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59
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R.P.E.D. page
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R.P.E.D.Page267

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R.P.E.D Page130

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R.P.E.D. Page19

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R.P.E.D Page107

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R.P.E.D. Page490

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Gy H U
Gy G U
Gy SH y H

Gy S
Gy
Gy H
H UH ( HU)
Gy S
Gy S
Gy H S
Gy SH
Gy
Gy
Gy G U
Gy G y
Gy SH

33

} ..... S H

} ..... S H
.

U UyH H M S
.

vyH U

vyH U wyS
yMU

US UyH U

yU yHU

G S U Gy
S

yU

yU S

G- yU Gy
yHU U

yU

yU HU
}

G- y U x
U U U U

yU

yU SH

G- SUH U x
xGG U U

yU

U H U M U x
HU U S

UHSy

3
4
5

yU MS

vyH U

vyH U wyS
yMU

US UyH U

10 yU HS
U

U UU U U Gy H,
S y SH Gy S
HU H U y S
S H

11 yU yS
U

yS HS U Gy G
S G H U G
S

SyU

12 yU y

U y

Gy G
G

13 yU y

U U

Gy G
G

14 S U

U yU U U x
HU U U

15 US H

S U U

U x

16 UH

H, UU U x
U U U

yU S

UH S U Gy
UU U S RU
U U

yU GH

U U

Gy H
H

17 H

HS-S U x
H U U

M S UHS

UH G Gy H
S U U H
U UU U

18 yU G
MS

x SUH U U x
U

M S U Gy G

yH H

19
HS

HH SU - U x
y-HU H U
U

34

35

} ..... S H
.

vyH U

vyH U wyS
yMU

US UyH U

} ..... S H
U

vyH U

vyH U wyS
yMU

US UyH U

20 US

U H U U x
U

31 U MS
yU

H U vyH Gy H
S U
H

21 yU S

G U U U

U x

32 yU Sy

22 yU UU

yHS U U

U x

U Gy H
UH U H

23 yU S

S U U Gy G
G M HU G
U S

33 yU S

U H M Gy
S U S

34 yU SS

24 yU
UH

S y Gy
U x
H U

S U Gy G
y M G
HU U LU

25 U U y

UH U Gy H, Gy

RU

35 yU S

M HU U Gy G
SSH G
Gy S
H

U
U

26 yU S

U U y U Gy H
G
H

36 G}
x xS

H U | G } H S U HH
HU U

27 yU HU

US U U

Gy H
H

US

37 }
xS

HGU

28 yU S

S U U

Gy S G

H U G }G H
U} H
} U G
|

29 yU

U H M U Gy G
U S
G

38 U

GG

30 yU S

H U U Gy G
U M G
S

UH- GG U U G HU
U} G
U U G
|

36

37

} ..... S H
.

vyH U

vyH U wyS
yMU

US UyH U

} ..... S H
U

39 H 2

UH U }vH, v} G
} UH x } x
U x

40 U UH

UH U G H
} }U
GU

}H
UH

41 U U}

UH U }}
US U
}UG
G

42 U U

G U HU G U H
H U H U
UH U UG
U U x

43 U }H
US

UH-
U}

H H

U U }x
} U H J

U G U H

38

wH

UH-

M U yU H
SH U y
.

S x

1 U S Gy MS
2 U Gy U H
3 U U U U U U U
Gy
4 U GG U HU S U
S U UyH U
5 U GG U H S Gy U U
G U
6 MyH U U U Gy UHyS yU U x
U U J
7 U U M S () Gy H U U
U y U yU - yU H x J
8 U S U G SH H G US U
U S U J Gy U U U S G
U J
9 S UHSy U S Gy U MH U
y yH UgS J UH U U MH
U J

39

} ..... S H

M SH UH U x
H H U H SH
U U y SH HU U U
1 S, S U H Gy H U U U
H U RU U S Gy H U x U J U

2 S US yU U UH- U U S HU
U S Gy H U HU U UH H U J
3 S U H M M HU S yU Hy RU U
UU x U G M S U US xU U J

40

} ..... S H

Uy U U
xG
.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

}U} U } xG }

U
U
S
yU
yH UgS
yU


SU
S
S


UHSy
US
SU
USy-y
US
U
G

Syria
Damascus
Bassorah
Anticoh
Jerussalem
Turkey
Allepo
Ethiopia / Abyssinia
Alexandria
Egypt
Homs
Jordan
Armenia
Palestine
Persia / Iran
Ispahan
Istambol
Stratos Tower
Cairo
Saudi Arabia
A city in Iraq
Riyadh (Saudi Arabia)

41

} ..... S H

} ..... S H

Uy U U GRU S Uy
Uy U

Uy U

(HU)

()

yS
H
U

G S
G U
U
S

GG
y
yU
x
G S

US
SU

y
y wH

y H
H S
HU
yH UgS
S
PU S

My
S
U
H } U
yy

42

Uy U
yU
y}
yH SU
y
yU
yHS

Uy U

(y)

(S)
SyH U
()

U
H
H U
U
S
G US
H US

H
G UyS
HS S
g

()

G
S
S H US
g H
y

HH
G y
G
()

y
G
(H)
yH H
MH U
S
SyU
S}
G
43

} ..... S H

Uy U

U
H

Uy U

SU
Sw
S
S
S
SUH
S
SUS
Sy

(GH)

Gy U
G U
GyS SHSH
GyH
GH HU
()
M-yH U
MS

M-
H

U
M
(G)
G
(S)
SU
SUH
S
S

G
y
U
S
SUH
S
S
yU
yU
yyS
yHS
44

()

(S)

(y)

} ..... S H

Uy U

S
H
U
y y
U

PU
SUH
y
xyU
xGGG
xG
xy
xS
UU
UG
US
UHSy
Ux

Uy U

()

(UU)

UU
UUyH U
UU
US
UH
U
USy-y
US
US
US
(UU)
U
UULH GG
UU yy
UU
US
U SH
U
(H)
HGU
H
H
H

(x)

(U)

45

} ..... S H

Uy U

} ..... S H

Uy U

vH
wH
S
H

()
PU GGG

U

y
y
Sx
y
SHSH


S
U

UH

()

SyU


y
G H
H U

U
US
U

46

()

()

S} U

}U, }US, }, }HU,


}}

UGH U yyH U

G gS (H
Gy)

H U H S

G gS (H
Gy)

PUU HPU gS

U w

U y Gy G

xGS SU

H H } USyH

H H H HH
}

H H } H
U

yUS GH U

SH UGH H S g

Uy

H } H U

H y U H
SHH

G gS (H
Gy)

10 UyH } H HH Sy

G gS

11 MH U v yUHH

G gS
47

} ..... S H
.

S} U

}U, }US, }, }HU,


}}

12 UGH Hxy

UGg

13 yvyH

SH ()

14 Uy

xx ()

15 y G

UH ()

16 U U y

H S ()

17 wyS Sy

JU UU ()

18 U U y

UH ()

19 SH GG

w GGH S HU ()

20 UHy U

S H ()

21 The Oxford World Atlas Book

25th EdIion

22 The New Royal Persian Eng.

Dr. S. C. Paul (3rd EdIion)

Dictionary

} ..... S H

48

ZyyyvyyY
G :- UU Hy zy HHg (}H
H H)

S}H}}

HUH } H ! SSHy SSH HU SHH !


S S U S Uy U Swy GMy } U S
G SH} y yH H-SS S U SyU
SHH yH H SH U S SU U USSH Sy
J -} H H }H SS S Uy G
y (xy) G G Uy H U GMy U J
UZ x S S U SS yH U J y
S y J }H }U M H Hxy H , S S
Uy U S S y J UZ Szy UH USSH
USy G U S S UZ y U USy y U J S Uy
U Uy y x J H }U } U U H
J }U } y U M S x U H SH}
wy J S }U }, UHSy, , U, S, U x
H J L }U } UyH H M
S J M U yU H SH} U
49

} ..... S H

} ..... S H

y } J M S SH} y UH U x
H H U H } U y SH} HU U U J
zy Uy U } U GRU S Uy S Uy
U } xG } y U J
U Hx Uy U SH} yH U G S UH J S Hx U H
PU U yH x} SH} U U UzU PU
U J U yH H, G , y S yUy
SyH Z x SH} UH U H U S U H J
HU S U - H U } U y xG
y U SH} UH U H yH G S H y , y U
y , x x ^ H , x H S U
< Hy x U H S SH} U y U y U
y J
HS U G S H SHH yH H SH
yH H U U U S U SH} UH J }H S
S Uy Sy Uy S HH S Sy U U SH}
yH U G S U vU G SHH yH H
SH U S wHU S UH J xG U }H }U G y Uy
y y U G U S H J U U }H}
U Uy J Uy y U }H U Swyx
U S G y U }H U } G xy J
H H GGG H }H S U y S
S G U x }}H SMUy U - ySU yHU
U H UU vy UH Hy S H yU S S G Uy H
U SHSH J yv S G y U U GMy
J HU } vS -SHy Gy yH y S U x
J HG, y U S zy S S U GMy J S H }H
S S GMy U U U H SSH g- U J

SH} Sy SHU H Gy U yHx y


U H S U U U U G} }}}} U H J zy
yvS U U H U H-Sy U y U H }H H
U x S Uy S y U S }
UxG U S vS S S y U S Uy
U U y J
}H S SSH Uy U Gy S
UH, x Gx } H Gy }} } G
}g H Gy zy G SyU G H y
U SS UG S y U y } J
U GG H }H SS S U Sy
SHy U S y U Gx y U, ySU yHU y
Uy U SHSH U U yUU w J G S H SHH
yH H SH Gx U SU yUH U S G
y U UH U U GH G HH S SUG U J }
-y SH SH SyH yH SH H H J

50

51

HHg

y UG y<y zy x, H :- Sy ( J J)
4, H , 1422
27, 2001, S

} ..... S H

} ..... S H

S}H}}
} H H HH U}

xG UH}
S

SU

xy

Uy

(G : - }} U } Gy G H)
H , HUyH UH G, S HU, Gy S
H HSSHy SSH U G} S H U Gy MH S
S H HSSHy SSH U yU H H U
}Ug } SH U U y U H yU H
H UH}H PU U UG yU S } J SH
U G H yH U PU U S U U
U U J HU } SH Uy xH J H yH
PU U U U H yUy, Sy Hy Uy U SyH
U J x UyH U U U M , U yzSH U ,
Uy S Uy y J

HSSHy SSH U SH yHy y U zy zy U Uy x


S w S g H U J U, UU, zH GH
} x J S y S xy GHHy U HU yU
U H H H J , G, UyH, , Uy, , , x, U -wHU U G x J Hx HU U G
z Uy U J S , x J ,
, , Sy U U UU GHHy U HH U J
L y } U J S Sx H H yU H
U y U H G Gy } SHH yH
H SH U S U J U H :

U -U} }H M U}-}
(H }, y : 15)
y : U y} S H U yU S U
Uy J (UGH })
S y S G v SHH yH H SH
U Gy Sy SUy Uy S U J yzS U
S H SHH yH H SH U U x v U
S UU U yU PU G J

Gy S HSSHy SSH U S U SH
SH, UGHH }, } H H}, yH HH H, y
, G v, Gy } SyU SHH yH H SH U
G yU U yH S U SH S J Hx Gy S

(yzS GH U, SU : 198)
G v SHH yH H SH U U
HS H U y U H U U
y H U y Sy S U U U SU
U U Sy U y U} U}- y H H
HH }}}HH U y , y U U U
x J y y U G yvHU Z, HU

52

53

} ..... S H

S y}H S U Hy UG y U - }
J y U U x PU H S G
S Hx SH} UH U U } S SUG Hx J SH }
SHH yH H SH U y PU U y vHy
U U xG S U x H PU U
UH y yH G H J HU U U y U
} J G v SHH yH H SH U
G G U S H U }U U }
U SH} U G H x J
S vy }U U U USy Hxy U H
U HU H US U UH U U U y y
J U G S M U H, xH
S H y y U Sy y U
UH U xx H Sy J
H U G U H y }U U US
U G U v H x ? HU Hx G
US U USy Hxy } SHH yH H SH U
S zy U UH G U Sy y J -UH }}
U } Gy G :
y x H, US U
U } G , U S
} H H} SHH H SH U G SU
G U U y, G U G PU y S UH
y S US Hx y U }U U y S y
yH xH Hy J v U U G S UH y y
J U U H :
54

} ..... S H

} U H H
( }, y : 3 4)
y : U y w S Uy, y x
U J (UGH })
yzS MH U HSSHy SSH, H
H U Gy U U U S H }U} U
U U J H U SH } U U
U} H y J
(-H : yzS GH U, SU : 946)
-UH }} U } Gy G :

S
}

v}

H}

y UH} }H y U U G
S S U
U G UH} PU U }UH U U H U
G Hx HU y U } U x J U }x
U U H U U U }UH } U S y
H U J U U x H U :

U } }}-}SH -U} }
H (H U, y : 23)
55

} ..... S H

y : y S S U y H H U S
} U H H J (UGH })
U U USy Hxy U UH UH} U
v }U } U U U } x U
wHU U H U U H }
H} SHH yH H SH U } S U
U y y U G w U U - | H
U | UH y L- } } U U U
U } U, HU H H U} SHH
yH H SH U UU U G S }yyH U J
H SHH yH H SH UU U, SU
U, H }U, Gy RU gU H H U
S U vy PU }GG} S UH U } U
U} x J
:

U U U } GH y U x

-G }U UHG UUM H-SU UHU w-U }UM- }UMH H LH


}U ( UH, y : 30)

} ..... S H

(13) H yU PU }GG} U} G UzU PU U


U UHU S }G xZ -v}
U U } } U w U}, HU } } U
U UzU, U G yvHU U S S
U U J } } U S G} U }Ug U} S }U U}
U vy yU U U vy yU } } UU
J , UU, v, } x } U
UU S H }H S H Sy } y
J PU }GG} U UzU U } } U UzU U
}- } }} x U HU S
U U U U Uy J PU }GG} U UzU
U U G wH H Hx U G v SHH yH
H SH U HU v | U U J HU }
} } H H} SHH yH H SH U y y
H } U J } U y U U }
GU y J H G G v SHH yH H
SH U U U x PU }GG} S U U }
} } } UG SH} U Sy S U
}SU} y J }U U M U U H }
H G S - Hx SH} H U SH} U yUy
J SH} M vU J

y : ! U UU y} S }RU Uy
U } U H U UH }RU Uy
H U y U} H U U y
S S J (UGH })
G v SHH yH H SH H y U U

PU U U H, H, } U,
y , }, U ( S vy yU SH}
H ) x } U }H y y U G} } , S
G U, xG S g U U x J HU } H}
SHH yH H SH S y}H S U H
U S U H} U U} J }H U
S y}H U UzU U}G } U U H

56

57

} ..... S H

y G x, yU U }H} G } UzU
U U G S G G J HU } H}
SHH yH H SH U H} < U}
wHU U } U U U S U }
S J }H G} } U Hx y H
yU H v} GH U :

} ..... S H

U y UH
H- U }GU y U G y U} U
U U UyH U HU S }g y GH Z J
y GH : -H yU H U} :

G- HHG UH } GH}
(H-, y : 39)
y : x (G) y S UU H S
U G} J (UGH })
S y U GH U UzU }PU S
SHH SHH yH H SH U G }
G S G G y G
U S S H U U U S U , U U
, U U { J G } S US U U x
vS S U} UzU U }GH} U G
U U Uy J G U} U U S U,
} U v} x J G } U
U} y GH H y S
UzU U S x U U G x J
(yzS GH U ,SU : 605)

TTT
58

UH U HHHG UHU} H

(H U,y : 190)
y : H U H S } S H S
J (UGH })
yzS : UzU } S H x U U } S
U } GG U H H J v} - SH} U }
U x UzU S UyH U J (yzS GH U,
SU : 55)
U :

UHH-HG H } H H H}H

(-, y : 29)
y : H S H H U} J
(UGH })
H :

HU} H UH U HH ( , y : 75)
59

} ..... S H

y : } v U H H U J

(UGH })
yzS : UG S U U U y} S U G J
(yzS GH U, SU : 161)
H yU H }} U v} U} :

UH} H U- Uy Ug UH
HH (H UH, y : 39)
y : S H yU U U U U
H U J (UGH })
H yU H G S U} :

H UzU H }UU xHG


H}
1 - ( -}, y : 9)
2 - ( -, y : 73)

y : x U H () U} UU
}UU w U J (UGH })
yU H :

UvHH }U }} G} M}
v H-} UH } (-, y : 5)
y : y U U } U U U
60

} ..... S H

x U U J (UGH })

U H :

UH} GGG-}H -U} wG}


LU} H} (-, y : 14)
y : y S H, H G x y} LS
Ux, } x J (UGH })
}GU y U H U UH U U} GH
U x J U H v} 2 () GH J S S H
UyH U G J G v } H} SHH yH H
SH } } U zG U} U } x y
S H U} U S UH U SHSH }SUH
}M x J

xG U U
xG U }HU U SH U HU S
G v SHH yH H SH -z U yU U
S xG Uy J S HU G v SHH yH H
SH U U HU U , S S Uy
J U} U }Ug } U }H SHH yH H
SH U U U S y S U }G U U UU
U U }} x SH} U S }SU} xZ
U UHH S SH} U x PU }U U U U U
x x yU x J K H U UH }} U } }
U y x zU H} SH} U PU H Hx J
61

} ..... S H

xG U zH
xG U (27) J S SU (9) xG
UyH U J n (18) xG UyH (x) U J

t xG UyH U S GH :(1) x 2,
(2) x 3
(3) x } (H }SHU) 5
(4) x G (x U)5
(5) x UG 5,
(6) x 7,
(7) x U PU 8,
(8) x (G) 8,
(9) x U 8,

t n (18) xG UyH U S GH :(1) xG 2


(2) xG 2
(3) xG 2
(4) xG H 2
(5) xG UUH U 2
(6) xG U 2
(7) xG UU 7
(8) xG xU 3
(9) xG 3
62

} ..... S H

(10) xG 4
(11) xG x 4
(12) xG }H H 5
(13) xG G<U 6
(14) xG G U 6
(15) xG H 6
(16) xG 6
(17) xG H U 7
(18) xG HS (U) 9

t U H (47) G (56) }
Uy :-

S U U } GH :
(1) U} 2, (2)
PU - H 2, (3) H
-}U} wH 2, (4) } 2,
(5) H} } 2, (6) U 3,
(7) 3, (8) H} }wG} -}U} }G U
3 (9) H -}U} 3,
(10) } 4, (11) -
UH 5 (12) } }SH} - UH 6
(13) } }SH} - H 6,
(14) } }SH} -}U} 6, (15)
vU } - 6 (16) G
-}U} H U 6, (17) G -}U}
}G-- }} 6 (18) G -}U} }G- 6 (19) G - }} UU 6
(20) G - } U 6 (21) G
63

} ..... S H

- w 6 (22) G -}U} H U
( ) 6 (23) } U - U 6
(24) H }G - UU 6 (25) H
-}U} 6 (26) RU gU 7
(27) } 7 (28) 7
(29) xH H H - }U 7 (30) xH
H H } 7 (31) xH H - U 8
(32) UU 8 (33) 8 (34) }
H- -}U} GSHH 8 (35) }U} H- 8 (36) } , x 8
(37) Gy H }G - UH 9, (38)
H H - }H H 9, (39) H
H - UH U 10, (40)
H H - GH UH U J }U U 10
(41) } G - M} 11, (-H: }
, G HPU }g H, y, })

SH} yH U G S UH
SH} SH} U vU U } U U H
y y U SyH Uy J UzU U SH}
U H}x vHy U S U SH} U vU S S U G
U U -G S x Uy U SH} yH U G S
UH }GH Uy } } Uy U G v
SHH yH H SH U U yH
} U SH} U y U J UG x x yH S
U G v } H} SHH yH H SH U
U xG U USy - HH Uy J
64

} ..... S H

H, y , } U x M- U U
Uy U GU Uy J HU UU U SH} vU
G v U wHU U}, yH H}, H H, }g
x -} } U Hx U H J
G v SHH yH H SH U U G
H S Sy y U U G U HS H yU
y U H U J U y Hx } } (SHH
yH H SH) U }GGG HU S }HPU Uy J HS (40) H U
U U y U x J (13) H yU PU
}GG} U zG U Hx U UU U G} S y U U yU
H J }PU Gx U (53) H U
wHU } U }G U U HS S H U }
H U S y UzU PU U G} } U UU Uy
xG J U H G} } U U} H y
U yU U U| GH} U U U yU U
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108

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111

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112

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114

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123

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126

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