.
- Cuon day anten cua band MW c quan tren loi than
at ben trong may c mac song song vi CT A va CVA nam
trong hop CV lam chc nang bay song chon ai.
- Tai cuon th cap anten MW ta thu c cac tn hieu song
mang (fA) cua cac ai phat thanh AM tren band song MW co
tan so t 530KHz 1600KHz.Tn hieu f A c a vao chan
B/Q1 khuech ai nang cao bien o thong qua tu lien lac C 1.
-

R1, R2 la cau phan ap tao ien the phan cc chan B/Q 1.

R3 on nh nhiet cho Q1.

- Cuon day dao ong co loi sn mau o c mac song

song vi CVO va CTO tao ra tn hieu fO a vao chan E/Q1
thong qua tu lien lac C2 (ay cung chnh la tu lien lac tn
hieu hoi tiep duy tr dao ong).
- Tai chan C/Q1 ta thu c tn hieu trung tan, a vao bien
the trung tan 1 cong hng tan so 455KHz bang thong
10 KHz, ch loc tn hieu co tan so 455KHz cac tn hieu co
tan so khac khong c lien lac en tan khuech ai trung
tan. Tn hieu trung tan c a en chan B/Q2 khuech ai
lan th nhat va lay ra tai chan C/Q 1. Tng t nh tren tn
hieu trung tan c khuech ai lan th hai bi Q2.
- D1, C13, R13, C14 la mach tach song am, tai tao lai tn hieu
am tan t song mang luc nay a c ha xuong thanh
tn hieu trung tan.
- R9 va C4 mach AGC lam chc nang t ong ieu chnh
o li cua mach khuech ai trung tan. Nguyen ly hoat
ong nh sau:
- Khi tn hieu vao co bien o ln, sau tach song mc
ien ap DC trung bnh au ra tang cao. Chnh ien ap am
nay lam giam phan cc BE/Q2, lam Q2 dan yeu, giam

- 22 -

RADIO- CASSETTE

bien o tn hieu ra va khong e Q2 bao hoa trong trng

hp tn hieu song mang co bien o qua ln i vao may
khi may thu qua gan ai phat.Qua trnh se dien ra
ngc lai khi may thu xa ai phat tn hieu thu vao co
bien o nho.

- 23 -

RADIO- CASSETTE

MACH IEN RADIO AM 1 BAND MW

R6

VCC

R4

IF3 EN

R1

DAO ONG O

D1

R13

IF2 TRANG
Q3

ANTEN MW
CVa

CVo

C1

C13

CTo

CTa

C8

C5

C3
R2

IF1 VANG

VOLUME

C2

R3

C14

Q2

Q1

C4

R5

C6

R8
R7

C7
1n

R9

- 24 -

C9

RADIO

2.5

Radio AM nhieu Band:

2.6.1 Nguyen tac:

Tng t nh radio AM 1 band, nhng e bat c nhieu ai
nhng khoang tan so khac nhau, ta s dung nhieu cuon
day anten ng vi moi band song. S dung chung CVA
thong qua cong tac oi band.
e co tan so trung tan khi tn hieu thu t anten cua
cac band song thay oi, th tan so cua tn hieu dao ong
phai thay oi theo, do o tng ng vi moi band song ta lai
co cac cuon day dao ong s dung chung CVO thong qua
cong tac oi band.
2.6.2 Phan tch mach radio AM nhieu band song.
Xem mach ien nh hnh ve

ANTEN

MACH IEN RADIO 2 BAND MW-SW

L1
VCC

R1

L2

R3

C1

R4

CTa1

SW1

SW

IF2 TRANG
SW1

MW

MW

IF1 VANG

SW

Q2
CVa

CTa2

L3

L4

C5

C2

C7

Q1
2N2904
R2

SW1

MW

SW
C6

C7

L8

L5

R6

SW1

MW

L6

CTo1

L7

PORTLEFT-L

SW

C3

DAO ONG O

R5

C4

CVo

CTo2

L9

L10
DAO ONG HONG

- 25 -

RADIO

- L1 la cuon day lay tn hieu t anten rod tang cng tn

hieu cho cho loi than.
- L2 la cuon day anten cua band SW1, co Cta 1song song lam
chc nang tinh chnh khac phuc sai so sao cho khi chnh CV A
t min en max th bay song cua band SW phai bat c
cac ai phat co song mang t 1,7MHz en 7MHz.
- L3 la cuon s cap anten cua band song MW, L4 la cuon
th cap lay tn hieu bang cam ng.
- Hai cuon day bay song cua hai band song s dung chung
CVa thong qua cong tac oi band. Khi chuyen cong tac ve
band song nao th CVA se c ni vao cuon day cua band
song o.
- Tn hieu fA cua band SW c lay bang t ngau va a vao
chan E / Q1
- Tn hieu fA cua band MW c lay bang cam ng thong
qua cam ng cuon th cap va a vao chan B/Q1.
- L6 la cuon day dao ong cua bang song MW.
- L5 la cuon day cung cap nang lng cho khung dao ong.
- L7 la cuon day lay tn hieu f O tron vi tn hieu fA tai
cuon th cap anten.
- L8 la cuon day dao ong cua bang song SW.
- L9 la cuon day cung cap nang lng cho khung dao ong.
- L10 la cuon day
chan B/Q1.

lay tn hieu fO tron vi tn hieu fA tai

- Tai chan C/Q1 ta thu c tn hieu trung tan, phan trung tan
cua radio nhieu band hoan toan giong nh radio 1 band.
2.7 Radio AM dung IC
2.7.1

Mach ien nguyen ly:

- 26 -

RADIO
VCC

IF1

C.F.
455KHz

IF
out

IFin

IC RADIO AM

L1

Ct1

1n

L2

RFin

L5

SW1

Vcc
AM

OSCI

MW

AF out

OSCI

MW

SW1

SW2
MW

L11

L8

Ct4

SW2

MW

SW1
SW2

SW1
Ct2

L3

L6

FM

FM

L12

L9

Ct5

FM

SW2
FM

CVa
Ct3

L4

L7

L13

L10

Ct6

MACH IEN NGUYEN LY RADIO AM DUNG IC

Quan sat mach ien nguyen ly ta thay co 3 thanh phan

chnh cua Radio AM nam ngoai IC la:
- Cac cuon cuon day anten phoi hp vi CV A tao thanh

mach bay song chon ai.

- Cac cuon cuon day dao ong phoi hp vi CV O tao thanh

mach dao ong tao fO.

- Cac cuon cuon day trung tan va thach anh chon loc tn

hieu trung tan.

2.7.2 Phan tch mach:

- 27 -

CVo

RADIO

IF1

C5

VCC

C.F.
455KHz

C.F.
455KHz

14

13

IF
out

IFin

IC RADIO AM TA8110

MW

FM

RFin

Vcc
AM

OSCI

AF out

OSCI

3
FM

L1

C1

SW1

MW
L14

SW2

SW1
Ct1

L2

1n

L5

MW

SW1

SW2

SW2
MW

FM

SW1
FM
SW2

Ct2

L3

C6

MW

L8

C5
SW1

C7

L6
CVo

FM

Ct4

SW2

C8

CVa
C2

Ct3

L4

L7

C9

L9
Ct4

C4
C10

C3

L10

C11

C4

a.

Ct4

C4

Phan bay song chon ai:

- L1 la cuon day tang cng tn hieu thu t anten roid a

vao loi than ben trong may.
- L2 cuon day s cap anten MW co CT 1 song song lam
nhiem vu ting chnh sao cho khi chnh CV A t min en max
mach bay song co the thu c cac ai phat trong band
song MW (530KHz-1600KHz).
- Tng t nh band MW cac cuon day L3, L4 la cac cuon
anten cac band song SW1 va SW2.
- Tat ca cac cuon day cua cac band song eu c noi
en cong tac oi band e c noi en CV A tao thanh
mach bay song chon ai.
- Cac cuon day L5, L6, L7 la cac th cap cua cac cuon
day bay song chon ai lay tn hieu bang cam ng qua
cong tac chon band a vao chan 1 IC (RF in).
- Chan 2 IC cung cap thanh ien ap DC cho khoi khuech
ai cao tan AM thong qua cac cuon day th cap anten, khi
- 28 -

RADIO

chuyen ve band FM chan 1 IC khong c cap ien nen

phan radio AM trong IC khong hoat ong tranh gay nhieu
len phan radio FM c at chung trong IC.
b.
-

Phan dao ong

L8, L9, L10 la cuon day dao ong cua cac band song trong
o chan 4 IC cung cap nang lng cho khung dao ong, chan
3 IC lien lac tn hieu fO cung cap cho tang tron song trong IC.
c.

Phan trung tan

Chan 14 IC la ngo ra cua tang tron song ta

co c tn hieu trung tan co tan so 455KHz, tn hieu nay
c a cuon day cong hng trung tan ( mau vang)va
thach anh 455KHz loai bo cac tn hieu nhieu khac sau o
a tn hieu trung tan en chan 13 IC.

Mach tach song c thc hien trong IC va tn

hieu am tan c lay ra tai chan 9 cua IC.

S o ben trong IC TA8110

16

13

10

FM IF

FM DET

MUTING

AM FM
SWITCH

LEVEL
DET

VCO
STOP

14

AM IF

AM DET

AM MIX

OSCI

Bai 3

15

14

AGC

12

MAY THU FM

I- TONG QUAT:
1.1 ac iem Chung
Day tan so Band FM: 88-108 Mhz (oi vi tieu chuan
quoc te, rieng Nhat 70-90 Mhz).
FM: Frequency Modulation: ieu che tan so: tn hieu am
tan a vao ieu che lam thay oi tan so song mang
1.2 u - khuyet iem cua AM va FM
- 29 -

RADIO

May thu AM: theo kieu ieu che bien o

- De b nhieu, v nhieu se lam thay oi bien o, ma s
bien oi ve bien o lai mang thong tin
- Chat lng am thanh kem v bang thong hep (10Khz), v
day tan so phat hep khoang 1MHz (530 1600MHz) ma co
nhieu ai phat. Tn hieu am tan b mat am sac (b mat
bass treble)
May thu FM khac phuc c nhng khuyet iem cua
AM:
+ Kha nang chong nhieu cao v nhieu tac ong vao
lam thay oi bien o cua song ma khong lam thay oi tan
so, trong khi s thay oi tan so mi mang mang thong tin.
+ Chat lng am thanh tot v bang thong rong :150 Khz
(AM la 12Khz. Do co day tan so phat rong 88 en 108MHz
(20MHz)
* khuyet iem cua FM:
+ Song truyen theo ng thang khong i xa c,
khong b phan xa bi tang ien li. Nen may phat phai co
cong suat ln.
+ Tan so song mang cao thiet b x ly at tien.
+ Mach giai ieu che va ieu che phc tap hn.
II- MACH IEU CHE FM:
2.1 S o khoi may phat FM

Tien khuech ai: dung e khuech ai tn hieu t Micro

hoac t cac nguon tn hieu khac.
Khoi ien khang: tao ra mot thanh phan co ien khang
thay oi theo tn hieu a vao nh: iode varicap (diode bien
dung), transistor ien khang, en ien khang
Khoi dao ong: dung e tao ra mot tn hieu hnh sin co tan
so cao lam song mang (tan so cua ai phat).

- 30 -

RADIO

Khuech ai cong suat cao tan: e co cong suat ln a

en ang ten phat song.
2.2

Mach ieu che FM

2.2.1 Phan tch nhiem vu linh kien:

CVD diode bien dung: khi phan cc nghch vi ien ap phan
cc thay oi th ien dung se thay oi. La thanh phan ien
khang thay oi khi cho tn hieu am tan vao ieu che.
L1C5: can cao tan, ngan can tn hieu song mang khong cho
anh hng ngc ve T1
C1C6: tu thoat (noi mass).
R1, R2, R3: phan cc che o A cho Q1. e tao ieu kien cho

Q1 dao ong
R4, R5,R6: phan cc cho diode varicap, R5 ieu chnh phan cc
cho diode vung tuyen tnh
T1 bien the ghep lien lac tn hieu am tan.
_ C2 C3 : tu hoi tiep dng duy tr dao ong.
T2 tai cho Q1 ong thi tao kch thch cho Q1 dao ong.
L2 , C2, C3 , CVD, CBC e xac nh tan so dao ong .
Tan so dao ong c xac nh bang cong thc.
fo

1
2 LC td

C td C v Cb 'c

C 2C3
C 2 C3

Cv ien dung cua diode varicap.

Cbc: ien dung k sinh cua moi noi BC

- 31 -

RADIO

2.2.2 Dang song:

2.2.3 Nguyen ly hoat ong:

Neu khong a tn hieu am tan vao th diode varicap c
phan cc bang mot ien ap nhat nh, se co mot ien
dung khong thay oi, lam cho Q1 dao ong mot tan so
nhat nh, o la tan so song mang (tan so ai phat).
Neu tn hieu am tan a vao co ban k dng lam ien
the phan cc diode tang do o ien dung giam lam Q1 dao
ong co tan so tang len. Ngc lai neu tn hieu a vao
co ban k am lam ien the phan cc diode giam nen ien
dung diode tang lam tan so dao ong cua Q1 se giam.ta noi
tn hieu am tan a vao lam thay oi tn hieu song mang
nen goi la ieu che tan so (ieu che FM).
2.3 Mach ieu che FM dung transitstor: (thng dung
trong Micro khong day)
2.3.1 S o mach ien:

- 32 -

RADIO

- Q1 transistor ien khang c dung e dao ong tao

song mang, co moi noi BC b phan cc nghch nh diode bien
dung.
- R1 phan cc cho micro ien dung
- R2 R3 R4 phan cc cho Q1 khuech ai che o A
- L1 C2 can cao tan
- L2 C3 C4 C5 hoi tiep dng duy tr dao ong
- L3 tai cho Q1 va tao kch thch dao ong
2.3.2 Nguyen ly hoat ong:
Q1 mach dao ong tao song mang co moi noi BC b
phan cc nghch tng t nh diode varicap.
Neu tn hieu a vao qua tu C 1 co ban k dng lam
ien the cc B tang, phan cc moi noi BC giam nen ien
dung cua varicap (moi noi BC) lam tan so dao ong cua Q1
giam va ngc lai.
2.3.3

Mach Micro khong day 2 trasistor:

Q1 tao dao ong va bien ieu FM

- Q2 khuech ai cao tan e tang cong suat phat.
- T1,T2 : loi Ferit ieu chnh c e cong hng ung tan
so dao ong.
C2, R2, R3: mach pre-emphasis: lam tang o li tan so cao (f>
2.5 Khz).
III- MACH GIAI IEU CHE FM: (mach tach song FM)
3.1

Nguyen tac:

Mach tach song FM la bien oi s lech tan so cua

song mang (do ieu che) thanh bien oi ien ap ngo ra.
Mach tach song theo 3 nguyen tac sau:
Bien tn hieu FM thanh tn hieu AM roi dung mach tach
song AM e tach song.
Bien tn hieu FM thanh tn hieu ieu che o rong xung roi
tach song nh mach tch phan.

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RADIO

Lam cho tn hieu FM bam theo tan so cua mot mach dao
ong nh vong khoa pha (PLL: Phase lock loop). Sau o a
vao mach so pha, ien ap sai lech chnh la ien ap can tach
song.
Trong radio-casette i cu ch dung theo nguyen tac 1, radiocassete i mi thng dung theo nguyen tac 3.

- 34 -

RADIO

3.2 Mach tach song theo nguyen tac 1:

3.2.1 S o khoi

IN

Mach ien hnh:

L1 song song C1: cong hng lech tan so trung tan.
R1 m rong bang thong
Tn hieu FM a vao mach khuech ai lech cong hng:
neu ung tan so cong hng th bien o ra ln, neu tn
hieu sai lech cang nhieu th bien o ra cang giam do s thay
oi tan so ngo ra .Vay ta dung mach tach song AM e
tach song. u diem cua kieu nay la mach n gian, gon de
thc hien nhng co khuyet iem la tn hieu ra de bi meo

- 35 -

RADIO

(ch thng dung trong cac may loai thng) do o ngi ta

dung mach tach song t le.
3.2.2 Mach tach song t le can bang, oi xng:
Dang 1:

dang 2:

song song C1 cong hng tan so 10.7 Mhz.

L2 C2: L3 C3 cong hng lech vi tan so trung tan: v du

:

L2, C2 cong hng tan so f>10.7 Mhz.

L3, C3 cong hng tan so f<10.7 Mhz.

Neu tn hieu FM a vao la khong thay oi (cha co tn

hieu am tan a vao ieu che) th tn hieu ra L2 va L3
bang nhau th dong qua R1 D1 va R2 D2 bang nhau nen ien ap
tren R3 khong thay oi, do o khong co tn hieu ra .
- Khi co tn hieu am tan a vao ieu che th tn hieu
FM se co tan so thay oi : Neu tn hieu FM vao co tan so f
>10.7 Mhz lam cho ien ap tren L2 ln hn ien ap tren L3
do o dong ID1 >ID2 lam cho ien ap tren R3 (VR3) tang dan
len dng. Ngc lai neu tn hieu FM a vao co tan so f <
10.7Mhz lam cho VL3 > VL2, dong ID2 > ID1 lam cho VR3 giam dan
xuong am. Nh vay: neu tn hieu FM a vao co tan so thay
oi xung quanh 10.7Mhz (do ieu che) th ien ap tren R 3 se

- 36 -

RADIO

thay oi (tang va giam), ngha la ta thu c tn hieu am

tan nh ai phat a vao ieu che (tn hieu am tan a
lam thay oi tan so song mang).
IV S O KHOI MAY THU FM MONO:

4.1 Phan tch:

RF - AMP: khuech ai cao tan, la mach khuech ai
cong hng co tan so ieu chnh c bang CVA, nham
khuech ai tn hieu thu t Ang ten.
Dao ong: tao ra tn hieu hnh sin co tan so f O, cung
co tan so thay oi c bang CVO ong chnh vi CVA.
. oi tan (tron song): tron hai tn hieu fo va fa cho ra
tn hieu fIF = 10.7Mhz.
fIF = fO fA = 10.7 Mhz.
Khuech ai trung tan (IF AMP): gom hai tan khuech
ai cong ba bien the trung tan hoac ba tan khuech ai cong
bon bien the trung tan nham khuech ai cho bien o ln
len en mot Vpp (bien o nh nh) a en mach tach
song.
FM - DET: tach song FM nham tao lai tn hieu am tan
nh ai phat a a vao ieu che.
4.2 Khuech ai am tan: Thong thng la s dung IC
khuech ai cong suat OTL
V HE THONG THU PHAT FM-STEREO
5.1

S tng thch gia FM Mono va FM Stereo

May thu AM: bang thong hep do o khi nghe am thanh

b mat tieng bass-treble v vay nghe khong hay.
May thu FM-Mono: bang thong rong u bass - treble
nhng am thanh cha sinh ong do o ngi ta phat minh ra
am thanh FM-Stereo cho ra 2 loa L va R rieng biet ,am thanh noi
- 37 -

RADIO

sinh ong, chat lng cao ap ng c nhu cau cua gii

nghe nhac sanh ieu.
May thu FM-Stereo ra i sau FM -Mono, tren th trng
co rat nhieu may FM-Mono. Do o ma ai phat FM-Stereo
phai phat tn hieu sao cho may thu FM-Mono thu c va ay
u thong tin. Ngc lai: may thu FM-Stereo cung phai thu c
tn hieu cua ai phat FM-Mono co t trc.

5.2

S o khoi may phat FM-STEREO:

5.2.1 Nguyen ly:

Tn hieu L va R t 2 Micro c a qua mach cong tao
nen tn hieu L + R ay la tn hieu FM-Mono. Trong khi o tn
hieu L va R c a en mach khuech ai tr tao tn hieu (L
R) c a vao khoi ieu che can bang (DSB) vi tn hieu
song mang phu la 38 Khz, lay t bo dao ong thach anh co
tan so 76 Khz c chia 2, ay la tn hieu cho FM -Stereo.
ong thi tn hieu 38 Khz chia 2 ra 19 Khz lam tn hieu song
bao. Sau cung 3 tn hieu (L + R); (L R) ieu che DSB va
song bao 19KHz c a vao mach cong, tao ra tn hieu
tong hp. Sau o a vao khoi ieu che FM, e ieu che
vi dao ong song mang chnh, o la tan so cua ai phat.
Sau o a en khoi KCS cao tan, roi a en angten e
bc xa ra ngoai khong gian truyen en may thu.

- 38 -

RADIO

5.2.2 Cac tn hieu cua may phat FM-STEREO:

L + R: co tan so t 30Hz 15Khz cho tn hieu FMMono.

(L R)DSB: a c ieu che can bang cho may thu

FM-Stereo.

Song sin 19 Khz: tn hieu song bao e thong bao

cho may thu la FM-Mono hay FM-Stereo. ong thi tn hieu song
bao dung e ong bo ve pha gia dao ong 38Khz cua ai
phat va may thu.
c- Pho cua tn hieu FM-Stereo

30Hz

VI

53KHz

15KHz 19KHz

23KHz

38KHz

S O KHOI MAY THU FM-STEREO:

6.1 S o khoi:
2L

2R

6.2 Phan tch:

Tn hieu cao tan (fA) cua ai phat FM nao o c
Angten thu nhap vao khoi khuech ai cao tan, sau o tn hieu
fA c a vao khoi tron song e tron vi tn hieu f O nham
tao nen tn hieu trung tan fIF = 10.7 Mhz, tn hieu trung tan se
c khuech ai sau o c tach song FM-Mono nham tao ra
tn hieu tong hp T gom 3 tn hieu :
L+R: cho FM-Mono.
L R: a ieu che can bang (DSB) cho FM-Stereo.
Tn hieu song bao 19 Khz.

- 39 -

RADIO

Ba tn hieu nay co day tan so khac nhau c a en

3 mach loc tng ng :
Mach loc co bang thong t 30 Hz 15Khz: lay tn hieu
L+R sau o c khuech ai va a en khoi ma tran.
Ngoai ra neu may thu c tn hieu FM-Mono hoac tn hieu AM
th cung qua mach loc nay roi a en tang tien khuech ai.
Mach loc co bang thong 23 53 Khz lay tn hieu L R
(DSB) a en tang giai ma DSB tao lai tn hieu L-R e a
en khoi ma tran.
Mach loc co fCH = 19Khz lay tn hieu song bao a en
mach nhan 2 e a en khoi giai ma FM-Stereo. Neu thu
c tn hieu nay th mach giai ma FM-Stereo mi hoat ong,
con neu khong co hoac yeu co th se tat khong gay
nhieu.
Khoi ma tran (cong va tr) e tao ra tn hieu 2Lva
2R a en khoi khuech ai am tan cho ra loa.

Ghi chu: trong radio t sau tang tach song FM en

mach tien khuech ai ch co mot IC lam nhiem vu giai ma
FM-Stereo (FM multiplexer). cac IC giai ma FM thong dung nh :
TA7343 ; AN7410

cac may thu i cu khong co dao ong 38KHz,

ma lay ngay tn hieu 19KHz t ai phat gi en, qua mach
nhan oi thanh 38K, a vao giai ma FM stereo nen co
khuyet iem la de b sai pha, lam tn hieu FM st b chap
chn luc co luc mat. e khac phuc khuyet iem nay trong
cac radio FM i mi giai ma FM stereo theo nguyen tac vong
khoa pha : (PLL : Phase Lock Loop) mach hoat ong theo nguyen
tac sau :

Dung mach dao ong 76KHz theo kieu VCO (Voltage

Controler Oscillator) dao ong co ieu khien bang ien ap. tn
hieu dao ong qua mach chia 2 roi chia 2 thanh 19K a ve so
pha vi tn hieu chuan 19K cua ai gi en, ien ap sai
lech ngo ra se ieu khien tan so dao ong VCO ung 76K.
ong thi tn hieu 76K qua mach chia 2 thanh 38K e a vao
giai ma FM stereo. Tat ca cac khoi nay eu nam trong 1 IC,
cac IC thong dung nh la TA7343P trong may Sharp; may
Hitachi, AN7410 trong may JVC va National. LA364, B1332, trong
may Sanyo, may International
VII

S O KHOI MAY THU FM DUNG IC:

7.1 S o khoi:

- 40 -

RADIO

BPF
fC

RF
AMPLI

MIXER
f

IC1

IF

AA

AA

RF
SELEC
T

IF
AMPLI

DETECTOR

AA
OSCI

IC2

AFC

AF
Hnh 9.3 S o khoi may thu FM

AA

IC3

7.2

Phan tch s o khoi:

DEMUTIPLEX

7.2.1 Khoi BPF: (Band Pass Filter) bo loc bang thong:

cac ai phat FM c ch nh phat trong dai tan t 88MHz
en 108 MHz la khoan gia cua cac bang song ti vi do o
e tranh hien xuyen lan cua cac ai phat ti vi vao ai
phat FM ngi ta thiet ke bo BPF e chan cac tn hieu co
tan so cao hn va thap hn c quy nh cho Radio FM khong
i vao may thu FM.
7.2.2 Khoi RF AMPLI: khoi khuech ai cao tan: Tn hieu
sau khi thu t Anten qua bo loc bang thong se c khuech
ai co bien o u ln.
7.2.3 Khoi RF SELLECT: La khoi cong hng chon ai
trong Radio FM ngi ta dung cuon day song song vi CV A va
at song song vi ng tn hieu e cong hng dang song
song cac tn hieu cua ai phat nao khong cong hng se
b loai bo xuong mass.
7.2.4 Khoi mixer: Tron tn hieu thu c sau cong hng
fA vi tn hieu fO cua mach ao ong trong may e ha thap
tan so fA thanh tn hieu trung tan.

- 41 -

RADIO

7.2.4 Khoi osci: mach dao ong tao ra tn hieu f o tron

vi tn hieu fA e co c f IF theo nguyen tac f IF = fo - fA =
10,7 MHz nh khi tn hieu f A thu t anten thay oi th f o se thay
oi theo e gi vng tn hieu trung tan.
7.2.5 Khoi IF AMPLI: khuech ai tn hieu trung tan sao
cho co bien o u ln e cung cap cho tan tach song.
7.2.6 Khoi DETECTOR: mach tach song FM da vao s
thay oi tan so cua song mang luc nay a c thap
thanh tnh hieu trung tan co tan so 10,7 MHz e tai tao lai
tn ieu am tan a c gi trong song mang.
7.2.7 Khoi DEMUTIPLEX: khoi pha kenh lam chc nang
giai ieu che tn hieu FM stereo e co c tn hieu stereo t
ai phat stereo.
7.2.8 Khoi AFC: (Automatic Frequency Control) lam chc
nang t ong ieu chnh tan so cua mach dao ong sao cho
gi vng c tn hieu trung tan trong trng hp tn hieu
song mang b thay oi.
Trong thc te cac khoi BPF, RF AMPLI, OSCI, MIXER thng
c thiet ke trong 1 IC hay cac transistor goi chung la khoi cao
tan hay la khoi oi tan v no bien oi tn hieu f A thu t
anten sang tn hieu fIF .
VIII KHOI CAO TAN:
8.1 Khoi cao tan dung transistor:
8.1.1 Mach ien (Xem mach ien hnh 8.4)
8.1.2 Phan tch:
- C1 , C2 , C3 phoi hp vi cuon day tao thanh mach loc bang
thong trong o C1, C3 co tac dung chan tan so thap, C2 va
L loai bo tan so cao bao am sao cho ch co tn heu co
tan so trong khoan 88MHz 108 MHz vao trong machkhuech
ai cao tan.
- Tn hieu t cac ai phat c a vao chan E/Q1 khuech
ai kieu B chung. Kieu khuech ai nay thng c s dung
cac mach khuech ai tn hieu co tan so cao bao am co
o li ien ap ln tranh dc cac tu ky sinh cua moi noi
BC trong trng hp dung kieu khuech ai E chung lam hoi
tiep am tn hieu giam o li mach khuech ai.
- CVA, CTA, C6 phoi hp vi cuon day L2 tao thanh mach cong
hng chon ai. Khi ta ieu chnh CV A se lam thay oi tan
so cong hng cua mach, neu co mot ai phat nao co
song mang trung vi tan so dao ong rieng cua mach cong

- 42 -

RADIO

hng chon ai luc nay do cong hng song song nen tong
tr cua khung cong hng chon ai co gia tr ln nhat tn
hieu cua ai phat o se co co bien o ln cac ai phat
khong cong hng tong tr cua mach se nho va b loai
bo xuong mass thong qua ng nguon cung cap.
- Tn hieu cua ai phat c chon a vao chan E/Q2
kghuech ai lan th 2 lay ra tai chan C tron vi tn hieu
cua mach dao ong.
- CVO, CTO, song song cuon day L6 la khung dao ong tao f O tron
vi tn hieu fa tai chan C/ Q2 ta co c tn hieu trung tan co
tan so 10,7MHz.
- Tn hieu trung tan c lien lac qua bien the the trung tan
cong hng tan so 10,7 MHz va thach anh e a en
tang khuech ai trung tan.
- D2 la diode bien dung nhan ien the AFC t mach tach
song ieu chnh phan cc khi tn hieu cua ai phat thay oi
tan so se lam tn hieu trung tan thay oi do tn hieu f O
khong c thay oi nen tn hieu ra lech khoi tan so
10,7MHz do o tn hieu qua cac cuon day cong hng trung
tan b suy giam bien o ang ke. Chnh ieu nay se lam
thay oi ien the AFC lam thay oi ien the phan cc D2
thyay oi ien dung cua D2, thay oi ien dung cua mach dao
ong, thay oi tan so cua mach dao ong cho en tan so
trung tan at ung gia tr 10,7MHz th mach mi thoi ieu
chnh.

- 43 -

a.

hnh 8.4 MACH IEN KHOI CAO TAN FM

ANTENNA

AFC

C3

R2

Q1

C7

R7

Q2

R11

C17

T1
1

C1

C16

R9

R8

D1

R1

R10

C12
C8

C4

CTA

L3
C9

CTO

C13

CVA

C2

C.F.10,7MHz

TP3

CVO

C10

DZ

R5

L6
1

C5

IF OUT

C11

TP2

R6

C6

C14

L2

R3

C15

R4
VCC

RADIO

8.2 Khoi cao tan dung IC:

8.2.1 Mach ien:
TP1

ROD ANT

VCC

C4 5P

R2
10

C13
.01

R4 100K

C3 5P

C6 2P

C2
1000P

C7 10P

C1
100P

L1

D1 DS442

R3 220

IC1 TA7358AP

T1
IF OUT

24P

CV2

CT2

CF1
L3

C5

CT1

CV1

L2

C9 5P
C8 27P

R1 22
C10 .01

D2
C11
.01

C12
.022

Hnh 9.5 mach cao tan FM

C14 .01

AFC

8.2.2 Phan tch mach:

- Xem mach ien nh hnh ve
- Cuon day L1 phoi hp hai tu ngo vao va ngo ra tao
thanh mach loc bang thong.Chan 1 IC nhan tn hieu f C
(Frequency Carry) t cac ai phat i qua mot tang khuech ai
trong IC sau o i ra chan 3 tai ay co L2 song song vi CV1 ,
CT1 cong hng chon ai . sau khi chon c 1 ai phat nao
o co tan so la fA tn hieu nay se c a vao chan 4 IC
thong qua tu lien lac C3 en tang tang tron song trong IC.
- Tai chan 8 IC co cuon day L3 song song vi CV 2, CT2 la
mach dao ong tao fO a vao chan 8 IC en tang tron song
ben trong.
- Chan 6 IC la ngo ra cua tang tron song ta co c tn
hieu trung tan co tan so 10,7 MHz qua bien the trung tan va
thach anh CF cong hng tan so 10,7 MHz loai bo cac tn
hieu hai trong qua trnh tron song ch lien lac tn hieu trung
tan a en tan khuech ai trung tan pha sau.
- D2 la diode bien dung c phan cc nghch, lay ien
the AFC tai au dng ieu chnh tan so dao ong sao cho tn
hieu trung tan luon c on nh khi tn hieu fA thay oi.

- 46 -

RADIO

IX

KHOI TRUNG TAN VA TACH SONG:

- Ngay nay a so cac may Radio FM eu s dung khoi

trung tan va tach song trong IC .Do o viec khao sat khoi
trung tan va tach song bang transistor la khong can thiet.Sau
ay ta se khao sat mach trung tan va tach song bang IC.
C72
.047
C71
.022

T3

C74
50V/1

C70
220P

T2

IF FM

9
10

11

12

13

14

16

15

C69
220P

R10
100

C66
10V/22

C81
50V/1

AF OUT

TP2

IC2 TA7640AP
1

R9
220K

R6
3K3

C68
.022

D1 DS442

R8
100K

C14 .01

CF1

VCC

C73
6.3V
/47

CF2

D2

T1

R7 47

R5
220

L8
CV3

C64
.01

CT5

C65
6.3V/47

C28
8P

R10
8K2

T4

C67
.047

S1-2

CV-4

CT6

9.1 Mach ien

9.2 Phan tch
- Khoi phan kenh FM stereo.Thong thng khoi khuech
ai trung tan va tach song FM c thiet ke s dung chung
vi radio AM ben ngoai IC nay ch co 1 cuon day tac song
FM v du xem mach ien dung IC TA 7640AP.
- Tn hieu trung tan FM c a vao chan 15 IC i qua cac
tan khuech ai trung tan va tach song ben trong IC ben
ngoai IC ch co cuon day T2 la cuon day tach song FM va
cuoi cung tn hieu am tan AF c lay ra tai chan 9 IC t ay
se cung cap cho IC phan kenh e giai tn hieu FM stereo.

Hnh 9.6 mach ien trung tan FM

- 47 -

RADIO

KHOI PHAN KENH (giai ma FM stereo)

9.1 S o khoi
LPF

AF

K em

R +L

(R+L)+( R-L)= 2R

Mach
cong

BPF

19
KHz

Giai
ieu
che AM

Mach
tr

(R+L)-( R-L)= 2L

R-L

Hnh 9.7tch:
S o khoi mach giai ma tn hieu FM stereo
9.2 Phan

- Tn hieu am tan tong hp sau khi tach song t IC trung

tan (AF) se c a vao chan 2 IC LA3361. Tn hieu am tan
tong hp sau tach song gom co cac thanh phan nh sau:
- Tn hieu FM mono: (R+ L).
- Tn hieu FM stereo: (R- L) c ieu che AM trong song
mang phu co tan so 38KHz.
- Tn hieu song ong bo co tan so 19 KHz.
- Nguyen ly giai ieu che FM stereo c thc hien theo
s o sau.
- Tn hieu am tan tong hp se c a qua 3 khoi:
- LPF (Low Pass Filter) la mach loc thong thap, loc lay tn
hieu co tan so 50 Hz 15KHz chnh la tn hieu FM mono (R + L).
- BPF (Band Pass Filter): la mach loc bang thong se loc lay
tn hieu FM stereo a ieu che AM co bang thong t 23KHz
53KHz.
- Khoi 19 KHz: loc lay tn hieu 19 KHz dung e ieu khien
mach giai ieu che AM e tai tao lai tn hieu (R- L).ong thi
mach nay con cung cap tn hieu ieu khien cho mach ch th
thong thng bang en led e bao ai phat la dang FM
stereo.
- Khoi khuech ai em nang cao bien o tn hien R + L
sau khi loc.

- 48 -

RADIO

- Khoi mach cong: se cong 2 tn hieu sau khi a tr

thanh tn hieu am tan that s luc nay ta co (R+ L) + (R L) =
2R.
- Khoi mach tr: se tr 2 tn hieu sau khi a tr thanh tn
hieu am tan that s luc nay ta co (R+ L) - (R L) = 2L.
- Tn hieu am tan stereo se c lay ra tai chan so 4 va
5 cua IC thong qua cac mach loc thong thap va cao sau o
cung cap cho tang am sac .
1- Mach ien (Xem hnh ve)
Hnh 9.8 Mach ien khoi giai ma
FM stereo
FM STEREO

S1-1
R7 47

CP1

C73
47uF
C75
1000P

+
+

TP3

R13
4K7

6K8

10
8

C83 .015

3K3

R17
R19

R - OUT

C87
.01

11

12

13
5

C82
47uF
C84
1uF

C85
1uF

R18
3K3

- 49 -

C84
.015

S2

VCC

R15
470

L - OUT

R22
10K

C80
1uF

R16 470

R20
6K8
C86
.01

R14
27K

IC3 LA3361
+

TP2

14

15

16

R10
100

C81
1uF

R21
10K

C78
1uF

AF IN

C69
220P

C79
2.2uF

R8
100K

R12
1K

R11
6K8

R9
220K

C76 .047

C74
1uF

CS1

SVR1
10K
C77 1uF

C72
.047

RADIO

Phan tom tat bai hoc:

Radio FM thng s dung 3 IC: IC cao tan, IC trung tan
+ tach song, IC phan kenh.
Mot so may s dung phan cao tan bang mach ien
2 transistor.
Khoi cao tan gom co cac thanh phan:
Bo loc bang thong.
Khuech ai cao tan.
Cong hng chon ai.
Dao ong.
Khoi trung tan va tach song dung chung 1 IC ch co
cuon day tach song at ngoai.
Khoi phan kenh nhan tn hieu t IC trung tan t giai
ma FM stereo ben trong va cho ra tn hieu am tan
stereo cung cap cho tang am sac.
Phan cau hi on tap:

Cau 1: Ve s o khoi may thu FM.

Cau 2: Trnh bay nhiem vu cac khoi trong s o khoi Radio FM.
Cau 3: Phan tch nguyen ly hoat ong IC TA7358AP.
Cau 4: e thu c ai FM Tp. Ho ch Minh th mach dao ong
co tan so bao nhieu?
Cau 5: Trnh bay nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach AFC.
Cau 6: Tai sao trong mach cao tan FM ngi ta s dung kieu
khuech ai B chung?
Cau 7: Tn hieu trung tan FM co tan so bao nhieu?
Cau 8: Tn hieu am tan sau tach song FM se co nhng
thanh phan nao?
Cau 9: Tai sao trong tn hieu FM stereo phai co tn hieu 19 KHz?
Cau 10: Trnh bay hoat ong cua mach phan kenh khi may thu
ai FM mono.
Cau 11: Neu lay tn hieu AF sau tach song a en tang am
sac may hat c khong?

- 50 -

RADIO

PHAN II CASSETTE
Bai 1:

S O KHOI RADIO
CASSETTE

I- CAU TRUC TONG QUAT MAY RADIO - CASSETTE.

1- S o khoi
Vcc 2

ANTENNA

Vcc 2

RADIO
FM
Vcc 2

SW1

SW2

Vcc 2

Vcc 1

AM SAC

K CONG
SUAT

TAPE

PHAN
KENH

AM

SP

RADIO
AM

VOLUME

phone

RADIO
TAPE

Vcc 2

SW3

SP

CASSETTE

RADIO

Vcc 2

Vcc 1

SW5
TAPE

ON AP

T801

220V
4

110V

2a

3a
1a

LA KIM

1
JACK
AC

HE C
AC
IN

PIN

FM

RADIO

4a

2- Phan tch s o khoi

2.1- Phan chung:
a- Bo nguon cap ien

- 51 -

C1

RADIO

Nguon ien c lay t day cam AC a en cong

tac chon nguon ien 110v 220v a vao cuon s cap bien
the ha ap.
Cuon th cap bien the ha ap cung cap ien the
thap (6v 12v) cho mach chnh lu.
- Nguon ien sau khi chnh lu co dang DC i qua la kim
trong jack cam AC co hai v tr:
Neu co day cam AC, la kim se lay ien t
mach chnh lu.
Neu khong co day cam AC, la kim se lay ien
t nguon pin.
Day 2 cua la kim trong jack cam AC lay ien DC ra, t
ay chia lam 2 ng en cong tac Radio Tape tren board
chnh va en la kim tren he c:
-

Neu cong tac v tr Radio nguon ien i trc

tiep vao may.
Neu cong tac v tr Tape nguon ien i vao
may qua la kim tren he c.
Nh vay nguon ien trc on ap (Vcc 1) se c cung
cap cho 3 thanh phan nh sau:
Mo t, mach on ap, mach khuech ai cong suat.
Nguon ien sau on ap se c cung cap cho cac thanh
phan khac trong may.
b- Khoi khuech ai cong suat:
Thong thng s dung IC khuech ai cong suat co 3
kieu: OTL, OCL, BTL
-

Tn hieu ngo vao tang khuech ai cong suat c lay

t chan gia Volume.
-

- Tn hieu ngo ra tang khuech ai cong suat en jack

phones :
Khi khong cam jack phones tn hieu c lien lac
en loa
Khi cam jack phones tn hieu c lien lac en
phones va ngat ng tn hieu ra loa.
c- Khoi am sac:
- Thong thng s dung mach Equalizer co dung IC hoac
transistor lay tn hieu vao t cong tac Radio Tape tn hieu ra
cung cap cho bien tr Volume
- 52 -

RADIO

2.2 - Phan cac thiet b lien ket

a- May cassette:
Lay tn hieu t bang t thong qua au t chuyen
oi thanh tn hieu ien khuech ai triet cac tieng nhieu va
tieng on cung cap cho tang am sac thng co co bien o
chuan ngo ra la 1Vp-p.
b- Radio AM:
Thu tn hieu t song en t cua cac ai phat
thanh AM, khuech ai, loai bo song mang cao tan tai tao lai tn
hieu am tan. Lay tn hieu am tan a en khoi phan kenh
e phan thanh 2 kenh cho 2 loa.
c- Radio FM:
Tng t nh may thu AM nhng thu tn hieu t ai
phat FM, va ra tn hieu am tan hai kenh stereo.

- 53 -

RADIO

II- S LIEN KET CAC THANH PHAN TRONG MAY RADIO

CASSETTE
- Nh chung ta a biet trong may Radio Cassette co
nhieu thanh phan nh Radio AM, FM, Cassette, CD vvv. Cac
thanh phan nay ch hoat ong lan lt ch khong hoat ong
ong thi, do vay e chuyen oi cac chc nang hoat ong
cua may tng ng vi cac thanh phan thiet b ngi ta
dung cong tac chuyen oi nguon cung cap va nguon tn
hieu, con goi la cong tac giao hoan (Function).
- oi vi cac may Radio Cassette thong dung th cong tac
nay dung dang c kh
- oi vi cac may Radio- Cassette ieu khien t xa cac
cong tac nay ngi ta dung cac cong tac ien t, thng
la cac diode hoac cac IC cong tac chuyen dung lay lenh
ieu khien thong qua IC vi x ly.
1- Nguon cung cap:
- Co hai nguon cung cap chnh trong may Radio- Cassette:
a- Nguon trc on ap (B1).
- Nguon nay trc khi i vao may luon luon i qua cong
tac chon chc nang (Radio - Tape) cung cap cho cac thanh
phan tieu thu dong ln nh: Mo t, khuech ai cong suat,
mach on a, en ch th vvv.
- Trong cac may thong thng th ngi ta dung cong
tac c kh.
- Trong cac may co ieu khien t xa do dong ln nen
ngi ta dung cac Relay thong qua ieu khien cua IC vi x ly.
b - Nguon sau on ap (B2):
- Ngi ta dung cac mach on ap bang transistor hoac IC
sau o cung cap cho cac thanh phan con lai trong may.
- Trong cac may thong dung th s dung cong tac c kh,
mot so may lien lac trc tiep en cac thanh phan khac
trong may thong qua cac ien tr co lap va tu loc.
- Trong cac may co ieu khien t xa, nguon nay co
the c cung cap trc tiep qua cac ien tr co lap nhng
cung co c ieu khien bang cach thay oi ien the phan
cc cho cac transistor cap t IC vi x ly.
- Tng t: Neu trong may co them cac thanh
phan thiet b khac nh CD, th cung se c ket noi
nh tren

- 54 -

RADIO

2 - Nguon tn hieu:
Nguon tn hieu cua cac thiet b sau khi a c x ly
thanh tn hieu am tan co hai kenh se i qua 4 cong tac chon
chc nang (Radio Tape) e cung cap cho:
- Hai ng tn hieu en mach am sac sau o en mach
khuech ai cong suat phat ra loa.
- Hai ng tn hieu en mach khuech ai ghi roi en
au t e ghi len bang.
- Mot so may co ch th tn hieu, th tn hieu con c
a en mach nay.
III - CAC THUAT NG DUNG TRONG MAY RADIO
CASSETTE.
-

P OWER AMPLI: Khuech ai cong suat.

- GRAPHIC EQUALIZER: Mach am sac nhieu nut chnh vi

nhieu tan so.
-

POWER SUPPLY: Bo nguon cung cap ien cho may.

BPF (Band Pass Fiter): Bo loc bang thong.

RF: (Radio Frequency): Khuech ai cao tan

tan

IF AMPLI (Intemediate Frequency): Tan so trung gian, trung

MIXER: Tron song, tron tn hieu.

OSCI (Oscilation): Mach dao ong.

- AFC: (Automatic Frequency Control): Mach t ong ieu

chnh tan so.

li .

DET (Detector): Mach tach song.

REMUTIPLEXER: Bo phan kenh.

PLAY/RECORDER HEAD: au t phat va ghi.

ERASE HEAD: au t xoa.

PLAY BACK: Phat lai.

RECORDER: Ghi tn hieu.

MAGETIC: Nam cham.

AGC (Automatic Gain Control): Mach t ong ieu chnh o

- FM :( Frequency Modulation) Ky thuyat ieu che tn hieu

lam thay oi tan so tn hieu song mang (Bien ieu tan so).

- 55 -

RADIO

- AM: (Amplitude Modulation) Ky thuyat ieu che tn hieu

lam thay oi bien o tn hieu song mang (Bien ieu bien
o).
- BIAS OSCI (Bias Oscilation): mach dao ong tao tn hieu
xoa bang va phan cc au t khi ghi.
-

VU METER: Mach ch th tn hieu.

VOL: (Volume): Bien tr chnh am lng.

DUBBING: Ghi tn hieu t Tape A sang Tape B.

TUNER: Thu tn hieu t song ien t (RADIO).

- HIGH SPEED: Toc o cao dung khi sang bang toc o

nhanh.
-

NORMAL SPEED: Toc o bnh thng.

- VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscilation): Mach dao ong co ieu

khien bang ien the.
-

VAC (Volts Allterating Current): ien the xoay chieu.

TP (Test Point): iem th dung e kiem tra mach ien.

CHECR: kiem tra tn hieu.

- SW (Short Wave): Dai song co bc song ngan, tan so

t 2MHz 22MHz.
-

SW (Switch): Congtac, khoa ong m.

STANBY: Trang thai ch cua thiet b.

- PPPA (Push Pull Power Amplifier): Khuech ai cong suat keo

ay.
-

PRE - AMP (Preliminary Amplifier) Khuech ai ngo vao.

- ALC: (Automatic Level Controled). Mach t ong ieu chnh

mc ghi.
-

AF: (Audio Frequency): Tn hieu am tan.

AFT (Automatic Fine Tuning): T ong tinh chnh ai.

- AMSS (Automatic Music Search System): He thong t ong

do tm ban nhac.
-

ANL (Automatic Noise Limiter): T ong han che nhieu.

- APSS: Automatic Program Search System): He thong t ong

do tm chng trnh.
- APPS: (Automatic Program Pause System) He thong t ong
tam dng chng trnh.

- 56 -

RADIO

the

AVC: (Automatic Voltage Control) T ong ieu chnh ien

- AVC: (Automatic Volume Control) T ong ieu chnh am

lng.

Phan tom tat bai hoc:

Trong may RadioCassette gom co nhieu
thanh phan thiet b nh Radio AM, Radio FM, Cassette, CD
s dung chung nguon cung cap va khoi am tan (mach
am sac va khuech ai cong suat).
Cac thanh phan rieng re trong may hoat
ong lan lt thong qua cac cong tac chon chc nang
(Radio Tape).
Trong cac s o may Radio- Cassette ngi ta
s dung rat nhieu thuat ng tieng Anh viet tat nen
e oc c s o phai biet cac thuat ng nay.

- 57 -

RADIO

Phan cau hoi on tap

Cau1: Hay ke ten cac khoi trong may Radio- Cassette.
Cau2: Hay cho biet chc nang cac khoi trong may Radio
Cassette.
Cau3: e lien ket cac khoi trong may Radio cassette,
dung linh kien nao?
Cau4: Co may loai nguon cung cap trong may Radio
Cassette? Hay ke ten tng loai.
Cau5: Nguon cha on ap trong may Radio- Cassette cung
cap cho nhng thanh phan nao?
Cau 6: Nguon sau on ap trong may Radio- Cassette cung
cap cho nhng thanh phan nao?
Cau 7: e ieu chnh tn hieu am tan cho tang cong
suat trong may Radio cassette ngi ta dung linh kien nao?
Cau 8: e cung cap tn hieu am tan cho tang am sac
trong may Radio cassette ngi ta dung linh kien nao?
Cau 9: Ngo ra cua tang cong suat co linh kien nao?
Cau 10: Tai sao nguon B+ t mach nan ien phai i qua
la kim trong jack cam AC?
Cau11: May cassette lay tn hieu t au? Thong qua linh
kien nao?
Cau12: May Radio lay tn hieu t au? Thong qua linh
kien nao?
Cau13: May CD lay tn hieu t au? Thong qua linh kien
nao?
Cau14: Jack phones co cong dung g?

- 58 -

RADIO

BAI 2:

BO NGUON RADIO CASSETTE

I- AC IEM CHUNG:
- Mach
gian
bien
kieu:

nguon trong may Radio Cassette co ket cau n

thong thng ien ap sau khi c ha ap bang
the se c chnh lu thanh nguon DC bang 2
chnh lu 2 ban ky va chnh lu toan ky.

- Mach on ap thong dung la dung transistor khuech ai

dong on ap bang diode zener, oi khi dung IC.
- Nhng viec phan phoi nguon cho cac thanh phan trong
may kha phc tap do phai i qua cac la kim tren he c
va cong tac chon chc nang
(Radio Tape)
- Mot so may co them cac chc nang khac nh Dubbing,
CD, Line in, th cang phc tap hn.
II- KIEU CONG TAC 2 CHC NANG RADIO- TAPE
1.Mach ien: Xem hnh 2.1
Phan tch mach:
- Nguon AC a vao bien the thong qua cong tac 110- 220v
- Cuon th cap bien the cap ien cho mach chnh lu
toan ky .ng B+1 lay ra c a en la kim trng jack cam
AC co 2 trang thai:
Neu co jack cam AC se lay ien t bo chnh lu .
Neu khong co jack cam AC lay ien t nguon pin.
- Nguon B+1 lay ra t jack cam AC se chia lam 2 ngi
vao cong tac Radio Tape va i vao la kim tren he c.
- Khi chuyen cong tac Radio Tape sang v tr Radio nguon
B+1 se cap ien cho may nhng mo t khong quay neu ta an
bat ky phiem nao tren he c la kim ong se cap ien cho
mo t quay.
- Khi chuyen cong tac Radio Tape sang v tr Tape nguon B +1
se khong cap ien cho may ch khi nao ta an 1 phiem tren
he c la kim ong mi cap ien cho may.
Nh vay:
- v tr Radio may c cap ien trc tiep
- v tr Tape may c cap ien qua la kim tren
he c.

- 59 -

RADIO

t.

- B+1 se cap ien cho: mach on ap, mach cong suat, mo

- Nguon sau on ap B+2 sau on ap se cung cap cho tat ca

cac thanh phan khac trong may.
II.
KIEU CONG TAC 2 CHC NANG RADIO- TAPESLEEP
Sleep: ngha la ngu: khi ta chuyen cong tac chon chc nang
ve v tr nay may se hat tn hieu t Radio neu ta an phiem
Play tren he c. Khi het bang he c t ong tat se tat nguon
cho may.
Nh vay chc nang Sleep se nh thi gian tat Radio theo
thi gian hoat ong cua bang Cassette ( v tr Radio may se
hat lien tuc).

1.

Mach ien: Xem hnh 2.2

2.Phan tch mach:

- Nguon AC a vao bien the thong qua cong tac 110- 220v
- Cuon th cap bien the cap ien cho mach chnh lu
toan ky .ng B+1 lay ra c a en la kim trong jack cam
AC co 2 trang thai:
Neu co jack cam AC se lay ien t bo chnh lu.
Neu khong co jack cam AC lay ien t nguon pin.
- Nguon B+1 lay ra t jack cam AC se chia lam 2 ng, i
vao cong tac Radio Tape va i vao la kim tren he c.
- Khi chuyen cong tac Radio Tape sang v tr Radio nguon
B 1 se cap ien cho may nhng mo t khong quay, neu ta an
bat ky phiem nao tren he c la kim ong se cap ien cho
mo t quay.
+

- Khi chuyen cong tac Radio Tape sang v tr Tape nguon B +1

se khong cap ien cho may, ch khi nao ta an 1 phiem tren
he c la kim ong mi cap ien cho mayva mo t.
- Khi chuyen cong tac Radio Tape sang v tr Sleep nguon B +1
se khong cap ien cho may ch khi nao ta an 1 phiem tren
he c la kim ong mi cap ien cho may tng t nh v tr
Tape ngha la khi het bang may t tat bang he thong Auto
Stop tren he c se tat nguon toan may. Luc nay nguon sau
on ap cap ien cho tang Radio nen ta nghe ctn hieu t
Radio.
Nh vay:

- 60 -

RADIO

- v tr Radio may c cap ien trc tiep

- v tr Tape va Sleep may c cap ien qua la
kim tren he c.

- 61 -

RADIO

B+1 se cap ien cho: mach on ap, mach cong suat,

mo t.
- Nguon sau on ap B+2 sau on ap se cung cap cho
tat ca cac thanh phan khac trong may.
- v tr Sleep nguon sau on ap se cung cap cho
Khoi Radio do o ta se nghe dc tn hieu t Radio khi
an Play tren he c.
III.
KIEU CONG TAC 3 CHC NANG RADIO- TAPEDUBBING.
- Giai thch chc nang Dubbing.
Dubbing: Ngha la gap 2 lan: Khi sang bang t Tape co
chc nang phat qua Tape co chc nang thau ta chuyen cong
tac chon chc nang ve v tr Dubbing may se chuyen sang
che o sang bang nhanh. Luc nay mot quay nhanh gap 2
lan.
Mach c bao am sao cho mo t ch quay nhanh khi thau
va chon Dubbing, con v tr Phat cho du co chuyen cong
tac ve v tr Dubbing may van hat bnh thng.
1. Mach ien (Xem hnh 2.3)
2. Phan tch mach:
- Tren he c co 2 bo la kim mac song song c at
tren hai he c.
- Khi cong tac v tr Tape va Dubbing may lay ien
thong qua la kim
- Xem cong tac SW3 ta thay ay la cong tac cap nguon
cho mach oi toc trong mot.
- Khi v tr Rec + Dubbing mach oi toc c cap ien
lam tang toc o mo t, con tat ca cac v tr khac mach
eu khong c cap ien.

Phan tom tat bai hoc:

- Nguon cung cap trong may cassette co hai thanh phan:
nguon khong on ap va nguon co on ap
- Nguon khong on ap cung cap cho: mot, on ap va IC
khuech ai cong suat.
- Nguon khong on ap c cung cap thong qua cong
tac chon chc nang va la kim tren he c.

V tr Radio cap ien trc tiep cho may.

V tr Tape cap ien cho may qua la kim tren he

c.
62 ien cho cac thanh phan con
- Nguon sau on ap cap
lai trong may.

- Co 2 dang cap trc tiep en cac IC thong qua ien

RADIO

63

RADIO

S o nguyen ly nguon kieu RADIO - TAPE- DUBBING

RADIO - DUBBING - TAPE
SW1

RADIO - DUBBING - TAPE

SW7

ON AP

D2

T801

220V
110V
10CTQ150/TO

K CONG
SUAT

SW5
+

ANTENNA

C1
J3

SW4

JACK AC

SW2

SP

AM SAC

LA KIM TREN HE C
PIN

RADIO - DUBBING - TAPE

SW3

AC IN

R1

SP

R2
R

SW6

64

HNH 2,3

CASSETTE

RADIO

RADIO

S O NGUYEN LY NGUON DANG CONG TAC

RADIO - TAPE - DUBBING - CD
AM
SAC

RADIO-TAPE-DUBBING- CD

CD - DUBBING - TAPE - RADIO

SW7
ON AP

SW1

T801

220V

110V

1
ANTENNA

K CONG
SUAT

SW5
C1

J3
SW4

JACK AC

SP

CASSETTE
SW2

LA KIM TREN HE C

RADIO

CD

RADIO-TAPE-DUBBING- CD
SW3

PIN

MACH
OI TOC

SW6

65

SP

KHOI
AU
QUANG

VCC

AC IN

RADIO

NGUYEN LY CAP NGUON CAI TIEN

RADIO - TAPE-DUBBING

DUBBING-TAPE-RADIO
SW7

SW1

ON AP

T801

220V
110V

ANTENNA

K CONG
SUAT

SW5
+

C1
J3

SW4

JACK AC

SW2

SP

AM SAC

LA KIM TREN HE C
PIN

AC IN

SP

RADIO - TAPE-DUBBING

VCC
+

M
-

MACH
OI
TOC

P
SW6

66

CASSETTE

RADIO

RADIO CASSTTE

BAI 3: HE C MAY CASSETTE

I . KHAI QUAT:
1.

Nhiem Vu He C Kh:

Trong cassette th he c kh rat quan trong v he c quyet

nh s hoat ong cua bang cassette, ong thi quyet nh
chat lng cua may.
Nhiem vu he c kh la keo bang cassette di chuyen trong
hop bang va phat ra tn hieu am thanh, tn hieu am thanh
nay dang bien o nho.
Ky hieu, cong dung cua cac phm an:
Keo bang qua au t vi van toc khong oi
e bao am chat lng am thanh. Ngay ca trong cac
trng hp nguon cung cap va he so ma sat bang thay
oi
PLAY:

REC:
FF:

Xa bang nhanh theo chieu PLAY.

REW:
may.

Che o ghi tn hieu len bang.

STOP:

EJECT:
hop bang.

Xa bang nhanh ngc chieu PLAY.

Dung e tat
Dung e m nap

PAUSE:
Dung e tam
ngng luc phat hoac ghi.
2- Trang thai cua cac phm an:
a- PLAY:
Khi an phm nay moc gai c kh c gi lai. au t,
banh ep c nang len tiep xuc vi bang. Thanh ay kim
loai lam ong tiep iem la kim, cap ien cho mo t, lam
quay truc banh trn, banh ep, mam quan bang keo bang
qua au t, e cuon bang vao hop
bang.
b- STOP:
Khi an phm nay, di tac dung
cua mat phang nghieng lam ay thanh
ngang di chuyen, thao moc gai c kh
cua cac phm an, a may tr lai trang
thai tat.
- 67 -

RADIO CASSTTE

c- REC:
Khi an phm nay, phm PLAY va REC cung c nang len
va c gi lai bi moc gai c kh. au t, banh ep c
nang len tiep xuc vi bang. Thanh ay kim loai lam ong
tiep iem la kim, cap ien cho mo t, lam quay truc banh
trn, banh ep, mam quan bang keo bang qua au t, e
cuon bang vao hop bang. Thanh ay kim loai khac keo
cong tac PLAY va REC sang trang thai ghi, ong thi au t
xoa c cap ien. Bang i qua au t c xoa trc khi
ghi.
d- FF:
Khi an phm nay moc gai c kh c gi lai. au t,
banh ep khong c nang len. Thanh ay kim loai lam ong
tiep iem la kim, cap ien cho mo t, lam quay truc banh
trn, banh truyen ong 1 va 2 tiep xuc vi mam quan
bang e quan bang nhanh vao hop bang theo chieu PLAY.
e- REW:
Khi an phm nay moc gai c kh c gi lai. au t, banh
ep khong c nang len. Thanh ay kim loai lam ong tiep
iem la kim, cap ien cho mo t, lam quay truc banh trn,
banh truyen ong 1 tiep xuc vi mam xa bang e quan
bang nhanh vao hop bang ngc chieu
PLAY.
f- EJECT:
Khi an phm nay moc gai c kh
hop bang c m ra, di tac dung cua
lo xo ay hop bang e lam bat nap
bang ra ngoai.
g- PAUSE:
Khi an phm nay moc gai c kh c
gi lai, thanh ay kim loai se keo banh ep khong tiep xuc
vi bang, ong thi banh truyen ong 2 cung khong tiep
xuc vi mam quan bang nen bang b tam ngng quan vao
hop trong khi mo t van c cap ien bi tiep iem la kim.
3- NGUYEN TAC KET CAU HE C:

Trong he c cassette co ket cau nh sau:

a. Bang t cassette: lam nhiem vu lu tr tn hieu am thanh,
co the ghi c tn hieu va ong thi co the xoa c
tn hieu am thanh.
b.au t cassette: lam nhiem vu nhan tn hieu am thanh e
ghi vao bang cassette, ong thi con lam nhiem vu lay
tn hieu am thanh a ghi t bang cassette e phat lai tn
hieu am thanh nay ra loa.
- 68 -

RADIO CASSTTE

c. Mot: lam nhiem vu chnh trong viec chuyen ong cua he

c, tao lc cho dan c hoat ong, thong thng mot hoat
ong di s ieu khien cua tiep iem la kim
d.Cac phm bam: lam nhiem vu chon cac trang thai hoat
cua bang cassette, thong thng cac phm bam hoat ong
c gi lai bang cac moc gai c kh.
e. Cac banh xe truyen ong: lam nhiem vu chuyen oi cac
trang thai hoat ong cua bang cassette.
f. Day curoa: lam nhiem vu truyen lc quay t mot vao cac
banh xe truyen ong.
4- PHAN LOAI HE C :
Trong he c cassette c phan chia lam cac loai nh sau:
He c Auto stop, He c Auto Reverse, He c ieu khien.
II- MOT SO LINH KIEN QUAN TRONG TRONG HE C:
1- BANG T CASSETTE:
a- Cau tao, phan loai
Bang cassete c cau tao bi si day nha tong hp,
tren o c phu mot lp bot t gom nhieu hat t sap
xep khong theo trat t, tuy theo lp bot t ma ngi ta chia
thanh cac loai bang nh Normal - Oxyt Crom Metal.
Cach phan biet 3 loai bang nay la nhn ch in tren
bang hay vo hop bang. Tuy nhien ta co the nhn di ay
hop bang co ky hieu khoang trong thay oi, bang Metal
co khoang trong ln hn Oxyt Crom, bang Oxyt Crom ( CrO 2 )
khoang trong ln hn bang Normal.
b- Cac ng ghi tren bang:
Mot bang t cassete khi cha ghi th t trng tren bang
sap xep hon loan. Khi ghi tren bang, cac hat t c sap
xep theo trat t nhat nh (goi la cac ng ghi: track).

B A N G G H I S T E R E O

A U T S T E R E O

A U T M O N O

B A N G G H I M O N N O

A U T M O N O

Khi phat, cac ng ghi tren bang i qua khe t cua au

t, tao ra tn hieu di dang ien the ng.
Trc khi ghi, ngi ta lay tn hieu tan so cao au t
xoa chong len tn hieu cu goi la xoa.
- 69 -

RADIO CASSTTE

Vi bang Cassette c ghi vi au t mono th ch co 2

ng ghi (2 track: A va B). ng ghi cua 1 mat bang ghi
mono (A hoac B), co o cao bang 2 lan o cao cua 2 ng
ghi oi vi bang ghi stereo, do o khi s dung bang ghi mono
phat vi may stereo th ta van nghe c 2 ng tieng ra loa
nhng giong nhau.
Vi bang Cassette c ghi
vi au t Stereo th co 4 ung
ghi (moi mat bang A va B se co
2 ng ghi lien tiep vi nhau).
Khi dung bang ghi stereo
phat vi may stereo th ta se nghe
c 2 ng tieng oc lap
tng loa

Hnh 1

2- au t
a. Hnh dang, Cau tao:
- Gom co cuon day quan tren
loi sat ghep t nhieu la sat, loi
sat co 1 khe h nho goi la khe t,
ni ay dung e trao oi tn hieu
gia au t va bang t.

L o i a u t
& c u o n d a y
B o t t

Hnh 2

- Khe t c thiet ke co o
rong phu hp sao cho co the lien
lac c t trng t bang tot
nhat song bao am khong tao t
tr ln lam giam cng o t
thong trong loi sat se lam giam
bien o tn hieu ra. (xem hnh 2 va
3)
- Do o khi au t s dung lau

ngay b mon, nen khe t rong lam

giam bien o cac tn hieu co tan
so cao cua tn hieu am.

Hnh 3

C H N H O C

Hnh 4

b. Phng phap thay the va

chnh au t:
- au t may mono: Hien tren
th trng khong co ban cac loai
au t cua may mono nhng van
con kha nhieu may mono con s
dung do o ta phai dung au t
stereo e thay the.
Cac bc tien hanh nh sau:

e b a n g t

B a n g t

N O I C H E O C H A N A U T S T E R E O
E T H A N H A U T M O N O

Hnh 5

Day
tn
hie
u
Hnh 6

Day
mass

- 70 -

RADIO CASSTTE

1. Thao oc pha co pad co nh.

2. Ni oc pha pad co lo xo. Chu y khong thao oc ra
khoi he c co the lam vang mat lo xo. (xem hnh 4)
3. Dung mo han thao day ra khoi au t.
cu.

4. Chon au t stereo mi co chieu cao pad ung bang au t

5. au cheo day nh hnh 5.
6. Han day tn hieu vao au t. Chu y day mass la day
boc giap han pha co nh
7. Gan au t vao he c.
8. Cho may hat vi bang chuan.

9. Chnh oc pha co lo xo cho en khi may hat nghe

tieng treble hay nhat.
- au t may stereo dang 3 day (mass chung): phng phap
au day nh hnh 6
- au t stereo dang 5 day
(day mass noi xuong sn he c
e chong nhieu). Cac bc tien
hanh tng t nh tren nhng
phng phap au day nh hnh7:

Hnh 7

Chu y: Khi a can chnh

cho may hat phai th ghi tn
hieu t Radio va phat lai neu
nghe nho phai oi au day tn
hieu.
au t may Auto Reverse dang
xoay:

Hnh
8

au t c bo tr tren he c
(xem hnh 8)
Cac bc thay the va can chnh
1. Thao oc au t (xem hnh 9).
2. Thao that day au t vao
he c.
3. Nhac au t ra khoi he c.
4. o kiem tra xac nh au t
xoa va au t ghi phat (au t
xoa co ien tr nho hn thong
thng khoan 5- 10 Ohm).

Vt gi
au t
vao he c

Hnh
9

5. Ghi chu lai mau day.

6. Thao day ra khoi au t.
- 71 Hnh 10

Vt ieu
chnh am

RADIO CASSTTE

7. Nhac o xoay ra khoi mam xoay.

8. Chon au t mi co ng kn va chieu cao ung bang
au t cu (xem hnh 12).
9. o ohm tren au t mi xac nh cac tram han cua au
t xoa va ghi phat.
10.
Han day au t vao o xoay.
11.
Gan o xoay vao mam xoay tren he c.
12.
Cot day au t vao he c.
13.
Cho may phat vi bang
chuan.
Chieu
14.
Chnh oc pha co tay
rong
on cho en khi may hat hay nhat
(xem hnh 10).
Hnh 11

au t Auto Reverse dang khong

xoay:
1. Thao au t ra khoi he c.
2. Thao cong tac ngat tn hieu ra Chieu
cao
khoi he c. (xem hnh 13)
3. Thao au t ra khoi cong tac
Hnh 12
ngat tn hieu. (xem hnh 14)
4. Mua au t mi tng t au
t cu.
5. Gan au t mi vao cong tac ngat tn hieu.
6. Gan au t va cong tac vao he c.
7. Cho may phat vi bang chuan.
8. Chnh oc 2 pha au t cho en khi co am sac hay
nhat.

C S -R

Php dan tn
hieu

C S -F

Hnh
13

Cong tac ngat

tn hieu
Hnh 14
Mat di au t

CAC LOAI AU T
- 72 -

RADIO CASSTTE

3- Mot:
Mach on
toc
Mot
Hnh
14

a.

hnh 15
b.

Hnh
15
Hnh
16

Hnh dang: Xem

Cau tao:

Gom hai thanh phan c ban trong 1 vo va mach on nh toc

o cho mot.
- Mot gom co 2 thanh phan starto la thanh phan co nh
c cau tao bi mot loi nam cham vnh cu hnh tru rong
(hnh16).
- Rotor la phan quay hay con goi la phan ng la 3 cuon day
quan tren loi sat co 3 canh hnh canh quat va c cap ien
bang hai la kim. (xem hnh 15 va 16 )
c- Ky hieu:
Thong thng phan mot
h khong the sa cha hoac
rat mat thi gian thng
ngi ta ch sa cha
phan on toc cho mot.

d- Phan loai:
i.

Theo dien ap lam viec

Cac mot thong dung tren th trng co ien the lam viec
la: 6V; 7.5V; 9V; 12V
- Theo chieu quay cua mot, co 2 loai
mot ghi la CW

Chieu quay thuan: quay cung chieu kim ong ho. Tren

+ Chieu quay nghch: quay ngc chieu kim ong ho. Tren
mot ghi la CCW
- Theo toc o quay cua mot, co 2 loai:
+ Loai mot 1 toc o (mot 2 day): S dung hau het oi
vi cac may Cassette thong thng.
+ Loai mot 2 toc o (mot 4 day): Loai nay s dung vi
may 2 hop bang dung e ghi toc o bnh thng hoac toc
o nhanh. Loai nay ngoai 2 day lay ien ghi (+) (-) con 2 day
dung e thay oi toc o la A va B.
- 73 -

RADIO CASSTTE

- Ngoai ra con co cac loai mot dung trong au cam (au

Deck). Khi thay the can chu y en toc o quay cua mot,
thong dung co 3 toc o: 1800 Rms, 2200Rms, 2400Rms.
- Mot trong may cassette xe hi s dung vi ien the 13,2v.
R5

3- Mach on toc mo t:

330
Q2

a- Mach on toc dung:

Mach ien

R3

Q2 cap dong cho mot thong

qua s ieu khien cua Q1.

2k7

R7

12k

D1

- Nhiem vu cac linh kien:

Q1 do sai va khuech ai tn
hieu do sai.

+VCC
B562

2,7

R1

C1
D2

Q1

VR

C1815

500

M
R4

VR ieu chnh toc o cho

mo t.

R2

3k9

R6

C2

1k

3,3MF

270

D1, D2 do ien ap tren mo t

a vao chan E/Q1.
R6, C2: tu kch Q2 dan manh khi khi ong e bao am cap u
dong cho mo t.
- Nguyen ly hoat ong:
Khi va an play mach c cap ien, tu C6 nap qua R6, R7 tao
ien the phan cc kch Q2 dan kha manh cap dong cho mo t,
ong thi R5 cap dong nhat nh cho mo t khi khi ong.
+ Khi mo t nhe tai dong tieu thu nho ien ap tren R1
giam do o ien ap tai chan C/Q2 tang thong qua 2 diode lam
ien ap tai chan E/Q1 tang nen lam giam phan cc moi noi
BE/Q1, Q1 dan yeu giam dong IB phan cc cho Q2, Q2 dan yeu
giam dong cung cap mo t quay cham lai tranh b quay nhanh
do nhe tai.
+ Khi mo t nang tai th ngc lai.
- Cac h hong va phng phap sa cha:

Mo t quay cham, va rat nong R5: do t moi noi BE/ Q2.

- 74 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

Mo t quay rat nhanh chnh bien tr khong co hieu qua:

cham moi noi CE/Q2.

Mo t quay sai toc o chnh bien tr co hieu qua nhng

khong tm c iem mo t quay ung toc o: bien tr b
chay.

An play mo t khong quay dung tay ay banh trn may

hat bnh thng: tu C6 giam tr so.

b. Mach on toc dung IC:

- Khi mach on toc trong mot b h hong, ta
co the thay bang mach on toc dung IC
LA5512 co ket cau n gian, hoat ong on
nh. Trong mach nay bien tr VR dung e
thay oi toc o quay cua mot. Chnh bien
tr theo chieu kim ong ho mo t quay nhanh,
ngc kim ong ho mot quay cham.

- Khi thay mot co mach on toc lap san ben trong, neu
mua nham mo t mi co chieu quay ngc vi chieu quay
cua mo t cu. e mo t quay ung chieu ta phai cat mach
au day ao chieu cap ien cho mo t.
- Khong c ao chieu cap ien len mach on toc, v se
lam h hong IC on toc.
c. Cac kieu mach ieu khien oi toc mo t 4 day:
- Mach ien 1:

VCC

Khi ghi tn hieu t Radio

VR1
(cong tac Radio Tape
v tr Radio) R2 cap ien
M
REC
VR2
10K
cho Q1 bao hoa ien
10K
PLAY
ap tai chan C/Q1 co
mc thap , ay cung DUBBING
TAPE
chnh la ienh ap tai RADIO
chan B/Q2 nen lam Q2
ngng dan .ien ap
chan C/Q2 co mc cao tao ieu kien phan cc cho Q3 bao
hoa noi tat R5 va VR2 luc nay hai day ieu khien toc o
ch con VR1 co tong tr nho mo t quay toc o bnh
thng.
R3

10K

15K

R5

D1

R4

220K

R1

Q2

6K8

Q3

C1815

C1815

R2

Q1

10K

C1815

Khi ghi tn hieu t Micro (cong tac Radio Tape v tr Tape)

ta thay v tr cua cong tac tng t nh tren nen toc o mo
t khong oi.
Khi ghi tn hieu t Tape A sang Tape B (cong tac Radio Tape
v tr Dubbing) ta thay luc nay Q 1 ngng dan nen Q2 bao
hoa ien ap chan C/Q2 mc thap nen Q3 ngng dan luc
nay hai day ieu
- 75 -

SW1

RADIO - CASSETTE

khien toc o co VR1 noi tiep vi VR2 va R5 tong tr

cua mach tang len mo t quay nhanh gap 2 lan bnh thng.

VCC

SW1

VR1

+
R1
15K

DUBBING

SW2

10k

VR3

VR2

VR4

5k

10k

R2
15K
Q2
Q1

R3

R5

5K6

15K

15K

R6
5K6

PLAY
REC

Q3
C1815

RADIO
R8

5k

TAPE

C1815

C1815

Q4

C1815
R4

R7

15K

15K

Kieu mach 2:
Khi an play hai la kim tren he
c ong lay nguon kch dan Q 1, Q4
cap dong cho mo t. luc nay
cong tac radio tape v tr play
nen cung cap ien ap kch dan Q 2,
Q3 bao hoa, hai nhanh bien tr
c mac song song nen co trong
tr nho mo to quay toc o
bnh thng cho du ta co chuyen
cong tac sang v tr Dubbing.

Banh ep bang
Hnh 19

Banh ep
bang
Hnh 18

Khi ghi tn hieu t Radio (cong

tac RadioTape v tr Radio) cong
tac RadioTape se cap nguon cho
Q2, Q3 bao hoa nen mo t quay
toc o bnh thng.
Khi ghi tn hieu t Micro (cong
tac Radio Tape v tr Tape) ta
thay v tr cua cong tac tng t
nh tren nen toc o mo t khong
oi.

ng knh cot banh

trn

ng knh vanh
cao su

Khi ghi tn hieu t Tape A sang

Tape B (cong tac Radio Tape v tr
Hnh 20
Dubbing) ta thay luc nay Q2, Q3
khong c phan cc nen ngng dan luc nay tong tr cua
mach ln mo t quay nhanh gap 2 lan.
- 76 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

III- HE C AUTO STOP:

He c Auto stop la cac he c co the t ong tat may
khi hat het bang. Hien tren th trng co 2 loai:
T ong tat may bang c kh.
Tu ong tat may ieu khien bang ien t
1.He thong ieu khien bang
a. Cac linh kien gom co: Banh ep bang, Mo t, Day cua
roa, Banh trn
b. Mo ta cac linh kien:
Banh ep bang: gom loi nha
cng ben ngoai la vanh cao su
tao ma sat (xem hnh 18 va 19).
Khi thay banh ep bang can chu
y cac thong so nh sau:

Banh
trn
Banh ep

bang

- ng knh cot banh ep:

Thong thng hien nay co 3 loai
2mm; 2,5mm va 3mm mot so
banh ep bang cua may hieu
Sony hoac Philips co cot banh
ep bang bang nha dnh lien vi loi nha cua banh ep
bang.
- ng knh vanh cao su hien tren th trng co cac
loai thong dung danh cho may phone, va may cassette e
ban. thng cac may cassette e ban co c khac nhau c
nho, c trung, va c ln.
Khi thay banh ep bang nhat thiet ta phai so sanh
banh ep bang cu vi banh ep bang mi sao cho
khp hai thong so tren.
IV. IEU KHIEN TAT MAY BANG IEN T:
1. Khai quat
a. Nguyen tac
chung

Cam
bien

- Tren he c kh ngi
ta gan cac cam bien
cam nhan chuyen ong
quay cua trai khe tren
mam quan bang thanh
cac tn hieu ien khac
- 77 -

ieu
khien

He c

RADIO - CASSETTE

nhau e cung cap cho ieu khien tao ra lenh ieu khien phu
hp.
- Thong thng ngi ta s dung cac loai cam bien nh;
cam bien dung cac la
FF
REW
PLA Y
STO P
kim, cam bien t va cam
bien quang.
- Khoi ieu khien: nhan
tn hieu t cam bien nhan
dang cac tn hieu e nhan
biet trai khe tren mam
quan bang con quay hay
khong t ay se co lenh
ieu khien phu hp cung
cap cho mach khuech ai
dong t ay cap dong cho
mot Solenoid tao lc tac
ong vao he c e tat may.

SO L E N O ID

Hnh 28. Nguyen ly tat may

bang ien t

- He c la c cau chap hanh ieu khien

2. Kieu mach s dung cam bien bang la kim:
a. Cam bien:
- Ngi ta dung nhong 2 tang trong o co 1 nhong at
lech tam. Nhong nay co the at chung truc vi mam quan
bang, hoac co the thong qua he thong nhong truyen ong
e quay theo mam quan bang khi may phat.
- Khi may hat bnh thng nhong rang quay thanh trt la
kim se trt tren nhong lech tam do o cac la kim lan lt
chuyen oi v tr tiep xuc, cac
la kim lan lt c noi tat.
Nh vay ta co the xem cac
cam bien tng t nh mot
cong tac t chuyen oi trong
qua trnh may ang hat, va
ch trang thai co nh khi
cac a cam khong quay.
Hnh 29 .Kieu nhong
- Phng phap kiem tra cac
cam bien:
- o ohm tai chau chung vi
1 chau rieng cua la kim, dung
tay quay cham banh trn, neu
thay co ien tr thay oi la
tot, neu khong co ien tr
thay oi kiem tra lai tiep iem
cac la kim. Dung con lam
sach cac tiep iem la kim.
- 78 -

lech tam
Phan dan
ien

Phan khong
dan ien
Hnh 30. Kieu dung
a cam

RADIO - CASSETTE

b- Mach ien (hnh 31)

* Nhiem vu cac linh kien:
- Q2 cap dong cho cuon
day Solenoid

VCC
C1
33uF

- Q1 cap ien the ieu

khien Q2

+ C2
10uF

R2

R4
1k5
SOLENOID

1k
D1
SW1

- R1 han dong Ib/Q1.

- R2 han ddo2ng nap xa
ien C2.

R3
Q2

- R4 tai chan C/Q1.

R1

- R5 han dong Q2.

100
Q1

33k

- C1, C2 tao dong ieu

khien.D1 dap xung t cuon
day bao ve Q2

R5
470

Hnh 31.

c. Nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach:

- Khi an Play mach c cap nguon, tu 33uF nap qua R1
va moi noi EB/Q1 a Q1 dan ien en trang thai bao hoa
ien ap chan C/Q1 gan bang 0V (0,2V) nen Q2 ngng dan
Solenoid khong c cap dong nen khong tac ong vao
he c kh.
Neu he c kh hoat ong bnh thng truc quan bang
quay keo a cam ien quay th la kim 2 lan lc ong vao 1
va 3 ta thay

Neu 1 ong vi 2 ca 2 tu C1, C2 eu nap (tu C1 xa

ien qua tu C2).

Neu 1 ong vi 3 C2 xa ien qua cuon solenoid tu C2

trong. Khi 1 ong vi 2 C1 xa qua C2 do o tu C2 khong the
b ay nen lien tuc duy tr dong I b cho Q1 bao hoa Q2 ngng
an khong cap dong ccho cuon day solenoid khong tac
ong vao he cc kh may hoat ong bnh thong.

- Gia s he c co s co hoac het bang trai khe tren

mam quan bang khong quay, cac tiep iem ch 1 trang
thai duy nhat nen tu C2 khong co ieu kien xa ien. Khi
tu C1 nap ay ien I b = 0V Q1 ngng dan nen Q 2 dan cap
dong cho cuon solenoid tac ong vao he c kh lam tat
may.
3. MACH IEN CAM BIEN BANG RELAY QUE
a.Cam bien:

- 79 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

- Relay que co dang tron dai

vo thuy tinh co the nhn thay
c ben trong.

IC Hald
Vanh nam
cham

1 2 3 4

- Ngi ta dung mot vanh

nam cham co t trng khong
eu thng c at tren bo
em so vong , t bo em so
vong co day cua roa mang
vao trai khe tren mam quan
bang.

Relay que

- Khi con bang truc quan

Hnh 31, Cam
bang con quay keo bo em so
bien t
vong quay eu t trng quet
qua Relay que thay oi lien tuc lam la kim ong m lien tuc
ay la trang thai khong tac ong vao he c kh.
- Khi het bang truc quan bang khong quay bo em so
vong khong quay t trng qua Relay que khong thay oi
lam la kim ch mot trang thai nhat nh ong hoac
m ay la trang thai tac ong vao he c kh lam tat
may .
- Ngoai ra ngi ta con dung 1 so linh kien ban dan nh
IC Hald khi co t trng u ln quet qua IC se lam ien
tr IC giam nho ang ke.

- 80 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

b. Mach ien (hnh 32)

VCC

Nhiem vu cac linh kien.

R4

R1

R2

- Q2 cap dong cho cuon day 33kSolenid

12K

47k

SOLENOID
D1

- Q1 cap ien the ieu khien Q2

R3

C1

- C1, C2 tao dong ieu khien.

2k2

10uF

D1
Q2

- R2 han dong Ib / Q1

Q1

SW

- D1 dap xung t cuon day bao ve Q2.

+ C1

100uF

c.Nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach:

D2

Hnh 32

- Khi an Play mach c cap nguon, tu 100uF nap qua R2

song ien ap tang cham nen khong co ien the phan
cc e kch dan Q1, nen Q2 ngng dan Solenoid khong c
cap dong nen khong tac ong vao he c kh.

Neu he c kh hoat ong bnh thng truc quan bang

quay la kim 2 lan lc ong va m khi la kim m tu C2 nap
qua D1 lam ien the tai au am cua no giam ti 0V.

Khi Relay ong C2 xa qua C1 va D2 do o ien the tren

tu C1 khong the tang len c Q2 tiep tuc ngng an
khong cap dong cho cuon day solenoid khong tac ong
vao he c kh may hoat ong bnh thng.
Gia s he c co s co hoac het bang trai khe tren
mam quan bang khong quay ,cac tiep iem ch 1 trang
thai duy nhat nen tu C2 khong co ieu kien nap, xa ien .
Khi tu 100uF nap ien the tang len en muc dan nen Q1
dan cap dong phan cc cho Q2 dan cap dong cuon solenoid
tac ong vao he c kh lam tat may.
4.

Mach ien cam bien bang quang:

a.Cam bien:

- Ngi ta dung mot a uc lo, a

phan xa anh sang hoac a co dang
hnh canh quat (xem hnh 32) tren a co
mot buly c mang day cua- roa vao
trai khe tren mam quan bang.
- Phoi hp vi a phan xa anh sang
la bo cam bien gom
quang tr va LED phat
hong ngoaiic bo tr sao
cho khi a quay anh sang
chieu len quang tr luon
thay oi. (hnh 33)

Hnh 32

- 81 Hnh 33

RADIO - CASSETTE

- Khi het bang truc quan bang khong quay a khong

quay anh sang chieu len quang tr khong thay oi lam
gia tr ien tr cua quang tr mot gia tr nhat nh
ln nhat khi b che toi nho nhat khi c chieu sang ay
la trang thai tac ong vao he c kh lam tat may
Mach ien.
R4
VCC
C1

R1

R2
27K

6k8

220uF

330

R3
1k

SOLENOID
C2
33uF

R5
1k5

D3

D2

C8

C6
+

Q1

CDS
C5
1n

Q3

R8
47K

47uF
D1

1uF

Q2
R6
10k

R7
330

C7
100uF

+ C1
220uF

R9
8k2

R10
470

b.

Nhiem vu cac linh kien:

- R1 phan cc cho quang tr.
- Q1 khuech ai tn hieu tao ra t s bien thien ga tr
ien tr tai quang tr.
- D1,D2 , C5 la mach nan ien nhan oi bien oi tn
hieu lay ra t chan
- C/ Q1 thanh DC
- Q2 cap dong ieu khien Q3.
- Q3 cap dong cho cuon Solenoid.
- C7 C8 tao dong nap ban dau e mach i qua qua o
en xac lap c on nh.
-

HE C AUTO REVERSE:

1. He thong ieu khien bang:

Cac he c Auto reverse co chung nguyen tac ket cau nh
sau:
- Co 2 banh ep bang hai pha lan lt ep vao bang
khi oi chieu phat.
- Co hai banh trn c mang day cu roa sao cho luon
Hnh 34
quay ngc chieu nhau.
a.Phng phap bo tr banh ep:
-

Dang au t xoay

- 82 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

Day bang
Banh trn
2

Banh trn
1

Mo t

Xem mach ien nh hnh 34.

Hnh 34

- Ta thay hai banh ep c bo tr ve hai pha tng ng

vi hai cot banh trn c mang day cua roa sao cho lun
quay ngc chieu nhau.
- Thanh truyen ay banh ep se di chuyen theo phng
ngang moi khi may oi chieu phat .Trong hnh ve may ang
trang thai phat theo chieu t trai sang phai , thanh
truyen ay banh ep di chuyen ve pha phai ay banh ep
phai e vao cot banh trn se ay bang qua au t
Dang au t khong xoay: Xem hnh 35

C S -R

C S -F

Hnh 35

b.

Phng phap bo tr banh trn

Cac kieu mang day cua roa e hai banh trn quay ngc
chieu nhau:
Dang 1

- 83 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

KIEU BANH EP
T DI LEN

Dang 3

Dang 2

Hnh 36

Kieu banh ep t
tren xuong

BAI 4: TANG KHUECH AI CONG SUAT

I.

Khai quat

1.Nguyen tac chung:

- Tang cong suat trong may Radio Cassette la tang khuech
ai ong lc cung cap tn hieu cho loa.
- Ngo vao cua tang cong suat lay tn hieu t volume.
- Ngo ra tn hieu cua tang cong suat en jack cam phone
qua tiep iem thng ong trong jack cam phone sau o en
loa.
- Thong thng cac IC cong suat co nhom tan nhiet,
nhng mot so may cong suat nho th khong co tan nhiet.
- Nguon cung cap cho tang khuech ai cong suat c lay
trc tiep t B1+ khong i qua on ap.
2.Phan loai:
- Tng t nh cac loai Ampli dung transistor cac Ampli IC trong
may radio cassette cung co cac loai
- OTL: Dung nguon n, s dung tu lien lac tn hieu ra loa.
Co cong suat khong ln khoan 1W en vai 10W. Thong
thng cac may Cassette e ban cong suat nho s dung
- 84 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

loai nay. Ta thay co 1 IC cong suat cho 2 loa va dung nguon

n.
- OCL: Mot so may Cassette co cong suat ln s dung
kieu Ampli IC dung nguon oi thng la cac may dan Hi Fi
khong s dung pin. Cac IC trong may s IC ho STK
- BTL: S dung 2 IC trong 1 may, tc la 1 IC cho 1 loa, cong
suat tng oi ln co the s dung kieu OTL hoac OCL e
ghep. Loai nay 2 day ra loa khong co day noi Mass.

II.

IC cong suat
kieu OTL:

1. Mach ien nguyen

ly:
I.
XEM HNH 4.1
2. Phan tch:

MUTTING
C1

VCC
TU RA
LOA

IN+
C2
IN-

LF
C4

C3
TANG O
LI

T C

- CHAN IN+: Lay tn

Hnh 4.1 S o nguyen ly
hieu t chau gia bien
Ampli OTL
tr volume qua tu lien
lac, thong thng tren ng tn hieu nay co tu khoan vai
tram en vai ngan pF e loai nhieu tan so cao.
- Chan IN- con goi la chan NF (Negative Feedback) chan hoi
tiep am. Tn hieu hoi tiep t ngo ra loa a ve c thc
hien ben trong IC, ben ngoai ch co tu va ien tr thoat tn
hieu AC e tang o li. Neu ien tr nho th o li tang
va ngc lai.
- Chan LF: la chan loc nguon trong IC, thng IC co mach on
ap cho tang Pre Ampli trong IC nen chan nay c gan tu
khoan 100F - 220F.
- Chan BS (Boostrap): Chan nay co tu hoi tiep t iem
gia ve t 47F en 100F.
- Chan VCC lay ien t nguon cung cap khong on ap.
- Chan OUT: ra loa, do Ampli kieu OTL nen luon luon co tu
lien lac tn hieu ra loa thng co tr so trong khoan vai tram
F.
- Chan mutting: nhan tn hieu ieu khien lam cam tang
cong suat, thng ien the ieu khien khoan 3v- 5v.
Nh vay: Mot tang khuech ai cong suat OTL
phai co cac chan nh tren Neu IC thiet ke co 2 tang
khuech ai ben trong th so chan se tang len trong
o cac chan co chc nang chung nh: V CC, LF, Mutting,
vv th s dung chung ch them 2 ngo vao 1 ngo ra va
chan t c (boostrap).
- 85 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

3. Cac mach ien ien hnh:

a- Mach 1: (Xem hnh 4.2)

+12V - 20V

C7
1000uF

C8

14

100/16V

100/16V
C1

C2

47/16V

C9

1000/16V

IN-L

C10

104

5
7

LA 4508

SPEAK 1

R1
4.7
C11
104

C3

C4

IN-R

11

13

C12

1000/16V

12

47/16V

C13
104

100/16V

10

SPEAK 2

R2

4.7

C14
C5
100/16V

C6

100/16V

100/16V

Hnh 4.2. Ampli OTL dung IC

LA4508

IC LA 4508 s dung trong may Radio Cassette hieu National

Model RF 1000
- Chan 2va chan 13 la ngo vao lay tn hieu t chau
gia bien tr volume thong qua cac ien tr han bien phoi
hp tr khang va tu lien lac ngan DC Chan 3 va chan 12 la
ngo vao ao nhan tn hieu hoi tiep ben trong IC con goi la
chan NF (Negative Feedback). Ben ngoai chan IC nay dung tu
noi mass thoat tn hieu hoi tiep xuong Mass e tang o li
cho IC cong suat. Ta co the noi tiep ien tr vai chuc
vao hai tu tai chan nay e giam o li IC nh mong muon.
- Chan 4 va chan 11 lien lac tn hieu ra loa thong qua tu
ngan DC.
- Chan 6 va chan 9 co tu hoi tiep (tu t c).
- Chan 8 lay ngun B+.
- Chan 1 tu loc nguon thap trong IC (LF: Low Filter).
- Chan 5 va 10 tu loc nhieu tan so cao.

- 86 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

b- Mach 2: IC4440 (Xem mach ien hnh 4.3)

+12V - 20V

+ C1
1000uF

C6

14

11

13

100/16V

2
C2

47/16V
+

C7

12

1000/16V
+

IN-L

C10
104

LA 4440

SPEAK 1

R1

MUTE

4.7

C3

10

47/16V

C8

1000/16V
+

C9
104

IN-R

SPEAK 2

R2
4.7

C5
+

5
C4

100/16V

100/16V

Hnh 4.3. Ampli OTL dung IC

LA4440

- C ban IC LA4440 co cau truc tng t nh IC LA 4508 nhng

co them cac chan chc nang khac
- Chan 10 va chan 12 lien lac tn hieu ra loa thong qua tu
ngan DC cac tu nay thng co ien dung kha ln khoan
470F - 1000F,
- Chan9 va chan 13 co tu hoi tiep (tu t c ).
- Chan 11 lay ngun B+.
- Chan 5 tu loc nguon thap trong IC (LF: Low Filter). Tu nay
co ien dung 100F- 470F.
- Chan 1 va 7 tu tang o li. Muon thay oi o li ta gan
them ien tr noi tiep vi tu tai hai chan nay. Gia tr ien
tr ty le nghch vi o li cua IC (ien tr tang, o li
giam).
- Chan 4 nhan tn hieu lam cam. Neu chan nay nhan
mc ien the 5v hoac ln hn se lam cam tang khuech ai
cong suat.

- 87 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

c- Macch 3: IC KA 2206 c s dung rong rai trong cac RadioCassette Trung Quoc IC nay tng ng vi cac IC KIA 2025,
LA4192, TA7769.

+12V - 20V

+ C1
1000uF

C6

14
C11

4.7

47/16V
C2
47/16V

100/16V

5
C7

1000/16V
+

R3

IN-L

12

C10
104

SPEAK 1

R1

KA2206

4.7

C3
C8

11

47/16V
+

IN-R
4.7

C9
104

C12

SPEAK 2

R2

47/16V

4.7

10

C5
+

R4

1000/16V
+

C4
100/16V

100/16V

Hnh 4.4mach khuech ai cong suat dung

ICKA2206, 8W

- 88 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

+12V - 20V

C7

1000uF

C8

12

100/16V

1/16V
C1

C2

47/16V

C9

1000/16V

IN-L

C10

SPEAK 1

104

R2

R1

220

4.7

LA4192

R2
C3

47/16V

IN-R

11

C4

C12

1000/16V

220

C13
104

SPEAK 2

1/16V

R2

10

4.7

C14
C6

100/16V

100/16V

Hnh 4.5 Cong suat dung IC

LA4192, 8W

+12V - 20V

C7
1000uF

C8

12

100/16V

1/16V
C1

C2

47/16V

C9

1000/16V
+

IN-L

C10

104

R2

220

TA7233

SPEAK 1

R1
4.7
C11
104

R2
C3
+

47/16V

C4
+

IN-R

10

C12

1000/16V
+

220

C13
104

1/16V

3
C6
100/16V

11
+

- 89 -

4.7
C14
+

R2

100/16V

Hnh 4.6 Cong suat dung IC

SPEAK 2

RADIO - CASSETTE

III. IC cong suat kieu OCL:

- Trong cac may radio cassette co cong suat ln thng s
dung tang khuech ai cong suat kieu OCL
- e nhan biet ta co the quan sat nguon cap ien cho
may.
- Neu nguon cung cap cho may dang nguon oi Vcc th
chac chan tang cong suat s dung dang OCL.
- Ve mat cau truc cac linh kien ben ngoai IC rat khac so
vi dang OTL.
1.Mach ien nguyen ly:

+ 50V

R5
C3
LF
C1

C4
V+ 2

IN +

IN

OUT
IN -

R1

V-2

C7

BS
R6
R4

R7
C6

R3
C2
R7
R2

C5

- 50V

Hnh 4.7. Mach ien nguyen ly

ampli OCL

- 90 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

2.Phan tch:
- CHAN IN + lay tn hieu t chau gia bien tr volume qua
tu lien lac, thong thng tren ng tn hieu nay co tu
khoan vai tram en vai ngan pF e loai nhieu tan so cao
va luon luon co ien tr khoan vai chuc K noi Mass ay
chnh la ien tr phan cc cho tang khuech ai vi sai ngo
vao IC.
- Chan IN- con goi la chan NF (Negative Feedback) chan hoi
tiep am. Tn hieu hoi tiep t ngo ra loa a ve c thc
hien ben ngoai IC bang R3, co tu C2 va ien tr R2 thoat tn
hieu AC e tang o li.

Neu ien tr R2 nho th o li tang va ngc lai

- Chan LF: la chan co nguon thap trong IC trhng IC co

mach on ap cho tang Pre Ampli trong IC nen chan nay c
gan tu khoan 47 F - 220F.
- Chan BS (Boostrap): Chan nay c gan tu hoi tiep t
iem gia ve. Do dong phan cc cho tang khuech ai lai
dong (Drive) ben trong IC kha ln nen ngi ta a hai ien
tr cap dong R6, R7 ra ngoai IC.
- Chan VCC lay ien t nguon cung cap khong on ap.
- Chan V+ 2 lay ien t nguon cung cap qua ien tr co
lap R5 cap cho cac tang khuech ai ngo vao ben trong IC.
- Chan OUT: lien lac tn hieu ra loa. Do Ampli kieu OCL nen
khong co tu lien lac tn hieu ra loa.
- Chan Mutting: Nhan tn hieu ieu khien lam cam tang
cong suat, thng ien the ieu khien khoan 3v- 5v.
- Nh vay: Mot tang khuech ai cong suat OCL
phai co cac chan nh tren Neu IC thiet ke co 2 tang
khuech ai ben trong th so chan se tang len trong
o cac chan co chc nang chung nh: V CC, LF, Mutting,
vv th s dung chung ch them 2 ngo vao 1 ngo ra va
chan co tu c.
3.Cac mach ien ien hnh:
a- Mach 1: IC STK 4151V s dung trong may Radio
Cassette co CD cong suat kha ln khoan 70W.
- Chan 1 la ngo vao lay tn hieu t chau gia bien tr
volume thong qua tu lien lac ngan DC, C1 = 1F va C8 = 100pF
loai nhieu tan so cao, R1 = 56K phan cc cho ngo vao tang
khuech ai vi sai.
- Chan 2 la ngo vao ao nhan tn hieu hoi tiep ben
ngoai IC qua R3 = 56K con goi la chan NF (Negative Feedback)
- 91 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

chan IC nay ngi ta dung tu C2 =100F noi mass thoat tn

hieu hoi tiep xuong Mass qua R2 560, tang o li cho IC
cong suat.
- Chan 4 lay nguon -Vcc.
- Chan 6 nhan lenh ieu khien lam cam.
- Chan 7 lay nguon Vcc2 cho tang khuech ai ngo vao
trong IC qua ien tr co lap R4 = 100 va tu loc C5 =100F.
- Chan 11 lay ngun B+. Chan 5 la chan BS co 2 ien tr
R6= R7 = 2k2 cap dong cho tang lai dong ben trong IC va tu
C6 =100F la tu t c.
- Chan 12 lay ngun B+ 2 qua ien tr co lap R5 = 100
va tu loc C4 =100F.
100

+ 50V

100uF

MUTE

1uF

1k

12
1

IN

IN +

56k

470pF

IN -

11

OUT

10

1/2 STK4151
9

SP.L

2.2k

1k

100
10uF

47uF

104

BS

2.2k

1k

- 50V

56k
560
100uF

1k

1uF
18

IN

IN +

56k

470pF

OUT

13

1/2 STK4151
IN -

14
BS

17

104
SP.R

15
8

16
2.2k

47uF

2.2k
- 50V

56k
560
100uF

- 92 Hnh 4.8.K cong suat OCL 80W

RADIO - CASSETTE
100
+ 50V

100uF

.22
100pF

1k

100pF
.22

1k

1uF

15

IN

56k

470pF

11

IN +

14

OUT

1/2 STK4046

3
IN 560

13

BS

2
4

10

16

18
104

100pF

100uF
10k

12

17

SP.L

100pF

.22
1uF
.22
100

- 50V

56k

Hnh 4.9. K cong suat OCL 80w 1 IC

ra 1 loa

b. Mach 2: dung IC STK4046 dang mot IC cung cap tn hieu

cho 1 loa.
- Chan 12, 14: Lay nguon Vcc.
- Chan 3: Noi mass.
- Chan 1: Lay tn heu vao co ien tr 56k noi mass la
ien tr phan cc DC cho ngo vao vi sai cua IC.
- Chan 2: Ngo vao tr nhan tn hieu hoi tiep.
- Chan 4: ien tr phan cc cho nguon dong hang trong
IC.
- Chan 5: Cap nguon thap qua ien tr 100 cho ten
khuech ai trong IC.
- Chan 6: Nhan lenh lam cam tang cong suat di dang
ien ap 5v.
- Chan 7: Tu chong dao ong t kch tan so cao.
- Chan 8: Chong dao ong t kch tan so cao.
- Chan 9: Chong dao ong t kch tan so cao tang
khuech ai ao pha.
- Chan 10: Tng t chan 9.
- Chan 11: Tng t chan 8.
- Chan 13, 16, 17, 18: Cac ien tr on nh nhiet cho
tang khuech ai cong suat.
- 93 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

5. Phng phap o kiem tra xac nh h hong:

- o ien the tai chan ra loa cua IC:
Neu co ien the bang 0v la IC tot.
Neu co ien the -Vcc IC h.
Neu co ien the +Vcc th kiem tra tu t c.
Neu tu tot IC h.
- o VDC tai chan co tu t c. Phai co ien the nho hn
nguon -Vcc.
Neu co ien the 0v kiem tra tu t c, neu tu tot IC h.
o ien the tai chan co tu loc nguon thap phai co
ien the khoan 2/ 3 Vcc.
Neu co ien the nho hn kiem tra tu loc nguon thap,
tu tot IC h.
- Dung tay kch vao chau gia bien tr volume khi a van
volume ve v tr max phai nghe u ln.

IV. IC cong suat kieu BTL:

- Cac loai Ampli BTL trong may Radio Cassette dung IC
thng s dung cac Ampli OTL hoac OCL ghep.
- ngo ra 2 kenh se c ghep trc tiep ra loa khong
dung tu.
- ngo vao ch nhan tn hieu mot ngo vao + ngo
vao + th 2 se c noi mass e chong nhieu.
- Kenh th 2 se c cung cap tn hieu thong qua ng
hoi tiep am trong IC
1. Mach ien nguyen ly:
VCC
MUTTING

T C

C1
IN+
C2

INR1

TANG O
LI

C4

C3

C5

R2
ININ+

C6
C7

T C

- 94 Hnh 4.10 mach nguyen ly

BTL

RADIO - CASSETTE

2. Phan tch:
- Ve nguyen tac cau truc IC BTL cung t cac IC OTL hoac
OCL ghep .Tuy nhien cac ngo vao tn hieu co thay oi.
- Xem hnh 4.10, ngo vao cong cua kenh th hai c noi
mass e chong nhieu.
- Ngo vao tr kenh th hai nhan tn hieu t ngo vao tr
cua kenh th nhat khuech ai ao pha nen ngo ra loa ta co
hai tn hieu ao pha nhau.
- ngo ra loa c noi trc tiep en loa khong co tu ra
loa.
3. Mach ien ien hnh
a.

+12V - 20V

+ C7

Mach ien 1:

1000uF

C8

14
R1

100/16V

C1
+

IN-L
4.7

47/16V
C2
47/16V
+

4
C10

R4

104

LA 4508

C11

100
C3

R3
4.7

+
47/16V

12

11

13
10

C14
+

1
C5

Hnh100/16V4.11 ampli BTL ghet100/16Vt

C6
OTL

b.Phan tch:
Chan 2 lay tn hieu t chau gia bien tr
volume qua tu lien lac, thong thng tren ng tn hieu nay
co tu khoan vai tram en vai ngan pF noi mass e loai
nhieu tan so cao.
- Chan 3 con goi la chan NF (Negative Feedback) chan hoi
tiep am. Tn hieu hoi tiep t ngo ra loa a ve c thc
hien ben trong IC, ben ngoai ch co tu va ien tr thoat tn
hieu AC e tang o li ong thi cung cap tn hieu cho ngo
vao tr cua kenh th hai (chan 7). Nh vay ta co 2 tn hieu
ngo vao luon ao pha nhau nen tn hieu ngo ra se c
ao pha do o co dong lien tuc trong loa.
- 95 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

- Chan 1: La chan co nguon thap trong IC thng IC co

mach on ap cho tang Pre Ampli trong IC nen chan nay c
gan tu khoan 47 F - 220F
- Chan 6 va 9 (Boostrap): Chan nay c gan tu hoi tiep
- Chan 8 lay ien t nguon cung cap khong on ap.
- Chan 4 va 11: Lien lac tn hieu ra loa. Do Ampli kieu BTL
nen tn hieu ra loa c lien lac trc tiep en loa.
Nh vay: Mot tang khuech ai cong suat BTL phai co
2 tang khuech ai ben trong so vi Ampli OTL ch khac
ngo ra loa va ngo vao cac chan khac khong thay
oi chc nang.
Phan tom tat bai hoc:
- Tang khuech ai cong suat trong may Radio Cassette s
IC co 3 dang OTL, OCL, BTL.
- Dang OTL co mot IC s dung cho 2 loa, dung nguon n,
co tu lien lac tn hieu ra loa. ien the tai ngo ra loa Vcc.
- Dang OCL dung nguon oi, khong s dung tu lien lac ra
loa. ien the tai ngo ra loa 0v.
- Dang BTL thng c ghep t OTL khong dung tu ra loa.
Neu ghep t OTL th ien the ngo ra loa Vcc.
Neu c ghep t OCL th ien the ngo ra loa 0v.
Hai ng day loa lay tn hieu trc tiep t IC cong suat
khong co day noi mass.
Bai 5:

MACH AM SAC

CAC VAN E CHUNG:

- Trong may Radio Cassette thng s dung mach Equalizer lam

mach loc am sac, co mot so may chat lng khong cao s
dung mach loc kieu Tone n gian hn.
- Cac mach loc equalizer trong may Radio Cassette s dung
transistor hoac IC dang mach loc tch cc
- Thong thng cac mach Equalizer eu lay ien t nguon
on ap.
- Mot so may i mi s dung mach Equalizer dang Menu.
MACH EQUALIZER DUNG TRANSISTOR:
Mach 1
a.Mach ien (Xem hnh 5.1)

- 96 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

VCC

R2

C1

R5

R1

C2

R6

R7

R10

R13

R16

R19

IN

Q1
MASS

VR1

VR2

C7

C5

VR3

C9

VR4

C11

VR5

C13

R3
R9
C3

C4

R8

R12
R11

R15
R14

R18
R17

R21
R20

OUT
MASS

R4
Q2
C6
C8
C12
Hnh
5.1 mach
EqualizerC10 dung transistor

b.

C14

Phan tch mach :

- Xem s o mach ien nh hnh 5.1:

- Q1 la transistor khuech ai tang cng bien o tn hieu
ngo vao cap cho mach loc Ngi ta tnh toan sao cho tn hieu
sau khi i qua mach loc khong b suy giam bien o hoac suy
giam khong ang ke. (Thong thng bien o tn hieu vao
c nh chuan 0dB hay 1Vp-p). C1 C2 la hai tu lien lac tn
hieu vao va ra mach khuech ai.
- Cac ien tr R7, R10, R13, R16, R19 cung cap tn hieu cho
cac mach loc, cac ien tr nay se phoi hp vi cac linh
kien tai chau gia bien tr tao thanh mach co tong tr
nho oi vi tn hieu can ieu chnh.
- Cac tu tai chau gia bien tr cat tan so thap, cac tu
song song bien tr cat tan so cao, thng tu cat tan so
thap co ien dung bang 10 lan tu cat tan so cao.
- Q2 la transistor khuech ai tn hieu lay ra ong thi khi
ieu chnh cac bien tr se lam thay oi tong tr hoi tiep
am thay oi bien o tn hieu lay ra.
c. Nguyen ly hoat ong:
- Ta co the xem moi mach loc co mot nut chnh la mot
mach cong hng oi vi tan so can ieu chnh.
- Khi ta chnh bien tr ve
v tr Max luc nay tn hieu
vao i thang vao chan B/Q2
ma khong i qua bien tr,
nh vay tn hieu vao se
ln, ong thi tn hieu hoi
tiep am gia chan C/Q2 va

VCC

R18
C3

C13
C4

OUT

- 97 -

R20

R19

VR5
MIN

MAX
R21

R4
Q2
C14

Hnh
5.2

IN

RADIO - CASSETTE

chan B/ Q2 i qua bien tr nen o li cua transistor luc nay

c nang cao tn hieu ngo ra se co bien o ln nhat.
- Ngc lai neu ta chnh bien tr ve v tr MIN th tn hieu ra
se co bien o nho nhat.
2. Mach 2:
a.Mach ien (Xem mach ien hnh 5.3)
b. Nhiem vu linh kien:
- Q1 khuech ai tn hieu ngo vao e bu cho tn hieu b suy
giam trong mach loc bao am sao cho tn hieu ra phai co
bien o bang tn hieu vao .
- Q2, Q3 khuech ai ieu chnh am sac tn hieu ra .Trong o
Q3 khuech ai tn hieu hoi tiep DC ve chan E/Q1.
- Q4 khuech ai bu tn hieu lay ra.
- Cac cuon day, tu ien va ien tr tai chau gia bien
tr tao thanh mach cong hng tan so can ieu chnh,
nh vay tan so can ieu chnh tong tr cua mach nho
nhat.
- ien tr noi tiep vi cuon day va tu ien ong vai tro
m rong bang thong cho mach ngha la khi ieu chnh se
co hieu qua tai day tan so nam trong bang thong cua
mach theo cong thc BW= R/ L = fH - fL.
- Ngi ta chon cac cuon day va tu ien sao cho cac bang
thong cua cac mach loc ch lien ke nhau ma khong chong
len nhau.
VCC

R4
Q4

[[

R2
Q2
C1

R7

Q3

C2
OUT

R1

R9

R6
R3

IN

R5

Q1

MASS

R8

MASS

VR1

VR1

VR1

VR1

VR1

L1

L1

L1

L1

L1

R10

R11

R12

R13

R14

C3

C4

C5

C6

C7

- 98 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

c. Nguyen ly hoat ong:

Xem hnh 5.4

VCC

- Khi chnh bien tr

ve v tr MAX chan B/Q2
noi mass qua bien tr
va mach cong hng
nen tn hieu b suy
giam qua mass khong
ang ke , trong khi o
chan B/Q3 c noi
mass trc tiep nen tn
hieu tai ay hoan toan
thoat mass ieu nay
giup cho o li mach
khuech ai vi sai tang do
o tn hieu ngo ra at
gia tr ln nhat.

R4

Q2

R7

Q3

C2
OUT

IN

R9
R5

R3

R6

MIN

MAX

MACH CONG
HNG RLC

Hnh 5.4

- Khi chnh bien tr ve v tr MIN th ngc lai.

Hnh 5.3 Mach Equalizer dung 8

- Luc nay tai chan B/Q2 Transistor

noi mass thong qua R3 va bien tr
va mach cong hng , do bien tr co tr so kha ln khoan
100k nen tn hieu b suy giam khong ang ke .Mat khac tn
hieu hoi tiep am ve chan B/Q3 lai b noi mass trc tiep
nen Q3 dan yeu lam giam ien ap tai chan E/Q3 giup Q3
dan manh hn tang bien o tn hieu ra.
3.Mach 3 :
a.Mach ien (Xem mach ien hnh 5.3)
VCC

R1

R4

R1
C3

R2

C2

OUT

Q2

MASS

R1

C1

R1

IN

R1

Q1

R1

C4

MASS

VCC

Rb

Rb
Ca 1

Ca2

Cb1

Q3

VR1

Rb

Cb2

Ca3

VR2

Q4
Rf

Rf
Re

Rb

Cb3

Ca4

VR3

Q5
Rf

Re

Rb

Cb4

Ca5

VR4

Q6
Rf

Re

Cb5

VR5

Q7
Rf

Re

Re

Hnh 5.5 Mach Equalizer dung kieu cong hng bang

- 99 -transistor

RADIO - CASSETTE

b.

Phan tch:

- Tng t kieu mach tren tai chau

gia bien tr luc nay ngi ta dung
mach co tong tr nho oi vi tn
hieu co tan so can ieu chnh, thay
v dung cuon day va tu ien ngi ta
dung transistor va cac tu ien ieu
nay co the dang chng minh c
(vi Ca = 10Cb).

VCC

Rb
Cb5

Ca5

VR5

Q7
Rf
Re

Hnh 5.6
- Khi tn hieu vao co tan so nho hn
tn hieu co tan so can ieu chnh
mach ien luc nay co danghnh 5.6 do tn hieu vao co tan
so thap nen tu Ca co dung khang rat ln ta xem nh h
VCC
mach. Nh vay ta ieu chnh bien tr
khong lam anh hng en tn hieu co
tan so thap.
Rb

- Khi tn hieu vao co tan so ln hn

tan so can ieu chnh luc nay mach
ien co dang nh hnh 5.7.

Ca5
VR5

Cb5
.

Q7
Rf

Luc nay tong tr cua mach la Z = R B //

Re
Hnh 5.7
RE (+1) bo qua ien tr moi noi BE
cua transistor va Rf ta thay tong tr
nay rat ln. Nen khi ta ieu chnh VR cung se khong lam
anh hng en tn hieu co tan so cao hn tn hieu co tan
so can ieu chnh.
- Khi tn hieu vao co tan so ung
bang tan so can ieu chnh, luc nay
mach ien co dang hnh 5.8 co tong
tr Z= Rf +Re co gia tr kha nho khoan
vai ngan ohm.
- Nh vay khi ta ieu chnh bien tr
t v tr min sang v tr max se lam thay
oi tong tr ngo vao va tong tr hoi
tiep am cua transistor Q2 se lam thay
oi bien o tn hieu co tan so can
ieu chnh ngo ra.

VCC

Rb
Ca5
VR5

Cb5
.

Q7
Rf

Hnh 5.8

Re

- Mach ien tren ay la nguyen ly cho cac mach ien

dung IC sau nay. Nhng ngi ta se thay the cac thanh phan
khuech ai transistor bang cac mach khuech ai trong IC dang
op- amp, mach ien se ng gian hn nhieu.

- 100 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

MACH EQUALIZER DUNG IC

1. MACH 1: XEM HNH 5.9

a. Phan Tch:
- Xem mach ien nh hnh ve dung IC Ta 7796 ta thay tn
hieu a vao chan 11 IC ong thi 5 bien tr c mac song
song va noi vao vao chan 11 IC. Tat ca cac au bien tr
VCC

C12
OUT

C14

MASS
C13

IN
C11

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

TA 7796
1

C4

C2

C1

VR1

C6

C3

VR2

C8

C5

VR3

C10

C7

C9

VR4

VR5

Hnh 5.9 S o mach Equalizer

dung IC TA7796

con lai c noi chung vi nhau va noi vao chan 12 IC. nh

vay chan 11 la ngo vao + cua IC va chan 12 la ngo vao
cua IC va chan 13 la ngo ra .
- Cac cap chan 12; 3-4; 5-6; 7-8; 9-10 la
5 tang khuech ai
khac ben trong IC
phoi hp vi 2 tu
ien ben ngoai
tao thanh mach co
tong tr nho oi vi
tn hieu co tan so

IN

OUT

+
-

C11

VR1

+
-

- 101 -

C2

C1

Hnh 5.11 S o nguyen ly

Equalizer dung IC

RADIO - CASSETTE

can ieu chnh.Nh vay ta co the trien khai s o nguyen

ly cua mach
- nh sau:
- Nh vay ta thay khi ieu chnh bien tr chnh la ieu
chnh tong tr ngo vao + va ngo vao so vi mass oi
vi tn hieu co tan so can ieu chnh dan en lam thay
oi bien o tn hieu ngo ra do o li cua ic oi vi tn
hieu co tan so can ieu chnh thay oi.
- Tng t nh vay ta co 5 nut chnh vi 10 tu ben
ngoai va 5 tang khuech ai ben trong.
2.Mach 2: Mach ien (Xem hnh 5.10)
a.

Phan tch:

- Nguyen ly hoat ong cua IC BA 3812 tng t nh IC TA

7769 nhng IC BA3812 co them 1 tang khuech ai ben trong IC
VCC

C12

R1
OUT
R2

C14

C11

C15
IN
R4
18

C13

17

R3

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

BA 3812
1

C4

C2

C1

VR1

C3

VR2

VR3

VR4

C6

C8

C10

C5

C7

C9

VR5

Hnh 5.10 S o mach Equalizer dung

IC BA3812

dung e khuech ai tn hieu trc a vao mach chon loc. Tn

hieu c a vao chan 15 i qua 1 tang khuech ai ben trong
- 102 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

IC sau o lay ra chan 10 cung cap cho cac mach loc va hoi
tiep xac nh o li tai chan 13.

- 103 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

Bai 6:

KHUECH AI GHI PHAT

I. KHAI QUAT
a. Cau tao bang t:

Cuon day
Dong t
thong

1. Nguyen ly ghi tn hieu len bang:

Loi
Bang
cassete
sat
c cau tao bi si day nha tong
hp dang mang Polyeste co be day
khoan t 8-12mm tuy theo loai, tren
Bang t
o c phu mot lp bot t gom
nhieu hat t thng la bot sat t
Fe2O3 hoac co them cac thanh
phan kim loai khac co kha nang
gi t tot hn va t b xuyen lan tn
HNH 1.6
hieu trong qua trnh ghi nh CrO2
vvvv.Cac bot t tng t nh mot thanh nam cham sap xep
tren mat bang khong theo th t lam cho tong t tren mat
bang khong bien thien nghia la bang khong co tn hieu
( bang trang).xem hnh 1.6

Khi bang c ghi tn hieu cac trat t

nay b thay oi va cac bot sat t b t hoa lam cho tong
t tren cac oan bang thay oi ay chnh la yeu to tao tn
hieu khi phat lai.
Tuy theo lp bot t ma ngi ta chia
thanh cac loai bang . Hien nay co 3 loai bang cassete la:
Normal - Oxyt Crom Metal.
b. Cac thong so c ban cua cac loai bang casstte.
Cac thong so

C60

C90

C120

18

12

o day e (m)

12

o day e phu
t(m)

Mat o t (gauss)

1200

1300

1300

Mat o t d (gauss)

1000

1100

1100

300

330

350

Thi gian lam

viec(phut)

60

90

120

Chieu dai cua

bang(m)

90

135

185

o day toan phan

(m)

Mat o t khang
(gauss)

- 104 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

Vat lieu lam e

bang

Polyeste

c. Cac ng ghi tn hieu len bang:

- Cac ng tn hieu ghi tren bang: hien nay ta s dung
thong thng cac loai bang stereo co the hat c hai
chieu (hai mat) do o tn hieu ghi len co cau truc gom 4
ng danh cho 2 mat bang xem hnh 2.6.
d. Nguyen ly ghi tn hieu len
bang:
- Cac ng tn hieu ghi tren
bang: hien nay ta s dung thong
thng cac loai bang stereo co the
hat c hai chieu ( hai mat ) do o
tn hieu ghi len co cau truc gom 4
ng danh cho 2 mat bang xem
hnh 2.6.
d. Phng phap ghi tn hieu len
bang:

Kenh L mat A(0,6mm)

Khoan cach
gia R2 mat
kenh
Kenh
A(0,6mm)
0,3mm
Khoan cach gia 2
mat bang (0,8mm)
Kenh R mat B(0,6mm)
Khoan cach
gia 2 kenh
Kenh R mat B(0,6mm)
0,3mm
HNH 2.6

Cau truc cac ng ghi

tren bang

- Ngi ta a tn hieu am tan can ghi len au t bien oi

thanh t thong e nhiem t
V
len bang. Tuy nhien neu ta ch
a thuan tn hieu am tan len
au t, th tn hieu am tan co
bien o rat nho se khong the
nhiem t len bang. Nh vay khi
phat lai se xay ra hien tng b
t
meo. e tranh hien hien tng
meo khi phat lai, ta phan cc cho
au t khi ghi e tao ra t
trng san co tren au t.
- Khi co tn hien am tan t
trng cua tn hieu nay se V
chong len t trng co trc
nen khi ghi len bang phat lai
khong meo.
- Xem hnh 3.6 ta thay bien o
tn hieu am tan c nang cao
tuy thuoc vao bien o tn
hieu song cao tan a vao
au t ghi.
2.
Nguyen ly phat lai tn
hieu tren bang t:

Hnh 3.6a .Tn hieu am tan

khong phan cc

Song am
tan

t
Song cao
tan

- 105 Hnh 3.6b Tn hieu am tan co

phan cc

RADIO - CASSETTE

- Nh ta a biet tn hieu c lu gi tren bang t di dang

t thong bien thien.
- Nen khi ta cho bang lt qua au t, chnh cac t thong
bien thien nay lam xuat hien ien ap bien thien, ay chnh
la tn hieu lay ra tren cuon day au t.

Bien o ra
dB

- e chong nhieu tot, khi ghi ta phai tang o li tn hieu

tan so cao. Do o mach
khuech ai tn hieu au t
c thiet ke sao cho giam
50
o li tn hieu tan so cao.
40
e tn hieu phat lai c
trung thc vi tn hieu luc ghi
30
vao. Nen mach s dung cac
20
ng hoi tiep giam o li
10
tan so cao.
0
50 500

5000

10.000 50.000100.000

Tan so
Hz
Hnh 4.6 ap tuyen tan so tn
hieu khi ghi:

- 106 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

3.Nguyen ly xoa bang:

e xoa cac tn hieu
tren bang a co
trc o ve nguyen
tac ngi ta cho bang
nhiem t trng eu.
Co nhieu cach xoa
bang nhng hien nay
thong dung co hai
cach:

au t ghi
-phat

au t
xoa

Dung
nam
cham vnh cu gan
tren he c sao cho khi
Hnh 5.6 He c v tr
phat
may che o phat
th nam cham khong e len bang (xem hnh 5.6).
Khi chuyen sang che o ghi thanh nam cham vnh
cu e len bang lam bang nhiem t trng eu xoa i
cac tn hieu co trc.(xem hnh 6.6)
Kieu dung nam cham vnh cu e xoa bang co
han che khong thay thay oi c cng o t trng theo
tng loai bang ,do o khi ghi vi bang chat lng cao nh
bang Metal nam cham vnh cu se xoa khong sach.
e khac phuc
ngi ta dung mach dao
ong tao ra dong AC co
tan so khoang 50KHz
+
en 150KHz a vao
au t xoa co cau
truc tng t au t
ghi phat nhng khe t
rong hn va noi tr
au t nho hn (khang
vai chuc ohm). Do tnh
chat t tre cua loi
sat khi co dong AC tan
Hnh 6.6 .He c v tr ghi
so rat cao tao t
thong bien thien rat nhanh loi sat gan nh b bao hoa t
ngha la t thong tren loi sat bien thien rat t.
Nh vay khi cho bang lt qua au t th tn hieu se
b xoa tng t nh nam cham vnh cu.
Khi can thay oi cng o t thong ngi ta ch
can thay oi tan so cua dong AC se lam cho au t bao
hoa sau hn lam tang thong lng tren loi sat nen co the
xoa tot cac bang co chat lng cao gi t tot.
- 107 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

II. MACH XOA BANG

1.

Xoa bang nam cham vnh cu (Xem hnh 5.6)

2.
Xoa
(Xem hnh 7.6)

bang

dong

DC

SW2

- Khi v tr phat th khong

VCC

R15

cap ien cho au t xoa.

- Khi v tr ghi cong tac ghi

Hnh 7.6

phat chuyen sang che o REC

au t xoa c cap nguon tao
t trng eu xoa bang.

- Kieu mach nay co khuyet iem khi s dung vi thi

gian dai do anh hng cua noi tr cuon day lam au t

nong len do en anh hng en chat lng day bang.
3.

Xoa bang bang dong

a.

SW7

Dang mach 1

AC

VCC

R4
180
R1

P
R5
120

R6
12

R2
56k
Q1
NORMAN

15k

CROM

R1

C2

SW6

METAL

C4
.012

15k

.012

L2

C5
100uF

10uH

Hnh 8.6
2

C1
.047

Dang
mach
dung 1 Transistor thng
c s dung trong cac may radio cassette van s dung
kieu xoa bang bang nam cham nhng dung dong AC co tan
so cao e phan cc cho au t khi ghi
- C1 va L2 la khung dao ong, c cung cap nang lng
bi transistor Q1.
- C4 hoi tiep tn hieu e cung cap nang lng cho mach
dao ong.
- R2 phan cc chan B/Q1.
- R5, R6 cap nguon cho transistor dao ong khi s dung
bang Metal transistor c cap dong ln nhat e tao ra bien
o tn hieu ln xoa bang Metal.

- 108 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

b. Dang mach 2 (Xem mach ien hnh 9.6)

- Phan tch:
SW7

- L3, C2 la khung dao ong

Hnh 9.6

vi tan so la f = 2 L C .
3
2
- L2 cung cap nang lng cho
khung dao ong L3 thong qua
nang lng cam ng t khi
Q1 dan.

1
C3
L1

330pF
1
2

4k7

L2

C2
.012

L3

10k
2

- R1, R2 cau phan the phan

cc chan B/Q1.

Q1

R2
3k9

R3
47

- C1 lien lac tn hieu hoi

tiep ngan DC.

BEAT CANCEL

.01

- L1 hoi tiep dng kch thch

Q1 dao ong.

R1

C1

R3

C5
C6
Cong tac Beat Cancel dung
.047
.022
e thay oi tan so cua
mach dao ong khi ghi tn hieu t Radio trung tan so phach
cua mach dao ong gay nhieu len radio.

c. Dang mach 3:
SW7

VCC
C1

220k
Q1

L1

C3

C4

330pF

.01

R3

4k7
R3
L2

R2

220k

D
BEAT CANCEL

C5
.047

- 109 -

C1

47

C2
.012

.01

Q2

L3

.01

R1

C6
.022

RADIO - CASSETTE

c s dung trong cac may cassette xoa bang dong AC va

phan cc cung s dung dong AC.
- L3 C2 la khung dao ong.
- L1 cung cap nang lng cho khung dao ong khi Q1 dan.
- L2 cung cap nang lng cho khung dao ong khi Q2 dan.
- R1, R2 phan cc cho chan B/Q1, B/Q2.
- R3 on nh nhiet cho Q1va Q2.
- Nguyen ly hoat ong cua mach:

Khi cap nguon cho may khung dao ong gom L3, C2 t dao
ong tao ra dong AC. Gia s tai A co ban ky dng dong
ien trong khung dao ong i theo chieu t A en B. Luc nay
tai C cung co ban ky dng cua tn hieu hoi tiep ve chan
B/Q2 kch Q2 dan dong ien t nguon cung cap qua cuon day
L2 va moi noi CE/Q2 ta thay dong ien qua cuon day L2
cung chieu vi chieu dong ien qua cuon day L3 do o
cuon day L3 c cung cap nang lng.
Khi mach dao ong oi chieu phat tai A co tn hieu am tai C
co ban ky am va tai D co ban ky dng hoi tiep qua C1
kch Q1 dan dong ien t nguon cung cap o qua cuo day
L1 co chieu cung chieu vi dong ien qua cuon day L3, L3
lai c cung cap nang lng thong qua cam ng t duy tr
mach dao ong.
Cac h hong thng gap:
a. Khi ghi phat lai nghe tn hieu cu chong len tn
hieu mi:
- Nguyen nhan: khong xoa c bang.
- Phng phap kiem tra sa cha:

o ohm kiem tra cuon day au t thng co ien tr

khoan t 10 en vai chuc ohm, neu co ien tr ln hn
hoac khong co ien tr cuon day au t t.
Cho may hoat ong che o REC o ien the AC tren
cuon day au t phai co ien the khoan vai tram mv
en 1V. Neu khong co ien the kiem tra mach dao ong.
o ien the DC tai chan C cac transistor phai co gia tr
gan bang nguon
Neu khong co ien kiem tra cong tac ghi phat va
ien tr co lap nguon.
b. Khi ghi phat lai nghe tn hieu mi ln tn hieu cu
nghe nho:
- Nguyen nhan may xoa khong sach.
- 110 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

- Phng phap kiem tra sa cha:

Lam sach au t xoa.

Kiem tra cac ien tr cap nguon co the tang tr so.
Thay transistor co he so khuech ai ln hn.
III. NGUYEN LY MACH ALC TRONG MACH GHI
1. NGUYEN TAC:
Nh ta a biet nhiem vu cua mach ALC la t ong ieu
chnh mc ghi. Tc la on nh bien o tn hieu ghi len bang
theo c che nh sau:
- Mach khuech ai ghi: khuech ai nang cao bien o tn
hieu len u ln va tang o li tan so cao e a vao au
t ghi.
- Mach do tn hieu ghi: thng s dung cac ien tr trch
mot phan tn hieu ghi e bien o tn hieu ra.
2. CAC DANG MACH NGUYEN LY
a.

Mach ien nguyen ly dung transistor dang

1:
R1

RADIO

R2
SW3
C
JACK MICRO

C11

RADIO
TAPE

3
2
1

1000p

VCC
12K

C13
R15
+ C12
R4

R1

VCC

MICRO

R3

SW4
R6

SW2

R10

R12

C7

C3

SW5

SW1

R8

P
C6

C1

R5

Q1
1R1001

C4

PLAY/REC HEAD

POWER AMPLI

VOLUME
+

R16

R7
C5

C9

C2

R14

Q2

R13

R11

C8

R9

TNG T KENH1

R16

R17

P
SW6

R18

R23

C12

VCC
D3

R21

Q3

R19

ALC

C10

D3

R22
Q4
+

Hnh 13.6 Mach ALC dung transistor

- 111 -

ALC

R20

R17

C10

R18

RADIO - CASSETTE

Phan tch mach (Xem hnh 13.6)

- Ve cau truc c ban cua mach tng t nh dang mach 1
tuy nhien mach ALC co nguyen ly thay oi. Luc nay ngi ta
dung 2 transistor Q3 va Q4 lay nguon dng va am t mach
chnh lu t tn hieu ghi e phan cc chan B.
- Khi tn hieu ghi ln bien o ien ap sau chnh lu ln
kch q3va Q4 dan manh nen noi tr moi noi CE giam do o
lam giam tong tr tai chan B/ Q2 noi mass lam giam o li
Q2 tn hieu ra giam nho tr lai.
- Khi tn hieu vao ln th ngc lai.
- Kieu dang mach nay c thiet ke nhieu trong cac dang
mach dung IC.
III. MACH IEN NGUYEN LY PHAN GHI PHAT:
1. Khai quat
- Trong thc te ngi ta thiet ke 1 IC co hai chc nang
khuech ai tn hieu lay t au t e phat va khuech ai
luon cho ca tn hieu can ghi len bang .
- e chuyen oi gia hai che o phat va ghi ngi ta s
dung cong tac ghi phat chu tac ong t he c kh. Bnh
thng cong tac v tr phat, khi an nut REC tren he c th
co thanh truyen tren he c tac ong vao cong tac chuyen
mach sanh trang thai khuech ai ghi.
- e chon cac tn hieu ghi len bang ngi ta dung cong
tac chon chc nang Radio Tape.

v tr radio ghi tn hieu t radio.

v tr tape ghi tn hieu t micro.

v tr dubbing ghi tn hieu t hoc bang th hai.

v tr aux ghi tn hieu t ben ngoai a vao.

v tr CD ghi tn hieu t CD.

- e on nh bien o tn hieu ghi len bang ngi ta s

dung mach t ong ieu chnh mc ghi (ALC) thng ng
c thiet ke trong IC.
2.Cac kieu mach nguyen ly ghi - phat
a. Dang mach 1 (Xem hnh 14.6)
- Khi phat: Tn hieu lay t au t a vao cong tac ghi
phat SW1 lam chc nang lien lac tn hieu t au t en IC
khuech ai e phat ra loa va lien lac tn hieu t khuech ai
ghi e ghi len bang.
- SW2 lien lac tn hieu lay t au t a vao IC khuech
ai e phat ra loa va lien lac tn hieu t cong tac chon tn
- 112 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

hieu e ghi (SW5) e a vao chnh IC khuech ai phat e

lam luon chc nang khuech ai ghi.
- Tn hieu lay ra qua cong tac SW3 a vao khoi Feed Back
lam chc nang hoi tiep theo nguyen tac giam o li tan
so cao.ng tn hieu th hai en cong tac chon chc nang
Radio-Tape e cung cap tn hieu cho tang am sac ra loa.
- SW4 la cong tac noi mass mach ALC khi phat e tn hieu
phat ra trung thc khi ghi len bang.
- Khi ghi: Tn hieu c chon e ghi t cong tac SW5
thong qua SW2 a en chnh IC khuech ai phat.
- ngo ra IC khuech ai phat qua cong tac SW3 chia lam
hai ng en khoi Feed Back Rec hoi tiep khi ghi thng o
li khi ghi ln hn khi phat.
b. Kieu mach 2 (Xem mach ien hnh 15.6)
Nguyen tac cua mach tng t nh dang mach 1. Tuy nhien IC
khuech ai ghi phat luc nay co 2 tang khuech vi 2 ngo
ra.
- Ngo ra khuech ai phat cung cap tn hieu cho hoi tiep va
tang am sac khi che o phat.
-

Khi che o ghi cung cap tn hieu cho mach hoi tiep.

- Tn hieu ghi len bang luc nay lay t tang khuech ai

th 2 qua mach loc en cong tac ghi phat SW1 cung cap cho
au t ghi.
- Chan ALC co 1 cong tac ghi phat noi mass mach ALC khi
che o phat.
c. Kieu mach 3 (Xem mach ien hnh 16.6)
- Tng t nh cac kieu mach tren nhng ng tn hieu hoi
tiep khi ghi va phat noi tiep nhau.
e. Kieu mach 4 (Xem mach ien hnh 17.6)
- Tng t nh cac kieu mach tren nhng mach ALC dung 4
diode chnh lu tn hieu AC t ngo ra a en au t ghi.
f.Kieu mach 5 (Xem mach ien hnh 18.6)
- Tng t nh cac kieu mach tren mach ALC dung 4 diode
chnh lu tn hieu AC t ngo ra a en au t ghi.
- IC khuech ai ghi phat khuech ai cho ca tn hieu radio
phat ra loa nen s dung SW6 e thay oi tong tr hoi tiep
tuy theo tn hieu radio hay cassette.
g. Kieu mach 6 (Xem mach ien hnh 19.6)
- Tng t nh cac kieu mach tren mach ALC dung 4 diode
chnh lu tn hieu AC t ngo ra a en au t ghi. IC khuech
- 113 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

ai ghi phat co cac chan ieu khien lam cam. Trong o

chan Mute SW nhan lenh ieu khien t hai cong tac SW7 va
SW8 lam cam tn hieu khi ghi tn hieu t micro tranh b dao
ong gay tieng hu.

- 114 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

HNH 14.6

NGUYEN LY MACH GHI PHAT DANG 1

RADIO

R1

R2

SW3

SW6

TAPE
RADIO

SW5
C

FEED
BACK
CAS

RADIO
TAPE

MICRO

EQUALIZER

FILTER

SW1

SW2

FEED
BACK
REC

N1-

CLIP

Vcc

OUT1

IN1+

PLAY/REC
HEAD

POWER
AMPLI

VOLUME

PLAY/REC
AMPLI

SW4

ALC
R3

IN2+

BIAS OSCI

- 115 -

IN2-

LF

GND

D1

OUT2

REC

VCC

HNH 15.6 NGUYEN LY MACH GHI PHAT DANG 2

RADIO

R1

R2

SW6

SW3

TAPE
RADIO

SW5
C
RADIO
TAPE

FEED
BACK
PLAY

EQUALIZER

MICRO

VOLUME
SW1

FEED
BACK
REC

SW2

N1-

CLIP

Vcc

OUT PLAY1

OUT REC1

IN1+

PLAY/REC
HEAD

SW4

PLAY/REC
AMPLI

ALC
R3

IN2+
IN2-

LF

GND

OUT PLAY2

OUT REC2
LED REC

VCC

FILTER

BIAS OSCI

POWER
AMPLI

RADIO - CASSETTE

HNH 16.6 NGUYEN LY MACH GHI PHAT DANG 4

RADIO

R1
R2
HNH
17.6 NGUYEN LY MACH GHI PHAT
DANG 5

SW5
C

RADIO

RADIO
TAPE

C
MICRO
RADIO
TAPE

SW2

SW1

R
SW6

FEED
BACK
PLAY FEED
BACK
TAPE
FEED
BACKFEED
REC BACK
RADIO

SW6

SW5

SW
3

P
FEED
BACK
PLAY

SW3
TAPE
RADIO
C

R
EQUALIZER
EQUALIZER
VOLUME

FEED
BACK
REC

C2

R4

MICRO
N1-

CLIP

Vcc

OUT PLAY1

OUT REC1
D1

PLAY/REC
HEAD

VOLUME

SW1

SW2

D2

IN1+

SW4

PLAY/REC
AMPLI

C2
R4

ALC

R3
IN1IN2+

Vcc

OUT PLAY1

OUT REC1

D3
D1

IN1+

PLAY/REC
HEAD

CLIP

IN2-

LF

GND

OUT PLAY2

PLAY/REC
AMPLI

D3

C3

OUT REC2

SW4

D4
ALC

R LED REC

R5
C1

VCC
R3

IN2+

D3
IN2-

LF

FILTER

GND

OUT PLAY2

C3 REC 2
OUT

OUT REC2
LED REC
D4
C1

BIAS OSCI

R5
VCC

OUT REC 2

- 118 BIAS OSCI

FILTER

POWER
AMPLI

POWER
AMPLI

RADIO - CASSETTE

HNH 17.6 NGUYEN LY MACH GHI PHAT DANG 5

RADIO

SW3

SW6

SW5
C
RADIO
TAPE

FEED
BACK
TAPE

FEED
BACK
PLAY

FEED
BACK
RADIO

FEED
BACK
REC

EQUALIZER

MICRO

VOLUME

SW1

SW2

R
C2
R4

C
IN1-

CLIP

Vcc

OUT PLAY1

OUT REC1
D1

IN1+

PLAY/REC
HEAD

D3
SW4

PLAY/REC
AMPLI

ALC
R3

IN2+

D3
IN2-

LF

GND

OUT PLAY2

C3

OUT REC2
LED REC
D4
C1

R5
VCC

OUT REC 2

- 119 BIAS OSCI

FILTER

POWER
AMPLI

RADIO - CASSETTE

RADIO

R1

R2

SW3

SW5

SW6

R
TAPE
RADIO
C

C
RADIO
TAPE

EQUALIZER
FEED
BACK
PLAY

MICRO

FEED
BACK
REC
VOLUME

SW1

SW2

R
N1-

PLAY/REC
HEAD

CLIP

Vcc

OUT1

IN1+

SW4

ALC
R3
IN2+

IN2-

LF

GND

OUT2

HNH 18.6 NGUYEN LY MACH GHI PHAT DANG 3

LED REC

VCC

FILTER

- 120 BIAS OSCI

POWER
AMPLI

RADIO - CASSETTE

HNH 19.6 NGUYEN LY MACH GHI PHAT DANG 6

RADIO

R1

R2

SW3

SW5
C
RADIO
TAPE

SW6

FEED
BACK
PLAY

TAPE
RADIO
C

EQUALIZER

MICRO
SW1

FEED
BACK
REC

SW2

POWER
AMPLI

VOLUME
C2

R4
C
N1-

CLIP

Vcc

OUT PLAY1

OUT REC1
D1

PLAY/REC
HEAD

D2

IN1+

SW4

MUTE

PLAY/REC
AMPLI

ALC
R3

IN2+

D3

MUTE
IN2-

LF

GND

MUTE SW OUT PLAY2

C3

OUT REC2
LED REC
D4
R5
C1

VCC

OUT REC 2

FILTER
SW7

- 121 -

BIAS OSCI

R
SW8
TAPE
RADIO
C
VCC

RADIO - CASSETTE

- 122 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

R4
VCC

1k
C3
100uF

R3
47k

C6

C4

SW1

P R

SW2

.001

1k

1uF
Q2

MICRO

R9
15k

C1
Q1

SW3

R14
1k

RADIO
TAPE

5k6

R13

10k

R10
150k

C7
1n

SW4

R2

C
R12

R1

SW5

C8
1n

R7
5k6

1uF
R11
5k6

R6
56k

PLAY/REC HEAD
R5
330

R8
1k8

D1

1R1001

Q3

C5
47uF

R15
3k3

C9
1n

VOLUME

C10
1uF

C21

R20
2k2

CAP POL

C12
47uF

R19
1k

SW8

C13

470uF
5

C11
47uF

ERASE HEAD

VCC

5k6

- 123 -

C
SW7

RADIO
TAPE

R17
220

R22

C14

5962-9211701/LCC
R16
150

R18
220

R21
1k

HNH 20.6 Mach khuech ai ghi phat dung transistor

SW6

C2
1n

1k

1n

RADIO - CASSETTE

IV. CAC MACH IEN GHI PHAT IEN HNH :

1. Dang 1 : Xem mach ien nh hnh 20.6
a. Mach ien
RADIO

VCC
SW5

R12

C
RADIO
TAPE

R10

RADIO

560

6k8

R13
1k5

R9

SW6

C11

12k

C
3
2
1

1uF

C12

RADIO
TAPE

AM SAC

.0015

C3
0.22

SW3

RADIO

JACK MICRO

SW7

R8

MICRO

SW2

.0015

12k

3k3

22uF

1k5

C3
150p
C4
220p

11 IN- 2

GND

13

Vcc

TA7658

R3

VCC

14

MUTE
16

LF 2
+

1M

2k2

TNG T KENH1

12

10 IN+2

8 ALC
R2

47p

OUT PLAY2

R1

SW4

1uF

C7
.01

MUTE SW

C5
47uF

C15
47uF

IN+ 1
IN- 1
6

OUT PLAY1

PLAY/REC HEAD

C6
+

C1
100p

C8

R4
270k

C2
1uF

RADIO
TAPE

R5

OUT REC2

R6

82

C9

C10

R7
SW1

SW8
C

27k

R2

GND
9

OUT REC1

+ C14
.47uF

R2

15

MUTE
3

Hnh 20.6

b. Phan tch
- Khi v tr phat :

Cong tac ghi phat SW1 va SW2 lien lac tn hieu t au t

en mach khuech ai phat a vao chan 10 IC TA7658 lay ra
chan 12 cua IC en cong tac ghi phat SW3 cung cap tn
hieu cho mach hoi tiep qua R6 ,C9 va tu C10 .ong thi cung
cap tn hieu en tang am sac qua R5 va cong tac ghi phat
SW8.
- Khi v tr ghi: tn hieu micro va tn hieu t radio c

chon thong qua cong tac radio tape SW6 qua cong tac ghi phat
SW2 va cung i vao chan 10 IC khuech ai phat va ghi. Luc
nay tn hieu lay ra chan 12 cua IC cung cap cho mach
khuech ai ghi. Tn hieu lay ra chan 13 cua IC i qua C11
- 124 -

RADIO - CASSETTE

mach loc chuong en cong tac ghi phat SW1 cung cap tn
hieu cho au t ghi.
R4 la ng hoi tiep DC.
Chan 3 va chan 14 IC lam cam tn hieu en tang khuech ai
cong suat khi ghi tn hieu t microtheo nguyen ly nh sau:
Khi ghi tn hieu t micro cong tac ghi phat SW5 va cong tac
radio tape SW7 cap nguon B+ cho micro chnh nguon B+ nay
c a en chan 15 cua IC kch tang lam cam tn hieu
trong IC hoat ong luc nay se noi mass ng tn hieu micro
en mach am sac nen khong the ra loa tranh gay tieng hu
loa.
2. Mach 2 dung IC M51194
Ve nguyen tac tng t mach tren nhng co mot iem khac
nhau nh sau:
- Tn hieu t Radio c IC khuech ai ngay ca trong che o

phat.

- Mach ALC s dung cac diode chnh lu ben ngoai IC.

- Cong tac radio tape SW6 thay oi tong tr hoi tiep sao

cho phu hp vi tng loai tn hieu c a vao khuech ai

co bien o khac nhau nhng bien o tn hieu ra phai bang
nhau.
- Cong tac Norman Metal thay oi tong tr hoi tiep tuy

theo loai bang.

- R3 ng hoi tiep DC, li dung tu C7 la tu tang o li

lam mach loc AC tren ng hoi tiep DC.

- Cong tac REC EDIT dung e bien tap trong qua trnh ghi,

khi ta an cong tac tn hieu se khong ghi len bang, khi ta

khong an cong tac tn hieu se tiep tuc ghi len bang.

- 125 -

RADIO - CASSETTE
SW6
NORMAN
CROM
METAL

R10
C11

1K

1000p

SW9

R11

SW2

R9

R13

D5

C13

12K

C10

82K

R12

56K

1K

R8

100p

REC EDIT

C12

4K7

100p

R6

R7

10K

RADIO

220K

D6

SW6

TAPE

100p
C9

1uF

LINE

R14

C14

AM SAC

VCC

R5

.47uF

RADIO

4K7

R4

R3

100

+ C7

R1

C6

C8

2K2

1uF

1uF

10K

SW2

100uF

1K

C4
C3

R2

100p
1 IN- 2

MICRO

C2

.47uF

1K

SW1

SW2

1uF

C5

3
R15

OUT

IN+2

Vcc

100p

100uF

TAPE

SW6

M51944

4 GND

LF 10
+ C16
100uF

LINE

D6

C1
100p

1K

+ C15

RADIO

ALC

IN+ 1
IN- 1

OUT1
7

PLAY/REC HEAD

TNG T KENH1

Hnh 21.6
AUX

- 126 -

5
R16
560K

+ C17
100uF

VCC

RADIO - CASSETTE

- 127 -