Chapter 1 : POLYGONS I & II

1.1

The sum of the angles of triangle is 180 o .

a

a 0 b 0 c 0 180 0

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
x

60

x 0 180 0 60 0 40 0
50

55

x 0 180 0 50 0 55 0
= 75 0

43

2.

2.

x
55

x
50

y 0 55

3.

45

50

x 0 180 0 45 0 55 0
= 80 0

4.

3.

60

50

60

40

30

5.

y 0 50 0

x 0 180 0 50 0 60 0
= 70 0

4.
y 0 180 0 120 0

140

= 60 0
z 0 180 0 140 0
= 40 0

40

6.

120

100
Polygon

130

18

120

1.2

= 80 0
In the equilateral triangle, all the interior angles are of the same size, that is 60 0 .

60
60
60

Examples

x 0 60 0

1.
Exercises
1.
x

60

x 0 180 0 60 0
= 120 0
2.
x

2.
x

x 0 60 0
3.

3.
x
x

x 0 60 0
4.
x

4.

Polygon

19

1.3

In isosceles triangle, two angles that are opposite to the two sides with equal length are the same size.

a0 b0
a

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
40

180 0 40 0
2
70 0

x0

2.

2.

x 0 60 0
y 0 180 0 60 0

120 0

180 0 120 0
2
0
30

z0

65

3.

y
z
3.

4.

x
70

Polygon

180 0 70 0
z
2
55 0
x 0 55 0
0

20

x
50

1.4

Exterior angle of a triangle vertex is equal to sum of opposite interior angles

b

x0 a0 b0

Examples
1.

Exercises
1.

x 0 80 0 40 0
120 0

80

x
40

2.

x 110 80
0

30 0

80

50

70

2.

110

x
132

3.
3.

83

y 0 83 0

x 83 38
= 1210
0

38

y
0

70

42

4.
y 0 180 0 150 0

82

150

= 30 0
x 0 30 0 82 0

4.
x
101

112 0

55

5.
5.
z
50
x

Polygon

z 0 50 0
x 0 50 0 60 0
110 0

45
70

60

21

The sum of the angles of a quadrilateral is 360 0

1.5

a 0 b 0 c 0 d 0 360 0

d
b

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
120

62

95

x 0 360 0 120 0 950 630

82 0
x

63

2.

137

54

2.
y 0 180 0 40 0
58

40

73

x 360 58 140 107

= 55 0
0

72

= 140 0
0
z 180 0 730
= 107 0

83

3.

3.

138

100

x 0 180 0 142 0
= 38 0
y 0 360 0 38 0 138 0 100 0

= 84 0
z 0 180 0 84 0
= 96 0

z
x

142

120

95

4.

4.

64

x 0 56 0

125

y 0 360 0 125 0 56 0 82 0

79

= 97 0
118
82

x
56

Polygon

22

135

1.6

Opposite angles in the parallelogram are equal in size

B
A C

B D
C

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
y = 120
x 0 180 0 120 0
= 60 0

120

2.

40

2.

x 110
360 0 220 0
y0
2
= 70 0
0

110

50

3.

3.

x 0 125 0

y 0 125 0
x
78

125

4.

4.
y
50

x 0 180 0 50 0 60 0
= 70 0

y 0 70 0

47

60

5.

5.

x 50
180 0 50 0
y0
2
0
= 65
0

50
y

Polygon

52

z
50

23

1.7

Sum of interior angles of a polygon with n sides = (n-2) x 180 0

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.
Sum of interior angles
(3 2) 180 0

180 0

2.

2.
Sum of interior angles
(5 2) 180 0
= 540 0

3.

3.

113

145

x
112

68

120

123

x 0 540 0 900 1230 112 0 113 0

= 92

162

150

4.

4.
30
60

100

110

240
40

x
40

x 360 60 30 40
= 230 0
0

Polygon

24

The sum of all the exterior angles of a polygon is 360 0

1.8

Example
1.

Exercises
1.

f
a

e
d

c
c

Sum of the exterior angles

2.

abcd e

360 0

c
a

1.9

The interior angle of a regular polygon with n-sides is

(n 2) 180 0
n

Examples

Exercises

1.

1.

5 sides

2.

8 sides

3.

10 sides

Polygon

6 sides
Size of the interior angles
(n 2) 180 0

6
4 180 0

6
120 0

25