Midterm Assignment # 3:

Proving of Differentiation Rules

Let
D1.

h= x
d (c )
=0
dx

The Constant Rule

d (c)
f ( x+ h )f ( x)
cc
=lim
=lim
=lim 0=0
dx h 0
h
h
h 0
h0

D2.

d ( x)
=1
dx

The Identity Rule

d ( x)
f ( x +h ) f ( x)
x +hx
h
=lim
=lim
=lim
lim 1=1
dx h 0
h
h
h h 0
h0
h 0

D3.

d (cu)
d (u)
=c
dx
dx

The Constant Multiple

d (cu)
cu ( x +h )cu( x )
c [u ( x +h ) u( x)]
u ( x +h )u ( x)
d (u)
=lim
=lim
=c lim
=c
dx
h
h
h
dx
h0
h 0
h 0

D4.

d (u+v ) d (u) d (v )
=
+
dx
dx
dx

The Sum Rule

u ( x+ h )u( x)
h

+v ( x+ h )v (x)
]
[
h
[u ( x +h ) + v ( x +h ) ] [u ( x ) + v ( x)]
=lim
h
h 0
lim
h 0

d
[u ( x ) + v (x)]
dx

lim

h0

D5.

u ( x+ h )u(x ) v ( x+ h )v ( x) d (u) d (v)

+
=
+
h
h
dx
dx

d (uv)
d (v ) d (u)
=u
+v
dx
dx
dx

The Product Rule

u ( x +h ) v ( x+ h )u ( x ) v (x)
u ( x +h ) v ( x+ h )u ( x +h ) v ( x )+u ( x +h ) v ( x )u ( x ) v ( x)
d
(uv ) lim
=lim
dx
h
h
h 0
h 0
x

u ( x +h ) u
v ( x+ h )v ( x )
u ( x+ h )
+v ( x )
h
lim
h0

lim u ( x +h )lim
h0

h0

d
dv
du
( uv )=u + v
dx
dx
dx

v ( x+ h )v (x)
u ( x+ h )u( x)
+ v ( x )lim
h
h
h0

D6.

u
du
dv
d ( ) v u
v
dx
dx
=
2
dx
v

The Quotient Rule

v ( x ) u ( x +h )u ( x ) v (x +h)
d u
( ) lim
dx v h 0
hv ( x +h ) v ( x)
v ( x ) u ( x +h )v ( x ) u ( x )+ v ( x ) u ( x ) u ( x ) v ( x +h)
d u
( ) lim
dx v h 0
hv ( x +h ) v (x)

v(x)
lim

h0

u ( x+ h )u ( X )
v ( x +h ) v (x )
u (x)
h
h
v ( x+ h ) v (x)

du
dv
u
dx
dx

2
v
v

D8.

d ( u ) d (u)
=
dx
dx
2 u

x +h x x+ h+ x

lim

x+ h x =lim

lim

h
1
1
=lim
=
h( x +h+ x) h 0 x +h+ x 2 x

h0

h0

x +h+ x

h0

Alternate form:

( )

d 2 1
x = x
dx
2

1
2

=lim
h 0

x+ hx
h( x+ h+ x)

D9.

d 1
n d
= n+1 (u)
n
dx u
u dx

( )

let f(x) =

1
n
x
n

n
( x +h)
1
1
x

n
n
n n
f ( x +h )f ( x )
( x+ h) x
( x+ h) x ( x+ h)n x n
lim
=lim
=lim
h
h
h
h0
h 0
h 0

x (x +h)
(x+ h)n x n
x n( x+h)n
lim
=lim
n n
h
h0
h 0 h( x+ h) x

Alternate form:

d n
( x )=nxn1
dx